Datasets:

chujiezheng

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wizard_of_wikipedia

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[ "Pediatrics", "I wanted to be a doctor at one point but not anymore.", "Agreed, it is such a complicated and difficult environment to deal with.", "I can see that, also working with kids would be quite rewarding too." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people be under pediatric care up to the age of 21.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ The word \"pediatrics\" and its cognates mean \"healer of children\"; they derive from two Greek words: (\"pais\" \"child\") and (\"iatros\" \"doctor, healer\").", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Pediatricians work both in hospitals, particularly those working in its subspecialties such as neonatology, and as primary care physicians.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Already Hippocrates, Aristotle, Celsus, Soranus, and Galen understood the differences in growing and maturing organisms that necessitated different treatment: \"\" ( \"In general, boys should not be treated in the same way as men.\"", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Celsus).", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Some of the oldest traces of pediatrics can be discovered in Ancient India where children's doctors were called \"kumara bhrtya\".", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ \"Sushruta Samhita\" an ayurvedic text, composed during the sixth century BC contains the text about pediatrics.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Another ayurvedic text from this period is \"Kashyapa Samhita\".", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ A second century AD manuscript by the Greek physician and gynecologist Soranus of Ephesus dealt with neonatal pediatrics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people be under pediatric care up to the age of 21.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ The word \"pediatrics\" and its cognates mean \"healer of children\"; they derive from two Greek words: (\"pais\" \"child\") and (\"iatros\" \"doctor, healer\").", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Pediatricians work both in hospitals, particularly those working in its subspecialties such as neonatology, and as primary care physicians.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Already Hippocrates, Aristotle, Celsus, Soranus, and Galen understood the differences in growing and maturing organisms that necessitated different treatment: \"\" ( \"In general, boys should not be treated in the same way as men.\"", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Celsus).", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Some of the oldest traces of pediatrics can be discovered in Ancient India where children's doctors were called \"kumara bhrtya\".", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ \"Sushruta Samhita\" an ayurvedic text, composed during the sixth century BC contains the text about pediatrics.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Another ayurvedic text from this period is \"Kashyapa Samhita\".", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ A second century AD manuscript by the Greek physician and gynecologist Soranus of Ephesus dealt with neonatal pediatrics.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ During the long history of the British science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\", a number of stories were proposed but, for a variety of reasons, never fully produced.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Below is a list of unmade serials which were submitted by recognised professional writers and the BBC had intended to produce, but for one reason or another were not made.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Many have since been the subject of a feature in \"Doctor Who Magazine\", or other professional periodicals or books devoted to the television show.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Such serials exist during the tenure of each of the previous eleven incarnations of the Doctor.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ The reasons for the serials being incomplete include strike action (which caused the partially filmed \"Shada\" to be abandoned), actors leaving roles (\"The Final Game\", which was cancelled after Roger Delgado's death), and the series being put on hiatus twice—once in 1985, and again in 1989—causing the serials planned for the following series to be shelved.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\".", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by twelve lead actors.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ In the programme, \"the Doctor\" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of \"regeneration\", a biological function of the Time Lord race that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance with recovery following a potentially fatal injury.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ Deportivo La Coruña is a Spanish soccer team.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ Deportivo de la Sala Calvet was founded in 1906.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ The club's first ever president was Luis Cornide.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ Records indicate that the team consisted of Salvador Fojón, Venancio Deus, Juan Long, Ángel Rodríguez, Manuel Álvarez, Daniel Aler, Paco Martínez, Félix de Paz, Virgilio Rodríguez, Juan Manuel López, and Martínez Urioste.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ On 11 May 1907, civil governor Luis Moyano passed the proper statute and regulations on the formation of the club.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ One and a half years later, King Alfonso XIII of Spain conceded the mark of royalty to the club while he also accepted the role of honorary president of the now called Real Club Deportivo de La Coruña.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ This article provides a brief overview of the health systems of the world, sorted by continent.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ When Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962, there were only around 300 doctors across the whole country and no proper system of healthcare.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ Over the next few decades, great progress was made in building up the health sector, with the training of doctors and the creation of many health facilities.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ Today, Algeria has an established network of hospitals (including university hospitals), clinics, medical centres and small health units or dispensaries.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ While equipment and medicines may not always be the latest available, staffing levels are high and the country has one of the best healthcare systems in Africa.", "Calvin C.J. Sia __knowledge__ Calvin C.J.", "Calvin C.J. Sia __knowledge__ Sia (born Calvin Chia Jung Sia on June 3, 1927) is a primary care pediatrician from Hawaii who developed innovative programs to improve the quality of medical care for children in the United States and Asia.", "Calvin C.J. Sia __knowledge__ Two particular programs have been implemented throughout America: the Medical Home concept for primary care that has been promoted by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the federal Emergency Medical Services for Children program administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau.", "Calvin C.J. Sia __knowledge__ His Medical Home model for pediatric care and early childhood development began to take root in several Asian countries in 2003.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ Infant mortality refers to deaths of young children, typically those less than one year of age.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ It is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ The Under-Five Mortality Rate is also an important statistic, considering the Infant Mortality Rate focuses only on children under one year of age.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ Premature birth is the biggest contributor to the IMR.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ Other leading causes of infant mortality are birth asphyxia, pneumonia, term birth complications such as abnormal presentation of the foetus umbilical cord prolapse, or prolonged labor, neonatal infection, diarrhea, malaria, measles and malnutrition.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 58% of US community hospitals are non-profit, 21% are government owned, and 21% are for-profit.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on health care per capita ($9,403), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.1%), than any other nation in 2014.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 64% of health spending was paid for by the government in 2013, funded via programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration.", "Basil Boulton __knowledge__ Basil Cartwright Boulton, March 6, 1938 to January 3, 2008, was a pediatrician, child health advocate, and local politician in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.", "Basil Boulton __knowledge__ Basil Boulton was born in Consort, Alberta, Canada, the youngest of seven children.", "Basil Boulton __knowledge__ He grew up on Gabriola Island, located in British Columbia's Straight of Georgia (now named the Salish Sea), where he developed a love of nature at an early age.", "Basil Boulton __knowledge__ His family cleared and developed Somerset Farm, which remains the largest working farm on Gabriola Island, occupying over 400 acres or 162 hectares.", "Basil Boulton __knowledge__ Boulton attended secondary school in Nanaimo, on Vancouver Island.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Universal health coverage is a broad concept that has been implemented in several ways.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ The common denominator for all such programs is some form of government action aimed at extending access to health care as widely as possible and setting minimum standards.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Most implement universal health care through legislation, regulation and taxation.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Legislation and regulation direct what care must be provided, to whom, and on what basis.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Usually some costs are borne by the patient at the time of consumption but the bulk of costs come from a combination of compulsory insurance and tax revenues.", "List of countries with universal health care __knowledge__ Some programs are paid for entirely out of tax revenues.", "Medicare (Canada) __knowledge__ Medicare () is the national health care system of Canada.", "Medicare (Canada) __knowledge__ Canada has a publicly funded, single-payer health care system consisting of 13 provincial and territorial health insurance plans that provides universal health care coverage to Canadian citizens, permanent residents and certain temporary residents.", "Medicare (Canada) __knowledge__ It is administered on a provincial or territorial basis, within the guidelines set by the federal government.", "Medicare (Canada) __knowledge__ The formal terminology for the insurance system is provided by the \"Canada Health Act\" and the health insurance legislation of the individual provinces and territories.", "Medicare (Canada) __knowledge__ The name is a contraction of \"medical\" and \"care\", and was used in the United States for health care programs since at least 1953." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people be under pediatric care up to the age of 21.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ The word \"pediatrics\" and its cognates mean \"healer of children\"; they derive from two Greek words: (\"pais\" \"child\") and (\"iatros\" \"doctor, healer\").", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Pediatricians work both in hospitals, particularly those working in its subspecialties such as neonatology, and as primary care physicians.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Already Hippocrates, Aristotle, Celsus, Soranus, and Galen understood the differences in growing and maturing organisms that necessitated different treatment: \"\" ( \"In general, boys should not be treated in the same way as men.\"", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Celsus).", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Some of the oldest traces of pediatrics can be discovered in Ancient India where children's doctors were called \"kumara bhrtya\".", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ \"Sushruta Samhita\" an ayurvedic text, composed during the sixth century BC contains the text about pediatrics.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Another ayurvedic text from this period is \"Kashyapa Samhita\".", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ A second century AD manuscript by the Greek physician and gynecologist Soranus of Ephesus dealt with neonatal pediatrics.", "Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry __knowledge__ Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry is the scientific study of biological, geological, and chemical processes in the environment using the distribution and relative abundance of hydrogen isotopes.", "Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry __knowledge__ There are two stable isotopes of hydrogen, protium H and deuterium H, which vary in relative abundance on the order of hundreds of permil.", "Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry __knowledge__ The ratio between these two species can be considered the hydrogen isotopic fingerprint of a substance.", "Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry __knowledge__ Understanding isotopic fingerprints and the sources of fractionation that lead to variation between them can be applied to address a diverse array of questions ranging from ecology and hydrology to geochemistry and paleoclimate reconstructions.", "Chief risk officer __knowledge__ The chief risk officer (CRO) or chief risk management officer (CRMO) of a firm or corporation is the executive accountable for enabling the efficient and effective governance of significant risks, and related opportunities, to a business and its various segments.", "Chief risk officer __knowledge__ Risks are commonly categorized as strategic, reputational, operational, financial, or compliance-related.", "Chief risk officer __knowledge__ CROs are accountable to the Executive Committee and The Board for enabling the business to balance risk and reward.", "Chief risk officer __knowledge__ In more complex organizations, they are generally responsible for coordinating the organization's Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) approach.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the focus of much scientific study about possible human colonization.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Mars' surface conditions and past presence of water make it arguably the most hospitable planet in the Solar System besides Earth.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Mars requires less energy per unit mass (delta-v) to reach from Earth than any planet, except Venus.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Permanent human habitation on other planets, including Mars, is one of science fiction's most prevalent themes.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ As technology advances, and concerns about humanity's future on Earth increase, arguments favoring space colonization gain momentum.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Other reasons for colonizing space include economic interests, long-term scientific research best carried out by humans as opposed to robotic probes, and sheer curiosity.", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ The European debt crisis (often also referred to as the Eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis) is a multi-year debt crisis that has been taking place in the European Union since the end of 2009.", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ Several eurozone member states (Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Cyprus) were unable to repay or refinance their government debt or to bail out over-indebted banks under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties like other Eurozone countries, the European Central Bank (ECB), or the International Monetary Fund (IMF).", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ The detailed causes of the debt crisis varied.", "Medicare (United States) __knowledge__ In the United States, Medicare is a single-payer, national social insurance program administered by the U.S. federal government since 1966, currently using about 30–50 private insurance companies across the United States under contract for administration.", "Medicare (United States) __knowledge__ United States Medicare is funded by a payroll tax, premiums and surtaxes from beneficiaries, and general revenue.", "Medicare (United States) __knowledge__ It provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older who have worked and paid into the system through the payroll tax.", "Medicare (United States) __knowledge__ It also provides health insurance to younger people with some disability status as determined by the Social Security Administration, as well as people with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.", "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act __knowledge__ The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, often shortened to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or nicknamed Obamacare, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010.", "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act __knowledge__ The term \"Obamacare\" was first used by opponents, then reappropriated by supporters, and eventually used by President Obama himself.", "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act __knowledge__ Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 amendment, it represents the U.S. healthcare system's most significant regulatory overhaul and expansion of coverage since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965.", "Health care finance in the United States __knowledge__ Health care finance in the United States discusses how Americans obtain and pay for their healthcare, and why U.S. healthcare costs are the highest in the world based on various measures, without better results.", "Health care finance in the United States __knowledge__ The American system is a mix of public and private insurance.", "Health care finance in the United States __knowledge__ The government provides insurance coverage for approximately 53 million elderly via Medicare, 62 million lower-income persons via Medicaid, and 15 million military veterans via the Veteran's Administration.", "Health care finance in the United States __knowledge__ About 178 million employed by companies receive subsidized health insurance through their employer, while 52 million other persons directly purchase insurance either via the subsidized marketplace exchanges developed as part of the Affordable Care Act or directly from insurers.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ The political positions of Ron Paul (L-TX), United States presidential candidate in 1988, 2008, and 2012, are generally described as libertarian, but have also been labeled conservative and constitutionalist.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ and Paul's nickname \"Dr. No\" reflects both his medical degree and his assertion that he will \"never vote for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution\".", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ This position has frequently resulted in Paul casting the sole \"no\" vote against proposed legislation.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ The central tenet of Paul's political philosophy is that \"the proper role for government in America is to provide national defense, a court system for civil disputes, a criminal justice system for acts of force and fraud, and little else.\"", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 58% of US community hospitals are non-profit, 21% are government owned, and 21% are for-profit.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on health care per capita ($9,403), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.1%), than any other nation in 2014.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 64% of health spending was paid for by the government in 2013, funded via programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration.", "Medicaid __knowledge__ Medicaid in the United States is a joint federal and state program that helps with medical costs for some people with limited income and resources.", "Medicaid __knowledge__ Medicaid also offers benefits not normally covered by Medicare, like nursing home care and personal care services.", "Medicaid __knowledge__ The Health Insurance Association of America describes Medicaid as a \"government insurance program for persons of all ages whose income and resources are insufficient to pay for health care\".", "Medicaid __knowledge__ Medicaid is the largest source of funding for medical and health-related services for people with low income in the United States, providing free health insurance to 74 million low-income and disabled people (as of 2017).", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States is often made by government, public health and public policy analysts.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ The two countries had similar healthcare systems before Canada changed its system in the 1960s and 1970s.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ The United States spends much more money on healthcare than Canada, on both a per-capita basis and as a percentage of GDP.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ In 2006, per-capita spending for health care in Canada was US$3,678; in the U.S., US$6,714.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. spent 15.3% of GDP on healthcare in that year; Canada spent 10.0%.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ In 2006, 70% of healthcare spending in Canada was financed by government, versus 46% in the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people be under pediatric care up to the age of 21.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ The word \"pediatrics\" and its cognates mean \"healer of children\"; they derive from two Greek words: (\"pais\" \"child\") and (\"iatros\" \"doctor, healer\").", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Pediatricians work both in hospitals, particularly those working in its subspecialties such as neonatology, and as primary care physicians.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Already Hippocrates, Aristotle, Celsus, Soranus, and Galen understood the differences in growing and maturing organisms that necessitated different treatment: \"\" ( \"In general, boys should not be treated in the same way as men.\"", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Celsus).", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Some of the oldest traces of pediatrics can be discovered in Ancient India where children's doctors were called \"kumara bhrtya\".", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ \"Sushruta Samhita\" an ayurvedic text, composed during the sixth century BC contains the text about pediatrics.", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ Another ayurvedic text from this period is \"Kashyapa Samhita\".", "Pediatrics __knowledge__ A second century AD manuscript by the Greek physician and gynecologist Soranus of Ephesus dealt with neonatal pediatrics.", "The Get Up Kids __knowledge__ The Get Up Kids are an American rock band from Kansas City, Missouri.", "The Get Up Kids __knowledge__ Formed in 1995, the band was a major player in the mid-1990s emo scene, otherwise known as the \"\" of emo music.", "The Get Up Kids __knowledge__ As they gained prominence, they began touring with bands such as Green Day and Weezer before becoming headliners themselves, eventually embarking on international tours of Japan and Europe.", "The Get Up Kids __knowledge__ They founded Heroes & Villains Records, an imprint of the successful indie rock label Vagrant Records.", "The Get Up Kids __knowledge__ While the imprint was started to release albums by The Get Up Kids, it served as a launching pad for several side-projects such as The New Amsterdams and Reggie and the Full Effect.", "The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon __knowledge__ The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon is a children's television series which aired in Canada on YTV and the United States on public television stations, through Tampa, Florida PBS member station WEDU.", "The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon __knowledge__ The show ran for five seasons from 1993 to 1997.", "The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon __knowledge__ It was a live-action show incorporating actors, full body costume characters (notably the titular dragon) and puppets.", "The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon __knowledge__ The story follows Dudley, a dragon who recently woke up from centuries of hibernation and his new ten-year-old siblings Matt and Sally.", "The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon __knowledge__ The two kids would guide Dudley around the modern world and the trio would learn about environmentalism, friendship and pro-social values.", "The Uncle Al Show __knowledge__ The Uncle Al Show was a children's television program originating in Cincinnati.", "The Uncle Al Show __knowledge__ The show was hosted by Cleveland native Al Lewis (1924–2009) (not to be confused with the actor who played Grandpa on \"The Munsters\"), and later was co-hosted by his wife, Wanda.", "The Uncle Al Show __knowledge__ The show enjoyed a remarkable 35-year run (1950–1985) on WCPO-TV, making it one of the longest-running local children's shows in American TV history.", "The Uncle Al Show __knowledge__ (\"Sesame Street\" holds the national record, as it has now surpassed 40 consecutive years on the air.)", "The Uncle Al Show __knowledge__ \"Uncle Al\" holds the unofficial record for the longest-running regularly scheduled series with the same host for the show's entire run.", "You Can't Do That on Television __knowledge__ You Can't Do That on Television is a Canadian television program that first aired locally in 1979 before airing internationally in 1981.", "You Can't Do That on Television __knowledge__ It featured pre-teen and teenaged actors in a sketch comedy format similar to that of the United States \"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\" and \"Saturday Night Live\".", "You Can't Do That on Television __knowledge__ Each episode had a specific theme normally relating to pop culture of the time.", "You Can't Do That on Television __knowledge__ The show was notable for launching the careers of many performers, including alternative rock singer-songwriter Alanis Morissette, and screenwriter Bill Prady.", "You Can't Do That on Television __knowledge__ The show was produced by and aired on Ottawa's CTV station CJOH-TV, and was marketed specifically for an American audience.", "Fox Kids __knowledge__ Fox Kids (originally known as Fox Children's Network and later as the Fox Kids Network) is a defunct American children's programming block and branding for a slate of international children's television channels.", "Fox Kids __knowledge__ Originally a joint venture between the Fox Broadcasting Company (Fox) and its affiliated stations, it was later owned by Fox Kids Worldwide Inc. from 1996 to 2001, then by Fox Television Entertainment from 2001 onwards.", "Fox Kids __knowledge__ Fox Kids originated as a programming block that aired on the Fox network from the September 8, 1990, to September 7, 2002.", "Fox Kids __knowledge__ The block aired on Saturday mornings throughout its existence, with an additional block on Monday through Friday afternoons airing until January 2002.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Toro Negro State Forest (Spanish: \"Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro\") is one of the 21 forests that make up the public forests system in Puerto Rico.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ It is also Puerto Rico's highest cloud forest.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ It is located in the Cordillera Central region of the island and covers , of mountains.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Toro Negro's mountains have heights reaching up to and include Cerro de Punta, Cerro Jayuya and Cerro Rosa, the three highest peaks in the island.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Nested among these mountains is Lake Guineo, the island's highest lake.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ The forest has of trails, an observation tower, two natural swimming pools (Spanish:\"\"charcos\"\"), camping and picnic areas, nine rivers, and numerous creeks and waterfalls.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Charm School with Ricki Lake is the third and final season of the VH1 reality television series \"Charm School\".", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Fourteen contestants from \"Rock of Love Bus with Bret Michaels\" and \"Real Chance of Love\" must change their old ways and learn improvement through acts of charity work.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Ricki Lake is the headmistress of the Charm School, and is assisted by deans Alani \"La La\" Vazquez and Stryker.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Ebony Jones (Risky) was ultimately named Charm School Queen and was awarded the $100,000.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ \"First Aired May 11, 2009 This season of \"Charm School\" opens with fourteen women from \"Rock of Love Bus\" and \"Real Chance of Love\" on a bus traveling to meet their headmistress, Ricki Lake.", "Residency (medicine) __knowledge__ Residency is a stage of graduate medical training.", "Residency (medicine) __knowledge__ A resident or house officer is a physician (one who holds the degree of M.D., D.O., or MBBS, MBChB, or BMed) who practices medicine usually in a hospital or clinic under the direct or indirect supervision of an attending physician.", "Residency (medicine) __knowledge__ Successful completion of a residency program is a requirement to obtaining an unrestricted license to practice medicine in many jurisdictions.", "Residency (medicine) __knowledge__ Residency training may be followed by fellowship or \"sub-specialty\" training.", "Residency (medicine) __knowledge__ Whereas medical school teaches physicians a broad range of medical knowledge, basic clinical skills, and supervised experience practicing medicine in a variety of fields, medical residency gives in-depth training within a specific branch of medicine.", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably.", "Emergency medicine __knowledge__ Emergency medicine, also known as accident and emergency medicine, is the medical specialty concerned with caring for undifferentiated, unscheduled patients with illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention.", "Emergency medicine __knowledge__ In their role as first-line providers, emergency physicians are responsible for initiating resuscitation and stabilization, starting investigations and interventions to diagnose and treat illnesses in the acute phase, coordinating care with specialists, and determining disposition regarding patients' need for hospital admission, observation, or discharge.", "Emergency medicine __knowledge__ Emergency physicians generally practice in hospital emergency departments, pre-hospital settings via emergency medical services, and intensive care units, but may also work in primary care settings such as urgent care clinics.", "Calvin C.J. Sia __knowledge__ Calvin C.J.", "Calvin C.J. Sia __knowledge__ Sia (born Calvin Chia Jung Sia on June 3, 1927) is a primary care pediatrician from Hawaii who developed innovative programs to improve the quality of medical care for children in the United States and Asia.", "Calvin C.J. Sia __knowledge__ Two particular programs have been implemented throughout America: the Medical Home concept for primary care that has been promoted by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the federal Emergency Medical Services for Children program administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau.", "Calvin C.J. Sia __knowledge__ His Medical Home model for pediatric care and early childhood development began to take root in several Asian countries in 2003.", "Medicine __knowledge__ Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.", "Medicine __knowledge__ Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.", "Medicine __knowledge__ Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others.", "Medicine __knowledge__ Medicine has existed for thousands of years, during most of which it was an art (an area of skill and knowledge) frequently having connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of local culture.", "Health care __knowledge__ Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings.", "Health care __knowledge__ Healthcare is delivered by health professionals (providers or practitioners) in allied health professions, physicians, physician associates, dentistry, midwifery, nursing, medicine, optometry, audiology, pharmacy, psychology, and other health professions.", "Health care __knowledge__ It includes the work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health.", "Health care __knowledge__ Access to health care may vary across countries, groups, and individuals, largely influenced by social and economic conditions as well as the health policies in place." ] ]

[ 1, 70, 5, 2 ]

[ "I used to think I wanted to be a pediatrician - they are doctors that deal with the medical care of infants, children, and teens. How about you?", "With all the craziness in the healthcare field these days, trying to figure out Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Administration, etc.. it seems like new dr's are dwindling.", "I liked the idea of pediatrics because they can work either in a hospital, as a primary care physican, or even in specialties like neonatology. I thought it would be interesting and rewarding.", "They actually recommend that people be under the care of a pediatrican until they are 21! My daughter just turned 18 and she said she feels weird going to a kids doctor - LOL!" ]

[ "Pediatrics", "Pediatrics", "Pediatrics", "Pediatrics" ]

[ "German Shepherd\nI own a German Shepherd, but i wish that i had gotten a Caucasian Shepherd instead. ", "8 Months. If you want him you can have him. Even a Scottish terrier would be better than this dog.", "Great. You can pick him up this afternoon. I think i will really get a peekapoodle, a cross between a pekinese and a poodle.", "i'm glad you have an assistant. Well, i have finally made up my mind. It is going to be a dachpinscher for me, a cross between a dachshund and a doberman pinscher. A vicious little dog to protect me." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed standard height at the withers is for males, and for females.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are longer than tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to 8 1/2.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ The Caucasian Shepherd Dog (, , , , ; , , , ) is a large breed of dog that is popular in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ It is extremely popular in Georgia, which has always been the principal region of penetration of Caucasian shepherd dogs.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ The official standard of this breed is fundamentally based on the dogs taken from Georgia.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Because the dog breed was registered by the USR, the FCI standard of this breed indicates that its origin is the USSR.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ However, the breed is native to countries of the Caucasus region including Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Also known as Caucasian Ovcharka or Baskhan (Karachay) pariy, Caucasian shepherd dogs are strongly boned, muscular, and even-tempered molossers.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd emerged from white-coat lines of the German Shepherd dog in Canada and the United States and from European imports.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd and the white German Shepherd are the same dog, though their coat colors vary.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd breed was officially recognized by the United Kennel Club on April 14, 1999.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ In German Shepherds, the recessive gene for white coat hair was cast in the breed gene pool by the late 19th and early 20th century breeding program that developed and expanded the German Shepherd Dog breed in Germany.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ A white herding dog named Greif was the grandfather of Horand von Grafrath, the dog acknowledged as the foundation of all contemporary German Shepherd bloodlines.", "Moscow Water Dog __knowledge__ The Moscow Water Dog, also known as the Moscow Diver, Moscow Retriever or Moskovsky Vodolaz, is a little-known dog breed derived from the Newfoundland, Caucasian Shepherd Dog and East European Shepherd.", "Moscow Water Dog __knowledge__ It is now extinct, but was used in the development of the Black Russian Terrier.", "Moscow Water Dog __knowledge__ The Moscow Water Dog was produced only by the Red Star Kennels, the state operated organization chartered to provide working dogs for the armed services.", "Moscow Water Dog __knowledge__ After World War II, there were very few working dogs in the Soviet Union as many had been killed during the war.", "Moscow Water Dog __knowledge__ Some were imported but there were not enough to establish a dedicated breeding programme for a specific breed.", "East-European Shepherd __knowledge__ The East European Shepherd (VEO) (in Russian: Восточно-европейская овчарка (ВЕО)) —is a breed of dog that was developed in the 1930-1950s based on German Shepherd Dogs to create a larger cold-resistant breed for military use, police work and border guard duties in the Soviet Union.", "East-European Shepherd __knowledge__ VEOs are also used as guide dogs for the blind and there are VEO therapy dogs.", "East-European Shepherd __knowledge__ This breed is popular in Russia where it entered a public culture and acquired a legendary status as an extremely smart and loyal dog devoted to their owners.", "East-European Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed is well known in other ex-Soviet Union republics.", "East-European Shepherd __knowledge__ In the West, the East-European Shepherd is a rare breed that is not well known: information about the breed on online sources, in English, is limited and often incorrect or distorted.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Georgian Shepherd ( \"qartuli nagazi\") is a molosser-type livestock guardian breed of dog with ancient working origins in the Georgia Caucasus.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Georgian shepherd is related to the Caucasian Shepherd Dog.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ There are two kinds of Georgian mountain dog: the short haired Kazbegian dog, also called \"Nagazi\", and the long haired Georgian mountain dog.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ Because of their morphology and lineage, Georgian shepherds fall into the Molosser category.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ Male Georgian mountain dogs should be at least in height at the withers; females should be at least in height.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ Physically, these dogs are strongly-boned, muscular, and athletic, with a large head and powerful legs.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ A guard dog or watch dog (not to be confused with the attack dog) is a dog used to guard against, and watch for unwanted or unexpected people or animals.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ The dog is discriminating so that it does not annoy or attack familiar people.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ Both guard dogs and watchdogs bark loudly to alert their owners of an intruder's presence and to scare away the intruder.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ The watch dog's function ends here; a guard dog is capable of attacking, or restraining the intruder.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ Livestock guardian dogs are often large enough, 100-200 lbs and strong enough to attack and drive away livestock predators such as wolves.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ Some smaller breeds (such as Keeshond and Tibetan Terrier) are excellent watchdogs but not guard dogs because they bark loudly to alert their masters of intruders but are physically small and not given to assertive behavior." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed standard height at the withers is for males, and for females.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are longer than tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to 8 1/2.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ The Scottish Terrier (also known as the Aberdeen Terrier), popularly called the Scottie, is a breed of dog.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ Initially one of the highland breeds of terrier that were grouped under the name of \"Skye Terrier\", it is one of five breeds of terrier that originated in Scotland, the other four being the modern Skye, Cairn, Dandie Dinmont, and West Highland White Terriers.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ They are an independent and rugged breed with a wiry outer coat and a soft dense undercoat.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ The First Earl of Dumbarton nicknamed the breed \"the diehard\".", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ The modern breed is said to be able to trace its lineage back to a single female, named Splinter II.", "West Highland White Terrier __knowledge__ The West Highland White Terrier, commonly known as the Westie, is a breed of dog from Scotland with a distinctive white harsh coat with a somewhat soft white undercoat.", "West Highland White Terrier __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized terrier, although with longer legs than other Scottish breeds of terrier.", "West Highland White Terrier __knowledge__ It has a white double coat of fur which fills out the dog's face, giving it a rounded appearance.", "West Highland White Terrier __knowledge__ The breed is intelligent and quick to learn and can be good with children, but does not always tolerate rough handling.", "West Highland White Terrier __knowledge__ The Westie is an active and intelligent breed, and is social with a high prey drive, as they were once used to hunt rodents.", "Yorkshire Terrier __knowledge__ The Yorkshire Terrier is a small dog breed of terrier type, developed during the 19th century in Yorkshire, England, to catch rats in clothing mills.", "Yorkshire Terrier __knowledge__ Ideally its maximum size is , although some may exceed this and grow up to .", "Yorkshire Terrier __knowledge__ It is placed in the Toy Terrier section of the Terrier Group by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and in the Toy Group or Companion Group by other kennel clubs, including the American Kennel Club.", "Yorkshire Terrier __knowledge__ A popular companion dog, the Yorkshire Terrier has also been part of the development of other breeds, such as the Australian Silky Terrier.", "Yorkshire Terrier __knowledge__ It has a grey, black, and tan coat, and the breed's nickname is Yorkie.", "Tickle Em Jock __knowledge__ Ch.", "Tickle Em Jock __knowledge__ Tickle Em Jock (1908–??", "Tickle Em Jock __knowledge__ ), a Scottish Terrier, was the first of his breed to win best-in-show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1911, the fifth occasion it was awarded.", "Tickle Em Jock __knowledge__ He was originally sold for a sum of only £2 to Andrew Albright, Jr. Mr Albright would go on to later say he wouldn't sell the dog for $5,000.", "Tickle Em Jock __knowledge__ Jock was also noted in the media of the time for biting a judge's wrist just after winning best of breed at a dog show.", "Tickle Em Jock __knowledge__ Jock was originally sold at Leadenhall Meat Market in London in 1909 for £2 ($15), as he was originally owned by a butcher.", "Tickle Em Jock __knowledge__ Samuel Wilson of Bradford, Yorkshire purchased the dog and paid extra for evidence of the dog's pedigree.", "Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice __knowledge__ Ch.", "Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice __knowledge__ Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice (born May 19, 2004), also known as Charmin, is a male Sealyham Terrier who was the Best in Show at the American Kennel Club National Championship in 2007, World Dog Show in 2008, and Crufts in 2009.", "Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice __knowledge__ He also won the Terrier Group at the Westminster Kennel Club dog show in 2008.", "Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice __knowledge__ Charmin was bred in Canada by France Bergeron, a Canadian Kennel Club life member from Quebec, Canada.", "Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice __knowledge__ His owner/handler Margery Good described him as being \"squeezeably soft\" when he was a puppy, which brought him his \"Charmin\" nickname in which co-owner Judith Carter gave him.", "Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice __knowledge__ Charmin's owner for his big wins included Sandra Middlebrooks who is the owner of the 2011 Westminister Kennel Club Best in Show winning Pekeinese dog.", "Airedale Terrier __knowledge__ The Airedale Terrier (often shortened to \"Airedale\"), also called Bingley Terrier and Waterside Terrier, is a dog breed of the terrier type that originated in the valley (\"dale\") of the River Aire, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England.", "Airedale Terrier __knowledge__ It is traditionally called the \"King of Terriers\" because it is the largest of the terrier breeds.", "Airedale Terrier __knowledge__ The Airedale was bred from the Old English Black and Tan Terrier (now extinct), the Bull Terrier, the Otterhound and probably some other Terrier breeds, originally to serve as an all around working farm dog.", "Airedale Terrier __knowledge__ In Britain this breed has also been used as a war dog, guide dog and police dog.", "Barney (dog) __knowledge__ Barney Bush (birth name Bernard Bush; September 30, 2000 – February 1, 2013) was a Scottish Terrier owned by former U.S. President George W. Bush and former First Lady Laura Bush.", "Barney (dog) __knowledge__ Barney had his own official web page which redirected to an extension of the White House website.", "Barney (dog) __knowledge__ Barney was born in New Jersey and he was often referred to as the \"First Dog\".", "Barney (dog) __knowledge__ Barney's mother, Coors, was owned by former Environmental Protection Agency Director and former New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman.", "Barney (dog) __knowledge__ The dog's father is known as Kelly.", "Barney (dog) __knowledge__ Miss Beazley, the Bushes' other Scottish terrier, is Barney's niece through his half-brother, Clinton.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ The Caucasian Shepherd Dog (, , , , ; , , , ) is a large breed of dog that is popular in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ It is extremely popular in Georgia, which has always been the principal region of penetration of Caucasian shepherd dogs.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ The official standard of this breed is fundamentally based on the dogs taken from Georgia.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Because the dog breed was registered by the USR, the FCI standard of this breed indicates that its origin is the USSR.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ However, the breed is native to countries of the Caucasus region including Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.", "Caucasian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Also known as Caucasian Ovcharka or Baskhan (Karachay) pariy, Caucasian shepherd dogs are strongly boned, muscular, and even-tempered molossers.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ The Central Asian Shepherd Dog is an ancient breed of dog from the regions of Central Asia.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ It is not the result of artificial selection but rather a native breed called alabai historically common among Central Asian peoples.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Traditionally, the breed was used for shepherding, as well as to protect and for guard duty.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ The Central Asian Ovcharka () is a large breed of dog recognized by FCI, as a Molossoid type dog breed of Soviet-era origin under Russian patronage.", "Central Asian Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Numerous breed representatives reside in Russia, and local kennel club officials refer to Central Asians as one of the most popular dog breeds in the country, rating them as the #1 breed in the country around 2000.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Georgian Shepherd ( \"qartuli nagazi\") is a molosser-type livestock guardian breed of dog with ancient working origins in the Georgia Caucasus.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Georgian shepherd is related to the Caucasian Shepherd Dog.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ There are two kinds of Georgian mountain dog: the short haired Kazbegian dog, also called \"Nagazi\", and the long haired Georgian mountain dog.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ Because of their morphology and lineage, Georgian shepherds fall into the Molosser category.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ Male Georgian mountain dogs should be at least in height at the withers; females should be at least in height.", "Georgian Shepherd __knowledge__ Physically, these dogs are strongly-boned, muscular, and athletic, with a large head and powerful legs.", "Moscow Water Dog __knowledge__ The Moscow Water Dog, also known as the Moscow Diver, Moscow Retriever or Moskovsky Vodolaz, is a little-known dog breed derived from the Newfoundland, Caucasian Shepherd Dog and East European Shepherd.", "Moscow Water Dog __knowledge__ It is now extinct, but was used in the development of the Black Russian Terrier.", "Moscow Water Dog __knowledge__ The Moscow Water Dog was produced only by the Red Star Kennels, the state operated organization chartered to provide working dogs for the armed services.", "Moscow Water Dog __knowledge__ After World War II, there were very few working dogs in the Soviet Union as many had been killed during the war.", "Moscow Water Dog __knowledge__ Some were imported but there were not enough to establish a dedicated breeding programme for a specific breed.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fighting is a type of blood sport generally defined as two or more game dogs against one another in a ring or a pit for the entertainment of the spectators or the gratification of the dogfighters, who are sometimes referred to as dogmen.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ In rural areas, fights are often staged in barns or outdoor pits; in urban areas, fights may occur in garages, basements, warehouses, abandoned buildings, back alleys, neighborhood playgrounds, or in the streets.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fights usually last until one dog is declared a winner, which occurs when one dog fails to scratch, one dog dies, or one dog jumps out of the pit.", "Karakachan dog __knowledge__ The Karakachan is a breed of dog that originated in Bulgaria as a mountain livestock guardian dog.", "Karakachan dog __knowledge__ Other names are Ovcharsko kuche and Thracian Mollos.", "Karakachan dog __knowledge__ The dog is named after the Karakachans, Balkan nomadic shepherds.", "Karakachan dog __knowledge__ Due to their conservative stock-breeding traditions, they have preserved some of the oldest breeds of domestic animals in Europe: the Karakachan sheep, Karakachan horse and the Karakachan dog.", "Karakachan dog __knowledge__ In the past, this mountain dog was widely used in Bulgaria as a border army watchdog.", "Karakachan dog __knowledge__ Nowadays it is used primarily as a livestock guardian dog and property guard dog.", "Karakachan dog __knowledge__ The most numerous populations of working purebred livestock guarding Karakachan dogs are found in Bulgaria and the United States.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ A guard dog or watch dog (not to be confused with the attack dog) is a dog used to guard against, and watch for unwanted or unexpected people or animals.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ The dog is discriminating so that it does not annoy or attack familiar people.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ Both guard dogs and watchdogs bark loudly to alert their owners of an intruder's presence and to scare away the intruder.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ The watch dog's function ends here; a guard dog is capable of attacking, or restraining the intruder.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ Livestock guardian dogs are often large enough, 100-200 lbs and strong enough to attack and drive away livestock predators such as wolves.", "Guard dog __knowledge__ Some smaller breeds (such as Keeshond and Tibetan Terrier) are excellent watchdogs but not guard dogs because they bark loudly to alert their masters of intruders but are physically small and not given to assertive behavior." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed standard height at the withers is for males, and for females.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are longer than tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to 8 1/2.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Poodle Hat __knowledge__ Poodle Hat is the eleventh studio album by \"Weird Al\" Yankovic, released on May 20, 2003.", "Poodle Hat __knowledge__ It was the seventh studio album self-produced by Yankovic.", "Poodle Hat __knowledge__ The musical styles on the album are built around parodies and pastiches of pop of the early-2000s.", "Poodle Hat __knowledge__ The album's lead single, \"Couch Potato\", is a parody of \"Lose Yourself\" by Eminem.", "Poodle Hat __knowledge__ The single failed to chart, although the album's song \"eBay\" (a parody of \"I Want It That Way\" by Backstreet Boys) eventually peaked at number 115 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 2007.", "Poodle Hat __knowledge__ The album featured five parodies.", "Poodle Hat __knowledge__ Aside from the aforementioned \"Couch Potato\" and \"eBay\", the album also spoofs \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly, \"Complicated\" by Avril Lavigne, and \"Piano Man\" by Billy Joel.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Trouble (Iggy Azalea song) __knowledge__ \"Trouble\" is a song by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea featuring American recording artist Jennifer Hudson, taken from \"Reclassified\", the former's 2014 reissue of her debut studio album.", "Trouble (Iggy Azalea song) __knowledge__ The song was produced by The Invisible Men and Salt Wives.", "Trouble (Iggy Azalea song) __knowledge__ In December 2014, Azalea revealed the track would be the official second promotional track off the reissue, although no specific date for the single to be released digitally or serviced to radios was reported.", "Trouble (Iggy Azalea song) __knowledge__ It was then announced that the song would be impacting mainstream radio stations in the US on 24 February 2015, with an accompanying music video also shot earlier that month.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "POODLE __knowledge__ The POODLE attack (which stands for \"Padding Oracle On Downgraded Legacy Encryption\") is a man-in-the-middle exploit which takes advantage of Internet and security software clients' fallback to SSL 3.0.", "POODLE __knowledge__ If attackers successfully exploit this vulnerability, on average, they only need to make 256 SSL 3.0 requests to reveal one byte of encrypted messages.", "POODLE __knowledge__ Bodo Möller, Thai Duong and Krzysztof Kotowicz from the Google Security Team discovered this vulnerability; they disclosed the vulnerability publicly on October 14, 2014 (despite the paper being dated \"September 2014\" ).", "POODLE __knowledge__ Ivan Ristic does not consider the POODLE attack as serious as the Heartbleed and Shellshock attacks.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 1985, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ They were all introduced by executive producer Julia Smith.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ The first episode of \"EastEnders\" was broadcast on 19 February 1985, and twenty-three main characters were already created for their first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ The first character to be seen was Den Watts, followed by Ali Osman and then Arthur Fowler, all of whom find Reg Cox dying in his flat.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ Ethel Skinner, Harold Legg and Pauline Fowler appear, after Den alerts them of Reg's death.", "List of EastEnders characters (1985) __knowledge__ With Ethel is her pug Willy along with Lou Beale.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ The Taiwan Dog () is a breed or landrace of small or medium dog indigenous to Taiwan.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ These dogs are also known as Taiwanese Canis, Taiwanese Native Dog () or Takasago Dog ().", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ They are well-adapted to the uneven and thickly forested terrain of Taiwan, having become a semi-wild breed prior to the arrival of several colonial reigns and foreign powers.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Notwithstanding these adaptations, Formosans retained the potential to be trained, and are now used as hunting dogs, guard dogs, stunt dogs, rescue dogs, or simply as companions.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Formosans are classified into one medium type and two small types.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ However, now the pureblood Formosan Mountain Dog is edging closer to extinction, due to limited conservation efforts of the Taiwanese and their government.", "Czechoslovakian Wolfdog __knowledge__ The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog (, ) is a relatively new dog breed that traces its original lineage to an experiment conducted in 1955 in Czechoslovakia.", "Czechoslovakian Wolfdog __knowledge__ After initially breeding working line German Shepherd Dogs with Carpathian wolves \"(Canis lupus lupus)\", a plan was worked out to create a breed that would have the temperament, pack mentality, and trainability of the German Shepherd Dog and the strength, physical build, and stamina of the Carpathian wolf.", "Czechoslovakian Wolfdog __knowledge__ The breed was engineered as attack dogs for use in military special operations done by the Czechoslovak special forces commandos but were later also used in search and rescue, schutzhund, tracking, herding, agility, obedience, hunting, and drafting in Europe and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd emerged from white-coat lines of the German Shepherd dog in Canada and the United States and from European imports.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd and the white German Shepherd are the same dog, though their coat colors vary.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd breed was officially recognized by the United Kennel Club on April 14, 1999.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ In German Shepherds, the recessive gene for white coat hair was cast in the breed gene pool by the late 19th and early 20th century breeding program that developed and expanded the German Shepherd Dog breed in Germany.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ A white herding dog named Greif was the grandfather of Horand von Grafrath, the dog acknowledged as the foundation of all contemporary German Shepherd bloodlines.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The Australian Shepherd, often known simply as the \"Aussie\", is a medium-sized breed of dog that was, despite its name, developed on ranches in the Western United States during the 19th century.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The dog was developed from a breed or breeds from the Basque country in Western Europe.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ It was brought by Basque people to the United States.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ These people had previously lived only briefly in Australia before moving to America.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed otherwise has no connection to Australia.", "Australian Shepherd __knowledge__ There are a number of different theories regarding how the breed came to be associated with Australia, but there is no consensus.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed is a BBC One investigative documentary, produced by Jemima Harrison, which looks into health and welfare issues facing pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast on 19 August 2008.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The Kennel Club (KC), the governing body of pedigree dogs in the UK which runs the prestigious dog breed show Crufts, was criticised for allowing breed standards, judging standards and breeding practices to compromise the health of .", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The programme generated much criticism of the Kennel Club.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It also caused various sponsors and trade exhibitors to withdraw their participation from Crufts and other Kennel Club events." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is the second-most registered breed by the American Kennel Club and seventh-most registered breed by The Kennel Club in the United Kingdom.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed standard height at the withers is for males, and for females.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ German Shepherds are longer than tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to 8 1/2.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ The Dobermann to most of the world (), or Doberman Pinscher as it is known in the United States and Canada, is a medium-large breed of domestic dog originally developed around 1890 by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector from Germany.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ The Dobermann has a long muzzle and stands on its toes (not the pads) and is not usually heavy-footed.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ Ideally, they have an even and graceful gait.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ Traditionally, the ears are cropped and posted and the tail is docked.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ However, in some countries it is illegal to do so.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ Dobermanns have markings on the chest, paws/legs, muzzle, above the eyes, and underneath the tail.", "Miniature Pinscher __knowledge__ The Miniature Pinscher (Zwergpinscher or Min Pin) is a small breed of dog originating from Germany.", "Miniature Pinscher __knowledge__ The breed's earliest ancestors may have included the German Pinscher mixed with Italian greyhounds and dachshunds.", "Miniature Pinscher __knowledge__ Historical artifacts and paintings place the Min Pin as a very old breed, but factual documentation began less than 200 years ago, leaving their actual origins to debate.", "Miniature Pinscher __knowledge__ The Miniature Pinscher is reported to include the Dachshund and Italian Greyhound among its ancestors.", "Miniature Pinscher __knowledge__ Many historians and those who have researched the background of the breed agree that this heritage is most likely correct, adding the shorthaired German Pinscher to the family tree.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The dachshund ( or or ) is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The standard size dachshund was developed to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals, while the miniature dachshund was bred to hunt smaller prey such as rabbits.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ In the United States, they have also been used to track wounded deer and hunt prairie dogs.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ Dachshunds also participate in conformation shows, field trials and many other events organized through pure-bred dog organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).", "Dachshund __knowledge__ According to the AKC, the dachshund is ranked in 13th place in popularity amongst dog breeds in the United States.", "Rod Humphries __knowledge__ Rodney Dennis Humphries (born 18 September 1943) is an Australian-born author, newspaper/magazine journalist and television writer.", "Rod Humphries __knowledge__ Humphries began his writing career at the age of 17 as a general reporter for an Australian wire service.", "Rod Humphries __knowledge__ He became a sports journalist covering international events for major Australian dailies and wrote his first book, \"Lionel Rose: Australian\" at age 25.", "Rod Humphries __knowledge__ Humphries was also head writer and assistant producer of the Australian television show \"This is Your Life\".", "Rod Humphries __knowledge__ Humphries moved permanently to the United States in 1977 when a tennis book he was commissioned to write in New York was followed by an offer from oilman and sports entrepreneur Lamar Hunt to join the staff of Dallas-based World Championship Tennis (WCT).", "Ferry v. Rauhfelsen of Giralda __knowledge__ Ch.", "Ferry v. Rauhfelsen of Giralda __knowledge__ Ferry v. Rauhfelsen of Giralda (9 January, 1937 – 1943) also known as Ferry, a Doberman Pinscher, best known for being Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in both 1939 while owned by Geraldine Rockefeller Dodge.", "Ferry v. Rauhfelsen of Giralda __knowledge__ He was the grandfather of two-time champion, Rancho Dobe's Storm.", "Ferry v. Rauhfelsen of Giralda __knowledge__ Ferry was born in Germany on 9 January, 1937 to dam Ch.", "Ferry v. Rauhfelsen of Giralda __knowledge__ Jessy v. Sonnenhoehe, a German dog, and sire Ch.", "Ferry v. Rauhfelsen of Giralda __knowledge__ Troll v. Englesberg, an American and Canadian champion.", "Ferry v. Rauhfelsen of Giralda __knowledge__ His dam is described by the Doberman Pinscher Club of America (DPCA) as the most important dam of her time, with around 80% of dogs polled at a DPCA Show in the 1940s being related to her.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "Eyes of an Angel __knowledge__ Eyes of an Angel is a 1991 American drama film starring John Travolta and directed by Robert Harmon.", "Eyes of an Angel __knowledge__ It was released in France, Sweden, and on television in the United States as \"The Tender.\"", "Eyes of an Angel __knowledge__ It was released straight to video in 1994 under its proper title to coincide with Travolta's bigger name release, \"Pulp Fiction\".", "Eyes of an Angel __knowledge__ According to the opening credits, the movie is based on a true story.", "Eyes of an Angel __knowledge__ The film was shot entirely in Chicago.", "Eyes of an Angel __knowledge__ Travolta plays Bobby Allen, a down-on-his-luck single father and recovering alcoholic whose wife died of a drug overdose.", "Eyes of an Angel __knowledge__ With no job and no money, his former brother-in-law Cissy gets him a job as a money courier while Bobby's 10-year-old daughter finds a wounded fighting dog.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ The Taiwan Dog () is a breed or landrace of small or medium dog indigenous to Taiwan.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ These dogs are also known as Taiwanese Canis, Taiwanese Native Dog () or Takasago Dog ().", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ They are well-adapted to the uneven and thickly forested terrain of Taiwan, having become a semi-wild breed prior to the arrival of several colonial reigns and foreign powers.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Notwithstanding these adaptations, Formosans retained the potential to be trained, and are now used as hunting dogs, guard dogs, stunt dogs, rescue dogs, or simply as companions.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ Formosans are classified into one medium type and two small types.", "Taiwan Dog __knowledge__ However, now the pureblood Formosan Mountain Dog is edging closer to extinction, due to limited conservation efforts of the Taiwanese and their government.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Schutzhund (German for \"protection dog\") is a dog sport that was developed in Germany in the early 1900s as a breed suitability test for the German Shepherd breed.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ The test would determine if the dog displayed the appropriate traits and characteristics of a proper working German Shepherd.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Today, it is used as a sport where many breeds other than German Shepherd Dogs can compete, but it is such a demanding test that few dogs can pass.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Schutzhund tests dogs of all breeds for the traits necessary for police-type work.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Dogs that pass Schutzhund tests should be suitable for a wide variety of tasks: police work, specific odor detection, search and rescue, and many others.", "Police dog __knowledge__ A police dog, known in some English-speaking countries as a \"K-9\" or \"K9\" (a homophone of \"canine\"), is a dog that is specifically trained to assist police and other law-enforcement personnel.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Their duties include: searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime scene evidence, and protecting their handlers.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Police dogs must remember several verbal cues and hand gestures.", "Police dog __knowledge__ The most commonly used breeds are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois and Rottweiler.", "Police dog __knowledge__ In many common law jurisdictions, the intentional injuring or killing of a police dog is a felony.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Dogs have been used in law enforcement since the Middle Ages.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd emerged from white-coat lines of the German Shepherd dog in Canada and the United States and from European imports.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd and the white German Shepherd are the same dog, though their coat colors vary.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd breed was officially recognized by the United Kennel Club on April 14, 1999.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ In German Shepherds, the recessive gene for white coat hair was cast in the breed gene pool by the late 19th and early 20th century breeding program that developed and expanded the German Shepherd Dog breed in Germany.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ A white herding dog named Greif was the grandfather of Horand von Grafrath, the dog acknowledged as the foundation of all contemporary German Shepherd bloodlines." ] ]

[ 13, 4, 6, 24 ]

[ "Yeah? I agree the Caucasian Shepherd is a sweet dog! They're so large and very popular in Russia. How old is your dog?", "Ha I'll take him off your hands! I lover German Shepherds. They're a relatively new breed dating from 1899, but they're so smart!", "Ha, deal lord... that sounds like an odd mix. I like the German Shepherds because of their strength, obedience and train-ability. I'm also disabled and they're excellent to assist me. ", "I do like the dachshund as well. Their little legs are so cute. I like the long hair ones. I would call him Vienna Sausage." ]

[ "German Shepherd", "German Shepherd", "German Shepherd", "German Shepherd" ]

[ "Vietnamese Pot-bellied", "How big do they get?", "That is really cute!", "How much do they cost normally" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Vietnamese Pot-bellied is the exonym for the Lon I () or I pig, an endangered traditional Vietnamese breed of small domestic pig.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is uniformly black and has short legs and a low-hanging belly, from which the name derives; in pregnant sows, the belly may drag on the ground.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is reared for meat.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is slow-growing, but the meat has good flavour.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I was depicted in the traditional Đông Hồ paintings of Bắc Ninh province as a symbol of happiness, satiety and wealth.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is a traditional Vietnamese breed.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is thought to have originated in Nam Định province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It was the dominant local pig breed in most provinces of the delta, and was widely distributed in Nam Định province and the neighbouring provinces of Hà Nam, Ninh Bình and Thái Bình, as well as in the province of Thanh Hóa immediately to the south, in the North Central Coast region.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Until the 1970s the I was probably the most numerous pig breed in northern Vietnam, with numbers running into millions.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ From that time, the more productive Móng Cái began to supplant it.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The National Institute of Animal Husbandry of Vietnam started a conservation programme, with subsidies for farmers who reared purebred stock, but this had little benefit – there was some increase in numbers, but at the cost of increased inbreeding." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Vietnamese Pot-bellied is the exonym for the Lon I () or I pig, an endangered traditional Vietnamese breed of small domestic pig.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is uniformly black and has short legs and a low-hanging belly, from which the name derives; in pregnant sows, the belly may drag on the ground.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is reared for meat.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is slow-growing, but the meat has good flavour.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I was depicted in the traditional Đông Hồ paintings of Bắc Ninh province as a symbol of happiness, satiety and wealth.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is a traditional Vietnamese breed.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is thought to have originated in Nam Định province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It was the dominant local pig breed in most provinces of the delta, and was widely distributed in Nam Định province and the neighbouring provinces of Hà Nam, Ninh Bình and Thái Bình, as well as in the province of Thanh Hóa immediately to the south, in the North Central Coast region.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Until the 1970s the I was probably the most numerous pig breed in northern Vietnam, with numbers running into millions.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ From that time, the more productive Móng Cái began to supplant it.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The National Institute of Animal Husbandry of Vietnam started a conservation programme, with subsidies for farmers who reared purebred stock, but this had little benefit – there was some increase in numbers, but at the cost of increased inbreeding.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "Half & Half __knowledge__ Half & Half is an American sitcom that aired on UPN from September 23, 2002, to May 15, 2006.", "Half & Half __knowledge__ The show focuses on the lives of two paternal half-sisters in their twenties who were estranged throughout their childhood, and are finally developing a close relationship.", "Half & Half __knowledge__ The series is set in San Francisco.", "Half & Half __knowledge__ It was the second-most-watched show on UPN's Monday night line-up (next to \"Girlfriends\") and fourth overall on the network.", "Half & Half __knowledge__ The show was on The CW's first draft line-up in March 2006, but due to several circumstances—including The CW's contractual obligation to pick up \"Reba\", the uncancelling of \"All of Us\", and the pick-up of the \"Girlfriends\" spin-off \"The Game\"—\"Half & Half\" was left off the final Fall 2006 schedule and ended production.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Paz, also known as The Paz Show or Paz the Penguin, is an animated television series that debuted on February 24, 2003 on Discovery Kids and TLC in the United States.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ It also aired on Treehouse TV in Canada, and on ITV in the United Kingdom.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The show was produced by Telescreen BV, Egmont Imagination, King Rollo Films, Open Mind Productions, and Discovery Kids.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The series was based on a series of books written and illustrated by Mary Murphy.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ 1.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ THE RIGHT MOVES: Pig teaches a dance class with surprising results.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Sometimes mistakes are the best part!", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ At first, Pig worries that she is a bad dance teacher.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters who appear in the series Static Shock.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ Virgil Ovid Hawkins/Static (Phil LaMarr) He is an African-American 9th grade high school student in Dakota City.", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ As a result of accidental exposure to an experimental mutagen in an event known as the Big Bang, he gained the ability to control and manipulate electromagnetism, and uses these powers to become a superhero named \"Static.\"", "List of Static Shock characters __knowledge__ Countless others who were also exposed gained a wide variety of mutations and abilities, and Static spends much of his time dealing with these \"Bang Babies\", many of whom use their abilities in selfish, harmful, and even criminal ways.Virgil is named after the first African-American to go to law school (who was himself named for the Roman poets Virgil and Ovid).", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ The domestic pig (\"Sus scrofa domesticus\" or only \"Sus domesticus\"), often called swine, hog, or simply pig when there is no need to distinguish it from other pigs, is a large, even-toed ungulate.", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ It is variously considered a subspecies of the wild boar or a distinct species.", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ The domestic pig's head-plus-body-length ranges from , and the adult can weigh between .", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ Compared to other artiodactyls, its head is relatively long, pointed, and free of warts.", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ Even-toed ungulates are generally herbivorous, but the domestic pig is an omnivore, like its wild relative.", "Domestic pig __knowledge__ When used as livestock, domestic pigs are farmed primarily for the consumption of their meat, called pork.", "Miniature pig __knowledge__ Miniature pig (also micro pig, teacup pig, etc.)", "Miniature pig __knowledge__ is a term that is used to refer to small breeds of domestic pig, such as Pot-bellied pigs, Göttingen minipigs, Choctaw Hogs, or Kunekune (and specimens derived by cross-breeding with these).", "Miniature pig __knowledge__ Notable features of most miniature pigs distinguishing them from other pigs may be defined by their possession of small, perked-back ears, a potbelly, sway back, chubby figure, rounded head, short snout, legs, and neck, and a short tail with thick hair at the end.", "Miniature pig __knowledge__ Typically, most breeds of mini pigs will range from the minimum weight of to .", "Miniature pig __knowledge__ In the 1960s, Chinese pigs that grew to be were sent to zoos in Western cities and were used for medical research in the fields of toxicology, pharmacology, pulmonology, cardiology, aging, and as a source of organs for organ transplantation.", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ The Ironwood Pig Sanctuary is a non-profit pot bellied pig sanctuary located in Pinal County, Arizona, at Marana, about 30 miles from Tucson.", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ Its mission is to relieve the suffering of abandoned, abused, unwanted, or neglected pigs.", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ It contains almost 600 pigs on .", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ The sanctuary was founded and is maintained by husband and wife retirees Ben Watkins and Mary Schanz.", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ Before opening the sanctuary, Schanz was a medical technician and animal rights activist.", "Ironwood Pig Sanctuary __knowledge__ The owners of the sanctuary credit the swell of interest in Vietnamese pot bellied pigs during the 1980s and 1990s with the current number of unwanted pigs.", "The Livestock Conservancy __knowledge__ The Livestock Conservancy, formerly known as the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (ALBC) and prior to that, the American Minor Breeds Conservancy, is a nonprofit organization focused on preserving and promoting rare breeds, also known as \"heritage breeds\" of livestock.", "The Livestock Conservancy __knowledge__ Founded in 1977, through the efforts of livestock breed enthusiasts concerned about the disappearance of many of the US's heritage livestock breeds, the Conservancy was the pioneer livestock preservation organization in the United States, and remains a leading organization in that field.", "The Livestock Conservancy __knowledge__ It has initiated programs that have saved multiple breeds from extinction, and works closely with similar organizations in other countries, including Rare Breeds Canada.", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ National Pig Day is an event held annually on March 1 in the United States to celebrate the pig.", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ The holiday celebration was started in 1972 by sisters Ellen Stanley, a teacher in Lubbock, Texas, and Mary Lynne Rave of Beaufort, North Carolina.", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ According to Rave the purpose of National Pig Day is \"to accord the pig its rightful, though generally unrecognized, place as one of man's most intellectual and domesticated animals.\"", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ The holiday is most often celebrated in the Midwest.", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ National Pig Day includes events at zoos, schools, nursing homes, and sporting events around the United States.", "National Pig Day __knowledge__ It is also recognized at \"pig parties\" where pink pig punch and pork delicacies are served, and pink ribbon pigtails are tied around trees in the pigs' honor.", "Feral pig __knowledge__ The feral pig (from Latin \"fera\", \"a wild beast\") is a pig (\"Sus scrofa\") living in the wild, but which has descended from escaped domesticated individuals in both the Old and New Worlds.", "Feral pig __knowledge__ Razorback and wild hog are American colloquialisms, loosely applied to any type of feral domestic pig, wild boar, or hybrid in North America; pure wild boar are sometimes called \"Russian boar\" or \"Russian razorbacks\".", "Feral pig __knowledge__ The term \"razorback\" has also appeared in Australia, to describe feral pigs there.", "Feral pig __knowledge__ A feral pig is a domestic pig that has escaped or been released into the wild, and is living more or less as a wild animal; or one that is descended from such animals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Vietnamese Pot-bellied is the exonym for the Lon I () or I pig, an endangered traditional Vietnamese breed of small domestic pig.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is uniformly black and has short legs and a low-hanging belly, from which the name derives; in pregnant sows, the belly may drag on the ground.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is reared for meat.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is slow-growing, but the meat has good flavour.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I was depicted in the traditional Đông Hồ paintings of Bắc Ninh province as a symbol of happiness, satiety and wealth.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is a traditional Vietnamese breed.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is thought to have originated in Nam Định province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It was the dominant local pig breed in most provinces of the delta, and was widely distributed in Nam Định province and the neighbouring provinces of Hà Nam, Ninh Bình and Thái Bình, as well as in the province of Thanh Hóa immediately to the south, in the North Central Coast region.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Until the 1970s the I was probably the most numerous pig breed in northern Vietnam, with numbers running into millions.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ From that time, the more productive Móng Cái began to supplant it.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The National Institute of Animal Husbandry of Vietnam started a conservation programme, with subsidies for farmers who reared purebred stock, but this had little benefit – there was some increase in numbers, but at the cost of increased inbreeding.", "Paris Hilton __knowledge__ Paris Whitney Hilton (born February 17, 1981) is an American businesswoman, socialite, television and media personality, model, actress, singer, and DJ.", "Paris Hilton __knowledge__ She is the great-granddaughter of Conrad Hilton, the founder of Hilton Hotels.", "Paris Hilton __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised there and in Beverly Hills, California, Hilton began her modeling career as a teenager when she signed with New York-based modeling development agency Trump Model Management.", "Paris Hilton __knowledge__ Her lifestyle and rumored short-lived relationships made her a feature of entertainment news and tabloid magazines, and Hilton was proclaimed \"New York's leading It girl\" in 2001.", "Roses Are Red (band) __knowledge__ Roses Are Red (originally called Nobody Cares) was a rock band formed in Rochester, New York.", "Roses Are Red (band) __knowledge__ The band was signed to Trustkill Records.", "Roses Are Red (band) __knowledge__ Roses Are Red formed in the summer of 2002 from members of other bands around the Western New York area.", "Roses Are Red (band) __knowledge__ It originally featured Vincent Minervino on vocals, Brian and Matthew on guitars, Kevin Mahoney on bass, and Michael Lasaponara on drums.", "Roses Are Red (band) __knowledge__ Just 2 months after forming, the band recorded a 4-song demo and toured on weekends throughout the fall and winter of 2002.", "Roses Are Red (band) __knowledge__ Their first full-length album, \"Handshakes and Heartbreaks\", was released in June 2003 and was followed by a tour of the United States in July and August 2003.", "Cute (Japanese idol group) __knowledge__ Cute, stylized as , was a Japanese idol girl group part of Hello!", "Cute (Japanese idol group) __knowledge__ Project collective produced by Tsunku, who also writes almost all the group's songs.", "Cute (Japanese idol group) __knowledge__ Cute consisted of Maimi Yajima, Saki Nakajima, Airi Suzuki, Chisato Okai, and Mai Hagiwara, who were all members of Hello!", "Cute (Japanese idol group) __knowledge__ Project Kids prior to the group's formation.", "Cute (Japanese idol group) __knowledge__ The original member line-up also consisted of fellow Hello!", "Cute (Japanese idol group) __knowledge__ Project Kids members Megumi Murakami and Erika Umeda, as well as Hello!", "Cute (Japanese idol group) __knowledge__ Project trainee Kanna Arihara, prior to their departure.", "Cute (Japanese idol group) __knowledge__ After releasing a string of independent hits, Cute made its major debut in 2007 with \"Sakura Chirari\" and that year won the Japan Record Award for Best New Artist.", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Afia Masood (also Khan) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Meryl Fernandes.", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Afia appeared in five episodes between 29 December 2009 and 5 January 2010, and returned on 18 November 2010.", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ This is Fernandes' second role in \"EastEnders\", her first being a schoolgirl in 1993.", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Due to Fernandes' character initially being a guest, the character was not announced.", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Afia was introduced as a love interest for Tamwar Masood (Himesh Patel).", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Her father was later introduced as Yusef Khan (Ace Bhatti) who was the former husband of Tamwar's mother, Zainab (Nina Wadia).", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Upon hearing Fernandes' return in late 2010, Patel said he was \"glad\" that he is able to explore another side to Tamwar's character.", "Chi (Chobits) __knowledge__ In two interviews describing the series Chi's creators, Clamp, said it would be much easier if computers could speak to you when they had errors.", "Chi (Chobits) __knowledge__ Chi is voiced by Rie Tanaka in the anime and Georgette Rose in its English counterpart.", "Chi (Chobits) __knowledge__ The manga and anime follow Hideki's find of Chi and their relationship, but differ in the storyline.", "Chi (Chobits) __knowledge__ Chi's critical reception has been mostly positive, with reviewers calling her \"cute\".", "Chi (Chobits) __knowledge__ In addition to Chobits, she is also a crossover character in the series \"\" and is referenced in other works.", "Chi (Chobits) __knowledge__ In an interview when describing Chi's character, Clamp member Satsuki Igarashi stated \"Lately we've been saying that the easiest to understand is Chii from 'Chobits.'", "Denny Miller (Home and Away) __knowledge__ Denise \"Denny\" Miller is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Jessica Grace Smith.", "Denny Miller (Home and Away) __knowledge__ The actress was a fan of the show prior to being cast.", "Denny Miller (Home and Away) __knowledge__ She originally auditioned for the role of Phoebe Nicholson, before she was offered the part of Denny in 2013, a week before she left for Los Angeles.", "Denny Miller (Home and Away) __knowledge__ She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 12 February 2014.", "Denny Miller (Home and Away) __knowledge__ Denny was introduced as the long-lost daughter of Ethan MacGuire (Matt Minto).", "Denny Miller (Home and Away) __knowledge__ She was portrayed as a tough, honest, self-sufficient tomboy.", "Denny Miller (Home and Away) __knowledge__ Shortly after her arrival, Denny was at the centre of a love triangle involving Chris Harrington (Johnny Ruffo) and Casey Braxton (Lincoln Younes).", "Kawaii __knowledge__ The cuteness culture, or \"kawaii\" aesthetic, has become a prominent aspect of Japanese popular culture, entertainment, clothing, food, toys, personal appearance and mannerisms.", "Kawaii __knowledge__ The word \"kawaii\" originally derives from the phrase \"kao hayushi\", which literally means \"(one's) face (is) aglow,\" commonly used to refer to flushing or blushing of the face.", "Kawaii __knowledge__ The second morpheme is cognate with \"-bayu\" in \"mabayui\" (眩い, 目映い, or 目映ゆい) \"dazzling, glaring, blinding, too bright; dazzlingly beautiful\" (\"ma-\" is from 目 \"me\" \"eye\") and \"-hayu\" in \"omohayui\" (面映い or 面映ゆい) \"embarrassed/embarrassing, awkward, feeling self-conscious/making one feel self-conscious\" (\"omo-\" is from 面 \"omo\", an archaic word for \"face, looks, features; surface; image, semblance, vestige\").", "Taruga (amphibian) __knowledge__ Taruga is the only foam-nesting tree frog in the Old World Tree frog family (Rhacophoridae) that is endemic to Sri Lanka.", "Taruga (amphibian) __knowledge__ Genus \"Taruga\" was previously assigned to the genus \"Polypedates\".", "Taruga (amphibian) __knowledge__ As presently understood, \"Taruga\" comprises three named species: \"T. fastigo\", \"T. eques\" and \"T. longinasus\".", "Taruga (amphibian) __knowledge__ Hence two genera of foam-nesting rhacophorid tree frogs are present in Sri Lanka: (1) \"Polypedates\", with many species in India and Asia but just two in Sri Lanka (\"P. maculatus\"— widely distributed in South Asia; and \"P. cruciger\"— endemic to Sri Lanka, albeit widely distributed); and (2) \"Taruga\", the Sri Lankan endemic forms, whose three constituent species (\"T. eques\", \"T. fastigo\" and \"T. longinasus\") each have restricted distributions mostly in the forested highlands.", "Taruga __knowledge__ Taruga is an archeological site in Nigeria famous for the artifacts of the Nok culture that have been discovered there, some dating to 600 BC, and for evidence of very early iron working.", "Taruga __knowledge__ The site is 60 km southeast of Abuja, in the Middle Belt.", "Taruga __knowledge__ Taruga is just one of the sites in central Nigeria where artifacts from the Nok culture have been excavated.", "Taruga __knowledge__ Since 1945, similar figurines and pottery have been found in many other locations in the area, often uncovered accidentally by modern tin miners, and dating from before 500 BC to 200 AD.", "Taruga __knowledge__ The region was probably moister and more heavily wooded during this period than it is today, but was still north of the zone of dense forests.", "Bodyweight exercise __knowledge__ Bodyweight exercises are strength training exercises that do not require free weights or machines as the individual's own weight provides resistance against gravity.", "Bodyweight exercise __knowledge__ It is recognised that bodyweight exercises can enhance a range of biomotor abilities including strength, power, endurance, speed, flexibility, coordination and balance.", "Bodyweight exercise __knowledge__ This type of strength training has grown in popularity for both recreational and professional athletes, with a range of sports disciplines using bodyweight resistance training as part of their fitness programs.", "Bodyweight exercise __knowledge__ Bodyweight training utilises simple abilities such as pushing, pulling, squatting, bending, twisting and balancing.", "Professional wrestling holds __knowledge__ Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by performers to immobilize their opponents or lead to a submission.", "Professional wrestling holds __knowledge__ This article covers the various pins, stretches and transition holds used in the ring.", "Professional wrestling holds __knowledge__ Some wrestlers use these holds as their finishing maneuvers, often nicknaming them to reflect their character or persona.", "Professional wrestling holds __knowledge__ Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.", "Professional wrestling holds __knowledge__ An element borrowed from professional wrestling's catch wrestling origins, stretches (or submission holds) are techniques in which a wrestler holds another in a position that puts stress on the opponent's body.", "Taruga eques __knowledge__ Taruga eques (common names: Günther's whipping frog, montane hour-glass tree-frog) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae.", "Taruga eques __knowledge__ It is endemic to the central hills of Sri Lanka.", "Taruga eques __knowledge__ Adult males measure and females in snout–vent length.", "Taruga eques __knowledge__ It resembles (and has been confused with) \"Taruga fastigo\" but has relatively shorter legs, narrower but longer head, an by the absence of the black line that connects the axilla and groin in \"Taruga fastigo\", or that line being reduced to a band of blackish dots.", "Taruga eques __knowledge__ \"Taruga eques\" inhabits montane tropical moist forests at elevations of above sea level.", "Taruga eques __knowledge__ It is both arboreal and terrestrial, being found in the canopy and on tree trunks as well as in grasses at the edge of ponds.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Taruga fastigo __knowledge__ Taruga fastigo is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae.", "Taruga fastigo __knowledge__ It is endemic to Sri Lanka and only known from its type locality, Morningside Estate near Rakwana.", "Taruga fastigo __knowledge__ Prior to its description in 2001, it was confused with \"Polypedates eques\" (now \"Taruga eques\").", "Taruga fastigo __knowledge__ The specific name \"fastigo\" is Latin for \"sharpened\" and refers to the pointed snout of the species.", "Taruga fastigo __knowledge__ Adult males measure and females in snout–vent length.", "Taruga fastigo __knowledge__ The snout is pointed.", "Taruga fastigo __knowledge__ The canthus rostralis is angular, and the canthal ridges are sharp.", "Taruga fastigo __knowledge__ The tympanum is visible and the supratympanic fold is distinct.", "Taruga fastigo __knowledge__ The fingers and toes have well-developed discs; the fingers are free from webbing whereas the toes are webbed." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Vietnamese Pot-bellied is the exonym for the Lon I () or I pig, an endangered traditional Vietnamese breed of small domestic pig.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is uniformly black and has short legs and a low-hanging belly, from which the name derives; in pregnant sows, the belly may drag on the ground.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is reared for meat.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is slow-growing, but the meat has good flavour.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I was depicted in the traditional Đông Hồ paintings of Bắc Ninh province as a symbol of happiness, satiety and wealth.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The I is a traditional Vietnamese breed.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It is thought to have originated in Nam Định province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ It was the dominant local pig breed in most provinces of the delta, and was widely distributed in Nam Định province and the neighbouring provinces of Hà Nam, Ninh Bình and Thái Bình, as well as in the province of Thanh Hóa immediately to the south, in the North Central Coast region.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ Until the 1970s the I was probably the most numerous pig breed in northern Vietnam, with numbers running into millions.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ From that time, the more productive Móng Cái began to supplant it.", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied __knowledge__ The National Institute of Animal Husbandry of Vietnam started a conservation programme, with subsidies for farmers who reared purebred stock, but this had little benefit – there was some increase in numbers, but at the cost of increased inbreeding.", "Car costs __knowledge__ The car internal costs are all the costs consumers pay to afford owning and running a car.", "Car costs __knowledge__ Normally these private expenditures are divided by fixed or standing costs and variable or running costs.", "Car costs __knowledge__ Fixed costs are those ones which do not depend on the distance travelled by the vehicle and which the owner must pay to keep the vehicle ready for use on the road, like insurance or road taxes.", "Car costs __knowledge__ Variable or running costs are those which depend on the use of the car, like fuel or tolls.", "Car costs __knowledge__ Compared to other popular modes of passenger transportation, especially buses or trains, the car has a relatively high cost per passenger-distance travelled.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Battle of Shuja'iyya __knowledge__ The Battle of Shuja'iyya occurred between the Israel Defense Forces, the Hamas military wing, and the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, on 20 July 2014 during 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict in the Shuja'iyya neighborhood of Gaza City, in the Gaza Strip.", "Battle of Shuja'iyya __knowledge__ Shuja'iyya, with 92,000 people in 6 sq-kilometres, is one of the most densely populated areas of the Gaza Strip.", "Battle of Shuja'iyya __knowledge__ According to the IDF, it had become a \"terrorist fortress\", that between 8 and 20 of July had fired over 140 rockets into Israel after the outbreak of hostilities.", "Battle of Shuja'iyya __knowledge__ The casualty figures are not known with precision, also because bodies were recovered much later, and people died of injuries afterwards.", "Jack Lynch Tunnel __knowledge__ The Jack Lynch Tunnel (Irish: \"Tollán Sheáin Uí Loingsigh\") is an immersed tube tunnel and an integral part of the N40 southern ring road of Cork in Ireland.", "Jack Lynch Tunnel __knowledge__ It is named after former Taoiseach, Jack Lynch, a native of Cork.", "Jack Lynch Tunnel __knowledge__ It takes the road under the River Lee.", "Jack Lynch Tunnel __knowledge__ North of the tunnel, the ring-road joins the M8 motorway to Dublin (north) and N8 road to the city centre (west), with the N25 commencing east to Waterford.", "Jack Lynch Tunnel __knowledge__ The tunnel was completed in May 1999, and carried nearly 40,000 vehicles per day as of 2005.", "Jack Lynch Tunnel __knowledge__ This number rose further as the N40 ring-road's upgrades progressed, with the opening of the Kinsale road roundabout flyover in 2006 and the recently completed upgrades to the Sarsfield Road and Bandon Road Roundabouts.", "Waccamaw Corp. __knowledge__ Waccamaw Corp. was a home furnishings business that started in 1977 as Waccamaw Pottery, a Myrtle Beach, South Carolina based pottery company founded by George Bishop that sold pottery and crafts.", "Waccamaw Corp. __knowledge__ Expansion beyond its original location began in 1982, when the company opened a Burlington, North Carolina location.", "Waccamaw Corp. __knowledge__ Next came Spartanburg, South Carolina in 1983, followed by Rolling Meadows, Illinois (outside Chicago) in 1984 and Dale City, Virginia (a Washington, D.C. suburb) in 1985.", "Waccamaw Corp. __knowledge__ It grew into the home furnishings business in the early 1990s and operated stores throughout the South and Midwest, selling housewares, bedding, cookware, china, and furniture.", "Fansub __knowledge__ A fansub (short for fan-subtitled) is a version of a foreign film or foreign television program which has been translated by fans (as opposed to an officially licensed translation done by professionals) and subtitled into a language other than that of the original.", "Fansub __knowledge__ The practice of making fansubs is called fansubbing and is done by a fansubber.", "Fansub __knowledge__ Fansubbers typically form groups and divide the work up.", "Fansub __knowledge__ The first distribution media of fansubbed material was VHS and Betamax tapes.", "Fansub __knowledge__ Early fansubs were produced using analog video editing equipment.", "Fansub __knowledge__ First, a copy of the original source material or raw was obtained, most commonly from a commercial laserdisc.", "Dell XPS 730x __knowledge__ The Dell XPS 730x is an eXtreme Performance System for gaming and high-performance computing released November 16, 2008 and ended life in August 2009.", "Dell XPS 730x __knowledge__ The XPS 730 series was unique in that they had user-servicable non-proprietary standard ATX-size computer components that allowed the user to upgrade the components through an Exchange Program.", "Dell XPS 730x __knowledge__ \"Need history details based on XPS 700 \"User Upgradable\" series\" There were a number of differences between the 730 and 730x series.", "Dell XPS 730x __knowledge__ Dell warranty support will be available until August 2012.", "Dell XPS 730x __knowledge__ Dell stopped internal development support for the XPS 730x in August, 2009 and has not released any updated BIOS nor software since.", "Tan Son Nhut Air Base __knowledge__ Tan Son Nhut Air Base () (1955–1975) was a Republic of Vietnam Air Force (VNAF) facility.", "Tan Son Nhut Air Base __knowledge__ It is located near the city of Saigon in southern Vietnam.", "Tan Son Nhut Air Base __knowledge__ The United States used it as a major base during the Vietnam War (1959–1975), stationing Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine units there.", "Tan Son Nhut Air Base __knowledge__ Following the Fall of Saigon, it was taken over as a Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) facility and remains in use today.", "Tan Son Nhut Air Base __knowledge__ Tan Son Nhat International Airport, (IATA: SGN, ICAO: VVTS) has been a major Vietnamese civil airport since the 1920s.", "Tan Son Nhut Air Base __knowledge__ Tan Son Nhat Airport was built by the French in the 1920s when the French Colonial government of Indochina constructed a small unpaved airport, known as Tan Son Nhat Airfield, in the village of Tan Son Nhat to serve as Saigon's commercial airport.", "Vietnam War __knowledge__ The Vietnam War (), also known as the Second Indochina War, and also known in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America () or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.", "Vietnam War __knowledge__ It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam.", "Vietnam War __knowledge__ The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies and the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, Australia, Thailand and other anti-communist allies.", "Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group __knowledge__ Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group (MACV-SOG) was a highly classified, multi-service United States special operations unit which conducted covert unconventional warfare operations prior to and during the Vietnam War.", "Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group __knowledge__ Established on 24 January 1964, the unit conducted strategic reconnaissance missions in the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), Laos, and Cambodia; carried out the capture of enemy prisoners, rescued downed pilots, and conducted rescue operations to retrieve prisoners of war throughout Southeast Asia; and conducted clandestine agent team activities and psychological operations.", "John D. Lavelle __knowledge__ John Daniel Lavelle (September 9, 1916 – July 10, 1979) was a United States Air Force general and commander of Seventh Air Force, with headquarters at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Republic of Vietnam.", "John D. Lavelle __knowledge__ Lavelle was removed from his position in 1972 and forced to retire due to alleged misconduct over bombing missions during the Vietnam War while serving as the Seventh Air Force commander.", "John D. Lavelle __knowledge__ Since the ranks of general and lieutenant general are temporary and linked to their corresponding position of assignment, federal law requires senatorial approval for an officer to retire at these higher ranks.", "John D. Lavelle __knowledge__ Due to these allegations the Senate refused to confirm Lavelle's retirement as a four-star or three-star general.", "Economic history of Vietnam __knowledge__ Until French colonization in the middle of the 19th century, Vietnam's economy was mainly agrarian and village-oriented.", "Economic history of Vietnam __knowledge__ French colonizers, however, deliberately developed the regions differently, designating the South for agricultural production and the North for manufacturing.", "Economic history of Vietnam __knowledge__ Though the plan exaggerated regional divisions, the development of exports--coal from the North, rice from the South—and the importation of French manufactured goods stimulated internal commerce.", "Economic history of Vietnam __knowledge__ When the North and South were divided politically in 1954, they also adopted different economic ideologies: communist in the North and capitalist in the South.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Ryan Model 147 __knowledge__ The Ryan Model 147 Lightning Bug was a drone, or unmanned aerial vehicle, developed from the earlier Ryan Firebee target drone series.", "Ryan Model 147 __knowledge__ In 1959, Ryan Aeronautical performed a study to investigate how the company's Firebee target drone could be used for long-range reconnaissance missions.", "Ryan Model 147 __knowledge__ Ryan engineers concluded they could increase the Firebee's range to allow it to fly south over the Soviet Union after launch from the Barents Sea, with recovery in Turkey.", "Ryan Model 147 __knowledge__ The Firebee has a low radar cross-section, making it hard to detect.", "Ryan Model 147 __knowledge__ With lengthened wings, the drone would also be able to fly at high altitude, further increasing its elusiveness." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 9, 11 ]

[ "One of these days I am going to get myself a Vietnamese Pot Bellied pig. They are endangered breeds of small domestic pigs", "I am not sure on the weight, but they have tiny legs, and low hanging bellies", "Until the 1970s they were thriving, with missions in Vietnam. Now, not so much", "They are not cheap. Since they are reared from purebred stock and are endangered." ]

[ "Vietnamese Pot-bellied", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied", "Vietnamese Pot-bellied" ]

[ "Iceland", "That is true", "Really?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "List of True Jackson, VP characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters on the Nickelodeon sitcom True Jackson, VP.", "List of True Jackson, VP characters __knowledge__ This article has character summaries.", "List of True Jackson, VP characters __knowledge__ For an episode list, see \"List of True Jackson, VP episodes\".", "List of True Jackson, VP characters __knowledge__ True Jackson (Keke Palmer) is a 15-year-old girl who was hired by Max Madigan as a Vice President (VP) for Mad Style's Youth Apparel.", "List of True Jackson, VP characters __knowledge__ True is constantly getting into sticky situations that nearly end in her getting fired.", "List of True Jackson, VP characters __knowledge__ Amanda, another VP, is constantly trying to get True fired.", "List of True Jackson, VP characters __knowledge__ True loves to help people, especially Max, even if it may cost her job.", "List of True Jackson, VP characters __knowledge__ She has a huge crush on the company mailman, Jimmy; he also has feelings for her, but she does not know it until the second season.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The syntax of JavaScript is the set of rules that define a correctly structured JavaScript program.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The examples below make use of the log function of the console object present in most browsers for standard text output.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The JavaScript standard library lacks an official standard text output function.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ Given that JavaScript is mainly used for client-side scripting within modern Web browsers, and that almost all Web browsers provide the alert function, alert can also be used, but is not commonly used.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ Brendan Eich summarized the ancestry of the syntax in the first paragraph of the JavaScript 1.1 specification as follows: JavaScript is case sensitive.", "Truth __knowledge__ Truth is most often used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard.", "Truth __knowledge__ Truth may also often be used in modern contexts to refer to an idea of \"truth to self,\" or authenticity.", "Truth __knowledge__ Truth is usually held to be opposite to falsehood, which, correspondingly, can also take on a logical, factual, or ethical meaning.", "Truth __knowledge__ The concept of truth is discussed and debated in several contexts, including philosophy, art, and religion.", "Truth __knowledge__ Many human activities depend upon the concept, where its nature as a concept is assumed rather than being a subject of discussion; these include most of the sciences, law, journalism, and everyday life.", "Liar paradox __knowledge__ In philosophy and logic, the classical liar paradox or liar's paradox is the statement of a liar who states that they are lying: for instance, declaring that \"I am lying\" or \"everything I say is false\".", "Liar paradox __knowledge__ If they are indeed lying, they are telling the truth, which means they are lying.", "Liar paradox __knowledge__ In \"this sentence is a lie\" the paradox is strengthened in order to make it amenable to more rigorous logical analysis.", "Liar paradox __knowledge__ It is still generally called the \"liar paradox\" although abstraction is made precisely from the liar himself.", "Liar paradox __knowledge__ Trying to assign to this statement, the strengthened liar, a classical binary truth value leads to a contradiction.", "Epistemology __knowledge__ Epistemology (; ) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.", "Epistemology __knowledge__ Epistemology studies the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of belief.", "Epistemology __knowledge__ Much of the debate in epistemology centers on four areas: (1) the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to such concepts as truth, belief, and justification, (2) various problems of skepticism, (3) the sources and scope of knowledge and justified belief, and (4) the criteria for knowledge and justification.", "Epistemology __knowledge__ Epistemology addresses such questions as \"What makes justified beliefs justified?", "Epistemology __knowledge__ \", \"What does it mean to say that we know something?\"", "Natural deduction __knowledge__ In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to the \"natural\" way of reasoning.", "Natural deduction __knowledge__ This contrasts with Hilbert-style systems, which instead use axioms as much as possible to express the logical laws of deductive reasoning.", "Natural deduction __knowledge__ Natural deduction grew out of a context of dissatisfaction with the axiomatizations of deductive reasoning common to the systems of Hilbert, Frege, and Russell (see, e.g., Hilbert system).", "Natural deduction __knowledge__ Such axiomatizations were most famously used by Russell and Whitehead in their mathematical treatise \"Principia Mathematica\".", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ This is a listing of significant characters in Charlaine Harris's \"The Southern Vampire Mysteries\" / Sookie Stackhouse novels only.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ HBO created a television series called \"True Blood\" based on the novels.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ Sookie is the main character of \"The Southern Vampire Mysteries\", and resides in the fictional town of Bon Temps, in rural, northern Louisiana.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ In the first novel, \"Dead Until Dark\", she describes herself as being 25 years old, with blond hair and blue eyes.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ She also states: “my legs are strong and my bosom is substantial, and I have a waspy waistline”.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ She is written to wear a ladies size 8-10, most of the time a 10.", "Nordic countries __knowledge__ The Nordic countries or the Nordic are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as \"Norden\" (literally \"the North\").", "Nordic countries __knowledge__ They consist of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, including Greenland and Faroe Islands—which are both constituent countries within the Kingdom of Denmark—and the Åland Islands.", "Nordic countries __knowledge__ The population of the Nordic countries are mainly Scandinavian or Finnish, with Greenlandic Inuit and the Sami people as indigenous minorities, since Scandinavians comprise over three quarters of the region's population and is thus the largest group by far.", "List of companies of Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "List of companies of Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "List of companies of Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "List of companies of Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "List of companies of Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "List of companies of Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland has a market economy with relatively low taxes compared to other OECD countries.", "List of companies of Iceland __knowledge__ It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens.", "List of companies of Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland ranks high in economic, political and social stability and equality.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ The recorded history of Iceland began with the settlement by Viking explorers and their slaves from the east, particularly Norway and the British Isles, in the late ninth century.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland was still uninhabited long after the rest of Western Europe had been settled.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ Recorded settlement has conventionally been dated back to 874, although archaeological evidence indicates Gaelic monks had settled Iceland before that date.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ The land was settled quickly, mainly by Norwegians who may have been fleeing conflict or seeking new land to farm.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ By 930, the chieftains had established a form of governance, the \"Althing\", making it one of the world's oldest parliaments.", "Faroe Islands __knowledge__ The Faroe Islands (; ; , ), sometimes called the Faeroe Islands, is an archipelago between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic, about halfway between Norway and Iceland, north-northwest of Scotland.", "Faroe Islands __knowledge__ The islands are an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark.", "Faroe Islands __knowledge__ Their area is about with a population of 50,322 in October 2017.", "Faroe Islands __knowledge__ The Faroes' terrain is rugged, and the islands have a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc): windy, wet, cloudy, and cool.", "Faroe Islands __knowledge__ Despite this island group's northerly latitude, temperatures average above freezing throughout the year because of the Gulf Stream.", "Faroe Islands __knowledge__ Between 1035 and 1814, the Faroes were part of the Hereditary Kingdom of Norway.", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ This article is about the history of Icelandic nationality.", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ In 930 AD, the constitution of Iceland was instituted which made Iceland a self-governing country with a people’s assembly called the Althing (\"alþingi\").", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ The Althing represented the people and met once a year to make laws and judge important cases.", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ Matters of lesser importance were dealt with by local spring assemblies, regulated by local chiefs.", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ The Althing was an important part of Icelandic culture and would be integral in their struggle to become an independent nation.", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ In 1262 Iceland swore allegiance to the king of Norway, and in 1380 was under the rule of the newly united kingdom of Norway and Denmark.", "Nordic Music Days __knowledge__ Nordic Music Days is the oldest ongoing collaboration among the Nordic countries: a festival for new Nordic music that was founded in 1888 and had its origins in existing musical collaboration.", "Nordic Music Days __knowledge__ It is one of the oldest and best respected festivals for contemporary classical music in the world.", "Nordic Music Days __knowledge__ The festival is unique in the respect that it is arranged by the composers themselves.", "Nordic Music Days __knowledge__ Each year one of members, the national societies of composers, arranges the festival on behalf of the Council of Nordic Composers.", "Nordic Music Days __knowledge__ From the mid-nineteenth century, at regular intervals, song festivals were arranged where choirs from all over the North met." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ \"You Really Got Me\" is a song written by Ray Davies for English rock band the Kinks.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ The song, originally performed in a more blues-oriented style, was inspired by artists such as Lead Belly and Big Bill Broonzy.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ Two versions of the song were recorded, with the second performance being used for the final single.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ Although it was rumoured that future Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page had performed the song's guitar solo, the myth has since been proven false.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ \"You Really Got Me\" was built around power chords (perfect fifths and octaves) and heavily influenced later rock musicians, particularly in the genres of heavy metal and punk rock.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ \"Doesn't Really Matter\" is a song recorded by American singer Janet Jackson for to the 2000 film \"\".", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ The song was released as a single in May 21, 2000, after an unfinished version leaked to radio.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ \"Doesn't Really Matter\" is a contemporary R&B and electropop song which speaks about loving a person for who they are and disregarding their physical appearance.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ It was based on an incomplete poem Jackson had written, which was later applied to her character in the film.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ The song was a contrast from the bleak tone of prior album \"The Velvet Rope\" (1997), returning to a brighter and more contemporary sound.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ \"Nothing Really Matters\" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her seventh studio album, \"Ray of Light\" (1998).", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ It was written by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, and was produced by the singer with William Orbit and Marius De Vries.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ The song was released as the fifth and final single from the album on March 2, 1999 by Maverick Records and Warner Bros. Records.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ An EDM track on which Madonna experiments with different musical genres, \"Nothing Really Matters\" includes ambient music and electronic noise frequencies that were added by De Vries.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ Lyrically, the recording delves on the singer's first daughter Lourdes Leon, having also themes of selfishness, affection, and motherhood.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ The Really Useful Group Ltd. (RUG) is an international company set up in 1977 by Andrew Lloyd Webber.", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ It is involved in theatre, film, television, video and concert productions, merchandising, magazine publishing, records and music publishing.", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ The name is inspired by a phrase from the children's book series \"The Railway Series\" in which Thomas the Tank Engine and other locomotives are referred to as \"Really Useful Engines\".", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ The company was set up in 1977 when Lloyd Webber, frustrated with the terms of his contract with the impresario Robert Stigwood, decided to take greater control over the management of his creative works.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ The Really, Really Free Market (RRFM) movement is a horizontally organized collective of individuals who form a temporary market based on an alternative gift economy.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ RRFM events are often hosted by people unaffiliated with any large organization and are encouraged to sprout up by anyone, at anytime, anywhere.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ The RRFM movement aims to counteract capitalism in a proactive way by creating a positive example to challenge the myths of scarcity and competition.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ The name Really Really Free Market is itself a play on words: it is a reinterpretation and re-envisioning of the term Free Market which generally refers to an economy of consumerism governed by supply and demand.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The Netherlands (; ), also known informally as Holland, is a country in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ Together with three island territories in the Caribbean (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), it forms the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The European portion of the Netherlands consists of twelve provinces and borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders in the North Sea with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht (forming the Randstad megalopolis) and Eindhoven (leading the Brabantse Stedenrij).", "Sweden __knowledge__ Sweden ( ; ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.", "Sweden __knowledge__ It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.", "Sweden __knowledge__ At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Sweden has a total population of 10 million of which 2.3 million has a foreign background.", "Sweden __knowledge__ It has a low population density of ; the highest concentration is in the southern half of the country.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.", "Sweden __knowledge__ Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats (Swedish Götar) and Swedes (Svear) and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen.", "Philippines __knowledge__ The Philippines (; or ' ), officially the Republic of the Philippines () is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia.", "Philippines __knowledge__ Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.", "Philippines __knowledge__ The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila.", "Philippines __knowledge__ Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.", "Renewable energy in Scotland __knowledge__ The production of renewable energy in Scotland is an issue that has come to the fore in technical, economic, and political terms during the opening years of the 21st century.", "Renewable energy in Scotland __knowledge__ The natural resource base for renewable energy is extraordinary by European, and even global standards, with the most important potential sources being wind, wave, and tide.", "Renewable energy in Scotland __knowledge__ In 2015, Scotland generated 59% of its electricity consumption through renewable sources, exceeding the country's lofty goal of 50% renewable energy by 2015.", "Renewable energy in Scotland __knowledge__ Moving forward, the Scottish Government's energy plan calls for 100% of electricity consumption to be generated through renewable sources by 2020, and 50% of total energy consumption (including transportation) by 2030.", "History of Palestine __knowledge__ The history of Palestine is the study of the past in the region of Palestine, generally defined as a geographic region in the Southern Levant between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River (where Israel and Palestine are today), and various adjoining lands.", "History of Palestine __knowledge__ Situated at a strategic point between Europe, Asia, and Africa, and the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity, the region has a long and tumultuous history as a crossroads for religion, culture, commerce, and politics.", "History of Palestine __knowledge__ The Palestine region or parts of it have been controlled by numerous different peoples and regional powers, including the Canaanites, Amorites, Ancient Egyptians, Israelites, Moabites, Ammonites, Tjeker, Philistines, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, different dynasties of the Early Muslim period (Umayads, Abbasids, Seljuqs, Fatimids), Crusaders, Late Muslim dynasties (Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottoman Turks), the British, Jordanians (1948–1967, on the \"West Bank\") and Egyptians (in Gaza), and modern Israelis and Palestinians.", "New England town __knowledge__ The New England town (generally referred to simply as a town in New England) is the basic unit of local government and local division of state authority in each of the six New England states and without a direct counterpart in most other U.S. states.", "New England town __knowledge__ New England towns overlay the entire area of a state, similar to civil townships in other states where they exist, but they are fully functioning municipal corporations, possessing powers similar to cities in other states.", "New England town __knowledge__ New Jersey's system of equally powerful townships, boroughs, towns, and cities is the system which is most similar to that of New England." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Iceland is a Nordic island country of Europe", "It would shock you to know that it is the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "The headquarters biggest city is Reykjavík" ]

[ "Iceland", "Iceland", "Iceland" ]

[ "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "What genre of music are they?", "Oh okay then. Who's the lead singer?", "Was Anthony Kiedis from Los Angeles too then?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ Genre studies is an academic subject which studies genre theory as a branch of general critical theory in several different fields, including the literary or artistic, linguistic, or rhetorical.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ Literary genre studies is a structuralist approach to the study of genre and genre theory in literary theory, film theory, and other cultural theories.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ The study of a genre in this way examines the structural elements that combine in the telling of a story and finds patterns in collections of stories.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ When these elements (or semiotic codes) begin to carry inherent information, a genre emerges.", "Genre studies __knowledge__ Linguistic genre studies is best described by two schools of literary genre, the Systemic Functional Linguistics or \"SFL\", scholars of this school believe that language structure is an integral part of a text's social context and function.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to \"metal\") during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ At times heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ They may differ in terms of: instrumentation, tempo, song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal is a style of heavy metal and alternative rock which emerged in the mid-1980s, and gained popularity in the early 1990s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal usually combines heavy metal with influences from genres like alternative rock, and in some cases other genres not normally associated with metal as well.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Genre __knowledge__ Genre (; ) is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.)", "Genre __knowledge__ with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time.", "Genre __knowledge__ Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature, music, or other forms of art or entertainment, whether written or spoken, audio or visual, based on some set of stylistic criteria, yet genres can be aesthetic, rhetorical, communicative, or functional.", "Genre __knowledge__ Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued.", "Genre __knowledge__ Often, works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Michael Peter Balzary (born 16 October 1962), better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as bassist and founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear, and Jane's Addiction.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ He has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, and Young MC.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Rolling Stone\" readers ranked Flea the second best bassist of all time, behind only John Entwistle.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Anthony Kiedis ( ; born November 1, 1962) is an American musician who is the lead singer and primary songwriter of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, which he has fronted since its inception in 1983.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Margaret \"Peggy\" (Noble) and actor John Michael Kiedis, known professionally as Blackie Dammett.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather's family emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1900s; the remainder of his ancestry includes English, French, Dutch, and Mohican.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ In 1966, when he was three years old, his parents divorced.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992, and again from 1998 until 2009.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He recorded five studio albums with them.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ Frusciante has an active solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, Trickfinger.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He has also recorded with numerous other artists, including the Mars Volta, for whom he was a studio guitarist (and occasional live performer) from 2002 until 2008; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, with whom he released two albums as Ataxia; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers is an alternative rock band formed in 1983 in Los Angeles, California.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have received a total of nineteen awards and 65 nominations world-wide throughout their career.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ These include a total six Grammy Award wins out of sixteen nominations.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ 2006's Stadium Arcadium was the band's first album nominated for the Album of the Year Grammy award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers have also received 28 nominations for MTV Music Video Awards, including Video of the Year, for the song \"Under the Bridge\" and in 2000, the Video Vanguard Award.", "List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers and many of their works have had great critical acclaim.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ Mother's Milk is the fourth studio album by American funk rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, released on August 16, 1989, by EMI Records.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ After the death of founding guitarist Hillel Slovak and subsequent departure of drummer Jack Irons, vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea regrouped with the addition of guitarist John Frusciante and drummer Chad Smith.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ Frusciante's influence altered the band's sound by placing more emphasis on melody than rhythm, which had dominated the band's previous material.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ Returning producer Michael Beinhorn favored heavy metal guitar riffs as well as overdubbing that was perceived by Frusciante as excessive, and as a result Beinhorn and Frusciante constantly fought over the album's guitar sound.", "The Uplift Mofo Party Plan __knowledge__ The Uplift Mofo Party Plan is the third studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, released on September 29, 1987 by EMI Records.", "The Uplift Mofo Party Plan __knowledge__ Due to prior obligations resulting in temporary personnel changes following the band's formation in 1983, \"The Uplift Mofo Party Plan\" is the only studio album to feature all four founding members of the band on every single track: vocalist Anthony Kiedis, bassist Flea, guitarist Hillel Slovak, and drummer Jack Irons.", "The Uplift Mofo Party Plan __knowledge__ \"Fight Like a Brave\" was released as the album's only single however \"Me and My Friends\" received minor radio airplay even though it was never released as a single." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ Ookla the Mok is a filk band fronted by Rand Bellavia and Adam English.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ The two met as undergraduates while attending Houghton College in 1988.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ The band is named after a character from the Ruby-Spears Productions cartoon \"Thundarr the Barbarian\", created by Steve Gerber.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ They provided the theme song to Disney's \"Fillmore!", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ \", and scored the feature film \"Bite Me, Fanboy!\"", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ They have won four Pegasus Awards for excellence in filk music, and the 2014 Logan Award for Outstanding Original Comedy Song (\"Mwahaha\").", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ Ookla the Mok had the most requested song on Dr. Demento's syndicated radio show in both 2012 (\"Tantric Yoda\") and 2013.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ In 2000 and 2003, the professional explorer, Phil Buck, led international teams across the Pacific Ocean from South America to Easter Island via two separate ancient style reed rafts.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ Both vessels were constructed in their entirety from only four Andean materials; totora reeds, natural fiber rope, cotton sails and wood.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ No one in recorded history has been able to reach the most isolated populated island in the world aboard an any ancient style vessel of any kind.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ The Viracocha expeditions proved that ancient South American mariners could have been the first to discover Easter Island.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ Who first reached the island and carved the numerous stone monoliths (or Moai) still remains one of antiquities greatest mysteries and has baffled the scientific community for centuries.", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "The Temptations __knowledge__ The Temptations are an American vocal group who released a series of successful singles and albums with Motown Records during the 1960s and 1970s; their work with producer Norman Whitfield, which started with the Top 10 hit single \"Cloud Nine\" in October 1968, pioneered psychedelic soul, and was significant in the evolution of R&B and soul music.", "The Temptations __knowledge__ The band members are known for their choreography, distinct harmonies, and flashy wardrobe.", "The Temptations __knowledge__ Having sold tens of millions of albums, the Temptations are one of the most successful groups in music history.", "The Temptations __knowledge__ Featuring five male vocalists and dancers (save for brief periods with fewer or more members), the group formed in 1960 in Detroit, Michigan under the name \"The Elgins\".", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Alice in Chains is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1987 by guitarist/vocalist Jerry Cantrell and drummer Sean Kinney, who then recruited bassist Mike Starr and lead vocalist Layne Staley.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Mike Starr was replaced in 1993 by Mike Inez.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ The band took its name from Staley's previous group, the glam metal band Alice N' Chains.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Although widely associated with grunge music, the band's sound incorporates heavy metal elements.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Since its formation, Alice in Chains has released five studio albums, three EPs, three live albums, four compilations, two DVDs, 30 music videos and 28 singles.", "Lead vocalist __knowledge__ The lead vocalist, main vocalist, lead vocals or lead singer in popular music is typically the member of a group or band whose voice is the most prominent in a performance where multiple voices may be heard.", "Lead vocalist __knowledge__ The lead singer either leads the vocal ensemble, or sets against the ensemble as the dominant sound.", "Lead vocalist __knowledge__ In vocal group performances, notably in soul and gospel music, and early rock and roll, the lead singer takes the main vocal part, with a chorus provided by other band members as backing vocalists.", "Lead vocalist __knowledge__ Especially in rock music, the lead singer or solo singer is often the front man or front woman, who may also play one or more instruments and is often seen as the leader or spokesman of the band by the public.", "Funk __knowledge__ Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid-1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B).", "Funk __knowledge__ Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions used in other related genres and brings a strong rhythmic groove of a bass line played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer to the foreground.", "Funk __knowledge__ Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves.", "Funk __knowledge__ Funk uses the same richly colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths.", "Johnny Socko __knowledge__ Johnny Socko was an American third wave ska band formed in Bloomington, Indiana in 1990, it was founded by Dylan Wissing.", "Johnny Socko __knowledge__ Originally signed to BiB Records and later Asian Man Records, they later started their own record label, Triple R Records.", "Johnny Socko __knowledge__ They were known as a band that toured heavily, having performed over 2,000 shows since their inception, but are currently on hiatus.", "Johnny Socko __knowledge__ One of their songs, \"Full Trucker Effect\" is used in its entirety as part of the introduction to the \"Bubba The Love Sponge\" show on Sirius Satellite Radio.", "Johnny Socko __knowledge__ The band takes its name from \"Johnny Sokko and his Flying Robot\", a 1960s Japanese action television show.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "Reggae genres __knowledge__ There are several subgenres of reggae music including various predecessors to the form.", "Reggae genres __knowledge__ Reggae grew out of earlier musical styles such as mento, ska and rocksteady.", "Reggae genres __knowledge__ Mento is a Jamaican folk music based on traditions brought to Jamaica by West African slaves which blended with later influences such as the quadrille.", "Reggae genres __knowledge__ Mento reached its peak of popularity in the 1950s with the success of acts such as Louise Bennett, Count Lasher, Lord Flea, Laurel Aitken, and Harry Belafonte, but is sometimes confused with calypso, a similar style from Trinidad.", "Reggae genres __knowledge__ Ska began in the 1950s, coinciding with Jamaica's independence from Great Britain.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to \"metal\") during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ At times heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ They may differ in terms of: instrumentation, tempo, song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal is a style of heavy metal and alternative rock which emerged in the mid-1980s, and gained popularity in the early 1990s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal usually combines heavy metal with influences from genres like alternative rock, and in some cases other genres not normally associated with metal as well.", "The Sexual Side Effects __knowledge__ The Sexual Side Effects (SSE) are an independent American rock band formed in Atlanta, GA in 2011.", "The Sexual Side Effects __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on post-punk and glam rock along with elements from other genres such as space rock and psychedelic rock.", "The Sexual Side Effects __knowledge__ The band consists of Amber Taylor (guitar, vocals), Clay McClure (drums), Mike Sidner (bass), and recently added guitarist Ryan McDougall.", "The Sexual Side Effects __knowledge__ Amber Taylor is a transgender musician who began playing around the Atlanta music scene in 2000.", "The Sexual Side Effects __knowledge__ She was in the progressive rock band Cobweb Strange at one point and was a featured headliner at the Pat Briggs Glitterdome in 2003." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis and Flea.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Anthony Kiedis ( ; born November 1, 1962) is an American musician who is the lead singer and primary songwriter of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, which he has fronted since its inception in 1983.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ Kiedis was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Margaret \"Peggy\" (Noble) and actor John Michael Kiedis, known professionally as Blackie Dammett.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather's family emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1900s; the remainder of his ancestry includes English, French, Dutch, and Mohican.", "Anthony Kiedis __knowledge__ In 1966, when he was three years old, his parents divorced.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Michael Peter Balzary (born 16 October 1962), better known by his stage name Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor best known as bassist and founding member of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear, and Jane's Addiction.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ He has also performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ Flea has also collaborated with artists including The Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, and Young MC.", "Flea (musician) __knowledge__ In 2009, \"Rolling Stone\" readers ranked Flea the second best bassist of all time, behind only John Entwistle.", "The Getaway World Tour __knowledge__ The Getaway World Tour was a concert tour by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers that was in support of their eleventh studio album, \"The Getaway\" which was released on June 17, 2016.", "The Getaway World Tour __knowledge__ It marked the first time since June 2014 that the band has toured.", "The Getaway World Tour __knowledge__ The tour began with benefit shows and North American festival dates in February 2016 followed by a summer festival tour with dates in Europe, Asia and North America starting in May 2016 and ending in August 2016.", "The Getaway World Tour __knowledge__ The headlining tour to support the album began in Europe in September 2016 and lasted until the end of the year with the North American tour beginning in January 2017 and concluded in July 2017.", "The Uplift Mofo Party Plan __knowledge__ The Uplift Mofo Party Plan is the third studio album by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, released on September 29, 1987 by EMI Records.", "The Uplift Mofo Party Plan __knowledge__ Due to prior obligations resulting in temporary personnel changes following the band's formation in 1983, \"The Uplift Mofo Party Plan\" is the only studio album to feature all four founding members of the band on every single track: vocalist Anthony Kiedis, bassist Flea, guitarist Hillel Slovak, and drummer Jack Irons.", "The Uplift Mofo Party Plan __knowledge__ \"Fight Like a Brave\" was released as the album's only single however \"Me and My Friends\" received minor radio airplay even though it was never released as a single.", "One Hot Minute __knowledge__ One Hot Minute is the sixth studio album by the American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, released on September 12, 1995, on Warner Bros. Records.", "One Hot Minute __knowledge__ The worldwide success of the band's previous album, \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\" (1991), caused guitarist John Frusciante to become uncomfortable with their status, eventually quitting mid-tour in 1992.", "One Hot Minute __knowledge__ Vocalist Anthony Kiedis, who had resumed addictions to cocaine and heroin in 1994 after being sober for more than five years, approached his lyricism with a reflective outlook on drugs and their harsh effects.", "One Hot Minute __knowledge__ \"One Hot Minute\" was a commercial disappointment despite producing three hit singles and reaching number four on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Hillel Slovak (; April 13, 1962 – June 25, 1988) was an Israeli American musician best known as the original guitarist and founding member of the Los Angeles rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Prior to his death of a heroin overdose in 1988, Slovak recorded two albums with the band, \"Freaky Styley\" (1985) and \"The Uplift Mofo Party Plan\" (1987).", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ His guitar work was primarily rooted in funk and hard rock, although he often experimented with other genres including reggae and speed metal.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ He is considered to have been a major influence on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' early sound.", "Hillel Slovak __knowledge__ Born in Haifa, Israel, Slovak immigrated with his family to the United States in 1967 when he was five years old.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ Mother's Milk is the fourth studio album by American funk rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, released on August 16, 1989, by EMI Records.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ After the death of founding guitarist Hillel Slovak and subsequent departure of drummer Jack Irons, vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea regrouped with the addition of guitarist John Frusciante and drummer Chad Smith.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ Frusciante's influence altered the band's sound by placing more emphasis on melody than rhythm, which had dominated the band's previous material.", "Mother's Milk __knowledge__ Returning producer Michael Beinhorn favored heavy metal guitar riffs as well as overdubbing that was perceived by Frusciante as excessive, and as a result Beinhorn and Frusciante constantly fought over the album's guitar sound.", "Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song) __knowledge__ \"Give It Away\" is a song by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers from the group's fifth studio album, \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\".", "Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song) __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from their album on September 4, 1991, by Warner Bros. Records.", "Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song) __knowledge__ The music was written by guitarist John Frusciante and bassist Flea during a jam session months prior to the album recording sessions.", "Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song) __knowledge__ Vocalist Anthony Kiedis wrote the song's most prevalent lyrical refrain in response to an experience he shared with former girlfriend Nina Hagen regarding altruistic behavior and the value of selflessness.", "Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song) __knowledge__ \"Give It Away\" went on to achieve international fame, reaching number one on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks in late 1991, giving the band their first ever number one single.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992, and again from 1998 until 2009.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He recorded five studio albums with them.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ Frusciante has an active solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, Trickfinger.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He has also recorded with numerous other artists, including the Mars Volta, for whom he was a studio guitarist (and occasional live performer) from 2002 until 2008; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, with whom he released two albums as Ataxia; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 5 ]

[ "i love listening to the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983", "The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk", "Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and some others", "i think so, Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide" ]

[ "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "Red Hot Chili Peppers", "Red Hot Chili Peppers" ]

[ "IPhone", "I don't like Apple I prefer android OS.", "What game consoles? I haven't heard of any major ones like that.", "Well yeah, but that's not a game console. It's a little different." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Other functionality, such as video games, reference works, and social networking, can be enabled by downloading mobile apps.", "IPhone __knowledge__ , Apple's App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Apple has released eleven generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the eleven major releases of the iOS operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The original first-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents, such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Other functionality, such as video games, reference works, and social networking, can be enabled by downloading mobile apps.", "IPhone __knowledge__ , Apple's App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Apple has released eleven generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the eleven major releases of the iOS operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The original first-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents, such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ In addition, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Variants of Android are also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and other electronics.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, with the first commercial Android device launched in September 2008.", "HTC Evo 4G __knowledge__ The HTC Evo 4G (trademarked in capitals as EVO 4G, also marketed as HTC EVO WiMAX ISW11HT in Japan) is a smartphone developed by HTC Corporation and marketed as Sprint's flagship Android smartphone, running on its WiMAX network.", "HTC Evo 4G __knowledge__ The smartphone launched on June 4, 2010 and was the first 4G enabled smartphone released in the United States.", "HTC Evo 4G __knowledge__ During development, the device was known as the HTC \"Supersonic\", which was leaked through the Internet and was known as a variant of the HTC HD2 running Android.", "HTC Evo 4G __knowledge__ The EVO was released on June 4, 2010 in the United States through Sprint.", "HTC Evo 4G __knowledge__ The device became the top-selling launch day phone on Sprint, surpassing the Palm Pre, Samsung Instinct and Motorola Razr V3.", "Mobile operating system __knowledge__ A mobile operating system (or mobile OS) is an operating system for phones, tablets, smartwatches, or other mobile devices.", "Mobile operating system __knowledge__ While computers such as typical laptops are 'mobile', the operating systems usually used on them are not considered mobile ones, as they were originally designed for desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific \"mobile\" features.", "Mobile operating system __knowledge__ This distinction is becoming blurred in some newer operating systems that are hybrids made for both uses.", "Mobile operating system __knowledge__ Mobile operating systems combine features of a personal computer operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use; usually including, and most of the following considered essential in modern mobile systems; a touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi Protected Access, Wi-Fi, Global Positioning System (GPS) mobile navigation, video- and single-frame picture cameras, speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, near field communication, and infrared blaster.", "Tablet computer __knowledge__ A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a portable PC, typically with a mobile operating system and LCD touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single thin, flat package.", "Tablet computer __knowledge__ Tablets, being computers, do what other personal computers do, but lack some I/O capabilities that others have.", "Tablet computer __knowledge__ Modern tablets largely resemble modern smartphones, the only differences being that tablets are relatively larger than smartphones, with screens or larger, measured diagonally, and may not support access to a cellular network.", "Tablet computer __knowledge__ The touchscreen display uses gestures by finger or stylus instead of the mouse, trackpad and keyboard of larger computers.", "History of tablet computers __knowledge__ The history of tablet computers and the associated special operating software is an example of pen computing technology, and thus the development of tablets has deep historical roots.", "History of tablet computers __knowledge__ The first patent for a system that recognized handwritten characters by analyzing the handwriting motion was granted in 1914.", "History of tablet computers __knowledge__ The first publicly demonstrated system using a tablet and handwriting recognition instead of a keyboard for working with a modern digital computer dates to 1956.", "History of tablet computers __knowledge__ In addition to many academic and research systems, there were several companies with commercial products in the 1980s: Pencept, Communications Intelligence Corporation, and Linus were among the best known of a crowded field.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ BlackBerry Limited is a Canadian multinational company specializing in enterprise software and the Internet of things.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ Originally known as Research In Motion (RIM), it is best known to the general public as the former developer of the BlackBerry brand of smartphones, and tablets, it transitioned to an enterprise software and services company under CEO John S. Chen.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ Its products are used worldwide by various businesses, car makers, and government agencies, and include the AtHoc crisis communications platform, the QNX real-time operating system, and BlackBerry UEM, an endpoint management platform.", "IOS __knowledge__ iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its hardware.", "IOS __knowledge__ It is the operating system that presently powers many of the company's mobile devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch.", "IOS __knowledge__ It is the second most popular mobile operating system globally after Android.", "IOS __knowledge__ Originally unveiled in 2007 for the iPhone, iOS has been extended to support other Apple devices such as the iPod Touch (September 2007) and the iPad (January 2010).", "IOS __knowledge__ , Apple's App Store contains more than 2.2 million iOS applications, 1 million of which are native for iPads.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple's software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, or Xcode.", "MacOS __knowledge__ macOS (; previously , then ) is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001.", "MacOS __knowledge__ It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac family of computers.", "MacOS __knowledge__ Within the market of desktop, laptop and home computers, and by web usage, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows.", "MacOS __knowledge__ macOS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems.", "MacOS __knowledge__ The first is colloquially called the \"classic\" Mac OS, which was introduced in 1984, and the final release of which was Mac OS 9 in 1999.", "MacOS __knowledge__ The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released in March 2001, with its first update, 10.1, arriving later that year.", "IPhone 4S __knowledge__ The iPhone 4S (retroactively stylized with a lowercase 's' as iPhone 4s as of September 2013) is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 4S __knowledge__ It is the fifth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 4 and preceding the iPhone 5.", "IPhone 4S __knowledge__ Announced on October 4, 2011 at Apple's Cupertino campus, its media coverage was accompanied by news of the death of former Apple CEO and co-founder Steve Jobs on the following day.", "IPhone 4S __knowledge__ Orders could be placed on October 7, 2011 and mainstream availability in retail stores began on October 14, 2011 in the United States, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan.", "IOS 11 __knowledge__ iOS 11 is the eleventh major release of the iOS mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc., being the successor to iOS 10.", "IOS 11 __knowledge__ It was announced at the company's Worldwide Developers Conference on June 5, 2017, and released on September 19, 2017.", "IOS 11 __knowledge__ Among iOS 11's changes: the lock screen and Notification Center are combined, allowing all notifications to be displayed directly on the lock screen.", "IOS 11 __knowledge__ The various pages of the Control Center are unified, gaining custom settings and the ability to 3D Touch icons for more options.", "IOS 11 __knowledge__ The App Store receives a visual overhaul to focus on editorial content and daily highlights.", "IOS jailbreaking __knowledge__ iOS jailbreaking is privilege escalation for the process of removing software restrictions imposed by Apple on iOS and tvOS.", "IOS jailbreaking __knowledge__ It typically does this by using a series of kernel patches.", "IOS jailbreaking __knowledge__ Jailbreaking permits root access to iOS, allowing the downloading and installation of additional applications, extensions, and themes that are unavailable through the official Apple App Store.", "IOS jailbreaking __knowledge__ iOS jailbreaking dates back to the original iPhone in July 2007.", "IOS jailbreaking __knowledge__ Apple has responded with updates to iOS: patching exploits and upgrading hardware.", "IOS jailbreaking __knowledge__ Jailbreaking communities have not been legally threatened.", "IOS jailbreaking __knowledge__ The legal status of jailbreaking is unclear in most countries; while many prohibit tampering with digital locks, they tolerate jailbreaks that do not infringe on copyrights." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Other functionality, such as video games, reference works, and social networking, can be enabled by downloading mobile apps.", "IPhone __knowledge__ , Apple's App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Apple has released eleven generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the eleven major releases of the iOS operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The original first-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents, such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations.", "Video game console __knowledge__ A video game console is an electronic, digital or computer device that outputs a video signal or visual image to display a video game that one or more people can play.", "Video game console __knowledge__ The term \"video game console\" is primarily used to distinguish a console machine primarily designed for consumers to use for playing video games, in contrast to arcade machines or home computers.", "Video game console __knowledge__ An arcade machine consists of a video game computer, display, game controller (joystick, buttons, etc.)", "Video game console __knowledge__ and speakers housed in large chassis.", "Video game console __knowledge__ A home computer is a personal computer designed for home use for a variety of purposes, such as bookkeeping, accessing the Internet and playing video games.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Rocket League __knowledge__ Rocket League is a vehicular soccer video game developed and published by Psyonix.", "Rocket League __knowledge__ The game was first released for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4 in July 2015, with ports for Xbox One, OS X, Linux, and Nintendo Switch later being released.", "Rocket League __knowledge__ In June 2016, 505 Games began distributing a physical retail version for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, with Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment taking over those duties by the end of 2017.", "Rocket League __knowledge__ Described as \"soccer, but with rocket-powered cars\", \"Rocket League\" has one to four players assigned to each of the two teams, using rocket-powered vehicles to hit a ball into their opponent's goal and score points over the course of a match.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ A home video game console, or simply home console, is a video game device that is primarily used for home gamers, as opposed to in arcades or some other commercial establishment.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ Home consoles are one type of video game consoles, in contrast to the handheld game consoles which are smaller and portable, allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or place, along with microconsoles and dedicated consoles.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ Below is a timeline of each generation with the top three home video consoles of each generation based on worldwide sales.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ For a complete list of home video consoles released in each generation please see the respective article of each generation.", "Nintendo Entertainment System __knowledge__ The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo.", "Nintendo Entertainment System __knowledge__ It was initially released in Japan as the (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986 and 1987, and Australia in 1987.", "Nintendo Entertainment System __knowledge__ In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 \"Hyeondae Keomboi\") and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics.", "Nintendo Entertainment System __knowledge__ The best-selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalize the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983.", "Home computer __knowledge__ Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s.", "Home computer __knowledge__ They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user.", "Home computer __knowledge__ These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering-oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC, and were generally less powerful in terms of memory and expandability.", "Home computer __knowledge__ However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporary business computers.", "Handheld game console __knowledge__ A handheld game console is a small, portable self-contained video game console with a built-in screen, game controls, and speakers.", "Handheld game console __knowledge__ Handheld game consoles are smaller than home video game consoles and contain the console, screen, speakers, and controls in one unit, allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or place.", "Handheld game console __knowledge__ In 1976, Mattel introduced the first handheld electronic game with the release of \"Auto Race\".", "Handheld game console __knowledge__ Later, several companies—including Coleco and Milton Bradley—made their own single-game, lightweight table-top or handheld electronic game devices.", "Handheld game console __knowledge__ The oldest true handheld game console with interchangeable cartridges is the Milton Bradley Microvision in 1979.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ In addition, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Variants of Android are also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and other electronics.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, with the first commercial Android device launched in September 2008." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Other functionality, such as video games, reference works, and social networking, can be enabled by downloading mobile apps.", "IPhone __knowledge__ , Apple's App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Apple has released eleven generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the eleven major releases of the iOS operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The original first-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents, such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations.", "Video game console __knowledge__ A video game console is an electronic, digital or computer device that outputs a video signal or visual image to display a video game that one or more people can play.", "Video game console __knowledge__ The term \"video game console\" is primarily used to distinguish a console machine primarily designed for consumers to use for playing video games, in contrast to arcade machines or home computers.", "Video game console __knowledge__ An arcade machine consists of a video game computer, display, game controller (joystick, buttons, etc.)", "Video game console __knowledge__ and speakers housed in large chassis.", "Video game console __knowledge__ A home computer is a personal computer designed for home use for a variety of purposes, such as bookkeeping, accessing the Internet and playing video games.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Handheld game console __knowledge__ A handheld game console is a small, portable self-contained video game console with a built-in screen, game controls, and speakers.", "Handheld game console __knowledge__ Handheld game consoles are smaller than home video game consoles and contain the console, screen, speakers, and controls in one unit, allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or place.", "Handheld game console __knowledge__ In 1976, Mattel introduced the first handheld electronic game with the release of \"Auto Race\".", "Handheld game console __knowledge__ Later, several companies—including Coleco and Milton Bradley—made their own single-game, lightweight table-top or handheld electronic game devices.", "Handheld game console __knowledge__ The oldest true handheld game console with interchangeable cartridges is the Milton Bradley Microvision in 1979.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ A home video game console, or simply home console, is a video game device that is primarily used for home gamers, as opposed to in arcades or some other commercial establishment.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ Home consoles are one type of video game consoles, in contrast to the handheld game consoles which are smaller and portable, allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or place, along with microconsoles and dedicated consoles.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ Below is a timeline of each generation with the top three home video consoles of each generation based on worldwide sales.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ For a complete list of home video consoles released in each generation please see the respective article of each generation.", "PlayStation __knowledge__ The original console in the series was the first video game console to ship 100 million units, 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch.", "PlayStation __knowledge__ Its successor, the PlayStation 2, was released in 2000.", "PlayStation __knowledge__ The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling home console to date, having reached over 155 million units sold as of December 28, 2012.", "PlayStation __knowledge__ Sony's next console, the PlayStation 3, was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013.", "PlayStation __knowledge__ Sony's latest console, the PlayStation 4, was released in 2013, selling 1 million consoles in its first 24 hours on sale, becoming the fastest selling console in history.", "List of commercial failures in video gaming __knowledge__ As a hit-driven business, the great majority of the video game industry's software releases have been commercial failures.", "List of commercial failures in video gaming __knowledge__ In the early 21st century, industry commentators made these general estimates: 10% of published games generated 90% of revenue; that around 3% of PC games and 15% of console games have global sales of 100,000+ a year, with even this level insufficient to make high-budget titles profitable; and that about 20% of games make a profit.", "List of commercial failures in video gaming __knowledge__ Some of these have drastically changed the video game market since its birth in the late 1970s.", "List of commercial failures in video gaming __knowledge__ For example, the failures of \"E.T.\"", "List of commercial failures in video gaming __knowledge__ and \"Pac-Man\" for the Atari 2600 contributed to the video game crash of 1983.", "Nintendo video game consoles __knowledge__ The Japanese multinational consumer electronics company Nintendo has developed seven home video game consoles and multiple portable consoles for use with external media, as well as dedicated consoles and other hardware for their consoles.", "Nintendo video game consoles __knowledge__ , Nintendo has sold over 722.22 million hardware units.", "Nintendo video game consoles __knowledge__ Although the company had earlier released Color TV Game and Game & Watch, which were their first and second systems respectfully, they did not achieve worldwide success until the release of the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1983.", "Nintendo video game consoles __knowledge__ The NES restarted the video game industry after the video game crash of 1983, and was an international success.", "Role-playing video game __knowledge__ A role-playing video game (commonly referred to as role-playing game or RPG, as well as computer role-playing game or CRPG) is a video game genre where the player controls the actions of a character (and/or several party members) immersed in some well-defined world.", "Role-playing video game __knowledge__ Many role-playing video games have origins in tabletop role-playing games (Including \"Dungeons & Dragons\") and use much of the same , settings and game mechanics.", "Role-playing video game __knowledge__ Other major similarities with pen-and-paper games include developed story-telling and narrative elements, player character development, complexity, as well as replayability and immersion.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Video game controversies are societal and scientific arguments about whether the content of video games change the behavior and attitudes of a player, and whether this is reflected in video game culture overall.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized their use as an expressive medium, arguing for their protection under the laws governing freedom of speech and also as an educational tool.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Detractors argue that video games are harmful and therefore should be subject to legislative oversight and restrictions.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ The positive and negative characteristics and effects of video games are the subject of scientific study.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ A video game genre is a specific category of games related by similar gameplay characteristics.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Genres are not usually defined by the actual content of the game or its medium of play, but by its common challenge.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Genres may encompass a wide variety of games, leading to even more specific classifications called \"subgenres\".", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ For example, an action game can be classified into many subgenres such as platform games and fighting games.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Some games, most notably browser and mobile games, are commonly classified into multiple genres.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ The following is a list of all commonly defined video game genres, with short descriptions for individual genres and major subgenres.", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "Video game addiction __knowledge__ Video game addiction (VGA) is a hypothetical behavioral addiction characterized by excessive or compulsive use of computer games or video games, which interferes with a person's everyday life.", "Video game addiction __knowledge__ Video game addiction may present itself as compulsive gaming, social isolation, mood swings, diminished imagination, and hyper-focus on in-game achievements, to the exclusion of other events in life.", "Video game addiction __knowledge__ In May 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) proposed criteria for video game addiction in the 5th edition of the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\", concluding that there was insufficient evidence to include it as an official mental disorder.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Eastern role-playing video games are role-playing video games developed in East Asia.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Most Eastern role-playing games are Japanese role-playing games (JRPG), developed in Japan.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Role-playing games are also developed in South Korea and in China.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ While the Japanese video game industry has long been viewed as console-centric in the Western world, due to the worldwide success of Japanese consoles beginning with the NES, the country had in fact produced thousands of commercial personal computer games from the late 1970s up until the mid-1990s, in addition to \"dōjin soft\" independent games.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ The country's computer market was very fragmented at first; \"Lode Runner\", for example, reportedly required 34 conversions to different hardware platforms." ] ]

[ 2, 13, 15, 11 ]

[ "IPhones run Apple's iOS operating system.", "Variations of Android are used on game consoles, PCs, and other electronics.", "A computer is designed for a variety of purposes, including playing video games.", "A video game console is a computer device that displays a video game that one or more people can play." ]

[ "IPhone", "IPhone", "IPhone", "IPhone" ]

[ "Library", "I don't really study for my classes. I learn well in class", "Yes. I've never really had to study for classes and I do well. I retain knowledge well", "What resources do you use the most?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Library __knowledge__ A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing.", "Library __knowledge__ It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both.", "Library __knowledge__ A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, and other formats.", "Library __knowledge__ Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items.", "Library __knowledge__ In Latin and Greek, the idea of a bookcase is represented by \"Bibliotheca\" and \"Bibliothēkē\" (Greek: βιβλιοθήκη): derivatives of these mean \"library\" in many modern languages, e.g.", "Library __knowledge__ French \"bibliothèque\".", "Library __knowledge__ The first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing—the clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in Sumer, some dating back to 2600 BC.", "Library __knowledge__ Private or personal libraries made up of written books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC.", "Library __knowledge__ In the 6th century, at the very close of the Classical period, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those of Constantinople and Alexandria.", "Library __knowledge__ A library is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, a corporation, or a private individual." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Library __knowledge__ A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing.", "Library __knowledge__ It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both.", "Library __knowledge__ A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, and other formats.", "Library __knowledge__ Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items.", "Library __knowledge__ In Latin and Greek, the idea of a bookcase is represented by \"Bibliotheca\" and \"Bibliothēkē\" (Greek: βιβλιοθήκη): derivatives of these mean \"library\" in many modern languages, e.g.", "Library __knowledge__ French \"bibliothèque\".", "Library __knowledge__ The first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing—the clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in Sumer, some dating back to 2600 BC.", "Library __knowledge__ Private or personal libraries made up of written books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC.", "Library __knowledge__ In the 6th century, at the very close of the Classical period, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those of Constantinople and Alexandria.", "Library __knowledge__ A library is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, a corporation, or a private individual.", "Leta Stetter Hollingworth __knowledge__ Leta Hollingworth (25 May 1886 – 27 November 1939) was an American psychologist who conducted pioneering work in the early 20th century.", "Leta Stetter Hollingworth __knowledge__ It is generally agreed upon that Hollingworth made significant contributions in three areas: psychology of women; clinical psychology; and educational psychology.", "Leta Stetter Hollingworth __knowledge__ She is best known for her work with exceptional children.", "Leta Stetter Hollingworth __knowledge__ On May 25, 1886, Leta A. Stetter was born in Dawes County, Nebraska near the town of Chadron.", "Leta Stetter Hollingworth __knowledge__ She was the first of three children born to Margaret Elinor Danley (1862–1890) and John George Stetter (1856–1943).", "Leta Stetter Hollingworth __knowledge__ Her childhood consisted of multiple hardships.", "Bnei Menashe __knowledge__ The Bnei Menashe (, \"Sons of Menasseh\") are a small group within the indigenous people of India's North-Eastern border states of Manipur and Mizoram; since the late 20th century, they claim descent from one of the Lost Tribes of Israel and have adopted the practice of Judaism.", "Bnei Menashe __knowledge__ The Bnei Menashe are made up of Mizo, Kuki and Chin peoples, who all speak Tibeto-Burman languages, and whose ancestors migrated into northeast India from Burma mostly in the 17th and 18th centuries.", "Bnei Menashe __knowledge__ They are called Chin in Burma.", "Bnei Menashe __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, Israeli Rabbi Eliyahu Avichail of the group Amishav named them Bnei Menashe, based on their account of descent from Menasseh.", "Veterans Committee __knowledge__ The Veterans Committee was the popular name of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Committee to Consider Managers, Umpires, Executives and Long-Retired Players; a former voting committee of the U.S.", "Veterans Committee __knowledge__ Baseball Hall of Fame that provided an opportunity for Hall of Fame enshrinement to all individuals who are eligible for induction but ineligible for consideration by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).", "Veterans Committee __knowledge__ The term \"Veterans Committee\" (was composed of four committees of baseball veterans) is taken from the body's former official name: National Baseball Hall of Fame Committee on Baseball Veterans (1953).", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "Principles of learning __knowledge__ Educational psychologists and pedagogues have identified several principles of learning, also referred to as laws of learning, which seem generally applicable to the learning process.", "Principles of learning __knowledge__ These principles have been discovered, tested, and used in practical situations.", "Principles of learning __knowledge__ They provide additional insight into what makes people learn most effectively.", "Principles of learning __knowledge__ Edward Thorndike developed the first three \"Laws of learning:\" readiness, \"exercise\", and \"effect\".", "Principles of learning __knowledge__ Readiness implies a degree of concentration and eagerness.", "Principles of learning __knowledge__ Individuals learn best when they are physically, mentally, and emotionally ready to learn, and do not learn well if they see no reason for learning.", "Gene Chen __knowledge__ Gene Chen (August 1, 1938 – June 5, 2001) was a Chinese American martial artist.", "Gene Chen __knowledge__ Though he was knowledgeable in many Chinese martial arts, he was a master in Chu Gar Southern Praying Mantis and Chen-style t'ai chi ch'uan.", "Gene Chen __knowledge__ Gene Chen was born in Shanghai 1938, the Year of the Tiger.", "Gene Chen __knowledge__ He lived there with his father, mother, two older sisters and two younger brothers until the family fled to Hong Kong due to the Chinese Revolution (1949) following World War II.", "Gene Chen __knowledge__ As a boy, Gene and his younger brothers would often be surrounded and harassed by neighborhood bullies when walking home from school.", "Gene Chen __knowledge__ Gene stood his ground and did what he could to protect his younger brothers.", "Gymnasium (Germany) __knowledge__ Gymnasium (; German plural: \"Gymnasien\"), in the German education system, is the most advanced of the three types of German secondary schools, the others being \"Realschule\" and \"Hauptschule.\"", "Gymnasium (Germany) __knowledge__ Gymnasium strongly emphasizes academic learning, comparable to the British grammar school system or with prep schools in the United States.", "Gymnasium (Germany) __knowledge__ A student attending gymnasium is called a \"Gymnasiast\" (German plural: \"Gymnasiasten).\"", "Gymnasium (Germany) __knowledge__ In 2009/10 there were 3,094 gymnasia in Germany, with students (about 28 percent of all precollegiate students during that period), resulting in an average student number of 800 students per school.", "Crowdsourcing __knowledge__ Crowdsourcing is a sourcing model in which individuals or organizations obtain goods and services, including ideas and finances, from a large, relatively open and often rapidly-evolving group of internet users; it divides work between participants to achieve a cumulative result.", "Crowdsourcing __knowledge__ The word crowdsourcing itself is a portmanteau of crowd and outsourcing, and was coined in 2005.", "Crowdsourcing __knowledge__ As a mode of sourcing, crowdsourcing existed prior to the digital age (i.e.", "Crowdsourcing __knowledge__ \"offline\").", "Crowdsourcing __knowledge__ Major differences between crowdsourcing and outsourcing include features such as: crowdsourcing comes from a less-specific, more public group (i.e.", "Surveillance __knowledge__ Surveillance ( or ) is the monitoring of behavior, activities, or other changing information for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting people.", "Surveillance __knowledge__ This can include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment (such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras) or interception of electronically transmitted information (such as Internet traffic or phone calls).", "Surveillance __knowledge__ It can also include simple no- or relatively low-technology methods such as human intelligence agents and postal interception.", "Surveillance __knowledge__ The word \"\" comes from a French phrase for \"watching over\" (\"sur\" means \"from above\" and \"veiller\" means \"to watch\") and is in contrast to more recent developments such as sousveillance.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Showtime TV series \"Dexter\" and the Jeff Lindsay novels, including \"Darkly Dreaming Dexter\" (on which the show was based), \"Dearly Devoted Dexter\", \"Dexter in the Dark\", \"Dexter by Design\", and \"Dexter is Delicious\".", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ Dexter \"Dex\" Morgan is the titular protagonist and narrator of the series.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ Dexter is a forensics expert and blood spatter analyst employed by the Miami Metro Police Department, but has a double life as a vigilante serial killer.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ As young boys, he and his older brother Brian witnessed the murder of their mother, Laura Moser, and were left for two days in a shipping container filled with blood.", "United States Congress __knowledge__ The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives.", "United States Congress __knowledge__ The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.", "United States Congress __knowledge__ Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment.", "United States Congress __knowledge__ Congress has 535 voting members: 435 Representatives and 100 Senators.", "United States Congress __knowledge__ The House of Representatives has six non-voting members representing Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Washington, D.C. in addition to its 435 voting members.", "Chelsea Manning __knowledge__ Chelsea Elizabeth Manning (born Bradley Edward Manning, December 17, 1987) is an American activist, politician, and former United States Army soldier.", "Chelsea Manning __knowledge__ She was convicted by court-martial in July 2013 of violations of the Espionage Act and other offenses, after disclosing to WikiLeaks nearly 750,000 classified, or unclassified but sensitive, military and diplomatic documents, and was imprisoned between 2010 and 2017.", "Chelsea Manning __knowledge__ Manning is a trans woman who, in a statement the day after sentencing, said she had a female gender identity since childhood, wanted to be known as Chelsea, and desired to begin hormone replacement therapy.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Library __knowledge__ A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing.", "Library __knowledge__ It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both.", "Library __knowledge__ A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, and other formats.", "Library __knowledge__ Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items.", "Library __knowledge__ In Latin and Greek, the idea of a bookcase is represented by \"Bibliotheca\" and \"Bibliothēkē\" (Greek: βιβλιοθήκη): derivatives of these mean \"library\" in many modern languages, e.g.", "Library __knowledge__ French \"bibliothèque\".", "Library __knowledge__ The first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing—the clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in Sumer, some dating back to 2600 BC.", "Library __knowledge__ Private or personal libraries made up of written books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC.", "Library __knowledge__ In the 6th century, at the very close of the Classical period, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those of Constantinople and Alexandria.", "Library __knowledge__ A library is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, a corporation, or a private individual.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Semantic dementia __knowledge__ Semantic dementia (SD), also known as semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of semantic memory in both the verbal and non-verbal domains.", "Semantic dementia __knowledge__ However, the most common presenting symptoms are in the verbal domain (with loss of word meaning).", "Semantic dementia __knowledge__ SD is one of the three canonical clinical syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), with the other two being frontotemporal dementia and progressive nonfluent aphasia.", "Semantic dementia __knowledge__ SD is a clinically defined syndrome, but is associated with predominantly temporal lobe atrophy (left greater than right) and hence is sometimes called temporal variant FTLD (tvFTLD).", "Organizational learning __knowledge__ Organizational learning is the process of creating, retaining, and transferring knowledge within an organization.", "Organizational learning __knowledge__ An organization improves over time as it gains experience.", "Organizational learning __knowledge__ From this experience, it is able to create knowledge.", "Organizational learning __knowledge__ This knowledge is broad, covering any topic that could better an organization.", "Organizational learning __knowledge__ Examples may include ways to increase production efficiency or to develop beneficial investor relations.", "Organizational learning __knowledge__ Knowledge is created at four different units: individual, group, organizational, and inter organizational.", "Organizational learning __knowledge__ The most common way to measure organizational learning is a learning curve.", "Organizational learning __knowledge__ Learning curves are a relationship showing how as an organization produces more of a product or service, it increases its productivity, efficiency, reliability and/or quality of production with diminishing returns.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Margaret I of Denmark __knowledge__ Margaret I (, , , ; 15 March 1353 – 28 October 1412), was Queen consort of Norway (1363-1380) and Sweden (1363-1364) and later ruler in her own right of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, from which later period there are ambiguities regarding her specific titles.", "Margaret I of Denmark __knowledge__ She was the founder of the Kalmar Union, which spanned Scandinavia for over a century.", "Margaret I of Denmark __knowledge__ Margaret was known as a wise, energetic and capable leader, earning the nickname \"Semiramis of the North\", or \"the Lady King\".", "Margaret I of Denmark __knowledge__ Though the latter was a derisive nickname invented by her rival Albert of Mecklenburg, it became widely used in recognition of her capabilities.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ Florida State University (commonly referred to as Florida State or FSU) is an American public space-grant and sea-grant research university.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ Its primary campus is located on a 1,391.54-acre (5.631 km2) campus in Tallahassee, Florida, United States.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ Founded in 1851, it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ The university comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers, facilities, labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study, including professional school programs.", "List of New Zealand Test cricket victories __knowledge__ This is a list of the New Zealand national cricket team's test match victories.", "List of New Zealand Test cricket victories __knowledge__ The New Zealand cricket team played its first Test in January 1930 against England in Christchurch, New Zealand.", "List of New Zealand Test cricket victories __knowledge__ The team won their first Test 45 matches and 26 years later, against the West Indies at Eden Park, Auckland in the 1955/56 season.", "List of New Zealand Test cricket victories __knowledge__ As of 1 January 2018, NZ has played 424 Test matches, won 91, lost 170, and drawn 163.", "List of New Zealand Test cricket victories __knowledge__ The New Zealand cricket team's inaugural test match was played on 10–12 January 1930 against England in Christchurch.", "List of New Zealand Test cricket victories __knowledge__ The team contained two of NZ's finest ever batsmen, Stewie Dempster and Roger Blunt but the match was lost." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Library __knowledge__ A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing.", "Library __knowledge__ It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both.", "Library __knowledge__ A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, and other formats.", "Library __knowledge__ Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items.", "Library __knowledge__ In Latin and Greek, the idea of a bookcase is represented by \"Bibliotheca\" and \"Bibliothēkē\" (Greek: βιβλιοθήκη): derivatives of these mean \"library\" in many modern languages, e.g.", "Library __knowledge__ French \"bibliothèque\".", "Library __knowledge__ The first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing—the clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in Sumer, some dating back to 2600 BC.", "Library __knowledge__ Private or personal libraries made up of written books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC.", "Library __knowledge__ In the 6th century, at the very close of the Classical period, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those of Constantinople and Alexandria.", "Library __knowledge__ A library is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, a corporation, or a private individual.", "Open educational resources __knowledge__ Open educational resources (OER) are freely accessible, openly licensed text, media, and other digital assets that are useful for teaching, learning, and assessing as well as for research purposes.", "Open educational resources __knowledge__ There is no universal usage of open file formats in OER.", "Open educational resources __knowledge__ The term OER designs publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use, re-mix, improve and redistribute under some licenses.", "Open educational resources __knowledge__ The development and promotion of open educational resources is often motivated by a desire to provide an alternate or enhanced \"educational paradigm\".", "Open educational resources __knowledge__ The idea of open educational resources (OER) has numerous working definitions.", "Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen __knowledge__ Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, born Nicolae Georgescu, (4 February 1906 – 30 October 1994) was a Romanian American mathematician, statistician and economist.", "Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen __knowledge__ He is best known today for his groundbreaking 1971 magnum opus \"The Entropy Law and the Economic Process\", in which he argued that all natural resources are irreversibly degraded when put to use in economic activity.", "Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen __knowledge__ A progenitor and a paradigm founder in economics, Georgescu-Roegen's work was seminal in establishing ecological economics as an independent academic sub-discipline in economics.", "Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen __knowledge__ Several economists have hailed Georgescu-Roegen as a man who lived well ahead of his time, and historians of economic thought have proudly proclaimed the ingenuity of his work.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In ecology, sustainability (from \"sustain\" and \"ability\") is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In more general terms, sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability can also be defined as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal.", "Peak uranium __knowledge__ Peak uranium is the point in time that the maximum global uranium production rate is reached.", "Peak uranium __knowledge__ After that peak, according to Hubbert peak theory, the rate of production enters a terminal decline.", "Peak uranium __knowledge__ While uranium is used in nuclear weapons, its primary use is for energy generation via nuclear fission of the uranium-235 isotope in a nuclear power reactor.", "Peak uranium __knowledge__ Each kilogram of uranium-235 fissioned releases the energy equivalent of millions of times its mass in chemical reactants, as much energy as 2700 tons of coal, but uranium-235 is only 0.7% of the mass of natural uranium.", "Peak uranium __knowledge__ Uranium-235 is a finite non-renewable resource.", "Water resources management in Brazil __knowledge__ Water resources management is a key element of Brazil’s strategy to promote sustainable growth and a more equitable and inclusive society.", "Water resources management in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil’s achievements over the past 70 years have been closely linked to the development of hydraulic infrastructure for hydroelectric power generation and just recently to the development of irrigation infrastructure, especially in the Northeast region.", "Water resources management in Brazil __knowledge__ Two challenges in water resources management stand out for their enormous social impacts: (i) unreliable access to water with a strong adverse impact on the living and health standards of the rural populations in the Northeast where two million households, most in extreme poverty, live, and (ii) water pollution in and near large urban centers, which compromises poor populations' health, creates an environmental damage, and increases the cost of water treatment for downstream users.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Human overpopulation (or population overshoot) occurs when the ecological footprint of a human population in a specific geographical location exceeds the carrying capacity of the place occupied by that group.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Overpopulation can further be viewed, in a long term perspective, as existing if a population cannot be maintained given the rapid depletion of non-renewable resources or given the degradation of the capacity of the environment to give support to the population.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Changes in lifestyle could reverse overpopulated status without a large population reduction.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ The term \"human overpopulation\" refers to the relationship between the entire human population and its environment: the Earth, or to smaller geographical areas such as countries.", "European History Network __knowledge__ The European History Network has run a number of projects under the banner of the Creating Links and Overviews for a New History Agenda (CLIOH) since 1988, including CLIOH, CLIOHnet and CLIOHnet2.", "European History Network __knowledge__ Both CLIOHRES and CLIOH-WORLD are currently in operation as of December 2011.", "European History Network __knowledge__ It was initially founded as the ECTS History Network, a pilot project of the ECTS.", "European History Network __knowledge__ CLIOH-WORLD is an award-winning International Academic Erasmus Network.", "European History Network __knowledge__ It is supported by the European Commission, DG Education and Culture, under the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013, for the period October 2008 to September 2011.", "European History Network __knowledge__ It aims to increase critical understanding—on the part of European students and citizens in general—of Europe’s past, present and future and its role in the wider world.", "Digital library __knowledge__ A digital library is a special library with a collection of digital objects that can include text, visual material, audio material, video material, stored as electronic media formats (as opposed to print, or other media.", "Digital library __knowledge__ ), along with means for organizing, storing, and retrieving the files and media contained in the library collection.", "Digital library __knowledge__ Digital libraries can vary immensely in size and scope, and can be maintained by individuals, organizations, or affiliated with established physical library buildings or institutions, or with academic institutions.", "Digital library __knowledge__ The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks.", "Digital preservation __knowledge__ In library and archival science, digital preservation is a formal endeavor to ensure that digital information of continuing value remains accessible and usable.", "Digital preservation __knowledge__ It involves planning, resource allocation, and application of preservation methods and technologies, and it combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and \"born-digital\" content, regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change.", "Digital preservation __knowledge__ The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time.", "Digital preservation __knowledge__ According to the \"Harrod's Librarian Glossary\", digital preservation is the method of keeping digital material alive so that they remain usable as technological advances render original hardware and software specification obsolete.", "JISC Digitisation Programme __knowledge__ The JISC Digitisation Programme is a series of projects to digitise the cultural heritage and scholarly materials in universities, libraries, museums, archives and others cultural memory organisations in the United Kingdom.", "JISC Digitisation Programme __knowledge__ The programme continues to be managed by the UK's Joint Information Systems Committee.", "JISC Digitisation Programme __knowledge__ JISC supports United Kingdom post-16 and higher education and research in support of learning, teaching, research and administration in the context of ICT.", "JISC Digitisation Programme __knowledge__ The Programme has had three main strands.", "JISC Digitisation Programme __knowledge__ The six projects funded under Phase 1 were the following NewsFilm Online This project has digitised 3,000 hours from the archives of ITN (Independent Television News), featuring clips relating to British and world news from the 1920s to the present day.", "Digital humanities __knowledge__ Digital humanities (DH) is an area of scholarly activity at the intersection of computing or digital technologies and the disciplines of the humanities.", "Digital humanities __knowledge__ It includes the systematic use of digital resources in the humanities, as well as the reflection on their application.", "Digital humanities __knowledge__ DH can be defined as new ways of doing scholarship that involve collaborative, transdisciplinary, and computationally engaged research, teaching, and publishing.", "Digital humanities __knowledge__ It brings digital tools and methods to the study of the humanities with the recognition that the printed word is no longer the main medium for knowledge production and distribution.", "Steve Dixon (actor) __knowledge__ Professor Stephen Robert Dixon (born 1956 in Manchester, England) is a British actor and academic.", "Steve Dixon (actor) __knowledge__ He studied performing arts at the Victoria University of Manchester, graduating in the same class as Rik Mayall.", "Steve Dixon (actor) __knowledge__ He worked as an actor for many years, taking minor roles in films like \"Privates on Parade\" and on television shows including \"The Young Ones\" and \"The Krypton Factor\".", "Steve Dixon (actor) __knowledge__ For three years in the early 1980s he began working as a stand-up comic at The Comedy Store in London.", "Steve Dixon (actor) __knowledge__ He also worked in theatre, most notably with directors such as Nicholas Hytner, Steven Berkoff and Richard Eyre as well as working with experimental theatre companies Incubus and Lumiere & Son.", "ETH Library __knowledge__ ETH Library is the largest public scientific and technical library in Switzerland.", "ETH Library __knowledge__ It serves as a central university library for ETH Zurich and a national centre for scientific and technical information.", "ETH Library __knowledge__ Besides providing information for members of ETH Zurich, it also offers resources for the interested public and companies from research and development.", "ETH Library __knowledge__ Its main focuses are electronic information services for university members and the development of innovative services.", "ETH Library __knowledge__ ETH Library collects media from the following fields: ETH Library's four special libraries are responsible for supplying subject-specific literature to the corresponding departments and institutes at ETH Zurich." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 2 ]

[ "I love to go the library to study and gather information when I'm in at college.", "Well are you in college? It's hard to take it all in especially for a test, which is why I go to the library to study.", "That's good for you then. What I like most about the library is that it has physical and digital resources as well.", "Mostly the digital resources, but the physical are very useful as well." ]

[ "Library", "Library", "Library", "Library" ]

[ "Hitchhiking", "Really? Interesting! Where did you hitchhike to? Work? Or while you were on vacation?", "Amazing! What a journey! That is neat! Are there any other gestures in other parts of the world?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Hitchhiking (also known as thumbing, hitching, or autostop) is a means of transportation that is gained by asking people, usually strangers, for a ride in their automobile or other vehicle.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ A ride is usually, but not always, free.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Itinerants have also used hitchhiking as a primary mode of travel for the better part of the last century, and continue to do so today.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ The hitchhikers' methods of signaling to drivers differ around the world.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Many hitchhikers use various hand signals.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ If the hitchhiker wishes to indicate that he needs a ride, he may simply make a physical gesture or display a written sign.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ In North America, United Kingdom and most of Europe, the gesture involves extending the arm toward the road and sticking the thumb of the outstretched hand upward with the hand closed.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ For example, in the US and UK, they point their thumb up.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ In some African countries, the hand is held still with the palm facing upwards.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ In other parts of the world, such as Australia, it is more common to use a gesture where the index finger is pointed at the road.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Hitchhiking is a historically common (autonomous) practice worldwide and hence there are very few places in the world where laws exist to restrict it." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Hitchhiking (also known as thumbing, hitching, or autostop) is a means of transportation that is gained by asking people, usually strangers, for a ride in their automobile or other vehicle.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ A ride is usually, but not always, free.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Itinerants have also used hitchhiking as a primary mode of travel for the better part of the last century, and continue to do so today.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ The hitchhikers' methods of signaling to drivers differ around the world.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Many hitchhikers use various hand signals.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ If the hitchhiker wishes to indicate that he needs a ride, he may simply make a physical gesture or display a written sign.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ In North America, United Kingdom and most of Europe, the gesture involves extending the arm toward the road and sticking the thumb of the outstretched hand upward with the hand closed.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ For example, in the US and UK, they point their thumb up.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ In some African countries, the hand is held still with the palm facing upwards.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ In other parts of the world, such as Australia, it is more common to use a gesture where the index finger is pointed at the road.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Hitchhiking is a historically common (autonomous) practice worldwide and hence there are very few places in the world where laws exist to restrict it.", "Summer vacation __knowledge__ Summer vacation (also called summer holiday or summer break) is a school holiday in summer between school years and the longest break in the school year.", "Summer vacation __knowledge__ Students and instructors are off school typically between 6 and 14 weeks, depending on the country and district.", "Summer vacation __knowledge__ In the United States, summer break is approximately 2.5 months, with students typically getting out of school between late May and mid-June and starting the new school year between mid-August and early September.", "Summer vacation __knowledge__ In Republic of Ireland, Italy, Greece, Lithuania, Latvia, Lebanon, Romania and Russia, the summer break is normally three months, compared to six to eight weeks in Australia, Britain, Canada, India, and Germany.", "Hitchhike Records __knowledge__ Hitchhike Records is the U.S. record label of ukulele performer Jake Shimabukuro.", "Hitchhike Records __knowledge__ It is based in Honolulu, Hawaii, and is the American distribution arm of his recordings for Sony Music Japan International, which he signed with in June 2002.", "Hitchhike Records __knowledge__ Sony Japan only releases his music in Japan.", "Hitchhike Records __knowledge__ Shimabukuro needed to license the music for release in Hawaii, so he created Hitchhike Records for U.S. release.", "Hitchhike Records __knowledge__ In 2005, Shimabukuro secured a nationwide U.S. distribution deal for his Hitchhike Records label, which had previously distributed to the Hawaii market.", "Hitchhike Records __knowledge__ In addition to releasing all of Shimabukuro's U.S. albums, Hitchhike has also released an album by Jake's brother, ukulele performer Bruce Shimabukuro: \"Bits & Pieces\" (2007).", "Michigan murders __knowledge__ The Michigan Murders were a series of highly publicized killings of young women committed between 1967 and 1969 in the Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti area of Southeastern Michigan by an individual known as the Ypsilanti Ripper, the Michigan Murderer, and the Co-Ed Killer.", "Michigan murders __knowledge__ All the victims of the Michigan Murders were young women between the ages of 13 and 21 who were abducted, raped, beaten and murdered—typically by stabbing or strangulation—with their bodies occasionally mutilated after death before being discarded within a 15-mile radius of Washtenaw County.", "Michigan murders __knowledge__ The perpetrator, John Norman Chapman (then known as John Norman Collins) was arrested one week after the final murder.", "Vacation Village __knowledge__ Vacation Village was a hotel and casino located on of land at 6711 South Las Vegas Boulevard in Enterprise, Nevada.", "Vacation Village __knowledge__ Vacation Village was sometimes reported as being on the Las Vegas Strip, despite being located south of it.", "Vacation Village __knowledge__ The Heers family initially purchased of land in 1964, and planned to have a hotel and casino built on the property.", "Vacation Village __knowledge__ Construction began on the Century Hotel in 1972, although the project ultimately became inactive.", "Vacation Village __knowledge__ Construction resumed in 1989, and the property was opened as Vacation Village on November 9, 1990.", "Vacation Village __knowledge__ The hotel-casino struggled through financial difficulties and various legal problems during its final years, and was eventually auctioned to millionaire Shawn Scott in 2001, after the Heers family failed to pay off a $19 million loan.", "National Lampoon's Vacation (film series) __knowledge__ The National Lampoon's Vacation film series is a comedy film series initially based on John Hughes' short story \"Vacation '58\" that was originally published by \"National Lampoon\" magazine.", "National Lampoon's Vacation (film series) __knowledge__ The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of seven films, two of which are not sponsored by \"National Lampoon\".", "National Lampoon's Vacation (film series) __knowledge__ In recent years, the series has been the inspiration for various advertising campaigns featuring some of the original cast members.", "National Lampoon's Vacation (film series) __knowledge__ The series portrays the misadventures of the Griswold family, whose attempts to enjoy vacations and holidays are plagued with continual disasters and strangely embarrassing predicaments.", "Pivan-1 __knowledge__ Pivan-1 () is a military townlet near Komsomolsk-na-Amur in Khabarovsk Krai in the Russian Far East which is the location of the eastern control centre for Russia's Oko satellites.", "Pivan-1 __knowledge__ These give early warning of ballistic missile launches, mainly from the continental United States.", "Pivan-1 __knowledge__ The site is part of the Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning and information from here is processed at the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces centre in Solnechnogorsk and could be used, together with early warning radar such as the Voronezh, for launch on warning or the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system.", "Pivan-1 __knowledge__ A similar facility is located at Serpukhov-15 near Moscow.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Hope v. Pelzer __knowledge__ Hope v. Pelzer, , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the defense of qualified immunity, under which government actors may not be sued for actions they take in connection with their offices, did not apply to a suit challenging the Alabama Department of Corrections's use of the \"hitching post\", a punishment whereby inmates were immobilized for long periods of time.", "Hope v. Pelzer __knowledge__ At issue in \"Hope v. Pelzer\" was the question of whether qualified immunity applied in the case of punishment exceeding the standards of cruel and unusual punishment.", "Hope v. Pelzer __knowledge__ The first question was whether the use of the hitching post was cruel and unusual in the twentieth century.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ Below is a list of fictional characters appearing in \"The Elenium\" and \"The Tamuli\", fantasy series written by David Eddings.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ Sparhawk is the main character in the Elenium and Tamuli series.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ He is a Pandion Knight and Champion of Queen Ehlana.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ He marries Queen Ehlana and they have a child called Danae, who is the child goddess Aphrael in human form.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ Sephrenia is the Styric instructor of the spells of Styricum, also known as the \"secrets\", to the Pandion Knights.", "List of The Elenium and The Tamuli characters __knowledge__ She is also the high priestess of Aphrael, the Child-Goddess, as well as being the older sister of one of Aphrael's incarnations, and a companion of Sparhawk.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Ringbolt hitching __knowledge__ Ringbolt hitching is a series of hitches made around a ring.", "Ringbolt hitching __knowledge__ Covering a ring in hitching can prevent damage if the ring is likely to chafe or strike against something, such as a mooring line or mast.", "Ringbolt hitching __knowledge__ Continuous ring hitching, also known as single ringbolt hitching, is a series of identical hitches made around a ring.", "Ringbolt hitching __knowledge__ This is considered the simplest form of ringbolt hitching.", "Ringbolt hitching __knowledge__ Alternate ring hitching, also known as kackling or keckling, is a type of ringbolt hitching formed with a series of alternate left and right hitches made around a ring.", "Ringbolt hitching __knowledge__ As a means of dampening sound in row boats when a covert night operation was being undertaken, oar handles were wrapped in keckling knots to prevent wood rubbing on wood.", "Demography of the Roman Empire __knowledge__ Demographically, the Roman Empire was an ordinary premodern state.", "Demography of the Roman Empire __knowledge__ It had high infant mortality, a low marriage age, and high fertility within marriage.", "Demography of the Roman Empire __knowledge__ Perhaps half of Roman subjects died by the age of 5.", "Demography of the Roman Empire __knowledge__ Of those still alive at age 10, half would die by the age of 50.", "Demography of the Roman Empire __knowledge__ Roman women could expect to bear on average 6 to 9 children.", "Demography of the Roman Empire __knowledge__ At its peak, after the Antonine Plague of the 160s CE, it had a population of about 60–70 million and a population density of about 16 persons per square kilometer.", "Demography of the Roman Empire __knowledge__ In contrast to the European societies of the classical and medieval periods, Rome had unusually high urbanization rates.", "Francis Hitching __knowledge__ Francis Hitching (born 1933) is a British author, dowser, journalist and filmmaker.", "Francis Hitching __knowledge__ Hitching has written on earth mysteries, dowsing, paranormal and ley lines.", "Francis Hitching __knowledge__ In his book \"Pendulum: The Psi Connection\" (1977), he came to the conclusion that dowsing is genuine, listing a number of alternative explanations such as electromagnetism and psychic ability that he thought were associated with dowsing.", "Francis Hitching __knowledge__ Stuart Fleming in the \"New Scientist\" gave Hitching's book \"Earth Magic\" (1978) a positive review; the book linked many of the megaliths around Europe to groups of men whom he called \"megalithic mathematicians\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Hitchhiking (also known as thumbing, hitching, or autostop) is a means of transportation that is gained by asking people, usually strangers, for a ride in their automobile or other vehicle.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ A ride is usually, but not always, free.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Itinerants have also used hitchhiking as a primary mode of travel for the better part of the last century, and continue to do so today.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ The hitchhikers' methods of signaling to drivers differ around the world.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Many hitchhikers use various hand signals.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ If the hitchhiker wishes to indicate that he needs a ride, he may simply make a physical gesture or display a written sign.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ In North America, United Kingdom and most of Europe, the gesture involves extending the arm toward the road and sticking the thumb of the outstretched hand upward with the hand closed.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ For example, in the US and UK, they point their thumb up.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ In some African countries, the hand is held still with the palm facing upwards.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ In other parts of the world, such as Australia, it is more common to use a gesture where the index finger is pointed at the road.", "Hitchhiking __knowledge__ Hitchhiking is a historically common (autonomous) practice worldwide and hence there are very few places in the world where laws exist to restrict it.", "Gesture __knowledge__ A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication or non-vocal communication in which visible bodily actions communicate particular messages, either in place of, or in conjunction with, speech.", "Gesture __knowledge__ Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body.", "Gesture __knowledge__ Gestures differ from physical non-verbal communication that does not communicate specific messages, such as purely expressive displays, proxemics, or displays of joint attention.", "Gesture __knowledge__ Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with body language in addition to words when they speak.", "Gestures in language acquisition __knowledge__ Gestures are a form of non-verbal communication that include movements of the hands, arms, and/or other parts of the body.", "Gestures in language acquisition __knowledge__ Children can use gesture to communicate before they have the ability to use spoken words and phrases.", "Gestures in language acquisition __knowledge__ In this way gestures can prepare children to learn a spoken language, creating a bridge from pre-verbal communication to speech.", "Gestures in language acquisition __knowledge__ The onset of gesture has also been shown to predict and facilitate children's spoken language acquisition.", "Gestures in language acquisition __knowledge__ Once children begin to use spoken words their gestures can be used in conjunction with these words to form phrases and eventually to express thoughts and complement vocalized ideas.", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ Nonverbal communication (NVC) between people is communication through sending and receiving wordless clues.", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ It includes the use of visual cues such as body language (kinesics), distance (proxemics) and physical environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage) and of touch (haptics).", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ It can also include chronemics (the use of time) and oculesics (eye contact and the actions of looking while talking and listening, frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate).", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ Just as speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate, pitch, volume, and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation, and stress, so written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page.", "Christoph Wulf __knowledge__ Christoph Wulf is professor for anthropology and education and a member of the Interdisciplinary Center for Historical Anthropology, of the special research area “Cultures of the Performative,” of the “Languages of Emotions” Center of Excellence, and of the “InterArt/Interart Studies” graduate and postgraduate program at the Free University of Berlin.", "Christoph Wulf __knowledge__ Wulf spent his childhood in a parsonage in Berlin-Britz.", "Christoph Wulf __knowledge__ After his school-leaving examination at the Gymnasium Steglitz, he initially enrolled in a master's program (History, Pedagogy, and Philosophy) at the Free University Berlin.", "Christoph Wulf __knowledge__ He completed the program in 1968 with the receipt of a Master of Arts degree.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "Pointing device gesture __knowledge__ In computing, a pointing device gesture or mouse gesture (or, simply, gesture) is a way of combining pointing device or finger movements and clicks that the software recognizes as a specific computer event and responds in a manner particular to that software.", "Pointing device gesture __knowledge__ They can be useful for people who have difficulties typing on a keyboard.", "Pointing device gesture __knowledge__ For example, in a web browser, a user can navigate to the previously viewed page by pressing the right pointing device button, moving the pointing device briefly to the left, then releasing the button.", "Pointing device gesture __knowledge__ The first pointing device gesture, the \"drag,\" was introduced by Apple to replace a dedicated \"move\" button on mice shipped with its Macintosh and Lisa computers.", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Religious symbolism in the United States military includes the use of religious symbols for military chaplain insignia, uniforms, emblems, flags, and chapels; symbolic gestures, actions, and words used in military rituals and ceremonies; and religious symbols or designations used in areas such as headstones and markers in national cemeteries, and military ID tags (\"dog tags\").", "Religious symbolism in the United States military __knowledge__ Symbolism sometimes includes specific images included or excluded because of religious reasons, choices involving colors with religious significance, and \"religious accommodation\" policies regarding the wear of \"religious apparel\" and \"grooming\" (such as \"unshorn\" hair and beards worn for religious reasons) with military uniforms.", "The finger __knowledge__ In Western culture, the finger or the middle finger (as in giving someone the (middle) finger or the bird or flipping someone off) is an obscene hand gesture.", "The finger __knowledge__ The gesture communicates moderate to extreme contempt, and is roughly equivalent in meaning to \"fuck off,\" \"fuck you,\" \"shove it up your ass,\" \"up yours,\" \"suck my dick,\" \"eat shit,\" \"kiss my ass,\" or \"go fuck yourself.\"", "The finger __knowledge__ It is performed by showing the back of a hand that has only the middle finger extended upwards, though in some locales, the thumb is extended.", "The finger __knowledge__ Extending the finger is considered a symbol of contempt in several cultures, especially in the West.", "Classical guitar technique __knowledge__ In classical guitar, the right hand is developed in such a way that it can sustain two, three, and four voice harmonies while also paying special attention to tone production.", "Classical guitar technique __knowledge__ The Fingers (i) index, (m) middle, and (a) ring are generally used to play the melody, while (p) thumb accompanies in the bass register adding harmony, and produces a comparable texture and effect to that of the piano.", "Classical guitar technique __knowledge__ The classical guitar is one of the very few solo polyphonic instruments, and is notoriously very difficult to master.", "Classical guitar technique __knowledge__ Classical guitar technique can be organized broadly into subsections for the right hand, the left hand, and miscellaneous.", "Index finger __knowledge__ The index finger (also referred to as forefinger, first finger, pointer finger, trigger finger, digitus secundus, digitus II, and many other terms), is the first finger and the second digit of a human hand.", "Index finger __knowledge__ It is located between the first and third digits, between the thumb and the middle finger.", "Index finger __knowledge__ It is usually the most dextrous and sensitive finger of the hand, though not the longest – it is shorter than the middle finger, and may be shorter or longer than the ring finger – see digit ratio.", "Index finger __knowledge__ \"Index finger\" literally means \"pointing finger\", from the same Latin source as \"indicate;\" its anatomical names are \"index finger\" and \"second digit\".", "Salute __knowledge__ A salute is a gesture or other action used to display respect.", "Salute __knowledge__ Salutes are primarily associated with armed forces, but other organizations and civilians also use salutes.", "Salute __knowledge__ In military traditions of various times and places, there have been numerous methods of performing salutes, using hand gestures, cannon or rifle shots, hoisting of flags, removal of headgear, or other means of showing respect or deference.", "Salute __knowledge__ In the Commonwealth of Nations, only commissioned officers are saluted, and the salute is to the commission they carry from their respective commanders-in-chief representing the Monarch, not the officers themselves.", "Hand __knowledge__ A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered appendage located at the end of the forearm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs.", "Hand __knowledge__ A few other vertebrates such as the koala (which has two opposable thumbs on each \"hand\" and fingerprints remarkably similar to human fingerprints) are often described as having \"hands\" instead of paws on their front limbs.", "Hand __knowledge__ The raccoon is usually described as having \"hands\" though opposable thumbs are lacking.", "Hand __knowledge__ Some evolutionary anatomists use the term \"hand\" to refer to the appendage of digits on the forelimb more generally — for example, in the context of whether the three digits of the bird hand involved the same homologous loss of two digits as in the dinosaur hand.", "Pointing __knowledge__ Pointing is a gesture specifying a direction from a person's body, usually indicating a location, person, event, thing or idea.", "Pointing __knowledge__ It typically is formed by extending the arm, hand, and index finger, although it may be functionally similar to other hand gestures.", "Pointing __knowledge__ Types of pointing may be subdivided according to the intention of the person, as well as by the linguistic function it serves.", "Pointing __knowledge__ Pointing typically develops within the first two years of life in humans, and plays in important role in language development and reading in children.", "Pointing __knowledge__ It is central to the use of sign language, with a large number of signs being some variation on pointing.", "Fingerprint __knowledge__ A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger.", "Fingerprint __knowledge__ The recovery of fingerprints from a crime scene is an important method of forensic science.", "Fingerprint __knowledge__ Fingerprints are easily deposited on suitable surfaces (such as glass or metal or polished stone) by the natural secretions of sweat from the eccrine glands that are present in epidermal ridges.", "Fingerprint __knowledge__ These are sometimes referred to as \"Chanced Impressions\".", "Fingerprint __knowledge__ In a wider use of the term, fingerprints are the traces of an impression from the friction ridges of any part of a human or other primate hand.", "Fingerprint __knowledge__ A print from the sole of the foot can also leave an impression of friction ridges." ] ]

[ 1, 10, 9 ]

[ "I used to hitchhike in my early twenties, otherwise know as thimbing, hitching or autostopping. ", "I have hitched all the way to New York City. just stuck my thumb out but in Australia, it is more common to use a gesture where the index finger is pointed at the road.", "There are some others like, in some places in Africa the hand is held still with the palm facing upwards." ]

[ "Hitchhiking", "Hitchhiking", "Hitchhiking" ]

[ "Computer science", "I definitely think it has a significant place in the modern age", "Right, there will definitely be a great need for computer scientists", "Right, I guess the business students will still be needed in that case" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Computer science __knowledge__ Computer science is the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers.", "Computer science __knowledge__ It is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications and the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to, information.", "Computer science __knowledge__ An alternate, more succinct definition of computer science is the study of automating algorithmic processes that scale.", "Computer science __knowledge__ A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Its fields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of computational and intractable problems), are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Other fields still focus on challenges in implementing computation.", "Computer science __knowledge__ For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Computer science __knowledge__ Computer science is the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers.", "Computer science __knowledge__ It is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications and the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to, information.", "Computer science __knowledge__ An alternate, more succinct definition of computer science is the study of automating algorithmic processes that scale.", "Computer science __knowledge__ A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Its fields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of computational and intractable problems), are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Other fields still focus on challenges in implementing computation.", "Computer science __knowledge__ For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems.", "Is This It __knowledge__ Is This It is the debut studio album by American rock band the Strokes.", "Is This It __knowledge__ Recorded at Transporterraum in New York City with producer Gordon Raphael, the album was first released on July 30, 2001, in Australia, with RCA Records as the primary label.", "Is This It __knowledge__ The record entered the UK Albums Chart at number two and peaked at number 33 on the US \"Billboard\" 200, going on to achieve platinum status in several markets.", "Is This It __knowledge__ \"Hard to Explain\", \"Last Nite\", and \"Someday\" were released as singles.", "Is This It __knowledge__ For the album, the Strokes strived to capture a simple rock sound that was not significantly enhanced in the studio.", "Is This It __knowledge__ Building on the work of their 2001 extended play, \"The Modern Age\", the band members molded compositions largely through live takes during the recording sessions, while songwriter Julian Casablancas continued to detail the lives and relationships of urban youth.", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Afia Masood (also Khan) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Meryl Fernandes.", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Afia appeared in five episodes between 29 December 2009 and 5 January 2010, and returned on 18 November 2010.", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ This is Fernandes' second role in \"EastEnders\", her first being a schoolgirl in 1993.", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Due to Fernandes' character initially being a guest, the character was not announced.", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Afia was introduced as a love interest for Tamwar Masood (Himesh Patel).", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Her father was later introduced as Yusef Khan (Ace Bhatti) who was the former husband of Tamwar's mother, Zainab (Nina Wadia).", "Afia Masood __knowledge__ Upon hearing Fernandes' return in late 2010, Patel said he was \"glad\" that he is able to explore another side to Tamwar's character.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ Floyd Joy Mayweather Jr. (born Floyd Joy Sinclair; February 24, 1977) is an American professional boxing promoter and former professional boxer.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ He competed from 1996 to 2007 and 2009 to 2015, and made a one-fight comeback in 2017.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ During his career, he held multiple world titles in five weight classes and the lineal championship in four weight classes (twice at welterweight), and retired with an undefeated record of 50–0, surpassing Rocky Marciano's record of 49–0.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ As an amateur, Mayweather won a bronze medal in the featherweight division at the 1996 Olympics, three U.S. Golden Gloves championships (at light flyweight, flyweight, and featherweight), and the U.S. national championship at featherweight.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon Anne Mitchell (also Watts and Rickman) is a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Letitia Dean.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon is one of \"EastEnders\" original characters, appearing in the first episode broadcast on 19 February 1985.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ The character was conceptualised by Tony Holland and Julia Smith, the creators of \"EastEnders\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon was a teenager when the programme began: the adoptive daughter of Den and Angie Watts.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon remained a prominent character into the 1990s due to romantic pairings with brothers Grant (Ross Kemp) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ In a long-running storyline dubbed \"Sharongate\", Sharon, married to Grant, has an affair with Phil.", "Modern Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ The Modern Age of Comic Books is a period in the history of American superhero comic books which is generally considered to have begun in the mid-1980s and continues through the present day.", "Modern Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ During the first half of this period, many comic book characters were redesigned, creators gained prominence in the industry, independent comics flourished, and larger publishing houses became more commercialized.", "Modern Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ An alternative name for this period is the Dark Age of Comic Books, due to the popularity and artistic influence of titles with serious content, such as \"\" and \"Watchmen.\"", "Modern Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ Because the time period encompassing the Modern Age is not well defined, and in some cases disputed by both fans and most professionals, a comprehensive history is open to debate.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "UFC 120 __knowledge__ UFC 120: Bisping vs. Akiyama was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on October 16, 2010, at the O Arena in London, United Kingdom.", "UFC 120 __knowledge__ The card featured six televised MMA bouts, as well as four un-aired preliminary bouts.", "UFC 120 __knowledge__ The main event featured \"The Ultimate Fighter 3\" winner Michael Bisping and the Japanese judoka Yoshihiro Akiyama.", "UFC 120 __knowledge__ After three rounds, the fight went to a judges decision, where Bisping was victorious with scores of 30–27 being given by all three ringside judges.", "UFC 120 __knowledge__ The co-main event of the evening featured Dan Hardy (who entered the contest having become the first Englishman to compete in a UFC Championship bout, albeit unsuccessfully) and Carlos Condit, the former World Extreme Cagefighting Welterweight champion.", "Gender disparity in computing __knowledge__ Global concerns about the gender disparity in computing occupations have gained more importance with the emerging information age.", "Gender disparity in computing __knowledge__ These concerns motivated public policy debates addressing gender equality as computer applications exerted increasing influence in society.", "Gender disparity in computing __knowledge__ This dialogue helped to expand information technology innovations and to reduce the consequences of sexism.", "Gender disparity in computing __knowledge__ A survey, conducted by SWIFT (\"Supporting Women in Information Technology\") based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, asked 7,411 participants questions about their career choices.", "Gender disparity in computing __knowledge__ The survey found that females tend to believe that they lack the skill set needed to be successful in the field of computing.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ This list refers to specific master's degrees in North America.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Please see master's degree for a more general overview.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAc, MAcy or MPAcc), alternatively Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAcy or MPA), or Master Science in Accountancy (MSAcy) is typically a one-year, non-thesis graduate program designed to prepare graduates for public accounting and to provide them with the 150 credit hours required by most states before taking the CPA exam.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Master of Accounting (MAcc) is an 8-month degree offered by the University of Waterloo, School of Accounting and Finance in Canada that satisfies the 51 credit hours and CKE exam requirement needed to write the Chartered Accountant Uniform Final Exam (UFE) in the province of Ontario.", "Edsger W. Dijkstra __knowledge__ Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (; 11 May 1930 – 6 August 2002) was a Dutch systems scientist, programmer, software engineer, science essayist, and early pioneer in computing science.", "Edsger W. Dijkstra __knowledge__ He held the Schlumberger Centennial Chair in Computer Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin from 1984 until his retirement in 1999.", "Edsger W. Dijkstra __knowledge__ A theoretical physicist by training, Dijkstra worked as a programmer at the Mathematisch Centrum (Amsterdam) from 1952 to 1962.", "Edsger W. Dijkstra __knowledge__ He was a professor of mathematics at the Eindhoven University of Technology (1962–1984) and a research fellow at the Burroughs Corporation (1973–1984).", "Edsger W. Dijkstra __knowledge__ One of the most influential members of computing science's founding generation, Dijkstra helped shape the new discipline from both an engineering and a theoretical perspective.", "Science __knowledge__ Science (from Latin \"scientia\", meaning \"knowledge\") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.", "Science __knowledge__ Contemporary science is typically subdivided into the natural sciences which study the material world, the social sciences which study people and societies, and the formal sciences like mathematics.", "Science __knowledge__ The formal sciences are often distinguished from the empirical sciences as the former does not depend on empirical observations.", "Science __knowledge__ Disciplines which use science like engineering and medicine may also be considered to be applied sciences.", "Theoretical computer science __knowledge__ Theoretical computer science, or TCS, is a subset of general computer science and mathematics that focuses on more mathematical topics of computing and includes the theory of computation.", "Theoretical computer science __knowledge__ It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely.", "Theoretical computer science __knowledge__ The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description: In this list, the ACM's journal Transactions on Computation Theory includes coding theory and computational learning theory, as well as theoretical computer science aspects of areas such as databases, information retrieval, economic models, and networks.", "Artificial intelligence __knowledge__ Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is intelligence displayed by machines, in contrast with the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.", "Artificial intelligence __knowledge__ In computer science AI research is defined as the study of \"intelligent agents\": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal.", "Artificial intelligence __knowledge__ Colloquially, the term \"artificial intelligence\" is applied when a machine mimics \"cognitive\" functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as \"learning\" and \"problem solving\".", "Artificial intelligence __knowledge__ See glossary of artificial intelligence." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Computer science __knowledge__ Computer science is the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers.", "Computer science __knowledge__ It is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications and the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to, information.", "Computer science __knowledge__ An alternate, more succinct definition of computer science is the study of automating algorithmic processes that scale.", "Computer science __knowledge__ A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Its fields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of computational and intractable problems), are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Other fields still focus on challenges in implementing computation.", "Computer science __knowledge__ For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems.", "Computer scientist __knowledge__ A computer scientist is a scientist who has acquired the knowledge of computer science, the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their application.", "Computer scientist __knowledge__ Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computer systems, as opposed to the hardware side that computer engineers mainly focus on (although there is overlap).", "Computer scientist __knowledge__ Although computer scientists can also focus their work and research on specific areas (such as algorithm and data structure development and design, software engineering, information theory, database theory, computational complexity theory, numerical analysis, programming language theory, computer graphics, and computer vision), their foundation is the theoretical study of computing from which these other fields derive.", "Open access __knowledge__ Open access (OA) refers to online research outputs that are free of all restrictions on access (e.g.", "Open access __knowledge__ access tolls) and free of many restrictions on use (e.g.", "Open access __knowledge__ certain copyright and license restrictions).", "Open access __knowledge__ Open access can be applied to all forms of published research output, including peer-reviewed and non peer-reviewed academic journal articles, conference papers, theses, book chapters, and monographs.", "Open access __knowledge__ Two degrees of open access can be distinguished: \"gratis\" open access, which is online access free of charge, and \"libre\" open access, which is online access free of charge plus various additional usage rights.", "COBOL __knowledge__ COBOL (, an acronym for \"common business-oriented language\") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use.", "COBOL __knowledge__ It is imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented.", "COBOL __knowledge__ COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments.", "COBOL __knowledge__ COBOL is still widely used in legacy applications deployed on mainframe computers, such as large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs.", "COBOL __knowledge__ But due to its declining popularity and the retirement of experienced COBOL programmers, programs are being migrated to new platforms, rewritten in modern languages or replaced with software packages.", "History of radar __knowledge__ The history of radar (where radar stands for RAdio Detection And Ranging) started with experiments by Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century that showed that radio waves were reflected by metallic objects.", "History of radar __knowledge__ This possibility was suggested in James Clerk Maxwell's seminal work on electromagnetism.", "History of radar __knowledge__ However, it was not until the early 20th century that systems able to use these principles were becoming widely available, and it was German inventor Christian Hülsmeyer who first used them to build a simple ship detection device intended to help avoid collisions in fog (Reichspatent Nr.", "History of radar __knowledge__ 165546).", "History of radar __knowledge__ Numerous similar systems, which provided directional information to objects over short ranges, were developed over the next two decades.", "Gender disparity in computing __knowledge__ Global concerns about the gender disparity in computing occupations have gained more importance with the emerging information age.", "Gender disparity in computing __knowledge__ These concerns motivated public policy debates addressing gender equality as computer applications exerted increasing influence in society.", "Gender disparity in computing __knowledge__ This dialogue helped to expand information technology innovations and to reduce the consequences of sexism.", "Gender disparity in computing __knowledge__ A survey, conducted by SWIFT (\"Supporting Women in Information Technology\") based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, asked 7,411 participants questions about their career choices.", "Gender disparity in computing __knowledge__ The survey found that females tend to believe that they lack the skill set needed to be successful in the field of computing.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "P versus NP problem __knowledge__ The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in computer science.", "P versus NP problem __knowledge__ It asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified (technically, verified in polynomial time) can also be solved quickly (again, in polynomial time).", "P versus NP problem __knowledge__ The underlying issues were first discussed in the 1950s, in letters from John Forbes Nash Jr. to the National Security Agency, and from Kurt Gödel to John von Neumann.", "P versus NP problem __knowledge__ The precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced in 1971 by Stephen Cook in his seminal paper \"The complexity of theorem proving procedures\" and is considered by many to be the most important open problem in the field.", "Algorithmic bias __knowledge__ Algorithmic bias occurs when data used to teach a machine learning system reflects implicit values of humans involved in that data collection, selection, or use.", "Algorithmic bias __knowledge__ Algorithmic bias has been identified and critiqued for its impact on search engine results, social media platforms, privacy, and racial profiling.", "Algorithmic bias __knowledge__ In search results, this bias can create results reflecting racist, sexist, or other social biases, despite the presumed neutrality of the data.", "Algorithmic bias __knowledge__ The study of algorithmic bias is most concerned with algorithms that reflect \"systematic and unfair\" discrimination.", "Algorithmic bias __knowledge__ As algorithms expand their ability to organize society, politics, institutions, and behavior, sociologists have become concerned with the ways unanticipated output and manipulation can impact the physical world.", "Information system __knowledge__ An information system (IS) is an organized system for the collection, organization, storage and communication of information.", "Information system __knowledge__ More specifically, it is the study of complementary networks that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and distribute data.", "Information system __knowledge__ \"An information system (IS) is a group of components that interact to produce information.", "Information system __knowledge__ It focuses on the internal rather than the external.\"", "Information system __knowledge__ A computer information system is a system that a branch of Science composed of people and computers that processes or interprets information.", "Information system __knowledge__ The term is also sometimes used in more restricted senses to refer to only the software used to run a computerized database or to refer to only a computer system.", "Dual process theory __knowledge__ In psychology, a dual process theory provides an account of how thought can arise in two different ways, or as a result of two different processes.", "Dual process theory __knowledge__ Often, the two processes consist of an implicit (automatic), unconscious process and an explicit (controlled), conscious process.", "Dual process theory __knowledge__ Verbalized explicit processes or attitudes and actions may change with persuasion or education; though implicit process or attitudes usually take a long amount of time to change with the forming of new habits.", "Dual process theory __knowledge__ Dual process theories can be found in social, personality, cognitive, and clinical psychology.", "Dual process theory __knowledge__ It has also been linked with economics via prospect theory and behavioral economics, and increasingly in sociology through cultural analysis.", "Computing __knowledge__ Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating a mathematical sequence of steps known as an algorithm — e.g.", "Computing __knowledge__ through computers.", "Computing __knowledge__ Computing includes designing, developing and building hardware and software systems; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific research on and with computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; and creating and using communications and entertainment media.", "Computing __knowledge__ The field of computing includes computer engineering, software engineering, computer science, information systems, and information technology.", "Steering cognition __knowledge__ In psychology, steering cognition is a model of a cognitive executive function which contributes to how attention is regulated and corresponding responses coordinated.", "Steering cognition __knowledge__ The term 'steering cognition' was coined by the researcher Simon P. Walker who discovered consistent, replicable patterns of attention and corresponding response through repeated cognitive tests between 2000 and 2015, in studies with over 15,000 individuals. Working with his colleague Jo Walker, he was able to show that these patterns correlated with other cognitive attributes such as mental wellbeing, social competency and academic performance.", "Darwin's Dangerous Idea __knowledge__ Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life is a 1995 book by Daniel Dennett, in which Dennett looks at some of the repercussions of Darwinian theory.", "Darwin's Dangerous Idea __knowledge__ The crux of the argument is that, whether or not Darwin's theories are overturned, there is no going back from the dangerous idea that design (purpose or what something is for) might not need a designer.", "Darwin's Dangerous Idea __knowledge__ Dennett makes this case on the basis that natural selection is a blind process, which is nevertheless sufficiently powerful to explain the evolution of life.", "Darwin's Dangerous Idea __knowledge__ Darwin's discovery was that the generation of life worked algorithmically, that processes behind it work in such a way that given these processes the results that they tend toward must be so." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Computer science __knowledge__ Computer science is the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers.", "Computer science __knowledge__ It is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications and the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to, information.", "Computer science __knowledge__ An alternate, more succinct definition of computer science is the study of automating algorithmic processes that scale.", "Computer science __knowledge__ A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Its fields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of computational and intractable problems), are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications.", "Computer science __knowledge__ Other fields still focus on challenges in implementing computation.", "Computer science __knowledge__ For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems.", "Business student __knowledge__ Business student usually refers to a person who obtained a university degree in Business Administration.", "Business student __knowledge__ Graduates obtaining degree in Business Administration usually with a major in general management, finance, accounting, marketing or strategy.", "Business student __knowledge__ Students graduating with such a degree usually start their careers in the business world.", "Business student __knowledge__ Students may get business degrees at an undergraduate, graduate, or doctorate level.", "Business student __knowledge__ The US education systems awards bachelor's degrees after four years of university which can be followed by the post graduate Master of Business Administration degree.", "Business student __knowledge__ The European system, after the Bologna process, recognizes the 3 years Bachelor degrees, which can be followed by the Master of Science/Arts degrees, after which one can obtain a post graduate Master of Business Administration degree.", "Case Solvers __knowledge__ Case Solvers is a company founded in September 2012 and run by young Hungarian professionals.", "Case Solvers __knowledge__ Case Solvers’ mission is to train young problem solvers, and to create a platform between graduates and the actors of the labor market.", "Case Solvers __knowledge__ The organization was called Hungarian Business Case Society until 2013, then it gradually took up the name ‘Case Solvers’.", "Case Solvers __knowledge__ The team of 35 young Hungarians held more than 250 trainings to talented university students in 27 countries by 2017.", "Case Solvers __knowledge__ Case Solvers was founded as Hungarian Business Case Society in September 2012 by Zsolt Ábrahám, Gergely Balázs and István Juhász.", "Case Solvers __knowledge__ Initially, the organization functioned as a blog where professional articles about case solving were published continually.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "Jake Jabs College of Business and Entrepreneurship __knowledge__ The Jake Jabs College of Business & Entrepreneurship (JJCBE), previously known as the MSU College of Business is the business school of the Montana State University, a public land-grant university located in Bozeman, Montana.", "Jake Jabs College of Business and Entrepreneurship __knowledge__ The college offers a Bachelor of Science in Business degree at the undergraduate level and a Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAc) degree at the graduate level.", "Jake Jabs College of Business and Entrepreneurship __knowledge__ The college is named for MSU alumnus Jake Jabs, president and CEO of American Furniture Warehouse who donated $25 million in 2011 to the university to modernize the college.", "Jake Jabs College of Business and Entrepreneurship __knowledge__ The Jake Jabs College of Business and Entrepreneurship offers a Bachelor of Science undergraduate degree in business with four option areas: accounting, finance, management, and marketing.", "Buzzword __knowledge__ A buzzword is a word or phrase, new or already existing one, that becomes very popular for a period of time.", "Buzzword __knowledge__ Buzzwords often derive from technical terms yet often have much of the original technical meaning removed through fashionable use, being simply used to impress others; although such \"buzzwords\" may still have the full meaning when used in certain technical contexts.", "Buzzword __knowledge__ Buzzwords often originate in jargon, acronyms, or neologisms.", "Buzzword __knowledge__ Examples of overworked business buzzwords include \"synergy, vertical, dynamic, cyber\" and \"strategy\"; a common buzzword phrase is \"\"think outside the box\"\".", "Buzzword __knowledge__ It has been stated that businesses could not operate without buzzwords, as they are shorthands or internal shortcuts that make perfect sense to people informed of the context.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "Sprott School of Business __knowledge__ The Sprott School of Business is a faculty of Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.", "Sprott School of Business __knowledge__ It was named in 2001 for Eric Sprott, a well-known philanthropist, alumnus of the school, and base-metals investor.", "Sprott School of Business __knowledge__ The school is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and the Network of International Business Schools (NIBS).", "Sprott School of Business __knowledge__ Business studies have a long history at Carleton, with the first commerce degrees awarded in 1949.", "Sprott School of Business __knowledge__ Today, the Sprott School of Business offers a range of undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs.", "Sprott School of Business __knowledge__ The school is also highly research-oriented.", "Common sense __knowledge__ Common sense is sound practical judgment concerning everyday matters, or a basic ability to perceive, understand, and judge that is shared by (\"common to\") nearly all people.", "Common sense __knowledge__ The first type of common sense, good sense, can be described as \"the knack for seeing things as they are, and doing things as they ought to be done.\"", "Common sense __knowledge__ The second type is sometimes described as folk wisdom, \"signifying unreflective knowledge not reliant on specialized training or deliberative thought.\"", "Common sense __knowledge__ The two types are intertwined, as the person who has common sense is in touch with common-sense ideas, which emerge from the lived experiences of those commonsensical enough to perceive them.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" and \"Digimon Adventure 02\" are the first two seasons of the Digimon anime series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" originally aired from March 7, 1999 – March 26, 2000 whilst \"Digimon Adventure 02\" originally aired from April 2, 2000 – March 25, 2001 as a direct sequel to the preceding series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ Both series feature a variety of different characters but mostly centre upon \"The DigiDestined\", a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ A sequel 6-part movie series titled \"Digimon Adventure tri.\"", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ started airing in November 2015. are a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "Fuzzy concept __knowledge__ A fuzzy concept is a concept of which the boundaries of application can vary considerably according to context or conditions, instead of being fixed once and for all.", "Fuzzy concept __knowledge__ This means the concept is \"vague\" in some way, lacking a fixed, precise meaning, without however being unclear or meaningless altogether.", "Fuzzy concept __knowledge__ It has a definite meaning, which can be made more precise only through further elaboration and specification, including a closer definition of the context in which the concept is used.", "Fuzzy concept __knowledge__ A fuzzy concept is understood by scientists as a concept which is \"to an extent applicable\" in a situation, and it therefore implies gradations of significance or unsharp (variable) boundaries of application.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "List of Internet pioneers __knowledge__ Instead of a single \"inventor\", the Internet was developed by many people over many years.", "List of Internet pioneers __knowledge__ The following are some Internet pioneers who contributed to its early development.", "List of Internet pioneers __knowledge__ These include early theoretical foundations, specifying original protocols, and expansion beyond a research tool to wide deployment.", "List of Internet pioneers __knowledge__ Claude Shannon (1916–2001) called the \"father of modern information theory\", published \"A Mathematical Theory of Communication\" in 1948.", "List of Internet pioneers __knowledge__ His paper gave a formal way of studying communication channels.", "List of Internet pioneers __knowledge__ It established fundamental limits on the efficiency of communication over noisy channels, and presented the challenge of finding families of codes to achieve capacity.", "Common Sense Media __knowledge__ Common Sense Media (CSM) is a San Francisco-based non-profit organization that provides education and advocacy to families to promote safe technology and media for children.", "Common Sense Media __knowledge__ Founded by Jim Steyer in 2003, Common Sense Media reviews books, movies, TV shows, video games, apps, music, and websites and rates them in terms of age-appropriate educational content, positive messages/role models, violence, sex and profanity, and more for parents making media choices for their kids.", "Common Sense Media __knowledge__ Common Sense Media has also developed a set of ratings that are intended to gauge the educational value of videos, games, and apps.", "Simulation __knowledge__ Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time.", "Simulation __knowledge__ The act of simulating something first requires that a model be developed; this model represents the key characteristics, behaviors and functions of the selected physical or abstract system or process.", "Simulation __knowledge__ The model represents the system itself, whereas the simulation represents the operation of the system over time.", "Simulation __knowledge__ Simulation is used in many contexts, such as simulation of technology for performance optimization, safety engineering, testing, training, education, and video games.", "Simulation __knowledge__ Often, computer experiments are used to study simulation models." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 9, 10 ]

[ "Do you think Computer science or the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering is the most useful degree? ", "I think the study of automating algorithmic processes is going to be to the next generation what the business degree was to mine.", "I can only hope computer scientist also retain so of the common sense that you need in the real world. ", "I guess we will always need people with finance, accounting, marketing or strategy degrees." ]

[ "Computer science", "Computer science", "Computer science", "Computer science" ]

[ "Dog", "Wao i have no idea of dog breeds, whats their best qualities?", "It must be scary to have some kind of dog similar to a wolf, are they friendly or to defend? is it safe to have kids around?", "That is so cool, besides dogs, which other animal would be a friendly pet for families at home?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Dog breeds are dogs that have relatively uniform physical characteristics developed under controlled conditions by humans, with breeding animals selected for phenotypic traits such as size, coat color, structure, and behavior.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes 337 pure dog breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Other uses of the term breed when referring to dogs may include pure breeds, cross-breeds, mixed breeds and natural breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ In 2017, a study showed that 9,000 years ago the domestic dog was present at what is now Zhokhov Island, arctic north-eastern Siberia, which was connected to the mainland at that time.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dog types are broad categories of dogs based on form, function or style of work, lineage, or appearance.", "Dog type __knowledge__ In contrast, modern \"dog breeds\" are particular breed standards, sharing a common set of heritable characteristics, determined by the kennel club that recognizes the breed.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dog types include ancestral forms (or \"landraces\") that arose undocumented over a long time.", "Dog type __knowledge__ A \"dog type\" can be referred to broadly, as in gun dog, or more specifically, as in spaniel.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dogs raised and trained for a specific working ability rather than appearance may not closely resemble other dogs doing the same work, or any of the dogs of the analogous breed group of purebred dogs.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Breed-specific legislation is a law passed by a legislative body pertaining to a specific breed or breeds of domesticated animals.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ In practice, it generally refers to laws pertaining to a specific dog breed or breeds.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Some jurisdictions have enacted breed-specific legislation in response to a number of well-publicized incidents involving pit bull-type dogs or other dog breeds commonly used in dog fighting, and some government organizations such as the United States Army and Marine Corps have taken administrative action as well.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ This legislation ranges from outright bans on the possession of these dogs, to restrictions and conditions on ownership, and often establishes a legal presumption that these dogs are \"prima facie\" legally \"dangerous\" or \"vicious\".", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ A dog bite is a bite inflicted upon a person, a group of persons or another animal by a dog.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ One or more successive bites is often considered a dog attack.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ The majority of dog bites do not result in injury, disfigurement, infection or permanent disability.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ Another type of dog bite is the 'soft bite' displayed by well-trained dogs, puppies and in non-aggressive play.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ Situations in which dog bites occur include dog fighting, mistreatment, trained dogs acting as guard or military animals, provoked or unprovoked.", "Dog bite __knowledge__ There is considerable debate on whether or not certain breeds of dogs are inherently more prone to commit attacks causing serious injury (i.e., so driven by instinct and breeding that, under certain circumstances, they are exceedingly likely to attempt or commit dangerous attacks).", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ The taxon dingo refers to the native dog found in Australia but may at times also refer to some similar dogs native to peninsular and island southeast Asia and neighboring regions, such as the New Guinea singing dog.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ The genetic evidence indicates that the \"dingo\" clade originated from East Asian domestic dogs and was introduced through the Southeast Asian archipelago into Australia, with a common ancestry between the Australian dingo and the New Guinea singing dog.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in his \"Systema Naturae\" the taxonomic classification of species.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ \"Canis\" is a Latin word meaning dog, and under this genus he listed the dog-like carnivores including domestic dogs, wolves, and jackals.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ The Paleolithic dog was a Late Pleistocene canine.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ They were directly associated with human hunting camps in Europe over 30,000 years before present (YBP) and it is proposed that they were domesticated.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ They are also proposed to be either a proto-dog and the ancestor of the domestic dog or an extinct morphologically and genetically divergent wolf population.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ A study has classified the Paleolithic dog as \"Canis c.f.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ familiaris\" where c.f.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ is used in Latin to mean confer, uncertain (\"Canis\" believed to be \"familiaris\").", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ Previously in 1969, a study of ancient mammoth-bone dwellings at the Mezine paleolithic site in the Chernigov region, Ukraine uncovered 3 possibly domesticated \"short-faced wolves\".", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Novgorod case __knowledge__ The Novgorod Case is the conventional term used in the Russian blogosphere and mass media for the controversial criminal case against Mrs. Antonina Martynova (formerly Fyodorova, \"née\" Stepanova).", "Novgorod case __knowledge__ She is facing charges of attempted murder of her daughter Alisa, then two years and seven months old, based solely on an 11-year-old boy's eyewitness account.", "Novgorod case __knowledge__ Antonina is being prosecuted under Articles 30.3 (\"Preparations for a Crime, and Attempted Crimes\") and 105.2 (\"Murder\") of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (CC-RF henceforth; these links and other Code(s) links below are for the English translation(s) of the latest versions of the Code(s), those currently in force in Russia).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Dog breeds are dogs that have relatively uniform physical characteristics developed under controlled conditions by humans, with breeding animals selected for phenotypic traits such as size, coat color, structure, and behavior.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes 337 pure dog breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Other uses of the term breed when referring to dogs may include pure breeds, cross-breeds, mixed breeds and natural breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ In 2017, a study showed that 9,000 years ago the domestic dog was present at what is now Zhokhov Island, arctic north-eastern Siberia, which was connected to the mainland at that time.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Breed-specific legislation is a law passed by a legislative body pertaining to a specific breed or breeds of domesticated animals.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ In practice, it generally refers to laws pertaining to a specific dog breed or breeds.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Some jurisdictions have enacted breed-specific legislation in response to a number of well-publicized incidents involving pit bull-type dogs or other dog breeds commonly used in dog fighting, and some government organizations such as the United States Army and Marine Corps have taken administrative action as well.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ This legislation ranges from outright bans on the possession of these dogs, to restrictions and conditions on ownership, and often establishes a legal presumption that these dogs are \"prima facie\" legally \"dangerous\" or \"vicious\".", "Mongrel __knowledge__ A mongrel, mixed-breed dog or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one recognized breed and is not the result of intentional breeding.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Estimates place their numbers at 150 million animals worldwide.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although the term \"mixed-breed dog\" is preferred by some, many mongrels have no known purebred ancestors.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Furthermore, crossbreed dogs, while literally a mix of breeds, differ from mongrels in being intentionally bred.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although mongrels have at times been considered somehow lesser than intentionally bred dogs, they are thought to be less susceptible to genetic health problems associated with dog breeding (based on the theory of heterosis), and have enthusiasts and defenders who prefer them to intentionally bred dogs.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The American Bulldog is also sometimes included.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Many of these breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs (used to hold the faces and heads of larger animals such as bulls) and terriers.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ After the use of dogs in blood sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock, and as family companions.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dog types are broad categories of dogs based on form, function or style of work, lineage, or appearance.", "Dog type __knowledge__ In contrast, modern \"dog breeds\" are particular breed standards, sharing a common set of heritable characteristics, determined by the kennel club that recognizes the breed.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dog types include ancestral forms (or \"landraces\") that arose undocumented over a long time.", "Dog type __knowledge__ A \"dog type\" can be referred to broadly, as in gun dog, or more specifically, as in spaniel.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dogs raised and trained for a specific working ability rather than appearance may not closely resemble other dogs doing the same work, or any of the dogs of the analogous breed group of purebred dogs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Raw feeding __knowledge__ Raw feeding is the practice of feeding domestic dogs, cats and other animals a diet consisting primarily of uncooked meat, edible bones, and organs.", "Raw feeding __knowledge__ The ingredients used to formulate raw diets can vary.", "Raw feeding __knowledge__ Some pet owners choose to make home-made raw diets to feed their animals but commercial raw food diets are also available.", "Raw feeding __knowledge__ The practice of feeding raw diets has raised some concerns due to the risk of food borne illnesses, zoonosis and nutritional imbalances.", "Raw feeding __knowledge__ People who feed their dogs raw food do so for a multitude of reasons, including but not limited to: culture, beliefs surrounding health, nutrition and what is perceived to be more natural for their pets.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Dog food is food specifically formulated and intended for consumption by dogs and other related canines.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Like all carnivores, dogs have sharp, pointed teeth, and have short gastrointestinal tracts better suited for the consumption of meat.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In spite of this natural carnivorous design, dogs have still managed to adapt over thousands of years to survive on the meat and non-meat scraps and leftovers of human existence and thrive on a variety of foods.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In the United States alone, dog owners spent over $8.6 billion on commercially manufactured dog food in 2007.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Some people make their own dog food, feed their dogs meals made from ingredients purchased in grocery or health food stores or give their dogs a raw food diet.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Dog fighting in the United States is an activity in which fights between two game dogs are staged as a form of entertainment and gambling.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Such activity has existed since the early 19th century in the United States and was gradually prohibited in all states.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ It continues as an underground activity in both rural and urban locations.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, police and animal control law enforcement task forces of primarily local and state authorities were formed in many parts of the country to combat dog fighting rings to combat serious animal welfare violations with links to organized crime and social problems.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Беляев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ His decades-long effort to breed domesticated foxes was described by \"The New York Times\" as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.” Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the wild silver fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Goat __knowledge__ The domestic goat (\"Capra aegagrus hircus\") is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.", "Goat __knowledge__ The goat is a member of the family Bovidae and is closely related to the sheep as both are in the goat-antelope subfamily Caprinae.", "Goat __knowledge__ There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat.", "Goat __knowledge__ Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species, and have been used for their milk, meat, hair, and skins over much of the world.", "Goat __knowledge__ In 2011, there were more than 924 million live goats around the globe, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.", "Goat __knowledge__ Female goats are referred to as \"does\" or \"nannies\", intact males are called \"bucks\" or \"billies\" and juveniles of both sexes are called \"kids\"." ] ]

[ 1, 9, 3, 56 ]

[ "I have two dogs.They are a member of the genus Canis which is similar to a wolf.", "Dog breeds are dogs that have similar physical characteristics developed my humans who breed them.", "Well they just look similar to a wolf. Dogs were the first domesticated species selectively bred over tons of years.", "You could get a goat. They are one of the oldest domesticated species and people use them for milk, hair, meat, etc." ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Metallica", "Yes I have! I used to play in a rock band when I was younger and we'd play their songs. Do you listen to them?", "Really? I didn't know they were so old! I love For Whom the Bell Tools. Such a classic sound. Have you ever seen them in concert?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica earned a growing fan base in the underground music community and won critical acclaim with its first five albums.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's third album, \"Master of Puppets\" (1986), was described as one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums; its eponymous fifth album, \"Metallica\" (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era.", "Metallica __knowledge__ After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases, the band returned to its thrash metal roots with the release of its ninth album, \"Death Magnetic\" (2008), which drew similar praise to that of the band's earlier albums." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica earned a growing fan base in the underground music community and won critical acclaim with its first five albums.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's third album, \"Master of Puppets\" (1986), was described as one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums; its eponymous fifth album, \"Metallica\" (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era.", "Metallica __knowledge__ After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases, the band returned to its thrash metal roots with the release of its ninth album, \"Death Magnetic\" (2008), which drew similar praise to that of the band's earlier albums.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ Rock Band is a series of music video games developed by Harmonix and MTV Games, and distributed by Electronic Arts for the Nintendo DS, iOS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PSP, Wii, Xbox One and Xbox 360 game systems.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ The series, inspired by Harmonix's previous efforts on the \"Guitar Hero\" series, allows up to four players to simulate the performance of popular rock music songs by playing with controllers modeled after musical instruments.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ Players can play the lead guitar, bass guitar, keyboard, and drums parts to songs, as well as sing into a USB microphone.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ Players are scored on their ability to match scrolling musical notes while playing instruments, and by their ability to match the singer's pitch on vocals.", "Rock Band 2 __knowledge__ Rock Band 2 is a 2008 music video game developed by Harmonix.", "Rock Band 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to \"Rock Band\" and is the second title in the series.", "Rock Band 2 __knowledge__ The game allows up to four players to simulate the performance of popular songs by playing with controllers modeled after musical instruments.", "Rock Band 2 __knowledge__ Players can play the lead guitar, bass guitar, and drums parts to songs with \"instrument controllers\", as well as sing through a USB microphone.", "Rock Band 2 __knowledge__ Players are scored on their ability to match scrolling musical \"notes\" while playing instruments, or by their ability to match the singer's pitch on vocals.", "Rock Band 2 __knowledge__ \"Rock Band 2\" features improved drum and guitar controllers, while supporting older controllers, as well.", "Rock Band 3 __knowledge__ Rock Band 3 is a 2010 music video game developed by Harmonix.", "Rock Band 3 __knowledge__ The game was initially published and distributed by MTV Games and Electronic Arts, respectively, in late October 2010.", "Rock Band 3 __knowledge__ Mad Catz took over both roles and re-released the title on November 23, 2011.", "Rock Band 3 __knowledge__ It is the third main game in the \"Rock Band\" series.", "Rock Band 3 __knowledge__ As with the previous titles, \"Rock Band 3\" allows players to simulate the playing of rock music and many other subgenres using special instrument controllers mimicking lead and bass guitar, drums, and vocals.", "Rock Band 3 __knowledge__ \"Rock Band 3\" expands upon previous games by including three-part vocal harmonies — previously used in \"\" and \"\" (up to 3 singers on a song) — plus support for MIDI-compatible keyboards, electronic drumkits, and even use of a real guitar in \"Pro\" mode.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Richard Christopher \"Rick\" Wakeman (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, television and radio presenter, and author.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo albums released in the 1970s.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is a current member of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Born and raised in West London, Wakeman intended to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session musician.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ His early sessions included playing on \"Space Oddity\", among others, for David Bowie and songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Stevens.", "Rock Band (video game) __knowledge__ Rock Band is a music video game developed by Harmonix, published by MTV Games and Electronic Arts.", "Rock Band (video game) __knowledge__ It is the first title in the \"Rock Band\" series.", "Rock Band (video game) __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions were released in North America on November 20, 2007, while the PlayStation 2 version was released on December 18, 2007 with the Wii version being released on June 22, 2008.", "Rock Band (video game) __knowledge__ The Xbox 360 version was released in Europe on May 23, 2008 while the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, and Wii versions were released on September 12, 2008.", "Rock Band (video game) __knowledge__ All four ports of the game were released in Australia on November 7, 2008.", "Rock Band (video game) __knowledge__ The game was to be released in Japan and to be developed by Q Entertainment but it was canceled.", "Rock Band 4 __knowledge__ Rock Band 4 is a 2015 music video game developed and published by Harmonix.", "Rock Band 4 __knowledge__ \"Rock Band 4\" allows players to simulate the playing of music across many different decades and genres using instrument controllers that mimic playing lead and bass guitar, drums, and vocals.", "Rock Band 4 __knowledge__ As the fourth main installment in the \"Rock Band\" franchise, it was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on October 6, 2015.", "Rock Band 4 __knowledge__ Mad Catz, who also developed new instrument controllers for the game, marketed and distributed the title worldwide at launch; Performance Designed Products (PDP) will take over manufacturing and distribution by the end of 2016.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Kill 'Em All __knowledge__ Kill 'Em All is the debut studio album by the American heavy metal band Metallica, released on July 25, 1983, by the independent record label Megaforce Records.", "Kill 'Em All __knowledge__ \"Kill 'Em All\" is regarded as a groundbreaking album for thrash metal because of its precise musicianship, which fuses new wave of British heavy metal riffs with hardcore punk tempos.", "Kill 'Em All __knowledge__ The album's musical approach and lyrics were markedly different from rock's mainstream of the early 1980s and inspired a number of bands who followed in similar manner.", "Kill 'Em All __knowledge__ The album did not enter the \"Billboard\" 200 until 1986, when it peaked at number 155, following Metallica's commercial success with its third studio album \"Master of Puppets\"; the 1988 Elektra reissue peaked at number 120.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Megadeth is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassist David Ellefson formed the band in 1983 shortly after Mustaine's dismissal from Metallica.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ A pioneer of the American thrash metal scene, Megadeth is credited as one of the genre's \"big four,\" along with Metallica, Anthrax, and Slayer, responsible for thrash metal's development and popularization.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Megadeth plays in a technical style, featuring complex arrangements and fast rhythm sections.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Themes of death, war, politics, and religion are prominent in the song lyrics.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ In 1985, the band released its debut album, \"Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!", "...And Justice for All (album) __knowledge__ ...And Justice for All is the fourth studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released on August 25, 1988, through Elektra Records.", "...And Justice for All (album) __knowledge__ It was the band's first studio album to feature bassist Jason Newsted after the death of Cliff Burton in 1986.", "...And Justice for All (album) __knowledge__ The band recorded \"...And Justice for All\" during early 1988 at One on One Recording Studios in Los Angeles.", "...And Justice for All (album) __knowledge__ Musically, the album is progressive, with long and complex songs, fast tempos, and few verse-chorus structures.", "...And Justice for All (album) __knowledge__ It is noted for its sterile production, which producer Flemming Rasmussen attributed to his absence during the mixing process.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath were an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band helped define the genre with releases such as \"Black Sabbath\" (1970), \"Paranoid\" (1970) and \"Master of Reality\" (1971).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band had multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Formed in 1968 as the Polka Tulk Blues Band, a blues rock band, the group went through line up changes, renamed themselves as Earth, broke up and reformed.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ Metallica (commonly known as The Black Album) is the self-titled fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ Released on August 12, 1991 by Elektra Records, it received widespread critical acclaim and became the band's best-selling album.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ \"Metallica\" produced five singles that are considered to be among the band's best-known songs, which include \"Enter Sandman\", \"The Unforgiven\", \"Nothing Else Matters\", \"Wherever I May Roam\", and \"Sad but True\".", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ A sixth song, \"Don't Tread on Me\", was also issued to rock radio shortly after the album's release, but the song did not receive a commercial single release." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica earned a growing fan base in the underground music community and won critical acclaim with its first five albums.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's third album, \"Master of Puppets\" (1986), was described as one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums; its eponymous fifth album, \"Metallica\" (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era.", "Metallica __knowledge__ After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases, the band returned to its thrash metal roots with the release of its ninth album, \"Death Magnetic\" (2008), which drew similar praise to that of the band's earlier albums.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ The 53rd Disney animated feature film, the film is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ \"Frozen\" underwent several story treatments for years before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck.", "The Way I See It __knowledge__ The Way I See It is the 2008 third studio album by American R&B singer, songwriter, and producer Raphael Saadiq.", "The Way I See It __knowledge__ After independently releasing his 2004 album \"Ray Ray\", Saadiq continued working on other artists' projects and developed a partnership with audio engineer Charles Brungardt, who shared the singer's fascination with historic recording techniques and equipment.", "The Way I See It __knowledge__ In 2008, he returned from a vacation that inspired him to pursue classic soul music and recorded \"The Way I See It\" primarily at his North Hollywood studio with the engineer.", "The Way I See It __knowledge__ Saadiq and Brungardt disregarded their previous experience in recording production while making \"The Way I See It\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer, musician, and actor.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\" or simply \"the King\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African American music to a wider audience.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Oreste Calleja __knowledge__ Oreste Calleja (born November 20, 1946) is a Maltese playwright.", "Oreste Calleja __knowledge__ Oreste Calleja was born in Hamrun, Malta.", "Oreste Calleja __knowledge__ He studied at the Lyceum Grammar School and St Michael's Teachers’ Training College (1964–66).", "Oreste Calleja __knowledge__ He attended the University of London, Birkbeck College in 1974-75, and in 1990, studied at North Florida University and Jacksonville University, Florida, from where he obtained a BA in Fine Arts and French in 1990.", "Oreste Calleja __knowledge__ In the 1960s, Calleja was a committee member of the Moviment Qawmien Letterarju, and after a short stint of writing in English, he started writing plays for the stage, radio, and television in Maltese.", "Melissa Hastings __knowledge__ Melissa Hastings is a fictional character in the \"Pretty Little Liars\" franchise.", "Melissa Hastings __knowledge__ Created in 2006 by Sara Shepard for the book series, the character was later reworked by I. Marlene King, the developer of the television series, in which she is portrayed by Torrey DeVitto.", "Melissa Hastings __knowledge__ An antiheroine, Melissa is primarily sister to protagonist Spencer Hastings, and the daughter of Peter and Veronica Hastings.", "Melissa Hastings __knowledge__ She is a fierce woman who does everything to succeed in her life goals.", "Melissa Hastings __knowledge__ In print, she is a guest character, while on screen Melissa has a much bigger presence in the story.", "Melissa Hastings __knowledge__ Melissa has had recurring appearances in most of the \"Pretty Little Liars\" novels, starting with the 2006 homonymous book.", "Sexual Preference (book) __knowledge__ Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women (1981) is a book about the development of sexual orientation by the psychologist Alan P. Bell and the sociologists Martin S. Weinberg and Sue Kiefer Hammersmith, in which the authors reevaluate what were at the time of its publication widely held ideas about the origins of heterosexuality and homosexuality, sometimes rejecting entirely the factors proposed as causes, and in other cases concluding that their importance had been exaggerated.", "Sexual Preference (book) __knowledge__ Produced with the help of the American National Institute of Mental Health, the study was a publication of the Institute for Sex Research.", "Diving bell __knowledge__ A diving bell is a rigid chamber used to transport divers from the surface to depth and back in open water, usually for the purpose of performing underwater work.", "Diving bell __knowledge__ The most common types are the open bottomed wet bell and the closed bell, which can maintain an internal pressure greater than the external ambient.", "Diving bell __knowledge__ Diving bells are usually suspended by a cable, and lifted and lowered by a winch from a surface support platform.", "Diving bell __knowledge__ Unlike a submersible, the diving bell is not designed to move under the control of its occupants, nor to operate independently of its launch and recovery system.", "Diving bell __knowledge__ The wet bell is a structure with an airtight chamber which is open to the water at the bottom, that is lowered underwater to operate as a base or a means of transport for a small number of divers.", "Beaker culture __knowledge__ The Bell-Beaker culture (sometimes shortened to Beaker culture, is the term for a widely scattered archaeological culture of prehistoric western and Central Europe, starting in the late Neolithic or Chalcolithic and running into the early Bronze Age (in British terminology).", "Beaker culture __knowledge__ The term was coined by John Abercromby, based on the culture's distinctive pottery beakers, which he interpreted as drinking vessels.", "Beaker culture __knowledge__ The Bell Beaker culture is understood as not only a particular pottery type, but also a complete and complex cultural phenomenon involving metalwork in copper, gold, archery, specific types of ornamentation and shared ideological, cultural and religious ideas.", "Jenna Marshall __knowledge__ Jenna Marshall is a fictional character created by Sara Shepard for the \"Pretty Little Liars\" book series, and later developed for the Freeform television series adaptation by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Tammin Sursok.", "Jenna Marshall __knowledge__ Jenna is one of the main antagonists in the TV show.", "Jenna Marshall __knowledge__ Her blindness is a result of a prank orchestrated by Alison DiLaurentis, making it the Liars' deadliest secret until Hanna Marin accidentally runs over Archer Dunhill.", "Jenna Marshall __knowledge__ Although in the novels Jenna is murdered in \"Wanted\", in the show she is still alive.", "Jenna Marshall __knowledge__ Jenna is a major recurring character in the first five seasons, acting as a member of the A-Team, while being absent for the sixth, and returning as a secondary antagonist in the seventh, working as a helper to Uber A. Toby had described Jenna as \"someone who gets whatever she wants\".", "Ground Zero: In Your House __knowledge__ Ground Zero: In Your House was the seventeenth In Your House professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and presented by Stridex, which took place on September 7, 1997 at Louisville Gardens in Louisville, Kentucky.", "Ground Zero: In Your House __knowledge__ This was the first three-hour In Your House pay-per-view, and also the first that featured the \"In Your House\" name as the subtitle rather than the main title.", "Ground Zero: In Your House __knowledge__ Seven professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the card.", "Ground Zero: In Your House __knowledge__ The main event saw Shawn Michaels and The Undertaker wrestle to a no contest.", "Ground Zero: In Your House __knowledge__ In another featured match, Bret Hart defeated The Patriot to retain the WWF World Heavyweight Championship." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 0 ]

[ "Metallica is an awesome heavy metal band from Los Angeles. Ever heard of them?", "I do! For Whom the Bell Tools in particular. They were formed in 1981!", "Tolls* I csn't believe I made that typo. I have once when they rolled around Atlanta a while back!" ]

[ "Metallica", "Metallica", "Metallica" ]

[ "Lady Gaga\nI never cared much for lady gaga.", "yea and she always dresses really weird.", "wow that mustve been really difficult, im happy for her.", "that takes a lot of confidence and balls." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She is known for her unconventionality and provocative work as well as experimenting with new images.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga began her musical career performing songs at open mic nights and school plays.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She studied at CAP21 through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to become a professional musician.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ After Def Jam Recordings cancelled her contract, Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album, a dance-pop and electropop record titled \"The Fame\", and its chart-topping singles \"Just Dance\" and \"Poker Face\".", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ A follow-up EP, \"The Fame Monster\" (2009), featuring the singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\", and \"Alejandro\", also proved successful.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga's second full-length album \"Born This Way\" (2011) explored electronic rock and techno.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ The album topped the US charts, where it sold more than one million copies in its first week.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Its title track also became the fastest selling song on iTunes with over a million downloads in less than a week.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ The Fame Monster is a reissue of American singer Lady Gaga's debut studio album, \"The Fame\" (2008), and was released on November 18, 2009, through Interscope Records.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ Initially planned solely as a deluxe edition reissue of \"The Fame\", Interscope later decided to release the eight new songs as a standalone EP in some territories.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ The decision was also because Gaga believed the re-release was too expensive and that the albums were conceptually different, describing them as yin and yang.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ The deluxe edition is a double album featuring the eight new songs on the first disc and \"The Fame\" on the second disc.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ Joanne is the fifth studio album by American singer Lady Gaga.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ It was released on October 21, 2016, by Streamline and Interscope Records.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ The album's production was led by Mark Ronson, Gaga herself and BloodPop, alongside a variety of collaborators including Kevin Parker, Emile Haynie, Jeff Bhasker and Josh Homme.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ The music of \"Joanne\" features \"stripped-down\" soft rock and dance-pop styles in order to emphasize the singer's vocal abilities.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the album delves on the theme of family and life's emotions, with the death of her aunt, Joanne Stefani Germanotta, having a deep influence on the record.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ The Monster Ball Tour was the second worldwide concert tour by American singer Lady Gaga.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ Staged in support of her extended play \"The Fame Monster\" (2009) and comprising a set list of songs from that and her debut album \"The Fame\" (2008), the tour visited arenas and stadiums from 2009 through 2011.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ Described as \"the first-ever pop electro opera\" by Gaga, the tour was announced in October 2009 after an intended joint concert tour with hip-hop artist Kanye West was suddenly canceled.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ The Monster Ball Tour commenced four days after the release of \"The Fame Monster\" in November 2009.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ A revision of the tour occurred after only a few months of performances, due to Gaga's concern that the original version was constructed within a very short span of time.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ \"Marry the Night\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Lady Gaga.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ It was released as the fifth and final single from her second studio album, \"Born This Way\" (2011).", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Lady Gaga and Fernando Garibay, and was recorded on the tour bus during The Monster Ball Tour with Garibay.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ Revealed in February 2011, the song was inspired by the energy of Gaga's previous song \"Dance in the Dark\" and the love for her hometown, New York City.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ The song was released for promotion on Farmville, six days before the release of \"Born This Way\".", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ \"Marry the Night\" is a dance-pop and synthpop song influenced by electro rock and house music.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ \"Bad Romance\" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third extended play, \"The Fame Monster\" (2009).", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Gaga and RedOne.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Bad Romance\" explores Gaga's attraction to individuals with whom romance never works, her preference for lonely relationships and the paranoia she experienced while on tour.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ Following an illegal demo leak, Gaga showcased the final product at Alexander McQueen's show at the Paris Fashion Week in October 2009, followed by the release of the single's cover art.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ Musically, \"Bad Romance\" features a spoken bridge, a full-throated chorus and sung lyrics about being in love with one's best friend.", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ \"Lisa Goes Gaga\" is the twenty-second and final episode of the twenty-third season of the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\".", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 20, 2012.", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ In the episode, American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga makes a visit to Springfield, where all of its residents are in a state of depression.", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ Main character Lisa Simpson is arguably the most depressed person in the city, prompting Gaga to go out of her way to teach Lisa the meaning of happiness.", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ The episode was written by Tim Long and directed by Matthew Schofield.", "Lisa Goes Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga guest-starred in the episode, portraying an animated version of herself." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She is known for her unconventionality and provocative work as well as experimenting with new images.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga began her musical career performing songs at open mic nights and school plays.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She studied at CAP21 through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to become a professional musician.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ After Def Jam Recordings cancelled her contract, Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album, a dance-pop and electropop record titled \"The Fame\", and its chart-topping singles \"Just Dance\" and \"Poker Face\".", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ A follow-up EP, \"The Fame Monster\" (2009), featuring the singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\", and \"Alejandro\", also proved successful.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga's second full-length album \"Born This Way\" (2011) explored electronic rock and techno.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ The album topped the US charts, where it sold more than one million copies in its first week.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Its title track also became the fastest selling song on iTunes with over a million downloads in less than a week.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2012 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ New characters were introduced by Bryan Kirkwood, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ He stepped down from the role in April.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ His last episode was on 13 July 2012.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ From 16 July, characters were introduced by his successor, Lorraine Newman.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was the undertaker, Les Coker.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first regular character to be announced was Ray Dixon, the father of Morgan Butcher, followed by Alice Branning, the daughter of Derek Branning and, Alice's brother, Joey.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ June 2012 also saw the first birth of the year: Janine Butcher and Michael Moon's daughter, Scarlett.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Weird Tales is an American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine founded by J. C. Henneberger and J. M. Lansinger in March 1923.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first editor, Edwin Baird, printed early work by H. P. Lovecraft, Seabury Quinn, and Clark Ashton Smith, all of whom would go on to be popular writers, but within a year the magazine was in financial trouble.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Henneberger sold his interest in the publisher, Rural Publishing Corporation, to Lansinger and refinanced \"Weird Tales\", with Farnsworth Wright as the new editor.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first issue under Wright's control was dated November 1924.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The magazine was more successful under Wright, and despite occasional financial setbacks it prospered over the next fifteen years.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Shake It Out __knowledge__ \"Shake It Out\" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine, released as the first official single from their second studio album, \"Ceremonials\" (2011).", "Shake It Out __knowledge__ It was written by Florence Welch and Paul Epworth, while production was handled by Epworth.", "Shake It Out __knowledge__ The song was digitally released in Australia on 14 September 2011, and it was available in the United States on 19 October.", "Shake It Out __knowledge__ It had its radio debut on XFM on 14 September 2011 in the United Kingdom.", "Shake It Out __knowledge__ Welch revealed that the song was written within an hour and according to her it talked about shaking the regrets and the things that were haunting her.", "Skintern __knowledge__ In American workplaces, \"skintern\" is an informal term for a summer intern, usually female, who dresses in clothing more revealing than that which is common for the field in question.", "Skintern __knowledge__ The term is a portmanteau of \"skin\" and \"intern\".", "Skintern __knowledge__ It was first widely used about such interns working in offices of members of the U.S. House of Representatives in Washington, D.C. around the mid-2000s; Julia Allison claims it was used in that sense as early as 2000.", "Skintern __knowledge__ Since then it has spread to other industries outside government and politics that also employ summer interns.", "Skintern __knowledge__ The phenomenon is sometimes a deliberate sartorial strategy, but more often is believed to result from ignorance of accepted professional dress standards.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Rachel McKenna is a fictional character from the New Zealand soap opera \"Shortland Street\", played by Angela Bloomfield and who made her first appearance in early 1993.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Bloomfield left the role in 1999, before returning in 2001 and departing in 2003.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ She returned in a guest role in 2007 and again in a full-time role in 2009 before departing once again in 2016.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Arriving as part of the McKenna family unit, Rachel debuted in early 1993 alongside her mother Alex (Liddy Holloway), the estranged wife of hospital CEO Michael McKenna (Paul Gittins).", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ The family were later joined by Rachel's homosexual brother Jonathon (Kieren Hutchison).", "Nil Lara __knowledge__ Nil Lara (born 1964) is a Cuban-American musician from Miami, Florida who is a singer, guitarist and songwriter, playing the tres, the six-stringed Cuban guitar, and the cuatro, a Venezuelan guitar.", "Nil Lara __knowledge__ Lara was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Cuban immigrants, but much of his childhood was spent in Venezuela, moving to Caracas at the age of 7.", "Nil Lara __knowledge__ At 8, he had mastered cuatro - a four-string Venezuelan instrument from which he graduated to the guitar.", "Nil Lara __knowledge__ He moved with his family to Miami when he was in junior high.", "Nil Lara __knowledge__ While studying electrical engineering at the University of Miami in Florida, he rediscovered his Cuban roots in guajiro, the Cuban equivalent of country, and \"son\" - Cuban music's answer to the blues.", "Love Against Hate __knowledge__ The book compromises ten chapters in total.", "Love Against Hate __knowledge__ In the early chapters, Menninger builds up on the framework of his previous book \"Man against Himself\" in which he presents the \"psychoanalytic theory of suicide\".", "Love Against Hate __knowledge__ The theory attributes the main reason for suicide to our unconscious wish to die.", "Love Against Hate __knowledge__ Usually, this instinct is neutralized by our love instinct, but under certain circumstances the process fails and our unconscious wish to die takes over.", "Love Against Hate __knowledge__ In Love against Hate, Menninger extends his concept of instinctual forces.", "Love Against Hate __knowledge__ He analyses the main issues of a society which forces the neglect of our instinctual needs and consequently strengthens unconscious passive aggression and self-destructive behavior.", "12 Inches of Sin __knowledge__ 12 Inches of Sin is an annual international juried exhibition of erotic art in Las Vegas.", "12 Inches of Sin __knowledge__ Founded in 2010, it explores human identity, sexuality, gender, and expression.", "12 Inches of Sin __knowledge__ Accepted works include paintings, photographs, digital art, sculpture, illustration, mixed media and short films, but each work must not be larger than 12 inches in any direction (or one foot square).", "12 Inches of Sin __knowledge__ An expert jury of 12 judges chooses 36 artists among 300 submissions.", "12 Inches of Sin __knowledge__ Artists from 23 countries had participated by 2015.", "12 Inches of Sin __knowledge__ 12 Inches of Sin was founded in 2010 by the sexologist and gallerist Laura Henkel in her Sin City Gallery, which was then located in the Arts Factory complex, a warehouse converted into various studios and galleries.", "Eve's Seed __knowledge__ Eve's Seed: Biology, the Sexes, and the Course of History is a 2001 book by noted American historian and writer Robert S. McElvaine that introduced the new field of \"biohistory\" and presents a major reinterpretation of the human experience.", "Eve's Seed __knowledge__ This \"provocative study\" is history on the grandest scale.", "Eve's Seed __knowledge__ It \"re-synthesizes the full sweep of human history around the concept of sexual difference\".", "Eve's Seed __knowledge__ McElvaine utilizes biology, anthropology, psychology, religious studies, women's studies, and popular culture, in addition to more traditional history, in weaving his reinterpreation of the course of human history from evolution to the present.", "Beyond the First Amendment __knowledge__ Beyond the First Amendment: The Politics of Free Speech and Pluralism is a book about freedom of speech and the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, written by author Samuel Peter Nelson.", "Beyond the First Amendment __knowledge__ It was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in 2005.", "Beyond the First Amendment __knowledge__ In it, Nelson discusses how the more general notion of free speech differs from that specifically applied to the First Amendment in American law.", "Beyond the First Amendment __knowledge__ The book was positively received in reviews from academic and legal journals. \"\"", "Beyond the First Amendment __knowledge__ recommended the book due to its thought-provoking propositions, and a review in \"The Journal of Politics\" described it as \"a nice effort to explore free speech issues not covered by the First Amendment or constitutional law\".", "Catholic imagination __knowledge__ Catholic imagination refers to the Catholic viewpoint that God is present in the whole creation and in human beings, as seen in its sacramental system whereby material things and human beings are channels and sources of God's grace.", "Catholic imagination __knowledge__ This terminology was popularized by the Roman Catholic priest Andrew Greeley who wrote:The central symbol (of religion) is God.", "Catholic imagination __knowledge__ One's \"picture\" of God is in fact a metaphorical narrative of God's relationship with the world and the self as part of the world.", "Catholic imagination __knowledge__ ...The Catholic \"classics\" assume a God who is present in the world, disclosing Himself in and through creation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She is known for her unconventionality and provocative work as well as experimenting with new images.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga began her musical career performing songs at open mic nights and school plays.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She studied at CAP21 through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to become a professional musician.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ After Def Jam Recordings cancelled her contract, Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album, a dance-pop and electropop record titled \"The Fame\", and its chart-topping singles \"Just Dance\" and \"Poker Face\".", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ A follow-up EP, \"The Fame Monster\" (2009), featuring the singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\", and \"Alejandro\", also proved successful.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga's second full-length album \"Born This Way\" (2011) explored electronic rock and techno.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ The album topped the US charts, where it sold more than one million copies in its first week.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Its title track also became the fastest selling song on iTunes with over a million downloads in less than a week.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Aérospatiale Alouette III __knowledge__ The Aérospatiale Alouette III (, \"Lark\") is a single-engine, light utility helicopter developed by French aircraft company Sud Aviation.", "Aérospatiale Alouette III __knowledge__ During its production life, it proved to be a relatively popular rotorcraft; including multiple licenced manufacturers, in excess of 2,000 units were constructed.", "Aérospatiale Alouette III __knowledge__ The Alouette III was developed as an enlarged derivative of the earlier and highly successful Alouette II.", "Aérospatiale Alouette III __knowledge__ Sharing many elements with its predecessor while offering an extra pair of seats and other refinements, it quickly became a commercial success amongst both civil and military customers.", "Aérospatiale Alouette III __knowledge__ Further variants were also developed; amongst these was a high-altitude derivative, designated as the SA 315B Lama, entered operational service during July 1971.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Im Tirtzu (Hebrew: אם תרצו, lit.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ 'If you will it') is a Zionist non-governmental organization based in Israel.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Its name is derived from an epigraph appended to the frontespiece of Theodor Herzl's novel Altneuland, 'if you wish it, it is no fairy-tale,' rendered into modern Hebrew in Nahum Sokolow's translation in 1903, as \"Im tirtzu ein zo agadah.\"", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ (\"If you will it, it is no dream.\")", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ On its establishment in 2006, the organization stated that its mission was to renew \"Zionist discourse, Zionist thinking and Zionist ideology to ensure the future of the Jewish nation and the State of Israel.\"", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Claiming to \"strengthen and advance the values of Zionism in Israel\", it sees itself as dedicated to combating a \"campaign of de-legitimization against the State of Israel and to [provide] responses to Post-Zionist and Anti-Zionist phenomena\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "European hare __knowledge__ The European hare (\"Lepus europaeus\"), also known as the brown hare, is a species of hare native to Europe and parts of Asia.", "European hare __knowledge__ It is among the largest hare species and is adapted to temperate, open country.", "European hare __knowledge__ Hares are herbivorous and feed mainly on grasses and herbs, supplementing these with twigs, buds, bark and field crops, particularly in winter.", "European hare __knowledge__ Their natural predators include large birds of prey, canids and felids.", "European hare __knowledge__ They rely on high-speed endurance running to escape from their enemies; having long, powerful limbs and large nostrils.", "European hare __knowledge__ Generally nocturnal and shy in nature, hares change their behaviour in the spring, when they can be seen in broad daylight chasing one another around in fields.", "Open mic __knowledge__ An open mic or open mike (derived from the expression \"open microphone\") is a live show at a coffeehouse, nightclub, comedy club, institution or pub where audience members who are amateur performers or professionals who want to try out new material or plug an upcoming show are given the opportunity to perform onstage.", "Open mic __knowledge__ Typically, as the name suggests, the performer is provided with a microphone which is plugged into a PA system, to make the individual's performance loud enough for the audience to hear.", "Open mic __knowledge__ Often the performers sign up in advance for a time slot with the host or master of ceremonies, typically an experienced performer or the venue manager or owner.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ Joanne is the fifth studio album by American singer Lady Gaga.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ It was released on October 21, 2016, by Streamline and Interscope Records.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ The album's production was led by Mark Ronson, Gaga herself and BloodPop, alongside a variety of collaborators including Kevin Parker, Emile Haynie, Jeff Bhasker and Josh Homme.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ The music of \"Joanne\" features \"stripped-down\" soft rock and dance-pop styles in order to emphasize the singer's vocal abilities.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the album delves on the theme of family and life's emotions, with the death of her aunt, Joanne Stefani Germanotta, having a deep influence on the record.", "Cheek to Cheek (album) __knowledge__ Cheek to Cheek is a collaborative album by American singers Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga.", "Cheek to Cheek (album) __knowledge__ It was released on September 19, 2014, by Interscope Records and Columbia Records.", "Cheek to Cheek (album) __knowledge__ In 2011, Bennett and Gaga first met at the Robin Hood Foundation gala in New York City.", "Cheek to Cheek (album) __knowledge__ After these two later recorded a rendition of \"The Lady Is a Tramp\", they began discussing plans for working on a jazz project.", "Cheek to Cheek (album) __knowledge__ \"Cheek to Cheek\" consists of jazz standards by popular jazz composers such as George Gershwin, Cole Porter, Jerome Kern, and Irving Berlin.", "Cheek to Cheek (album) __knowledge__ The album was inspired by Bennett and Gaga's desire to introduce the songs to a younger generation, since they believed that these tracks had universal appeal.", "Applause (Lady Gaga song) __knowledge__ \"Applause\" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third studio album, \"Artpop\" (2013).", "Applause (Lady Gaga song) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's lead single through Interscope Records on August 12, 2013.", "Applause (Lady Gaga song) __knowledge__ Written and produced by Gaga, DJ White Shadow, Dino Zisis and Nick Monson, additional songwriters included Martin Bresso, Nicolas Mercier, Julien Arias and William Grigahcine.", "Applause (Lady Gaga song) __knowledge__ \"Applause\" was inspired by the cheering of her fans, which kept her motivated during the months she toured with the Born This Way Ball in pain, before cancelling it due to a hip injury.", "Applause (Lady Gaga song) __knowledge__ It is an electropop and Eurodance song built around synthesizers and hi-NRG beats, with lyrics addressing how Gaga is dependent upon her fan's adoration and how she lives to perform.", "Open Mic UK __knowledge__ Open Mic UK is a live music competition run by Future Music Management in the UK for singers, vocalists and solo artists.", "Open Mic UK __knowledge__ Acts compete at regional auditions to get the chance to perform live at live music showcases to reach an annual national final, which has been held at the IndigO2 within The O2 London since 2010, and more recently in National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham.", "Open Mic UK __knowledge__ The event, which offers a recording contract and investment to the final winner, was described by Joel James of \"BBC\" York & North Yorkshire as \"one of the toughest competitions in the country.\"", "Open Mic UK __knowledge__ According to its organisers, Open Mic UK is the largest music search in the United Kingdom for vocal groups and solo artists.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ \"Bad Romance\" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third extended play, \"The Fame Monster\" (2009).", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Gaga and RedOne.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Bad Romance\" explores Gaga's attraction to individuals with whom romance never works, her preference for lonely relationships and the paranoia she experienced while on tour.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ Following an illegal demo leak, Gaga showcased the final product at Alexander McQueen's show at the Paris Fashion Week in October 2009, followed by the release of the single's cover art.", "Bad Romance __knowledge__ Musically, \"Bad Romance\" features a spoken bridge, a full-throated chorus and sung lyrics about being in love with one's best friend." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She is known for her unconventionality and provocative work as well as experimenting with new images.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga began her musical career performing songs at open mic nights and school plays.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She studied at CAP21 through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to become a professional musician.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ After Def Jam Recordings cancelled her contract, Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album, a dance-pop and electropop record titled \"The Fame\", and its chart-topping singles \"Just Dance\" and \"Poker Face\".", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ A follow-up EP, \"The Fame Monster\" (2009), featuring the singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\", and \"Alejandro\", also proved successful.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga's second full-length album \"Born This Way\" (2011) explored electronic rock and techno.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ The album topped the US charts, where it sold more than one million copies in its first week.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Its title track also became the fastest selling song on iTunes with over a million downloads in less than a week.", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ The Indian cricket team are two times World Champions.", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ In addition to winning the 1983 Cricket World Cup, they triumphed over Sri Lanka in the 2011 Cricket World Cup on home soil.", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ They were also runners-up at the 2003 Cricket World Cup, and semifinalists thrice (1987, 1996 and 2015).", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ They came last in the Super Six stage in the 1999 Cricket World Cup and have been knocked out 4 times in the Group stage (1975, 1979, 1992 and 2007).", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ India's historical win-loss record at the cricket world cup is 46-27, with 1 match being tied and another one being abandoned due to rain.", "India at the Cricket World Cup __knowledge__ White: Group/Round-Robin Stage The 1975 Cricket World Cup was the first Cricket World Cup.", "Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04 __knowledge__ India's 2003–04 tour of Australia comprised seven first-class matches, including four Tests.", "Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04 __knowledge__ India also participated in an ODI tri-series with Australia and Zimbabwe.", "Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04 __knowledge__ The Test series was drawn 1–1, and India retained the Border-Gavaskar Trophy because of their victory in the Trophy's previous contest.", "Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04 __knowledge__ In the 2003-04 series' Adelaide Test, Rahul Dravid scored a double century, securing a famous win for India.", "Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04 __knowledge__ Sachin Tendulkar scored 241* in Sydney, which up until that point in his career was his highest score in a Test match.", "Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04 __knowledge__ Captain Sourav Ganguly made his first test century against Australia, a 144 in Brisbane that gave his team a lead of 86 after they were in trouble.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ The \"Dragon Ball\" manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Akira Toriyama.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional universe, the same as Toriyama's previous series \"Dr. Slump\", and follows the adventures of Son Goku from his childhood through adulthood as he trains in martial arts and explores the world in search of the seven orbs known as the Dragon Balls that are used to summon a wish-granting dragon.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ During the course of the story, he encounters allies such as Bulma, Kuririn, and Trunks, rivals such as Tenshinhan, Piccolo, and Vegeta, and enemies such as Freeza, Cell, Majin Boo and Zamasu.", "Cups and balls __knowledge__ The cups and balls is a performance of magic with innumerable adaptations.", "Cups and balls __knowledge__ A typical cups and balls routine includes many of the most fundamental effects of magic: the balls can vanish, appear, transpose, reappear and transform.", "Cups and balls __knowledge__ Basic skills, such as misdirection, manual dexterity, sleight of hand, and audience management are also essential to most cups and balls routines.", "Cups and balls __knowledge__ As a result, mastery of the cups and balls is considered by many as the litmus test of a good magician.", "Cups and balls __knowledge__ Magician John Mulholland wrote that Harry Houdini had expressed the opinion that no one could be considered an accomplished magician until he had mastered the cups and balls.", "1989 Ashes series __knowledge__ The 1989 Ashes series was that year's edition of the long-standing and storied cricket rivalry between England and Australia.", "1989 Ashes series __knowledge__ Starting on 8 June 1989, England and Australia played six Tests, with the Ashes previously having been held by England since the 1977 Ashes series.", "1989 Ashes series __knowledge__ The final result was a 4-0 series win for Australia, who had gone into the series as underdogs, and had been rated by the English media as \"possibly the worst side to ever tour England\" prior to the series.", "1989 Ashes series __knowledge__ The series victory marked the beginning of a remarkable period of 16 years in which Australia would retain the Ashes over the course of 4 home and 3 away series until England eventually won them back in the 2005 Ashes series.", "Virat Kohli __knowledge__ Virat Kohli (; born 5 November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer who currently captains the India national team.", "Virat Kohli __knowledge__ A right-handed batsman, often regarded as one of the best batsmen in the world, Kohli is ranked as one of world's most famous athletes by ESPN and one of the most valuable athlete brands by \"Forbes\".", "Virat Kohli __knowledge__ He plays for the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Indian Premier League (IPL), and has been the team's captain since 2013.", "Virat Kohli __knowledge__ Born and raised in Delhi, Kohli represented the city's cricket team at various age-group levels before making his first-class debut in 2006.", "Virat Kohli __knowledge__ He captained India Under-19s to victory at the 2008 Under-19 World Cup in Malaysia, and a few months later, made his ODI debut for India against Sri Lanka at the age of 19.", "Ricky Ponting __knowledge__ Ricky Thomas Ponting, AO (born 19 December 1974), is a former Australian cricketer, and two-time World Cup winning captain in 2003 and 2007.", "Ricky Ponting __knowledge__ Widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket, Ponting was captain of the Australia national cricket team during its 'golden era'; between 2004 and 2011 in Test cricket and 2002 and 2011 in One Day International cricket.", "Ricky Ponting __knowledge__ He is a specialist right-handed batsman, arguably the best slips and close catching fielder to have pulled on a set of whites, as well as a very occasional bowler.", "Ricky Ponting __knowledge__ Ponting holds the record of being the only cricketer in the history of Test cricket to be a part of 100 Test match wins.", "New York University __knowledge__ New York University (NYU) is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City.", "New York University __knowledge__ Founded in 1831, NYU's main campus is centered in Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village, and campuses based throughout New York City.", "New York University __knowledge__ NYU is also a worldwide university, operating NYU Abu Dhabi and NYU Shanghai, and centers in Accra, Berlin, Buenos Aires, Florence, London, Madrid, Paris, Prague, Sydney, Tel Aviv, and Washington, D.C.", "New York University __knowledge__ Among its faculty and alumni are 37 Nobel Laureates, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, over 30 Academy Award winners, and hundreds of members of the National Academies of Sciences.", "Tisch School of the Arts __knowledge__ The New York University Tisch School of the Arts (known more commonly as Tisch or TTSOA) is a center of study in the performing and media arts.", "Tisch School of the Arts __knowledge__ Founded on August 17, 1965, the Tisch is a training ground for artists, scholars of the arts, and filmmakers.", "Tisch School of the Arts __knowledge__ The school merges the technical training of a professional school with the academic resources of a major research university to immerse students in their intended artistic disciplines.", "Tisch School of the Arts __knowledge__ TTSOA is located at 721 Broadway in Manhattan, New York City.", "Tisch School of the Arts __knowledge__ TNYU has the most alumni working in Broadway Theatre.", "Tisch School of the Arts __knowledge__ Tisch School of the Arts was founded in order to provide conservatory training in theatre and film, in the context of a research university.", "York University __knowledge__ York University () is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "York University __knowledge__ It is Canada's third-largest university.", "York University __knowledge__ York University has approximately 52,300 students, 7,000 faculty and staff, and 295,000 alumni worldwide.", "York University __knowledge__ It has eleven faculties, including the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, Faculty of Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, Schulich School of Business, Osgoode Hall Law School, Glendon College, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Health, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Graduate Studies, the School of the Arts, Media, Performance and Design (formerly the Faculty of Fine Arts), and 28 research centres.", "Laurence Tisch __knowledge__ Laurence Alan \"Larry\" Tisch (March 5, 1923 – November 15, 2003) was an American businessman, Wall Street investor and billionaire.", "Laurence Tisch __knowledge__ He was the CEO of CBS television network from 1986 to 1995.", "Laurence Tisch __knowledge__ With his brother Bob Tisch, he was part owner of the Loews Corporation.", "Laurence Tisch __knowledge__ Tisch was born March 5, 1923, in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants, Sadye and Al Tisch.", "Laurence Tisch __knowledge__ His father, a former All-American basketball player at the City University of New York, owned a garment factory as well as two summer camps which his wife helped him run.", "Laurence Tisch __knowledge__ He graduated from New York University when he was just 18 and received a UPenn Wharton MBA in industrial management by 20.", "Marcia Milgrom Dodge __knowledge__ Marcia Milgrom Dodge is an American director, choreographer and writer for the stage.", "Marcia Milgrom Dodge __knowledge__ After working in regional theatre, off-Broadway and elsewhere for thirty years, Dodge directed and choreographed her first Broadway production, a revival of \"Ragtime\" in 2009.", "Marcia Milgrom Dodge __knowledge__ The production received 7 Tony Award Nominations including one for Dodge for Best Director of a Musical.", "Marcia Milgrom Dodge __knowledge__ Her Kennedy Center production of Ragtime received four 2010 Helen Hayes Awards including one for her for Best Director, Resident Musical.", "Marcia Milgrom Dodge __knowledge__ Dodge was born in Detroit, Michigan, grew up in Southfield, Michigan and attended Vandenberg and Adlai Stevenson Elementary Schools and Birney Junior High graduating from Southfield-Lathrup High School in 1973.", "New York University Tisch School of the Arts, Asia __knowledge__ Tisch School of the Arts Asia, New York University's first branch campus abroad, opened in Singapore in fall 2007.", "New York University Tisch School of the Arts, Asia __knowledge__ On 8 November 2012 it was announced that the campus would close after 2014 with recruitment and admission of new students suspended with immediate effect.", "New York University Tisch School of the Arts, Asia __knowledge__ Tisch Asia was Singapore’s first graduate arts school and offered Master of Fine Arts degrees in animation and digital arts, dramatic writing, film and international media producing.", "New York University Tisch School of the Arts, Asia __knowledge__ Summer programs included professional workshops and non-credit certificate courses.", "New York University Tisch School of the Arts, Asia __knowledge__ Tisch Asia offered a New York University Masters of Fine Arts degrees in Animation and Digital Arts, Dramatic Writing, Film and International Media Producing." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 0 ]

[ "I love her She is known for her unconventionality and provocative work.", "Gaga began her musical career performing songs at open mic nights, she literally started from the bottom up.", "She studied at CAP21 through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, but she dropped out to become a professional musician", "I really love her work and have been a big fan since i can remember." ]

[ "Lady Gaga", "Lady Gaga", "Lady Gaga", "Lady Gaga" ]

[ "It (2017 film)", "I like that movie too! I'm guessing the second part will follow the kids as adults too?", "Cool! What did you think of the different take on IT? As opposed to the original movie's version.", "I will admit to being the same. I've got a nostalgic soft spot for the original." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ It (also known as It: Chapter One) is a 2017 American supernatural horror film directed by Andy Muschietti, based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Stephen King.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay is by Chase Palmer, Cary Fukunaga and Gary Dauberman.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film tells the story of seven children in Derry, Maine, who are terrorized by the eponymous being, only to face their own personal demons in the process.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The novel was previously adapted into a 1990 miniseries.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Jaeden Lieberher and Bill Skarsgård as Bill Denbrough and Pennywise the Dancing Clown, respectively, with Jeremy Ray Taylor, Sophia Lillis, Finn Wolfhard, Wyatt Oleff, Chosen Jacobs, Jack Dylan Grazer, Nicholas Hamilton, and Jackson Robert Scott in supporting roles.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Principal photography began in the Riverdale neighborhood of Toronto on June 27, 2016, and ended on September 21, 2016.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Other Ontario locations included Port Hope and Oshawa.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"It\" premiered in Los Angeles on September 5, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on September 8, 2017.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Upon release, the film set numerous box office records and grossed $700 million worldwide.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Unadjusted for inflation, it is the highest-grossing horror film and the third highest-grossing R-rated film of all-time (after \"Deadpool\" and \"The Matrix Reloaded\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ It (also known as It: Chapter One) is a 2017 American supernatural horror film directed by Andy Muschietti, based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Stephen King.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay is by Chase Palmer, Cary Fukunaga and Gary Dauberman.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film tells the story of seven children in Derry, Maine, who are terrorized by the eponymous being, only to face their own personal demons in the process.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The novel was previously adapted into a 1990 miniseries.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Jaeden Lieberher and Bill Skarsgård as Bill Denbrough and Pennywise the Dancing Clown, respectively, with Jeremy Ray Taylor, Sophia Lillis, Finn Wolfhard, Wyatt Oleff, Chosen Jacobs, Jack Dylan Grazer, Nicholas Hamilton, and Jackson Robert Scott in supporting roles.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Principal photography began in the Riverdale neighborhood of Toronto on June 27, 2016, and ended on September 21, 2016.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Other Ontario locations included Port Hope and Oshawa.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"It\" premiered in Los Angeles on September 5, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on September 8, 2017.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Upon release, the film set numerous box office records and grossed $700 million worldwide.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Unadjusted for inflation, it is the highest-grossing horror film and the third highest-grossing R-rated film of all-time (after \"Deadpool\" and \"The Matrix Reloaded\").", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Guessing __knowledge__ A guess (or an act of guessing) is a swift conclusion drawn from data directly at hand, and held as probable or tentative, while the person making the guess (the guesser) admittedly lacks material for a greater degree of certainty.", "Guessing __knowledge__ A guess is also an unstable answer, as it is \"always putative, fallible, open to further revision and interpretation, and validated against the horizon of possible meanings by showing that one interpretation is more probable than another in light of what we already know\".", "Guessing __knowledge__ In many of its uses, \"the meaning of guessing is assumed as implicitly understood\", and the term is therefore often used without being meticulously defined.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in Jeff Kinney's book series \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" as well as the film versions of the first, , and book.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" is a series of graphic novels written by American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ The books are written as the journals of the main character named Greg Heffley.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" is also a series of films based on the books.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ Jeff Kinney was an executive producer.", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ Like the books, the movies are the journals of Greg Heffley, played by Zachary Gordon in \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\", \"\", and \"\", and Jason Drucker in \"\".", "List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters __knowledge__ Gregory \"Greg\" Heffley is 12 years old in the first novel.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Playbox (1980s TV series) __knowledge__ Playbox is a TV programme for pre-school children aged 2–5, which ran during the late 1980s and early 1990s in the United Kingdom on ITV and was produced by Central Independent Television.", "Playbox (1980s TV series) __knowledge__ It was the first ragdoll show to be made by ITV.", "Playbox (1980s TV series) __knowledge__ It was created by Leslie Pitts, and Anne Wood (who had only recently founded the now famous Ragdoll Productions).", "Playbox (1980s TV series) __knowledge__ The show took place inside a red, yellow and blue box, with the main characters, Cat and Dog, being controlled by a puppeteer (Marcus Clarke) from inside the box.", "Playbox (1980s TV series) __knowledge__ The puppets would draw pictures, tell stories, sing songs, and play jokes on one another (mainly typical slapstick).", "Over There (Fringe) __knowledge__ \"Over There\" is the two-part second season finale of the Fox science fiction drama series \"Fringe\".", "Over There (Fringe) __knowledge__ They are the 22nd and 23rd episodes of the season, and the 42nd and 43rd episodes of the series overall.", "Over There (Fringe) __knowledge__ Both parts were written by Academy Award-winning screenwriter Akiva Goldsman, together with showrunners Jeff Pinkner and J. H. Wyman.", "Over There (Fringe) __knowledge__ Goldsman also served as director, his first such credit since the season premiere.", "Over There (Fringe) __knowledge__ \"Fringe\"s premise is based on the idea of two parallel universes, our own and the Other Side, each of which contains historical idiosyncrasies.", "Over There (Fringe) __knowledge__ The two universes began to clash in 1985, after Dr. Walter Bishop (John Noble) stole the parallel universe version of his son, Peter, following his own son's death.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His books have sold more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television series, and comic books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and six non-fiction books.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ He has written around 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections.", "Stephen King __knowledge__ His novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\" was the basis for the film \"The Shawshank Redemption\" which is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time and was in fact voted the greatest film of all time by \"Empire\" magazine readers in \"The 201 Greatest Movies of All Time\" poll in March, 2006.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The Shining is a 1980 horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on Stephen King's 1977 novel \"The Shining\".", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ \"The Shining\" is about Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson), an aspiring writer and recovering alcoholic, who accepts a position as the off-season caretaker of the isolated historic Overlook Hotel in the Colorado Rockies.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ Wintering over with Jack is his wife Wendy Torrance (Shelley Duvall) and young son Danny Torrance (Danny Lloyd), who possesses \"the shining\", an array of psychic abilities that allow Danny to see the hotel's horrific past.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ \"The Dark Tower\" is a series of eight novels written by American author Stephen King, which incorporate multiple genres including fantasy, science fantasy, horror and western.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ Below are \"The Dark Tower\" characters that come into play as the series progresses.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ Roland Deschain, son of Steven Deschain, was born in the Barony of Gilead, in In-World.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ Roland is the last surviving gunslinger, a man whose goal is finding and climbing to the top of the Dark Tower, purported to be the very center of existence, so that he may right the wrongs in his land.", "List of The Dark Tower characters __knowledge__ This quest is his obsession, monomania and geas to Roland: In the beginning the success of the quest is more important than the lives of his family and friends.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of supporting characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ is a fictional character in the anime \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ OVA In the OVA, Katsuhito, also known as , fled Jurai over 700 years ago to \"retire\" on Earth.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ He was once the greatest swordsman on Jurai.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Currently Katsuhito is a Shinto priest who is not only training Tenchi to be a Shinto priest but also training him in Jurai swordsmanship.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Yōshō had a marriage arranged with half-sister Ayeka, but left.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ At the time, not all Juraians liked the idea of mixed blood heritages (he is part human, on his mother's side) and he used Ryōko's attack as an excuse to slip away to Earth.", "Stranger Things __knowledge__ Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created, written, directed and co-executive produced by The Duffer Brothers, as well as co-executive produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen.", "Stranger Things __knowledge__ The first season, released in July 2016, stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Cara Buono and Matthew Modine, with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles.", "Stranger Things __knowledge__ For the second season, Schnapp and Keery were promoted to series regulars, along with the additions of Sadie Sink, Dacre Montgomery, Sean Astin and Paul Reiser." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ It (also known as It: Chapter One) is a 2017 American supernatural horror film directed by Andy Muschietti, based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Stephen King.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay is by Chase Palmer, Cary Fukunaga and Gary Dauberman.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film tells the story of seven children in Derry, Maine, who are terrorized by the eponymous being, only to face their own personal demons in the process.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The novel was previously adapted into a 1990 miniseries.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Jaeden Lieberher and Bill Skarsgård as Bill Denbrough and Pennywise the Dancing Clown, respectively, with Jeremy Ray Taylor, Sophia Lillis, Finn Wolfhard, Wyatt Oleff, Chosen Jacobs, Jack Dylan Grazer, Nicholas Hamilton, and Jackson Robert Scott in supporting roles.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Principal photography began in the Riverdale neighborhood of Toronto on June 27, 2016, and ended on September 21, 2016.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Other Ontario locations included Port Hope and Oshawa.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"It\" premiered in Los Angeles on September 5, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on September 8, 2017.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Upon release, the film set numerous box office records and grossed $700 million worldwide.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Unadjusted for inflation, it is the highest-grossing horror film and the third highest-grossing R-rated film of all-time (after \"Deadpool\" and \"The Matrix Reloaded\").", "Bridgit Mendler __knowledge__ Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter.", "Bridgit Mendler __knowledge__ Mendler has a degree in Anthropology from the University of Southern California.", "Bridgit Mendler __knowledge__ In 2004, she began her career in the animated Indian film \"The Legend of Buddha\", later starring in the films \"Alice Upside Down\", \"The Clique\" and \"Labor Pains\" as a teenager.", "Bridgit Mendler __knowledge__ In 2009, Mendler signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on \"Wizards of Waverly Place\".", "Bridgit Mendler __knowledge__ Following the positive reception to her character, she landed the role of Teddy Duncan on the Disney series \"Good Luck Charlie\", which ran from April 2010 to February 2014.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The Shining is a 1980 horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on Stephen King's 1977 novel \"The Shining\".", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ \"The Shining\" is about Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson), an aspiring writer and recovering alcoholic, who accepts a position as the off-season caretaker of the isolated historic Overlook Hotel in the Colorado Rockies.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ Wintering over with Jack is his wife Wendy Torrance (Shelley Duvall) and young son Danny Torrance (Danny Lloyd), who possesses \"the shining\", an array of psychic abilities that allow Danny to see the hotel's horrific past.", "Emily Osment __knowledge__ Emily Jordan Osment (born March 10, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter born in Los Angeles, California.", "Emily Osment __knowledge__ After working in several television films in her childhood, she gained fame for co-starring as the character Gerti Giggles in \"\" and \"\".", "Emily Osment __knowledge__ She went on to co-star in the Emmy-nominated Disney Channel sitcom \"Hannah Montana\" as Lilly Truscott as well as the series movie, \"\".", "Emily Osment __knowledge__ She also starred as Cassie in R. L. Stine's \"\" and the Disney Channel original movie, \"Dadnapped\" as Melissa Morris.", "Emily Osment __knowledge__ Osment expanded her repertoire into pop music and alternative/indie rock, where she has recorded teen pop hits like \"I Don't Think About It\", \"If I Didn't Have You\" alongside her \"Hannah Montana\" co-star Mitchel Musso, and \"Once Upon a Dream\".", "Jump In! __knowledge__ Jump In!", "Jump In! __knowledge__ is a 2007 Disney Channel Original Movie, which premiered on January 12, 2007.", "Jump In! __knowledge__ It was released on Disney Channel UK on April 27, 2007.", "Jump In! __knowledge__ The film, starring Corbin Bleu and Keke Palmer, revolves around a young boxer, Izzy Daniels (Corbin Bleu), who trains to follow in his father's footsteps by winning the Golden Glove.", "Jump In! __knowledge__ When his friend, Mary (Keke Palmer), who harbors a secret crush on him, asks him to substitute for a team member in a Double Dutch tournament, then, Izzy discovers his new love for jumping rope and in the meantime, he soon discovers true love in Mary.", "Jump In! __knowledge__ Filming took place from June–July 2006 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Connor MacLeod __knowledge__ Connor MacLeod, also known as The Highlander, is a fictional character in the \"Highlander\" film series, as well as the television programs \"\", and \"\".", "Connor MacLeod __knowledge__ In the films, he is portrayed by Christopher Lambert.", "Connor MacLeod __knowledge__ The character of Connor MacLeod is divided among many separate continuities (the original movie, each sequel, television series, and multiple animated series).", "Connor MacLeod __knowledge__ Although varying from leading man to supporting character in each different continuity, Connor's importance to each continuity's story is not to be overlooked.", "Connor MacLeod __knowledge__ In the first three \"Highlander\" films, Connor MacLeod is the protagonist, and is officially the final Immortal.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Stanley Kirk Burrell (born March 30, 1962), better known by his stage name MC Hammer, is an American hip hop recording artist, dancer, record producer and entrepreneur.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ He had his greatest commercial success and popularity from the late 1980s, until the early 1990s.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Remembered for his rapid rise to fame, Hammer is known for hit records (such as \"U Can't Touch This\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\"), flashy dance movements, choreography and eponymous Hammer pants.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ A multi-award winner, M.C.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop rap (incorporating elements of ), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album.", "Screen Play (blog) __knowledge__ Screen Play is an online forum focusing on Australian videogame culture.", "Screen Play (blog) __knowledge__ Between May 2006 and April 2014 Screen Play was a blog in Fairfax Media newspapers The Age (Melbourne), The Sydney Morning Herald, The Brisbane Times and WA Today.", "Screen Play (blog) __knowledge__ Screen Play was founded by Jason Hill and featured regular contributions by journalist James \"DexX\" Dominguez.", "Screen Play (blog) __knowledge__ Both the Brisbane Times and WA Today began mirroring the blog on 26 June 2009.", "Screen Play (blog) __knowledge__ Screen Play was launched on 5 May 2006.", "Screen Play (blog) __knowledge__ In an initial post, Mr Hill wrote that the blog would: \"...provide lively and entertaining coverage of the burgeoning games industry... a place where you can debate and share your thoughts on this exciting new medium.", "Dallas Buyers Club __knowledge__ Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film, co-written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack, and directed by Jean-Marc Vallée.", "Dallas Buyers Club __knowledge__ The film tells the story of Ron Woodroof, an AIDS patient diagnosed in the mid 1980s when HIV/AIDS treatments were under-researched, while the disease was not understood and highly stigmatized.", "Dallas Buyers Club __knowledge__ As part of the experimental AIDS treatment movement, he smuggled unapproved pharmaceutical drugs into Texas for treating his symptoms, and distributed them to fellow people with AIDS by establishing the \"Dallas Buyers Club\" while facing opposition from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ Yeah Yeah Yeahs is an American indie rock band formed in New York City in 2000.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The group is composed of vocalist and pianist Karen O, guitarist and keyboardist Nick Zinner, and drummer Brian Chase.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ They are complemented in live performances by second guitarist David Pajo, who joined as a touring member in 2009 and replaced Imaad Wasif who had previously held this role.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ According to an interview that aired during the ABC network's \"Live from Central Park SummerStage\" series, the band's name was taken from modern New York City vernacular.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The band has recorded four studio albums; the first, \"Fever to Tell\", was released in 2003.", "Carson Palmer __knowledge__ Carson Hilton Palmer (born December 27, 1979) is a former American football quarterback who played 15 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Cincinnati Bengals and Arizona Cardinals.", "Carson Palmer __knowledge__ He played college football at USC and won the Heisman Trophy in 2002.", "Carson Palmer __knowledge__ The first overall pick in the 2003 NFL Draft, Palmer was chosen by the Bengals, for whom he played eight seasons.", "Carson Palmer __knowledge__ During his tenure in Cincinnati, he helped lead the team to their first winning season and playoff appearance in 15 years and was named to two Pro Bowls.", "Carson Palmer __knowledge__ Amid declining success and conflicts with Bengals ownership, Palmer was traded to the Oakland Raiders, where he played for two seasons before joining Arizona.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Dune is a 1965 science fiction novel by American author Frank Herbert, originally published as two separate serials in \"Analog\" magazine.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ It tied with Roger Zelazny's \"This Immortal\" for the Hugo Award in 1966, and it won the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ It is the first installment of the \"Dune\" saga, and in 2003 was cited as the world's best-selling science fiction novel.", "Dune (novel) __knowledge__ Set in the distant future amidst a feudal interstellar society in which noble houses, in control of individual planets, owe allegiance to the Padishah Emperor, \"Dune\" tells the story of young Paul Atreides, whose noble family accepts the stewardship of the desert planet Arrakis." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ It (also known as It: Chapter One) is a 2017 American supernatural horror film directed by Andy Muschietti, based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Stephen King.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay is by Chase Palmer, Cary Fukunaga and Gary Dauberman.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film tells the story of seven children in Derry, Maine, who are terrorized by the eponymous being, only to face their own personal demons in the process.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The novel was previously adapted into a 1990 miniseries.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Jaeden Lieberher and Bill Skarsgård as Bill Denbrough and Pennywise the Dancing Clown, respectively, with Jeremy Ray Taylor, Sophia Lillis, Finn Wolfhard, Wyatt Oleff, Chosen Jacobs, Jack Dylan Grazer, Nicholas Hamilton, and Jackson Robert Scott in supporting roles.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Principal photography began in the Riverdale neighborhood of Toronto on June 27, 2016, and ended on September 21, 2016.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Other Ontario locations included Port Hope and Oshawa.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"It\" premiered in Los Angeles on September 5, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on September 8, 2017.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Upon release, the film set numerous box office records and grossed $700 million worldwide.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ Unadjusted for inflation, it is the highest-grossing horror film and the third highest-grossing R-rated film of all-time (after \"Deadpool\" and \"The Matrix Reloaded\").", "Characters of Sluggy Freelance __knowledge__ This is a list of major characters from the webcomic \"Sluggy Freelance\".", "Characters of Sluggy Freelance __knowledge__ A hapless freelance web designer and an incorrigible punster, Torg is the protagonist in most storylines, having appeared in more than half of the site's comics at last count.", "Characters of Sluggy Freelance __knowledge__ He is impulsive and not so bright, and yet he sometimes comes up with surprising but clever solutions to problems.", "Characters of Sluggy Freelance __knowledge__ Torg is also marked by his amiable personality and his unwavering loyalty to his friends, which sometimes causes him to act in selfless (and sometimes reckless) ways.", "Characters of Sluggy Freelance __knowledge__ He has taken on an increasingly heroic and deep personality as several of his adventures have taken him far away from friends for long periods of time in ever more lethal situations.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1990 and December 1999.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Lillie Belle Barber first appeared in 1990 as the mother of Olivia and Drucilla Barber.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s) __knowledge__ The role was originated by Norma Donaldson, who portrayed the role for four years before being replaced by Robin Braxton briefly in 1994.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s) __knowledge__ History Lillie Belle and her husband Walter are the parents of Drucilla and Olivia Barber.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Lillie Belle, in particular, tended to favor her older daughter, Olivia, because Drucilla was the product of Walter and Lillie Belle having unprotected sex.", "List of Oh My Goddess! characters __knowledge__ is a student of the Nekomi Institute of Technology and a member of the NIT Motor Club.", "List of Oh My Goddess! characters __knowledge__ One day Keiichi accidentally dials the Goddess Relief Office.", "List of Oh My Goddess! characters __knowledge__ After summoning Belldandy by accident, he ends up wishing for her to be by his side forever.", "List of Oh My Goddess! characters __knowledge__ Ever since, the two have been together.", "List of Oh My Goddess! characters __knowledge__ Keiichi's pure and innocent personality also puts him in the middle of an unusual love relationship.", "List of Oh My Goddess! characters __knowledge__ While he understands his love for Belldandy, he sometimes has a difficult time expressing his feelings.", "List of Oh My Goddess! characters __knowledge__ He is a very skilled mechanic and an exceptional race driver.", "List of Oh My Goddess! characters __knowledge__ He is bestowed the directorship of the Motor Club, which he subsequently passes on to Sora Hasegawa.", "List of Gun Sword characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the fictional characters, with biographical details, in the Japanese anime \"Gun Sword\" (full name Gun x Sword: the \"x\" is silent) the story of which takes place on the fictional \"Planet of Endless Illusion\".", "List of Gun Sword characters __knowledge__ Van is the primary protagonist of the series.", "List of Gun Sword characters __knowledge__ He is traveling the world, searching after a mysterious man with an artificial claw hand who killed his bride, Helena, on the day of their wedding.", "List of Gun Sword characters __knowledge__ Van swore to kill this man to avenge Helena.", "List of Gun Sword characters __knowledge__ His primary weapon is a shape-memory cloth held at his side like a pistol.", "List of Gun Sword characters __knowledge__ When an electrical charge is run through the weapon, it can change configuration to a dueling sword or extend to grapple or embed itself into walls.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 1990 to 1999.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Brook Lynn Ashton is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\".", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ On the series, she is the daughter of Ned Ashton and Lois Cerullo, and was named after her mother's hometown of Brooklyn.", "List of Star Fox characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the \"Star Fox\" series of video games, listed in order of introduction.", "List of Star Fox characters __knowledge__ The Star Fox Team is a group of mercenaries hired by General Pepper.", "List of Star Fox characters __knowledge__ The team is headed by Fox McCloud.", "List of Star Fox characters __knowledge__ \"Star Fox 64\" fills in the background of the team where at its founding, it was composed of James McCloud, Peppy Hare, and Pigma Dengar (who later betrays the team and sides with Andross).", "List of Star Fox characters __knowledge__ Peppy later retires from active flight duty shortly before \"Star Fox: Assault\" and was more or less replaced by Krystal, Fox's love interest.", "List of Star Fox characters __knowledge__ The team's primary aircraft is the Arwing, their land craft is the Landmaster, and the team's mothership is known as the \"Great Fox\".", "Somavaṃśī dynasty __knowledge__ The Somavanshi (IAST: Somavaṃśī) or Keshari (Keśarī) dynasty ruled parts of present-day Odisha in eastern India between the 9th and the 12th centuries.", "Somavaṃśī dynasty __knowledge__ Their capitals included Yayatinagara (modern Binka) and Abhinava-Yayatinagara (modern Jajpur).", "Somavaṃśī dynasty __knowledge__ The Somavaṃśīs originally ruled the Dakshina Kosala region in central India, from where they were driven out by the Kalachuris.", "Somavaṃśī dynasty __knowledge__ Subsequently, they conquered the Kalinga and the Utkala regions, supplanting the Bhauma-Karas.", "Somavaṃśī dynasty __knowledge__ The dynasty introduced a new style of art and architecture in Odisha, and their rule saw a remarkable shift from Buddhism to Brahmanism in the region.", "Rose Red (miniseries) __knowledge__ Rose Red (also known as Stephen King's Rose Red) is a television miniseries scripted by horror novelist Stephen King.", "Rose Red (miniseries) __knowledge__ The series was premiered in the United States on ABC on January 27, 2002.", "Rose Red (miniseries) __knowledge__ The story centers on a mysteriously haunted Seattle mansion named Rose Red.", "Rose Red (miniseries) __knowledge__ Due to its long history of supernatural events and unexplained tragedies, the house is investigated by parapsychologist Dr. Joyce Reardon and a team of gifted psychics.", "Rose Red (miniseries) __knowledge__ Dr. Joyce Reardon, an unorthodox university psychology professor, leads a team of psychics to the massive and antiquated Seattle mansion known as Rose Red in an attempt to record data which would constitute scientific proof of paranormal phenomena.", "Fear Itself (comics) __knowledge__ The comic \"Fear Itself\" is a 2011 crossover comic book storyline published by Marvel Comics, consisting of a seven-issue, eponymous miniseries written by Matt Fraction and illustrated by Stuart Immonen, Wade Von Grawbadger, and Laura Martin, a prologue book by writer Ed Brubaker and artist Scot Eaton, and numerous tie-in books, including most of the X-Men family of books.", "Fear Itself (comics) __knowledge__ \"Fear Itself\" was first announced by then-Marvel Editor-in-Chief Joe Quesada, Executive Editor Tom Brevoort and X-Men group editor Axel Alonso at a press conference held at Midtown Comics Times Square on December 21, 2010.", "Fear Itself (comics) __knowledge__ The story, whose title is a by Franklin D. Roosevelt, \"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself\", depicts the various superheroes of the Marvel Universe contending with the Serpent, an Asgardian fear deity who causes global panic on Earth, and who seeks to reclaim the throne of Asgard he contends was usurped by his brother, Odin, father to Thor, when the latter vanquished him ages ago.", "Vertigo (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Vertigo is an imprint of the American comic book publisher DC Comics.", "Vertigo (DC Comics) __knowledge__ It was created in 1993 to publish stories with more graphic or adult content that could not fit within the restrictions of the Comics Code Authority, thus allowing more creative freedom than DC's main imprint.", "Vertigo (DC Comics) __knowledge__ These comics were free to contain explicit violence, substance and drug abuse, sexuality, nudity, profanity, and other controversial subjects, similar to the content of R-rated films.", "Vertigo (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Although its initial publications were primarily in the horror and fantasy genres, it has also published works dealing with crime, social commentary, speculative fiction, biography, and other genres.", "Eva Marie Saint __knowledge__ Eva Marie Saint (; born July 4, 1924) is an American actress and producer.", "Eva Marie Saint __knowledge__ In a career spanning 70 years, she is known for starring in Elia Kazan's \"On the Waterfront\" (1954), for which she won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and Alfred Hitchcock's \"North by Northwest\" (1959).", "Eva Marie Saint __knowledge__ She received Golden Globe and BAFTA Award nominations for \"A Hatful of Rain\" (1957) and won a Primetime Emmy Award for the television miniseries \"People Like Us\" (1990).", "Eva Marie Saint __knowledge__ Her film career also includes roles in \"Raintree County\" (1957), \"Exodus\" (1960), \"The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming\" (1965), \"Grand Prix\" (1966), \"Nothing in Common\" (1986), \"Because of Winn-Dixie\" (2005), \"Superman Returns\" (2006), and \"Winter's Tale\" (2014).", "Bhauma-Kara dynasty __knowledge__ The Bhauma dynasty, also known as Kara dynasty, ruled in eastern India between 8th and 10th centuries.", "Bhauma-Kara dynasty __knowledge__ Their kingdom, called Tosala, included parts of present-day Odisha.", "Bhauma-Kara dynasty __knowledge__ By the last quarter of the 8th century, the Bhauma-Karas had gained control of the former Shailodbhava territory.", "Bhauma-Kara dynasty __knowledge__ The early rulers of the dynasties followed Buddhism, and its later rulers followed Shaivism.", "Bhauma-Kara dynasty __knowledge__ The dynasty, whose rulers included five women, was supplanted by the Bhanjas and the Somavaṃśīs in the 10th century.", "Bhauma-Kara dynasty __knowledge__ The origin of the Bhauma-Kara family is not certain.", "Bhauma-Kara dynasty __knowledge__ The earliest records of the dynasty name their family as \"Bhauma\"." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 7 ]

[ "I liked the movie IT but I hate that we have to wait so long for the next part. This was only chapter 1 in the series. It was based on a book by Stephen King", "Yeah just like the original. The screen play is by Chase Palmer", "I thought it was on I still like the 1990 miniseries version the best", "They shot the new movie in Ontario and Port Hope." ]

[ "It (2017 film)", "It (2017 film)", "It (2017 film)", "It (2017 film)" ]

[ "Developmental disorder", "I have heard that too, do you have a child? If so, do they have any disorders?", "That is very good. I hope that when we have kids they don't have any issues. We have friends who's kids have disorders, it's so sad.", "Do you think that it takes extra love from parents when kids have these types of issues?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Developmental disorders comprise a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ There are several ways of using this term.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ The most narrow concept is used in the category \"Specific Disorders of Psychological Development\" in the ICD-10.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ These disorders comprise language disorders, learning disorders, motor disorders and autism spectrum disorders.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ In broader definitions ADHD is included, and the term used is neurodevelopmental disorders.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Yet others include antisocial behavior and schizophrenia that begins in childhood and continues through life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ However, these two latter conditions are not as stable as the other developmental disorders, and there is not the same evidence of a shared genetic liability.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Developmental disorders are present from early life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ They usually improve as the child grows older, but they also entail impairments that continue through adult life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ There is a strong genetic component, and more males are afflicted than females.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Learning disabilities are diagnosed when the children are young and just beginning school.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Most learning disabilities are found under the age of 9.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Young children with communication disorders may not speak at all, or may have a limited vocabulary for their age." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Developmental disorders comprise a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ There are several ways of using this term.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ The most narrow concept is used in the category \"Specific Disorders of Psychological Development\" in the ICD-10.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ These disorders comprise language disorders, learning disorders, motor disorders and autism spectrum disorders.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ In broader definitions ADHD is included, and the term used is neurodevelopmental disorders.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Yet others include antisocial behavior and schizophrenia that begins in childhood and continues through life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ However, these two latter conditions are not as stable as the other developmental disorders, and there is not the same evidence of a shared genetic liability.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Developmental disorders are present from early life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ They usually improve as the child grows older, but they also entail impairments that continue through adult life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ There is a strong genetic component, and more males are afflicted than females.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Learning disabilities are diagnosed when the children are young and just beginning school.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Most learning disabilities are found under the age of 9.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Young children with communication disorders may not speak at all, or may have a limited vocabulary for their age.", "Child psychopathology __knowledge__ Child psychopathology refers to the scientific study of mental disorders in children and adolescents.", "Child psychopathology __knowledge__ Oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder are examples of psychopathology that are typically first diagnosed during childhood.", "Child psychopathology __knowledge__ Mental health providers who work with children and adolescents are informed by research in developmental psychology, clinical child psychology, and family systems.", "Child psychopathology __knowledge__ Lists of child and adult mental disorders can be found in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Edition (ICD-10), published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and in the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\", Fifth Edition (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).", "Eating disorder __knowledge__ An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating habits that negatively affect a person's physical or mental health.", "Eating disorder __knowledge__ They include binge eating disorder where people eat a large amount in a short period of time, anorexia nervosa where people eat very little and thus have a low body weight, bulimia nervosa where people eat a lot and then try to rid themselves of the food, pica where people eat non-food items, rumination disorder where people regurgitate food, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder where people have a lack of interest in food, and a group of other specified feeding or eating disorders.", "Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood __knowledge__ Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood are divided into two categories: childhood disorders and learning disorders.", "Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood __knowledge__ These disorders are usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence, as laid out in the DSM IV TR and in the ICD-10.", "Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood __knowledge__ The DSM-IV-TR includes ten subcategories of disorders including mental retardation, Learning Disorders, Motor Skills Disorders, Communication Disorders, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Tic Disorders, Elimination Disorders, and Other Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ As defined by experts with a biomedical background, a mental disorder is \"a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or psychological pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.\"", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are generally complex and vary depending on the particular disorder and the individual.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ Although the causes of most mental disorders are unknown, it has been found that different biological, psychological, and environmental factors can all contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's culture.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ These patterns develop early, are inflexible, and are associated with significant distress or disability.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ The definitions may vary somewhat, according to source.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ Official criteria for diagnosing personality disorders are listed in the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\" (DSM) and the of the \"International Classification of Diseases\" (ICD).", "Reactive attachment disorder __knowledge__ Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is described in clinical literature as a severe and relatively uncommon disorder that can affect children.", "Reactive attachment disorder __knowledge__ RAD is characterized by markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate ways of relating socially in most contexts.", "Reactive attachment disorder __knowledge__ It can take the form of a persistent failure to initiate or respond to most social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way—known as the \"inhibited form\".", "Reactive attachment disorder __knowledge__ Due to recent revision in the DSM-5 the \"disinhibited form\" is now considered a separate diagnosis named \"disinhibited attachment disorder\".", "Reactive attachment disorder __knowledge__ RAD arises from a failure to form normal attachments to primary caregivers in early childhood.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Pervasive developmental disorder __knowledge__ The diagnostic category pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), as opposed to specific developmental disorders (SDD), refers to a group of five disorders characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including socialization and communication.", "Pervasive developmental disorder __knowledge__ The pervasive developmental disorders are: All autism spectrum disorders and Rett syndrome.", "Pervasive developmental disorder __knowledge__ The first four of these disorders are commonly called the autism spectrum disorders; the last disorder is much rarer, and is sometimes placed in the autism spectrum and sometimes not.", "Pervasive developmental disorder __knowledge__ The onset of pervasive developmental disorders occurs during infancy, but the condition is usually not identified until the child is around three years old.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication.", "Autism __knowledge__ Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior.", "Autism __knowledge__ Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life.", "Autism __knowledge__ These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Autism __knowledge__ Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy.", "Autism __knowledge__ Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Autism spectrum, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder present with two types of symptoms: problems in social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Symptoms are typically recognized between one and two years of age.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ The cause of autism spectrum is unclear.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Risk factors include having an older parent, a family history of the condition, and certain genetic conditions.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Diagnosis is based on symptoms.", "Specific developmental disorder __knowledge__ Specific developmental disorders are disorders in which development is delayed in one specific area or areas, and in which basically all other areas of development are not affected.", "Specific developmental disorder __knowledge__ Specific developmental disorders are as opposed to pervasive developmental disorders that are characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including socialization and communication.", "Specific developmental disorder __knowledge__ The tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) has four categories of specific developmental disorder: specific developmental disorders of speech and language, specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills, specific developmental disorder of motor function, and mixed specific developmental disorder." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Developmental disorders comprise a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ There are several ways of using this term.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ The most narrow concept is used in the category \"Specific Disorders of Psychological Development\" in the ICD-10.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ These disorders comprise language disorders, learning disorders, motor disorders and autism spectrum disorders.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ In broader definitions ADHD is included, and the term used is neurodevelopmental disorders.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Yet others include antisocial behavior and schizophrenia that begins in childhood and continues through life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ However, these two latter conditions are not as stable as the other developmental disorders, and there is not the same evidence of a shared genetic liability.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Developmental disorders are present from early life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ They usually improve as the child grows older, but they also entail impairments that continue through adult life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ There is a strong genetic component, and more males are afflicted than females.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Learning disabilities are diagnosed when the children are young and just beginning school.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Most learning disabilities are found under the age of 9.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Young children with communication disorders may not speak at all, or may have a limited vocabulary for their age.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Separation anxiety disorder (SAD), is an anxiety disorder in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (e.g., a parent, caregiver, significant other or siblings).", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ It is most common in infants and small children, typically between the ages of 6–7 months to 3 years, although it may pathologically manifest itself in older children, adolescents and adults.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Separation anxiety is a natural part of the developmental process.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Unlike SAD (indicated by excessive anxiety), normal separation anxiety indicates healthy advancements in a child's cognitive maturation and should not be considered a developing behavioral problem.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ It has aired since 2013 and is currently airing the fifth series.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005, and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Faith Davis is a resident of Elm Tree House and Ashdene Ridge during the first two series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Leanne Dunstan.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ This is a list of all significant characters from the TV series \"M.I.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ High\", a BBC children's spy-fi adventure series shown primarily on the CBBC channel.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ Aneisha (Neesh) Jones (Saint Heart's Student / M.I.9 Spy, Series 6–7), played by Oyiza Momoh.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ She is the master of disguise in the group, and was originally spotted by M.I.9 for changing identities, though this was only noticed by them, and no-one else.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ According to Stella she was spotted with the President of the United States and the Foreign Secretary, and intelligence suggested that she had a front-row seat at the 2013 Royal Wedding.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ Her excuse was that she needed big names for her petition of human rights.", "Avengers vs. X-Men __knowledge__ \"Avengers vs. X-Men\" (abbreviated \"AvX'\" and \"AvsX\") is a 2012 crossover event that was featured in comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Avengers vs. X-Men __knowledge__ The event, consisting of an eponymous limited series and numerous tie-in books, involves the return of the Phoenix Force and the subsequent war between the Avengers and the X-Men.", "Avengers vs. X-Men __knowledge__ The 12-issue twice-monthly series was first published in April 2012, and features a storyline by Jason Aaron, Brian Michael Bendis, Ed Brubaker, Jonathan Hickman and Matt Fraction, with a rotating team of artists including John Romita, Jr., Olivier Coipel and Adam Kubert.", "Avengers vs. X-Men __knowledge__ The event was preceded by the four-issue limited series \"Avengers: X-Sanction\" by Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness and \"Avengers vs. X-Men #0\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ It ran on for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005 and it is followed by \"The Dumping Ground\" that has aired since 2013.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Dani Harmer and Lisa Coleman reprised their roles as Tracy Beaker and Cam Lawson for \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Gina Conway, played by Kay Purcell, is a careworker at \"Elm Tree House\" in \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" and the first series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: An agent who tells Mr Tawny he can make a great singer out of him.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ Though his voice is terrible, people will want to see a singing tiger.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ When Billy tells him not to be forced into something he does not want, and when Hooey tries to stop him he transforms and tries to throw him out.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ But Hal flatters Tawny, making him sign the contract.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ When Cap criticises him, Hal claims he is jealous.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ A Gala party is arranged to celebrate this next day, but Hal drops the invitation to Captain Marvel into the bin as he wants their friendship to break up.", "Facilitated communication __knowledge__ Facilitated communication (FC), or supported typing, is a discredited technique used by some caregivers and educators in an attempt to assist people with severe educational and communication disabilities.", "Facilitated communication __knowledge__ The technique involves providing an alphabet board, or keyboard.", "Facilitated communication __knowledge__ The facilitator holds or gently touches the disabled person's arm or hand during this process and attempts to help them move their hand and amplify their gestures.", "Facilitated communication __knowledge__ In addition to providing physical support needed for typing or pointing, the facilitator provides verbal prompts and moral support.", "Facilitated communication __knowledge__ In addition to human touch assistance, the facilitator's belief in their communication partner's ability to communicate seems to be a key component of the technique.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication.", "Autism __knowledge__ Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior.", "Autism __knowledge__ Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life.", "Autism __knowledge__ These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Autism __knowledge__ Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy.", "Autism __knowledge__ Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Autism therapies are interventions that attempt to lessen the deficits and problem behaviours associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in order to increase the quality of life and functional independence of autistic individuals.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatment is typically catered to person's needs.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatments fall into two major categories: educational interventions and medical management.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Training and support are also given to families of those with ASD.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Studies of interventions have some methodological problems that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the systematic reviews have reported that the quality of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ Sociological and cultural aspects of autism come into play with recognition of autism, approaches to its support services and therapies, and how autism affects the definition of personhood.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ The autistic community is divided primarily into two camps; the autism rights movement and the autism cure movement.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ The autism rights movement believes autism is a different way of being and advocates against a cure.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ On the other hand, the autism cure movement advocates for a cure.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ There are many autism-related events and celebrations; including World Autism Awareness Day, Autism Sunday and Autistic Pride Day.", "Autism rights movement __knowledge__ The autism rights movement (ARM), also known as the autistic culture movement, is a social movement within the neurodiversity and disability rights movements that encourages autistic people, their caregivers and society to adopt a position of neurodiversity, accepting autism as a variation in functioning rather than a disorder to be cured.", "Autism rights movement __knowledge__ The ARM advocates a variety of goals including a greater acceptance of autistic behaviors; therapies that teach autistic individuals coping skills rather than therapies focused on imitating behaviors of neurotypical peers; the creation of social networks and events that allow autistic people to socialize on their own terms; and the recognition of the autistic community as a minority group.", "Autism Speaks __knowledge__ Autism Speaks is an autism advocacy organization in the United States that sponsors autism research and conducts awareness and outreach activities aimed at families, governments, and the public.", "Autism Speaks __knowledge__ It was founded in February 2005 by Bob Wright, vice chairman of General Electric, and his wife Suzanne, a year after their grandson Christian was diagnosed with autism.", "Autism Speaks __knowledge__ Some autism activists who see autism as simply a \"difference\" rather than a disease have criticized Autism Speaks and its proponents for seeking a cure.", "Autism Speaks __knowledge__ In response, its defenders have pointed to the significant challenges associated with low-functioning autism, Autism Speaks' legal achievements, and the various services and awareness initiatives the organization provides.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Autism spectrum, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder present with two types of symptoms: problems in social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Symptoms are typically recognized between one and two years of age.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ The cause of autism spectrum is unclear.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Risk factors include having an older parent, a family history of the condition, and certain genetic conditions.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Diagnosis is based on symptoms." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Developmental disorders comprise a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ There are several ways of using this term.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ The most narrow concept is used in the category \"Specific Disorders of Psychological Development\" in the ICD-10.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ These disorders comprise language disorders, learning disorders, motor disorders and autism spectrum disorders.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ In broader definitions ADHD is included, and the term used is neurodevelopmental disorders.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Yet others include antisocial behavior and schizophrenia that begins in childhood and continues through life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ However, these two latter conditions are not as stable as the other developmental disorders, and there is not the same evidence of a shared genetic liability.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Developmental disorders are present from early life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ They usually improve as the child grows older, but they also entail impairments that continue through adult life.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ There is a strong genetic component, and more males are afflicted than females.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Learning disabilities are diagnosed when the children are young and just beginning school.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Most learning disabilities are found under the age of 9.", "Developmental disorder __knowledge__ Young children with communication disorders may not speak at all, or may have a limited vocabulary for their age.", "Zanna, Don't! __knowledge__ Zanna Don't!", "Zanna, Don't! __knowledge__ (subtitled \"A Musical Fairy Tale\") is a musical written by Tim Acito and with additional lyrics and material by Alexander Dinelaris.", "Zanna, Don't! __knowledge__ It has played in regional theatres, Off-Broadway and off west end.", "Zanna, Don't! __knowledge__ The story is set in a parallel universe where homosexuality is the norm and heterosexuality is a taboo.", "Zanna, Don't! __knowledge__ Set in mid-west America, \"Zanna\" takes place at heterophobic Heartsville High.", "Zanna, Don't! __knowledge__ Zanna is the school's matchmaker, bringing together happy couples until the football team's quarterback and the captain of the Girls' Intramural Mechanical Bull-Riding Team begin to discover their feelings for each other.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Susan Wendy Kennedy (also Smith and Kinski), is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Jackie Woodburne.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ The character and her family were created by storyliners in an attempt to bring the show back to its roots.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Susan made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 3 October 1994, along with her eldest son and daughter.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ The storyliners made Susan a teacher at Erinsborough High to give her immediate links with other characters.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Since her introduction, Susan's personality and appearance have been through several changes.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Her storylines have seen her begin a relationship with a Priest, being married, divorced and widowed.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Autism spectrum, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder present with two types of symptoms: problems in social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Symptoms are typically recognized between one and two years of age.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ The cause of autism spectrum is unclear.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Risk factors include having an older parent, a family history of the condition, and certain genetic conditions.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Diagnosis is based on symptoms.", "Asperger syndrome __knowledge__ Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a developmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.", "Asperger syndrome __knowledge__ As a milder autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it differs from other ASDs by relatively normal language and intelligence.", "Asperger syndrome __knowledge__ Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and unusual use of language are common.", "Asperger syndrome __knowledge__ Signs usually begin before two years old and typically last for a person's entire life.", "Asperger syndrome __knowledge__ The exact cause of Asperger's is unknown.", "Asperger syndrome __knowledge__ While it is probably partly inherited, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication.", "Autism __knowledge__ Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior.", "Autism __knowledge__ Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life.", "Autism __knowledge__ These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Autism __knowledge__ Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy.", "Autism __knowledge__ Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Autism therapies are interventions that attempt to lessen the deficits and problem behaviours associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in order to increase the quality of life and functional independence of autistic individuals.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatment is typically catered to person's needs.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatments fall into two major categories: educational interventions and medical management.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Training and support are also given to families of those with ASD.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Studies of interventions have some methodological problems that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the systematic reviews have reported that the quality of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options.", "Global perceptions of autism __knowledge__ This article discusses diagnosis, treatment, and experiences of autism globally.", "Global perceptions of autism __knowledge__ Although the diagnosis of autisms is rising in post-industrial nations, diagnosis rates are much lower in developing nations.", "Global perceptions of autism __knowledge__ Reasons given by researchers for this discrepancy include more awareness and better detection in developed nations and cultural differences such that symptoms associated with autism may be considered normal behavior in some cultures.", "Global perceptions of autism __knowledge__ However, many scientists theorize that other factors may also be responsible for the increasing rates in post-industrial countries.", "Global perceptions of autism __knowledge__ Some claim that about one third of ASD is due to immune dysregulation during pregnancy.", "Motor skill __knowledge__ A motor skill is a learned ability to cause a predetermined movement outcome with maximum certainty.", "Motor skill __knowledge__ Motor learning is the relatively permanent change in the ability to perform a skill as a result of practice or experience.", "Motor skill __knowledge__ Performance is an act of executing a motor skill.", "Motor skill __knowledge__ The goal of motor skills is to optimize the ability to perform the skill at the rate of success, precision, and to reduce the energy consumption required for performance.", "Motor skill __knowledge__ Continuous practice of a specific motor skill will result in a much more improved performance.", "Motor skill __knowledge__ Not all movements are motor skills.", "Motor skill __knowledge__ Children grow continually throughout their childhood years.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ Sociological and cultural aspects of autism come into play with recognition of autism, approaches to its support services and therapies, and how autism affects the definition of personhood.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ The autistic community is divided primarily into two camps; the autism rights movement and the autism cure movement.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ The autism rights movement believes autism is a different way of being and advocates against a cure.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ On the other hand, the autism cure movement advocates for a cure.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ There are many autism-related events and celebrations; including World Autism Awareness Day, Autism Sunday and Autistic Pride Day." ] ]

[ 8, 4, 4, 9 ]

[ "I've learned that many developmental disorders are there from the time the child is very very young", "Yes, two. We thought one had some autism type issues but she has since outgrown them for the most part.", "They can be language issues, learning issues, motor skill problems or things on the autism spectrum. It's hard.", "I definitely think so - some issues improve but a lot of them continue through adult life." ]

[ "Developmental disorder", "Developmental disorder", "Developmental disorder", "Developmental disorder" ]

[ "Headphones", "I too use headphones from time to time. It helps me shout off the rest of the world.", "Yes, I have noticed what seems to be a larger number of people wearing them in public. I wonder why?", "I tend to see people wearing the larger headphones in public. I believe you referred to them as cans?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones (or head-phones in the early days of telephony and radio) are a pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or around the head over a user's ears.", "Headphones __knowledge__ They are electroacoustic transducers, which convert an electrical signal to a corresponding sound.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones let a single user listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a loudspeaker, which emits sound into the open air for anyone nearby to hear.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones are also known as earspeakers, earphones or, colloquially, cans.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Circumaural and supra-aural headphones use a band over the top of the head to hold the speakers in place.", "Headphones __knowledge__ The other type, known as earbuds or earpieces consist of individual units that plug into the user's ear canal.", "Headphones __knowledge__ In the context of telecommunication, a headset is a combination of headphone and microphone.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones connect to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player, portable media player, mobile phone, video game console, or electronic musical instrument, either directly using a cord, or using wireless technology such as bluetooth, DECT or FM radio.", "Headphones __knowledge__ The first headphones were developed in the late 19th century for use by telephone operators, to keep their hands free.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Initially the audio quality was mediocre and a step forward was the invention of high fidelity headphones." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones (or head-phones in the early days of telephony and radio) are a pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or around the head over a user's ears.", "Headphones __knowledge__ They are electroacoustic transducers, which convert an electrical signal to a corresponding sound.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones let a single user listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a loudspeaker, which emits sound into the open air for anyone nearby to hear.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones are also known as earspeakers, earphones or, colloquially, cans.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Circumaural and supra-aural headphones use a band over the top of the head to hold the speakers in place.", "Headphones __knowledge__ The other type, known as earbuds or earpieces consist of individual units that plug into the user's ear canal.", "Headphones __knowledge__ In the context of telecommunication, a headset is a combination of headphone and microphone.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones connect to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player, portable media player, mobile phone, video game console, or electronic musical instrument, either directly using a cord, or using wireless technology such as bluetooth, DECT or FM radio.", "Headphones __knowledge__ The first headphones were developed in the late 19th century for use by telephone operators, to keep their hands free.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Initially the audio quality was mediocre and a step forward was the invention of high fidelity headphones.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ A disc jockey (DJ) is a person who plays existing recorded music for a live audience.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ Most common types of DJs include radio DJ, club DJ who performs at a nightclub or Music festival and turntablist who uses record players, usually turntable, to manipulate sounds on the phonograph record.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ Originally, the \"disc\" in \"disc jockey\" referred to gramophone records, but now \"DJ\" is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any source, including vinyl records, cassettes, CDs, or digital audio files stored on USB stick or laptop.", "Disc jockey __knowledge__ DJs typically perform for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s, an online radio audience.", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ Bose Corporation produces headphones for consumer, aviation and military use.", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ The models range includes in-ear headphones, mobile headsets, supra-aural headphones, Circumaural headphones and military/aviation headsets.", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ The company was the first to release active noise cancelling headphones as a consumer product.", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ Bose's consumer range of active noise-cancelling headphones are called \"QuietComfort\".", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ For industrial noise-cancelling applications, Bose produces the A20 Aviation Headset, Space Shuttle Headset and Combat Vehicle Crewman Headset.", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ According to Bose, the company started noise-cancellation involvement after Dr. Amar Bose went on a 1978 flight to Europe, and \"was trying out new set of airline-supplied headphones and found that he couldn't really enjoy the sound with the roar of engines in the background\".", "Scream & Shout __knowledge__ \"Scream & Shout\" is a song by American recording artists will.i.am and Britney Spears, taken from the former's fourth studio album \"#willpower\".", "Scream & Shout __knowledge__ It was released on November 20, 2012 by Interscope Records as the second single from the album, and sent to mainstream radio in the United States on November 27.", "Scream & Shout __knowledge__ The song was written by will.i.am, Jef Martens and Jean Baptiste and was produced by Martens under the alias Lazy Jay, with additional production by will.i.am.", "Scream & Shout __knowledge__ \"Scream & Shout\" is an upbeat dance-pop song; its lyrics are about having a good time on a night out.", "Scream & Shout __knowledge__ It interpolates a sample of the lyric \"Britney, bitch\", which was used on Spears' 2007 single \"Gimme More\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Discontinued Bose headphones __knowledge__ This is a list of headphone products sold by the Bose Corporation that have been discontinued.", "Discontinued Bose headphones __knowledge__ The Bose QuietComfort Headphones (also now known as the QC1) was the very first consumer level headphones released by the company in 2000.", "Discontinued Bose headphones __knowledge__ The Bose QuietComfort Headphones came with To address some of the concerns with the QuietComfort Headphones, in 2003, Bose released their successor, the Bose QuietComfort 2 Headphones (also now known as the QC2).", "Discontinued Bose headphones __knowledge__ Like its predecessor, the QuietComfort 2 Headphones retailed at a suggested price of 299 USD in the US and approximately 480 USD in Europe (£275).", "Discontinued Bose headphones __knowledge__ Changes from the original QuietComfort Headphones include: There is a trade in program for previous owners wishing to upgrade to the QuietComfort headphones.", "Stage monitor system __knowledge__ Stage monitor systems are speakers on stage pointing towards the performers to help them hear themselves.", "Stage monitor system __knowledge__ Monitor speakers are useful when amplified instruments are used with acoustic instruments and voice.", "Stage monitor system __knowledge__ Monitor speakers typically have their own power amplifier(s) and equalizers.", "Stage monitor system __knowledge__ They are driven by a separate mix from the main or front of house system.", "Stage monitor system __knowledge__ This mix typically highlights the vocals and acoustic instruments so they can be heard over the electronic instruments and drums.", "Stage monitor system __knowledge__ The collection of monitor speakers, amplifiers, equalizers and monitor mixer if used is called the stage monitor system or simply monitors.", "Hearables __knowledge__ Hearables or Smart headphones are technically advanced, electronic in-ear-devices designed for multiple purposes ranging from wireless transmission to communication objectives, medical monitoring and fitness tracking.", "Hearables __knowledge__ Hearables are therefore a manifestation of the concept of ubiquitous computing.", "Hearables __knowledge__ The neologism \"hearable\" is a hybrid of the terms wearable and headphone, as hearables combine major assets of wearable technology with the basic principle of audio-based information services, conventional rendition of music and wireless telecommunication.", "Hearables __knowledge__ The term was introduced in April 2014 simultaneously by Apple in the context of the company's acquisition of Beats Electronics and product designer and wireless application specialist Nick Hunn in a blogpost for a wearable technologies internet platform.", "Headset (audio) __knowledge__ A headset combines a headphone with a microphone.", "Headset (audio) __knowledge__ Headsets are made with either a(n) single-earpiece (mono) or a(n) double-earpiece (mono to both ears or stereo).", "Headset (audio) __knowledge__ Headsets provide the equivalent functionality of a telephone handset but with handsfree operation.", "Headset (audio) __knowledge__ They have many uses including in call centers and other telephone-intensive jobs and for anybody wishing to have both hands free during a telephone conversation.", "Headset (audio) __knowledge__ Telephone headsets generally use 150-ohm loudspeakers with a narrower frequency range than those also used for entertainment.", "Headset (audio) __knowledge__ Stereo computer headsets, on the other hand, use 32-ohm speakers with a broader frequency range.", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "In-flight entertainment __knowledge__ In-flight entertainment (IFE) refers to the entertainment available to aircraft passengers during a flight.", "In-flight entertainment __knowledge__ In 1936, the airship \"Hindenburg\" offered passengers a piano, lounge, dining room, smoking room, and bar during the 2 1/2 day flight between Europe and America.", "In-flight entertainment __knowledge__ After the Second World War, IFE was delivered in the form of food and drink services, along with an occasional projector movie during lengthy flights.", "In-flight entertainment __knowledge__ In 1985 the first personal audio player was offered to passengers, along with noise cancelling headphones in 1989.", "In-flight entertainment __knowledge__ During the 1990s the demand for better IFE was a major factor in the design of aircraft cabins." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones (or head-phones in the early days of telephony and radio) are a pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or around the head over a user's ears.", "Headphones __knowledge__ They are electroacoustic transducers, which convert an electrical signal to a corresponding sound.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones let a single user listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a loudspeaker, which emits sound into the open air for anyone nearby to hear.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones are also known as earspeakers, earphones or, colloquially, cans.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Circumaural and supra-aural headphones use a band over the top of the head to hold the speakers in place.", "Headphones __knowledge__ The other type, known as earbuds or earpieces consist of individual units that plug into the user's ear canal.", "Headphones __knowledge__ In the context of telecommunication, a headset is a combination of headphone and microphone.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones connect to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player, portable media player, mobile phone, video game console, or electronic musical instrument, either directly using a cord, or using wireless technology such as bluetooth, DECT or FM radio.", "Headphones __knowledge__ The first headphones were developed in the late 19th century for use by telephone operators, to keep their hands free.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Initially the audio quality was mediocre and a step forward was the invention of high fidelity headphones.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ Inattentional blindness, also known as perceptual blindness, is a psychological lack of attention that is not associated with any vision defects or deficits.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ It may be further defined as the event in which an individual fails to perceive an unexpected stimulus that is in plain sight.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ When it simply becomes impossible for one to attend to all the stimuli in a given situation, a temporary blindness effect can take place as a result; that is, individuals fail to see objects or stimuli that are unexpected and quite often salient.", "Inattentional blindness __knowledge__ The term was coined by Arien Mack and Irvin Rock in 1992 and was used as the title of their book of the same name, published by MIT press in 1998, in which they describe the discovery of the phenomenon and include a collection of procedures used in describing it.", "2016 clown sightings __knowledge__ The 2016 clown sightings were reports of people disguised as evil clowns in incongruous settings, such as near forests and schools.", "2016 clown sightings __knowledge__ The incidents were reported in the United States, Canada, and subsequently in other countries and territories from August 2016.", "2016 clown sightings __knowledge__ The sightings were first reported in South Carolina when a 9-year-old boy told his mother that two suspicious males dressed as clowns tried to lure him into the nearby woods.", "2016 clown sightings __knowledge__ By mid-October 2016, clown sightings and attacks had been reported in nearly all U.S. states, 9 out of 13 provinces and territories of Canada, and 18 other countries.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ \"Arrested Development\" is an American television sitcom that originally aired on the Fox network from November 2, 2003 to February 10, 2006.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26, 2013.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ Created by Mitchell Hurwitz, the show centers on the Bluth family, a formerly wealthy, habitually dysfunctional family, and is presented in a continuous format, incorporating hand-held camera work, narration, archival photos, and historical footage.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ The series stars Jason Bateman, Portia de Rossi, Will Arnett, Michael Cera, Alia Shawkat, Tony Hale, David Cross, Jeffrey Tambor, and Jessica Walter.", "Clothing fetish __knowledge__ Clothing fetishism or garment fetishism is a sexual fetish that revolves around a fixation upon a particular article or type of clothing, a collection of garments that appear as part of a fashion or uniform, or a person dressed in such a garment.", "Clothing fetish __knowledge__ The clinical definition of a sexual fetish would require that a person be fixated on a specific garment to the extent that it exists as a recurrent (or exclusive) stimulus for sexual gratification.", "Clothing fetish __knowledge__ One who exhibits a clothing fetish may be aroused by the sight of a person wearing a particular garment, or by wearing the garment oneself which can be because of the look one achieves by wearing it or the way it feels while it is being worn (and might also get some arousal by seeing somebody in it and imagining how it feels).", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "Stax Ltd __knowledge__ Stax Ltd. (有限会社スタックス \"Yugen-gaisha Sutakkusu\") is a Japanese company that makes high end audio equipment.", "Stax Ltd __knowledge__ Stax is best known for their electrostatic and electret headphones, which they call “earspeakers.” Electrostatic headphones work similarly to electrostatic loudspeakers, but on a smaller scale.", "Stax Ltd __knowledge__ Stax Ltd. was founded in 1938.", "Stax Ltd __knowledge__ Twenty-two years later, in 1960, Stax released their first electrostatic earspeaker, the Stax SR-1.", "Stax Ltd __knowledge__ Over the following thirty-six years Stax produced a variety of amplification, earspeaker, tonearm, CD player, DAC, phono cartridge and loudspeaker products.", "Stax Ltd __knowledge__ In 1995, fifty-seven years after the company’s foundation, it became insolvent.", "Crystal radio __knowledge__ A crystal radio receiver, also called a crystal set, is a simple radio receiver, popular in the early days of radio.", "Crystal radio __knowledge__ It uses only the power of the received radio signal to produce sound, needing no external power or battery.", "Crystal radio __knowledge__ It is named for its most important component, a crystal detector, originally made from a piece of crystalline mineral such as galena.", "Crystal radio __knowledge__ This component is now called a diode.", "Crystal radio __knowledge__ Crystal radios are the simplest type of radio receiver and can be made with a few inexpensive parts, such as a wire for an antenna, a coil of wire , a capacitor, a crystal detector, and earphones.", "Crystal radio __knowledge__ Crystal radios are passive receivers, while other radios use a battery or the mains power to amplify the weak radio signal so as to make it louder.", "Hearables __knowledge__ Hearables or Smart headphones are technically advanced, electronic in-ear-devices designed for multiple purposes ranging from wireless transmission to communication objectives, medical monitoring and fitness tracking.", "Hearables __knowledge__ Hearables are therefore a manifestation of the concept of ubiquitous computing.", "Hearables __knowledge__ The neologism \"hearable\" is a hybrid of the terms wearable and headphone, as hearables combine major assets of wearable technology with the basic principle of audio-based information services, conventional rendition of music and wireless telecommunication.", "Hearables __knowledge__ The term was introduced in April 2014 simultaneously by Apple in the context of the company's acquisition of Beats Electronics and product designer and wireless application specialist Nick Hunn in a blogpost for a wearable technologies internet platform.", "Binaural recording __knowledge__ Binaural recording is a method of recording sound that uses two microphones, arranged with the intent to create a 3-D stereo sound sensation for the listener of actually being in the room with the performers or instruments.", "Binaural recording __knowledge__ This effect is often created using a technique known as \"dummy head recording\", wherein a mannequin head is outfitted with a microphone in each ear.", "Binaural recording __knowledge__ Binaural recording is intended for replay using headphones and will not translate properly over stereo speakers.", "Binaural recording __knowledge__ This idea of a three dimensional or \"internal\" form of sound has also translated into useful advancement of technology in many things such as stethoscopes creating \"in-head\" acoustics and IMAX movies being able to create a three dimensional acoustic experience.", "List of headphone manufacturers __knowledge__ This is a list of headphone manufacturers.", "List of headphone manufacturers __knowledge__ A headphone is a pair of small loudspeakers that are designed to be held in place close to a user's ears.", "List of headphone manufacturers __knowledge__ They are also known as earspeakers, earphones or, colloquially, cans.", "List of headphone manufacturers __knowledge__ The alternate in-ear versions are known as earbuds or earphones.", "List of headphone manufacturers __knowledge__ In the context of telecommunication, a headset is a combination of headphone and microphone.", "List of headphone manufacturers __knowledge__ Headphones either have wires for connection to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player, portable media player, mobile phone, video game consoles, electronic musical instrument, or have a wireless device, which is used to pick up signal without using a cable.", "Master & Dynamic __knowledge__ Master & Dynamic is a New York-based audio company.", "Master & Dynamic __knowledge__ Founded in 2013, Master & Dynamic designs and manufactures headphones, earphones, and audio accessories.", "Master & Dynamic __knowledge__ Master & Dynamic is geared towards the creative community.", "Master & Dynamic __knowledge__ Its boom microphone was developed in conjunction with the open space work collective, NeueHouse.", "Master & Dynamic __knowledge__ They have collaborated with designers and artists such as Proenza Schouler and Poggy, among others, and the company sponsors the arts program at Harlem Village Academies, a public charter school in Harlem.", "Master & Dynamic __knowledge__ The company also provides resources for musicians through their \"In-Residence\" program, which allows artists access to an in-house recording studio in addition to coverage on the company's blog, \"The 10,000.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones (or head-phones in the early days of telephony and radio) are a pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or around the head over a user's ears.", "Headphones __knowledge__ They are electroacoustic transducers, which convert an electrical signal to a corresponding sound.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones let a single user listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a loudspeaker, which emits sound into the open air for anyone nearby to hear.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones are also known as earspeakers, earphones or, colloquially, cans.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Circumaural and supra-aural headphones use a band over the top of the head to hold the speakers in place.", "Headphones __knowledge__ The other type, known as earbuds or earpieces consist of individual units that plug into the user's ear canal.", "Headphones __knowledge__ In the context of telecommunication, a headset is a combination of headphone and microphone.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Headphones connect to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player, portable media player, mobile phone, video game console, or electronic musical instrument, either directly using a cord, or using wireless technology such as bluetooth, DECT or FM radio.", "Headphones __knowledge__ The first headphones were developed in the late 19th century for use by telephone operators, to keep their hands free.", "Headphones __knowledge__ Initially the audio quality was mediocre and a step forward was the invention of high fidelity headphones.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ Bose Corporation produces headphones for consumer, aviation and military use.", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ The models range includes in-ear headphones, mobile headsets, supra-aural headphones, Circumaural headphones and military/aviation headsets.", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ The company was the first to release active noise cancelling headphones as a consumer product.", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ Bose's consumer range of active noise-cancelling headphones are called \"QuietComfort\".", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ For industrial noise-cancelling applications, Bose produces the A20 Aviation Headset, Space Shuttle Headset and Combat Vehicle Crewman Headset.", "Bose headphones __knowledge__ According to Bose, the company started noise-cancellation involvement after Dr. Amar Bose went on a 1978 flight to Europe, and \"was trying out new set of airline-supplied headphones and found that he couldn't really enjoy the sound with the roar of engines in the background\".", "Clothing fetish __knowledge__ Clothing fetishism or garment fetishism is a sexual fetish that revolves around a fixation upon a particular article or type of clothing, a collection of garments that appear as part of a fashion or uniform, or a person dressed in such a garment.", "Clothing fetish __knowledge__ The clinical definition of a sexual fetish would require that a person be fixated on a specific garment to the extent that it exists as a recurrent (or exclusive) stimulus for sexual gratification.", "Clothing fetish __knowledge__ One who exhibits a clothing fetish may be aroused by the sight of a person wearing a particular garment, or by wearing the garment oneself which can be because of the look one achieves by wearing it or the way it feels while it is being worn (and might also get some arousal by seeing somebody in it and imagining how it feels).", "Discontinued Bose headphones __knowledge__ This is a list of headphone products sold by the Bose Corporation that have been discontinued.", "Discontinued Bose headphones __knowledge__ The Bose QuietComfort Headphones (also now known as the QC1) was the very first consumer level headphones released by the company in 2000.", "Discontinued Bose headphones __knowledge__ The Bose QuietComfort Headphones came with To address some of the concerns with the QuietComfort Headphones, in 2003, Bose released their successor, the Bose QuietComfort 2 Headphones (also now known as the QC2).", "Discontinued Bose headphones __knowledge__ Like its predecessor, the QuietComfort 2 Headphones retailed at a suggested price of 299 USD in the US and approximately 480 USD in Europe (£275).", "Discontinued Bose headphones __knowledge__ Changes from the original QuietComfort Headphones include: There is a trade in program for previous owners wishing to upgrade to the QuietComfort headphones.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The Zodiac Killer or Zodiac was a serial killer who operated in Northern California from at least the late 1960s to the early 1970s.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The killer's identity remains unknown.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The Zodiac murdered victims in Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, and San Francisco between December 1968 and October 1969.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Four men and three women between the ages of 16 and 29 were targeted.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The killer originated the name \"Zodiac\" in a series of taunting letters sent to the local Bay Area press.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ These letters included four cryptograms (or ciphers).", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Of the four cryptograms sent, only one has been definitively solved.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Suspects have been named by law enforcement and amateur investigators, but no conclusive evidence has surfaced.", "2016 clown sightings __knowledge__ The 2016 clown sightings were reports of people disguised as evil clowns in incongruous settings, such as near forests and schools.", "2016 clown sightings __knowledge__ The incidents were reported in the United States, Canada, and subsequently in other countries and territories from August 2016.", "2016 clown sightings __knowledge__ The sightings were first reported in South Carolina when a 9-year-old boy told his mother that two suspicious males dressed as clowns tried to lure him into the nearby woods.", "2016 clown sightings __knowledge__ By mid-October 2016, clown sightings and attacks had been reported in nearly all U.S. states, 9 out of 13 provinces and territories of Canada, and 18 other countries.", "Hearables __knowledge__ Hearables or Smart headphones are technically advanced, electronic in-ear-devices designed for multiple purposes ranging from wireless transmission to communication objectives, medical monitoring and fitness tracking.", "Hearables __knowledge__ Hearables are therefore a manifestation of the concept of ubiquitous computing.", "Hearables __knowledge__ The neologism \"hearable\" is a hybrid of the terms wearable and headphone, as hearables combine major assets of wearable technology with the basic principle of audio-based information services, conventional rendition of music and wireless telecommunication.", "Hearables __knowledge__ The term was introduced in April 2014 simultaneously by Apple in the context of the company's acquisition of Beats Electronics and product designer and wireless application specialist Nick Hunn in a blogpost for a wearable technologies internet platform.", "Here One Wireless Smart Earbuds __knowledge__ Here One is a pair of wireless smart earbuds developed and manufactured by Doppler Labs.", "Here One Wireless Smart Earbuds __knowledge__ It allows users to control real-world sound, stream music, and amplify speech.", "Here One Wireless Smart Earbuds __knowledge__ It can also be used to take phone calls and selectively filter certain sounds, such as background noise.", "Here One Wireless Smart Earbuds __knowledge__ Here One has been called the world’s first in-ear computer.", "Here One Wireless Smart Earbuds __knowledge__ Here Active Listening, the predecessor to Here One, was a pair of two wireless smart earbuds and a connected app that allowed users to control real-world sound, but did not stream music.", "Here One Wireless Smart Earbuds __knowledge__ It was engineered specifically for transforming and curating live listening experiences, including live music.", "Hearing aid __knowledge__ A hearing aid is a device designed to improve hearing by making sound audible to a person with hearing loss.", "Hearing aid __knowledge__ Hearing aids are classified as medical devices in most countries, and regulated by the respective regulations.", "Hearing aid __knowledge__ Small audio amplifiers such as PSAPs or other plain sound reinforcing systems cannot be sold as \"hearing aids\".", "Hearing aid __knowledge__ Early devices, such as ear trumpets or ear horns, were passive amplification cones designed to gather sound energy and direct it into the ear canal.", "Hearing aid __knowledge__ Modern devices are computerised electroacoustic systems that transform environmental sound to make it audible, according to audiometrical and cognitive rules.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ A deaf person has little to no hearing.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ In children hearing problems can affect the ability to learn spoken language and in adults it can cause work related difficulties.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some infections, birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.", "Apple earbuds __knowledge__ Apple EarPods are white in-ear headphones included with music players and smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "Apple earbuds __knowledge__ They are designed to fit the ear while retaining a new design pushed by Apple alongside the iPod and iPod Touch products, with which they were sold together.", "Apple earbuds __knowledge__ The classic earbuds shipped with all iPods before the fifth generation of both the iPod touch and iPod nano, and the iPhone 5 (which are shipped with the newer Apple EarPods made in Taiwan rather than Japan).", "Apple earbuds __knowledge__ The first generation earbuds were packaged with the original iPod, on October 23, 2001.", "Apple earbuds __knowledge__ They are bundled with two pairs of foam covers." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 6, 4 ]

[ "I use headphones all the time, both earbuds and headsets alike, since they let me listen to music without others hearing.", "So many people use headphones nowadays, or what some people call earspeakers, earphones, or even cans!", "Most people in public wear earbuds, because tons of people want to listen to music in public and they go in your ear so they are less noticeable.", "That's one more colloquial way of referring to them (I usually call them headphones), and really? I usually see earbuds." ]

[ "Headphones", "Headphones", "Headphones", "Headphones" ]

[ "IPhone", "i did too, i remember though i still kept my blackberry for a while", "it was because of my job, they used them, so i just had 2 phones for a few years, the keyboard was better until the iphone 3", "i'm still using the iPhone 8 , havn't really felt the need to upgrade yet, they do seem to last for a long time compared to Android" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Other functionality, such as video games, reference works, and social networking, can be enabled by downloading mobile apps.", "IPhone __knowledge__ , Apple's App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Apple has released eleven generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the eleven major releases of the iOS operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The original first-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents, such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Other functionality, such as video games, reference works, and social networking, can be enabled by downloading mobile apps.", "IPhone __knowledge__ , Apple's App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Apple has released eleven generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the eleven major releases of the iOS operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The original first-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents, such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ BlackBerry Limited is a Canadian multinational company specializing in enterprise software and the Internet of things.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ Originally known as Research In Motion (RIM), it is best known to the general public as the former developer of the BlackBerry brand of smartphones, and tablets, it transitioned to an enterprise software and services company under CEO John S. Chen.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ Its products are used worldwide by various businesses, car makers, and government agencies, and include the AtHoc crisis communications platform, the QNX real-time operating system, and BlackBerry UEM, an endpoint management platform.", "BlackBerry __knowledge__ BlackBerry is a line of smartphones, tablets, and services originally designed and marketed by Canadian company BlackBerry Limited (formerly known as Research In Motion Limited).", "BlackBerry __knowledge__ These are currently designed, manufactured, and marketed by TCL Communication, BlackBerry Mobile, BB Merah Putih, and Optiemus for the global, Indonesian, and Indian markets, respectively, continuously using the BlackBerry brand.", "BlackBerry __knowledge__ BlackBerry was considered one of the most prominent smartphone vendors in the world, specializing in secure communications and mobile productivity.", "BlackBerry __knowledge__ At its peak in September 2013, there were 85 million BlackBerry subscribers worldwide.", "BlackBerry 10 __knowledge__ BlackBerry 10 is a proprietary mobile operating system for the BlackBerry line of smartphones, both developed by BlackBerry Limited (formerly Research In Motion).", "BlackBerry 10 __knowledge__ BlackBerry 10 is based on QNX, a Unix-like operating system that was originally developed by QNX Software Systems until the company was acquired by BlackBerry in April 2010.", "BlackBerry 10 __knowledge__ It supports the application framework Qt (version 4.8) and features an Android runtime to run Android applications.", "BlackBerry 10 __knowledge__ Prior to version 10.3.1, BlackBerry 10 also supported the Adobe AIR runtime.", "BlackBerry 10 __knowledge__ The user interface uses a combination of gestures and touch-based interactions for navigation and control, making it possible to control a device without having to press any physical buttons, with the exception of the power button that switches the device on or off.", "BlackBerry PlayBook __knowledge__ The BlackBerry PlayBook is a mini tablet computer developed by BlackBerry and made by Quanta Computer, an original design manufacturer (ODM) It was first released for sale on April 19, 2011, in Canada and the United States.", "BlackBerry PlayBook __knowledge__ The PlayBook is the first device to run BlackBerry Tablet OS, based on QNX Neutrino, and runs apps developed using Adobe AIR.", "BlackBerry PlayBook __knowledge__ It was later announced that the BlackBerry Tablet OS would be merged with the existing BlackBerry OS to produce a new operating system, BlackBerry 10, that would be used universally across BlackBerry's product line.", "BlackBerry PlayBook __knowledge__ A second major revision to the BlackBerry PlayBook OS was released in February 2012.", "BlackBerry Priv __knowledge__ The BlackBerry Priv is a slider smartphone developed by BlackBerry Limited.", "BlackBerry Priv __knowledge__ Following a series of leaks, it was officially announced by BlackBerry CEO John Chen on September 25, 2015, with pre-orders opening on October 23, 2015 for a release on November 6, 2015.", "BlackBerry Priv __knowledge__ The Priv is the first BlackBerry-branded smartphone that does not run the company's proprietary BlackBerry OS or BlackBerry 10 (BB10) platforms.", "BlackBerry Priv __knowledge__ It instead uses Android, customized with features inspired by those on BlackBerry phones, and security enhancements.", "BlackBerry Priv __knowledge__ With its use of Android—one of two smartphone platforms that significantly impacted BlackBerry's early dominance in the smartphone industry—the company sought to leverage access to the larger ecosystem of software available through the Google Play Store (as opposed to BlackBerry 10 devices, which were limited to native BB10 apps from BlackBerry World and Android apps from the third-party Amazon Appstore running in a compatibility subsystem), in combination with a slide-out physical keyboard and privacy-focused features.", "BlackBerry World __knowledge__ BlackBerry World (previously BlackBerry App World) is an application distribution service and application by BlackBerry Limited for a majority of BlackBerry devices.", "BlackBerry World __knowledge__ The service provides BlackBerry users with an environment to browse, download and update third-party applications.", "BlackBerry World __knowledge__ The service went live on April 1, 2009.", "BlackBerry World __knowledge__ Of the three major app stores of different operating systems, it has the largest revenue per app at $9,166.67 compared to $6,480.00 and $1,200.00 by the Apple App Store and Google Play, respectively.", "BlackBerry World __knowledge__ On 21 January 2013, BlackBerry announced that it rebranded the \"BlackBerry App World\" to simpler \"BlackBerry World\" as part of the release of the BlackBerry 10 operating system.", "BlackBerry Passport __knowledge__ BlackBerry Passport is a smartphone developed by BlackBerry Limited.", "BlackBerry Passport __knowledge__ Officially released on October 24, 2014, the Passport is inspired by its namesake and incorporates features designed to make the device attractive to enterprise users, such as a unique square-shaped display measuring 4.5 inches diagonally, a compact physical keyboard with touchpad gestures, and the latest release of the company's BlackBerry 10 operating system.", "BlackBerry Passport __knowledge__ Reception to the Passport was mixed; critics praised the quality of the device's design, screen, and keyboard for meeting the company's goals of creating a business-oriented device, along with an improved application selection through the integration of Amazon's Appstore for Android (taking advantage of the Android software support provided by BlackBerry 10) alongside BlackBerry's own store for native software.", "IPhone 5S __knowledge__ The iPhone 5S is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. Part of the iPhone series, the device was unveiled on September 10, 2013, at Apple's Cupertino headquarters.", "IPhone 5S __knowledge__ It was released on September 20, 2013, along with its lower-cost counterpart, the iPhone 5c.", "IPhone 5S __knowledge__ The iPhone 5S maintains almost the same external design as its predecessor, the iPhone 5, although the 5S received a new white/gold color scheme in addition to white/silver and space gray/black, however the 5S has vastly upgraded internal hardware.", "IPhone 5S __knowledge__ The 5S introduced the A7 64-bit dual-core system-on-chip, the first 64-bit processor to be used on a smartphone, accompanied by the M7 \"motion co-processor\".", "IPhone 4 __knowledge__ The iPhone 4 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 4 __knowledge__ Following a number of notable leaks, the iPhone 4 was first unveiled on June 7, 2010, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco, and was released on June 24, 2010, in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan.", "IPhone 4 __knowledge__ It is the 4th generation of iPhone, succeeding the 3GS and preceding the 4S.", "IPhone 4 __knowledge__ The iPhone 4 introduced a new hardware design to the iPhone family, which Apple's CEO Steve Jobs touted as the thinnest smartphone in the world at the time; it consisted of a stainless steel frame which doubles as an antenna, with internal components situated between aluminosilicate glass.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ The iPhone 5 is a smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ It is the sixth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 4S and preceding the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ Formally unveiled as part of a press event on September 12, 2012, it was released on September 21, 2012.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ The iPhone 5 is the first iPhone to be announced in September and setting a trend for subsequent iPhone releases, the first iPhone to be completely developed under the guidance of Tim Cook and the last iPhone to be overseen by Steve Jobs.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ The iPhone 5 featured major design changes in comparison to its predecessor.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ These included an aluminum-based body which was thinner and lighter than previous models, a taller screen with a nearly aspect ratio, the Apple A6 system-on-chip, LTE support, and Lightning, a new compact dock connector which replaced the 30-pin design used by previous iPhone models.", "IPhone 4S __knowledge__ The iPhone 4S (retroactively stylized with a lowercase 's' as iPhone 4s as of September 2013) is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 4S __knowledge__ It is the fifth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 4 and preceding the iPhone 5.", "IPhone 4S __knowledge__ Announced on October 4, 2011 at Apple's Cupertino campus, its media coverage was accompanied by news of the death of former Apple CEO and co-founder Steve Jobs on the following day.", "IPhone 4S __knowledge__ Orders could be placed on October 7, 2011 and mainstream availability in retail stores began on October 14, 2011 in the United States, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan.", "IPhone 5C __knowledge__ The iPhone 5C (marketed with a stylized lowercase 'c' as iPhone 5c) is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 5C __knowledge__ The device was part of the iPhone series and was unveiled on September 10, 2013, and released on September 20, 2013, along with its higher-end counterpart, the iPhone 5S.", "IPhone 5C __knowledge__ The \"c\" in the phone's name stood for \"color\".", "IPhone 5C __knowledge__ The iPhone 5C is a variant of the iPhone 5, with similar hardware specifications but a hard-coated polycarbonate shell instead of the aluminium of the original iPhone 5.", "IPhone 5C __knowledge__ The iPhone 5C was available in several color options, and shipped with iOS 7.", "IPhone 5C __knowledge__ The iPhone 5C was sold at a discounted price point in comparison to the 5S: unlike Apple's prior practice of lowering the price of the previous model upon release of a new version, the iPhone 5 was explicitly discontinued and replaced by the 5C.", "IPhone X __knowledge__ iPhone X (\"X\" pronounced \"ten\" ) is a smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone X __knowledge__ It was announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus.", "IPhone X __knowledge__ The phone was released on November 3, 2017.", "IPhone X __knowledge__ This iPhone marks the device's tenth anniversary, with \"X\" being the symbol for \"ten\" in Roman numerals.", "IPhone X __knowledge__ The iPhone X is intended to showcase what Apple thinks is technology of the future, specifically adopting OLED screen technology for the first time in iPhone history, as well as using a glass and stainless-steel form factor, offering wireless charging, and removing the home button in favor of introducing Face ID, a new authentication method using advanced technologies to scan the user's face to unlock the device, as well as for the use of animated emojis called Animoji." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Other functionality, such as video games, reference works, and social networking, can be enabled by downloading mobile apps.", "IPhone __knowledge__ , Apple's App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Apple has released eleven generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the eleven major releases of the iOS operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The original first-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents, such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most if not all smartphones also support Wi-Fi.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Smartphones are typically pocket-sized, as opposed to tablets, which are much larger.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ They are able to run a variety of software components, known as “apps”.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Most basic apps (e.g.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ event calendar, camera, web browser) come pre-installed with the system, while others are available for download from places like the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Apps can receive bug fixes and gain additional functionality through software updates; similarly, operating systems are able to update.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple's software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, or Xcode.", "IOS version history __knowledge__ iOS is a mobile operating system, developed by Apple Inc. for iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch.", "IOS version history __knowledge__ Updates for iOS are released through the iTunes software, and, since iOS 5, via over-the-air software updates.", "IOS version history __knowledge__ With the announcement of iOS 5.0 on June 6, 2011, a USB connection to iTunes was no longer needed to activate iOS devices; data synchronization can happen automatically and wirelessly through Apple's iCloud service.", "IOS version history __knowledge__ Major new iOS releases are announced yearly during the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), and are usually released in September of the same year, usually coinciding with the release of new iPhone models.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ The iPhone 5 is a smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ It is the sixth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 4S and preceding the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ Formally unveiled as part of a press event on September 12, 2012, it was released on September 21, 2012.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ The iPhone 5 is the first iPhone to be announced in September and setting a trend for subsequent iPhone releases, the first iPhone to be completely developed under the guidance of Tim Cook and the last iPhone to be overseen by Steve Jobs.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ The iPhone 5 featured major design changes in comparison to its predecessor.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ These included an aluminum-based body which was thinner and lighter than previous models, a taller screen with a nearly aspect ratio, the Apple A6 system-on-chip, LTE support, and Lightning, a new compact dock connector which replaced the 30-pin design used by previous iPhone models.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017, and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ The iPhone 7's overall design is similar to the iPhone 6S, but introduces new color options, water and dust resistance, a new capacitive, static home button, and removes the 3.5 mm headphone jack.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus include larger displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi-Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications-based mobile payments offering.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ BlackBerry Limited is a Canadian multinational company specializing in enterprise software and the Internet of things.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ Originally known as Research In Motion (RIM), it is best known to the general public as the former developer of the BlackBerry brand of smartphones, and tablets, it transitioned to an enterprise software and services company under CEO John S. Chen.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ Its products are used worldwide by various businesses, car makers, and government agencies, and include the AtHoc crisis communications platform, the QNX real-time operating system, and BlackBerry UEM, an endpoint management platform.", "BlackBerry __knowledge__ BlackBerry is a line of smartphones, tablets, and services originally designed and marketed by Canadian company BlackBerry Limited (formerly known as Research In Motion Limited).", "BlackBerry __knowledge__ These are currently designed, manufactured, and marketed by TCL Communication, BlackBerry Mobile, BB Merah Putih, and Optiemus for the global, Indonesian, and Indian markets, respectively, continuously using the BlackBerry brand.", "BlackBerry __knowledge__ BlackBerry was considered one of the most prominent smartphone vendors in the world, specializing in secure communications and mobile productivity.", "BlackBerry __knowledge__ At its peak in September 2013, there were 85 million BlackBerry subscribers worldwide.", "BlackBerry 10 __knowledge__ BlackBerry 10 is a proprietary mobile operating system for the BlackBerry line of smartphones, both developed by BlackBerry Limited (formerly Research In Motion).", "BlackBerry 10 __knowledge__ BlackBerry 10 is based on QNX, a Unix-like operating system that was originally developed by QNX Software Systems until the company was acquired by BlackBerry in April 2010.", "BlackBerry 10 __knowledge__ It supports the application framework Qt (version 4.8) and features an Android runtime to run Android applications.", "BlackBerry 10 __knowledge__ Prior to version 10.3.1, BlackBerry 10 also supported the Adobe AIR runtime.", "BlackBerry 10 __knowledge__ The user interface uses a combination of gestures and touch-based interactions for navigation and control, making it possible to control a device without having to press any physical buttons, with the exception of the power button that switches the device on or off.", "BlackBerry Priv __knowledge__ The BlackBerry Priv is a slider smartphone developed by BlackBerry Limited.", "BlackBerry Priv __knowledge__ Following a series of leaks, it was officially announced by BlackBerry CEO John Chen on September 25, 2015, with pre-orders opening on October 23, 2015 for a release on November 6, 2015.", "BlackBerry Priv __knowledge__ The Priv is the first BlackBerry-branded smartphone that does not run the company's proprietary BlackBerry OS or BlackBerry 10 (BB10) platforms.", "BlackBerry Priv __knowledge__ It instead uses Android, customized with features inspired by those on BlackBerry phones, and security enhancements.", "BlackBerry Priv __knowledge__ With its use of Android—one of two smartphone platforms that significantly impacted BlackBerry's early dominance in the smartphone industry—the company sought to leverage access to the larger ecosystem of software available through the Google Play Store (as opposed to BlackBerry 10 devices, which were limited to native BB10 apps from BlackBerry World and Android apps from the third-party Amazon Appstore running in a compatibility subsystem), in combination with a slide-out physical keyboard and privacy-focused features.", "BlackBerry PlayBook __knowledge__ The BlackBerry PlayBook is a mini tablet computer developed by BlackBerry and made by Quanta Computer, an original design manufacturer (ODM) It was first released for sale on April 19, 2011, in Canada and the United States.", "BlackBerry PlayBook __knowledge__ The PlayBook is the first device to run BlackBerry Tablet OS, based on QNX Neutrino, and runs apps developed using Adobe AIR.", "BlackBerry PlayBook __knowledge__ It was later announced that the BlackBerry Tablet OS would be merged with the existing BlackBerry OS to produce a new operating system, BlackBerry 10, that would be used universally across BlackBerry's product line.", "BlackBerry PlayBook __knowledge__ A second major revision to the BlackBerry PlayBook OS was released in February 2012.", "BlackBerry Bold 9700 __knowledge__ The BlackBerry Bold 9700 (codenamed Onyx) is a smartphone developed by telecommunication company BlackBerry, formerly known as Research in Motion (RIM).", "BlackBerry Bold 9700 __knowledge__ The second device in the Bold series, it succeeds the model 9000 and precedes the Bold 9650.", "BlackBerry Bold 9700 __knowledge__ The device, which runs on the BlackBerry OS, features several improvements over the 9000, including introduction of an optical trackpad, and a reduced size overall.", "BlackBerry Bold 9700 __knowledge__ Other visual changes were carried out in order to appeal both men and women.", "BlackBerry Bold 9700 __knowledge__ Upon release, the BlackBerry Bold 9700 received mostly positive reviews from critics.", "BlackBerry Bold 9700 __knowledge__ The smartphone was commended for its design and most changes were favored, such as the trackpad." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Other functionality, such as video games, reference works, and social networking, can be enabled by downloading mobile apps.", "IPhone __knowledge__ , Apple's App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone.", "IPhone __knowledge__ Apple has released eleven generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the eleven major releases of the iOS operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The original first-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents, such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations.", "IPhone 8 __knowledge__ iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 8 __knowledge__ They were announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the higher-end iPhone X, at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus, and were released on September 22, 2017, succeeding iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus.", "IPhone 8 __knowledge__ Besides the addition of a glass back, the designs of iPhone 8 and 8 Plus are largely similar to that of their predecessors.", "IPhone 8 __knowledge__ Notable changes include the addition of wireless charging, a faster processor, and improved cameras and displays.", "IPhone 8 __knowledge__ The iPhone 8 and 8 Plus share most of their internal hardware with the iPhone X.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017, and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ The iPhone 7's overall design is similar to the iPhone 6S, but introduces new color options, water and dust resistance, a new capacitive, static home button, and removes the 3.5 mm headphone jack.", "IPhone X __knowledge__ iPhone X (\"X\" pronounced \"ten\" ) is a smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone X __knowledge__ It was announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus.", "IPhone X __knowledge__ The phone was released on November 3, 2017.", "IPhone X __knowledge__ This iPhone marks the device's tenth anniversary, with \"X\" being the symbol for \"ten\" in Roman numerals.", "IPhone X __knowledge__ The iPhone X is intended to showcase what Apple thinks is technology of the future, specifically adopting OLED screen technology for the first time in iPhone history, as well as using a glass and stainless-steel form factor, offering wireless charging, and removing the home button in favor of introducing Face ID, a new authentication method using advanced technologies to scan the user's face to unlock the device, as well as for the use of animated emojis called Animoji.", "IOS 11 __knowledge__ iOS 11 is the eleventh major release of the iOS mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc., being the successor to iOS 10.", "IOS 11 __knowledge__ It was announced at the company's Worldwide Developers Conference on June 5, 2017, and released on September 19, 2017.", "IOS 11 __knowledge__ Among iOS 11's changes: the lock screen and Notification Center are combined, allowing all notifications to be displayed directly on the lock screen.", "IOS 11 __knowledge__ The various pages of the Control Center are unified, gaining custom settings and the ability to 3D Touch icons for more options.", "IOS 11 __knowledge__ The App Store receives a visual overhaul to focus on editorial content and daily highlights.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple's software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, or Xcode.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ In addition, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Variants of Android are also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and other electronics.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, with the first commercial Android device launched in September 2008.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus include larger displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi-Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications-based mobile payments offering.", "IOS version history __knowledge__ iOS is a mobile operating system, developed by Apple Inc. for iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch.", "IOS version history __knowledge__ Updates for iOS are released through the iTunes software, and, since iOS 5, via over-the-air software updates.", "IOS version history __knowledge__ With the announcement of iOS 5.0 on June 6, 2011, a USB connection to iTunes was no longer needed to activate iOS devices; data synchronization can happen automatically and wirelessly through Apple's iCloud service.", "IOS version history __knowledge__ Major new iOS releases are announced yearly during the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), and are usually released in September of the same year, usually coinciding with the release of new iPhone models.", "IPhone 5S __knowledge__ The iPhone 5S is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. Part of the iPhone series, the device was unveiled on September 10, 2013, at Apple's Cupertino headquarters.", "IPhone 5S __knowledge__ It was released on September 20, 2013, along with its lower-cost counterpart, the iPhone 5c.", "IPhone 5S __knowledge__ The iPhone 5S maintains almost the same external design as its predecessor, the iPhone 5, although the 5S received a new white/gold color scheme in addition to white/silver and space gray/black, however the 5S has vastly upgraded internal hardware.", "IPhone 5S __knowledge__ The 5S introduced the A7 64-bit dual-core system-on-chip, the first 64-bit processor to be used on a smartphone, accompanied by the M7 \"motion co-processor\".", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ The iPhone 5 is a smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ It is the sixth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 4S and preceding the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ Formally unveiled as part of a press event on September 12, 2012, it was released on September 21, 2012.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ The iPhone 5 is the first iPhone to be announced in September and setting a trend for subsequent iPhone releases, the first iPhone to be completely developed under the guidance of Tim Cook and the last iPhone to be overseen by Steve Jobs.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ The iPhone 5 featured major design changes in comparison to its predecessor.", "IPhone 5 __knowledge__ These included an aluminum-based body which was thinner and lighter than previous models, a taller screen with a nearly aspect ratio, the Apple A6 system-on-chip, LTE support, and Lightning, a new compact dock connector which replaced the 30-pin design used by previous iPhone models." ] ]

[ 3, 14, 36, 2 ]

[ "I've had an iPhone ever since it was released in 2007.", "I had a girlfriend in 2007 who was addicte dto her blackberry. I think that was my first interaction with a smartphone. Unfortunately, she loved the blackberry more than me so it didn't work out. hehe", "Well now I have an iPhone 6. I think I've had it since they were released in 2014. It is getting to be a bit long in the tooth.", "I've become so accustomed to Apples iOS that it would require some discretionary effort for me to switch to Android. That hurdle, albeit minor, does require that an Android phone be quite compelling to attract my dollars." ]

[ "IPhone", "IPhone", "IPhone", "IPhone" ]

[ "Lesbian\nI am a lesbian. I finally married last year!", "It was my age that made me wait. I wanted to be at least 21 so I could drink at my own reception.", "We were both 18 when we met", "It was very fun and everything I ever dreamed of.", "I guess either lesbian or gay... same thing." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lesbian __knowledge__ A lesbian is a homosexual woman who is romantically or sexually attracted to other women.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The term \"lesbian\" is also used to express sexual identity or sexual behavior regardless of sexual orientation, or as an adjective to characterize or associate nouns with female homosexuality or same-sex attraction.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The concept of \"lesbian\", to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation, is a 20th-century construct.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Throughout history, women have not had the same freedom or independence to pursue homosexual relationships as men, but neither have they met the same harsh punishment as homosexual men in some societies.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Instead, lesbian relationships have often been regarded as harmless and incomparable to heterosexual ones unless the participants attempted to assert privileges traditionally enjoyed by men.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ As a result, little in history was documented to give an accurate description of how female homosexuality is expressed.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ When early sexologists in the late 19th century began to categorize and describe homosexual behavior, hampered by a lack of knowledge about homosexuality or women's sexuality, they distinguished lesbians as women who did not adhere to female gender roles and incorrectly designated them mentally ill—a designation which has been reversed in the global scientific community.", "History of lesbianism in the United States __knowledge__ This article addresses the history of lesbianism in the United States.", "History of lesbianism in the United States __knowledge__ Unless otherwise noted, the members of same-sex female couples discussed here are not known to be lesbian (rather than for example bisexual) but they are mentioned as part of discussing the practice of lesbianism — that is, same-sex female sexual and romantic behavior.", "History of lesbianism in the United States __knowledge__ Laws against lesbian sexual activity were suggested but usually not created or enforced in early American history.", "History of lesbianism in the United States __knowledge__ In 1636, John Cotton proposed a law for Massachusetts Bay making sex between two women (or two men) a capital offense, but the law was not enacted.", "Lesbian feminism __knowledge__ Lesbian feminism is a cultural movement and critical perspective, most influential in the 1970s and early 1980s (primarily in North America and Western Europe), that encourages women to direct their energies toward other women rather than men, and often advocates lesbianism as the logical result of feminism.", "Lesbian feminism __knowledge__ Some key thinkers and activists are Charlotte Bunch, Rita Mae Brown, Adrienne Rich, Audre Lorde, Marilyn Frye, Mary Daly, Sheila Jeffreys, Barbara Smith, Pat Parker, Margaret Sloan-Hunter, Cheryl Clarke, Gloria Anzaldua, Cherrie Moraga, and Monique Wittig (although the latter is more commonly associated with the emergence of queer theory).", "Media portrayal of lesbianism __knowledge__ Lesbians often attract media attention, particularly in relation to feminism, love and sexual relationships, marriage and parenting.", "Media portrayal of lesbianism __knowledge__ Some writers who have asserted this trend can lead to exploitative and unjustified plot devices.", "Media portrayal of lesbianism __knowledge__ The lack of lesbian portrayal in the media can also influence the consumer's view of the particular sexuality.", "Media portrayal of lesbianism __knowledge__ Common tropes of lesbians in the media include butch or femme lesbians and lesbian parents.", "Media portrayal of lesbianism __knowledge__ The word Butch lesbian comes from the idea of a lesbian expressing themselves as masculine by dressing masculine, behaving masculinely, or liking things that are deemed masculine, while the word femme lesbian comes from the idea of a lesbian expressing themselves as feminine by dressing feminine, behaving femininely, or liking things that are deemed feminine.", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction __knowledge__ LGBT themes in speculative fiction refer to the incorporation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) themes into science fiction, fantasy, horror fiction and related genres.", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction __knowledge__ Such elements may include an LGBT character as the protagonist or a major character, or explorations of sexuality or gender that deviate from the hetero-normative.", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction and fantasy have traditionally been puritanical genres aimed at a male readership, and can be more restricted than non-genre literature by their conventions of characterisation and the effect that these conventions have on depictions of sexuality and gender.", "Lesbian literature __knowledge__ Lesbian literature is a subgenre of literature addressing lesbian themes.", "Lesbian literature __knowledge__ It includes poetry, plays, fiction addressing lesbian characters, and non-fiction about lesbian-interest topics.", "Lesbian literature __knowledge__ Fiction that falls into this category may be of any genre, such as historical fiction, science fiction, fantasy, horror and romance.", "Lesbian literature __knowledge__ Lesbian literature includes works by lesbian authors, as well as lesbian-themed works by heterosexual authors.", "Lesbian literature __knowledge__ Even works by lesbian writers that do not deal with lesbian themes are still often considered lesbian literature.", "Lesbian literature __knowledge__ Works by heterosexual writers which treat lesbian themes only in passing, on the other hand, are not often regarded as lesbian literature.", "Don Korotsky Norte __knowledge__ Don Korotsky Norte is an American gay rights political activist.", "Don Korotsky Norte __knowledge__ He is one half of a Los Angeles gay couple who have been together since meeting in high school in 1978.", "Don Korotsky Norte __knowledge__ Don's initial desire to marry his high school sweetheart made headlines in a 1995 \"Los Angeles Times\" article when the couple expressed their desire to hop on a plane to Hawaii and then seek to enforce their marriage rights in California.", "Don Korotsky Norte __knowledge__ The Times article was one of the first that documented the rise of Defense of Marriage Act or DOMA a year later.", "Don Korotsky Norte __knowledge__ In 2008 \"Advocate Magazine\" featured Norte's marriage to his spouse during the Summer of Love in 2008." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lesbian __knowledge__ A lesbian is a homosexual woman who is romantically or sexually attracted to other women.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The term \"lesbian\" is also used to express sexual identity or sexual behavior regardless of sexual orientation, or as an adjective to characterize or associate nouns with female homosexuality or same-sex attraction.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The concept of \"lesbian\", to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation, is a 20th-century construct.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Throughout history, women have not had the same freedom or independence to pursue homosexual relationships as men, but neither have they met the same harsh punishment as homosexual men in some societies.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Instead, lesbian relationships have often been regarded as harmless and incomparable to heterosexual ones unless the participants attempted to assert privileges traditionally enjoyed by men.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ As a result, little in history was documented to give an accurate description of how female homosexuality is expressed.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ When early sexologists in the late 19th century began to categorize and describe homosexual behavior, hampered by a lack of knowledge about homosexuality or women's sexuality, they distinguished lesbians as women who did not adhere to female gender roles and incorrectly designated them mentally ill—a designation which has been reversed in the global scientific community.", "Pulqueria __knowledge__ Pulquerías (or pulcherías) are a type of tavern in Mexico that specialize in serving an alcoholic beverage known as pulque.", "Pulqueria __knowledge__ Established during early colonial rule, pulquerías remained popular venues for Mexican socializing until the mid-20th century.", "Pulqueria __knowledge__ They were associated with extravagant decorations and names, social drinking, music, dancing, gambling, fighting, crime, and sexual promiscuity.", "Pulqueria __knowledge__ Central to daily life and culture in Mexico, government authorities throughout history generally saw them as threats to the social order and the progress of the nation.", "Pulqueria __knowledge__ Numerous restrictions were later put on pulquerías and the sale of pulque.", "Alcohol laws of Kansas __knowledge__ The alcohol laws of Kansas are among the strictest in the United States, in sharp contrast to its neighboring state of Missouri (see Alcohol laws of Missouri), and similar to (though somewhat less rigid than) its other neighboring state of Oklahoma (see Alcohol laws of Oklahoma).", "Alcohol laws of Kansas __knowledge__ Legislation is enforced by the Kansas Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control.", "Alcohol laws of Kansas __knowledge__ Kansas had statewide prohibition from 1881 to 1948, longer than any other state, and continued to prohibit general on-premises liquor sales until 1987.", "Alcohol laws of Kansas __knowledge__ Kansas's strict and highly regulated approach to alcohol stems from lingering vestiges of its long era of prohibition.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ Naso or Nasso ( — Hebrew for \"take a census\" or \"lift up,\" the sixth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 35th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Numbers.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ It constitutes The parashah addresses priestly duties, purifying the camp, restitution for wrongs committed, the wife accused of unfaithfulness (\"sotah\"), the nazirite, the Priestly Blessing, and the consecration of the Tabernacle.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ Naso has the largest number of letters, words, and verses of any of the 54 weekly Torah portions.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 8,632 Hebrew letters, 2,264 Hebrew words, and 176 verses, and can occupy about 311 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Age of candidacy __knowledge__ Age of candidacy is the minimum age at which a person can legally qualify to hold certain elected government offices.", "Age of candidacy __knowledge__ In many cases, it also determines the age at which a person may be eligible to stand for an election or be granted ballot access.", "Age of candidacy __knowledge__ The first known example of a law enforcing age of candidacy was the \"Lex Villia Annalis\", a Roman law enacted in 180 BCE which set the minimum ages for senatorial magistrates.", "Age of candidacy __knowledge__ Many youth rights groups view current age of candidacy requirements as unjustified age discrimination.", "Age of candidacy __knowledge__ Occasionally people who are younger than the minimum age will run for an office in protest of the requirement or because they don't know that the requirement exists.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Bo ( — in Hebrew, the command form of \"go,\" or \"come,\" and the first significant word in the parashah, in ) is the fifteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Exodus.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah tells of the last three plagues on Egypt and the first Passover.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 6,149 Hebrew letters, 1,655 Hebrew words, and 106 verses, and can occupy about 207 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Jews read it the fifteenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in January or early February.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ As the parashah describes the first Passover, Jews also read part of the parashah, as the initial Torah reading for the first day of Passover, and another part, as the initial Torah reading for the first intermediate day (\"Chol HaMoed\") of Passover.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ The state laws governing alcoholic beverages in New Jersey are among the most complex in the United States, with many peculiarities not found in other states' laws.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ They provide for 29 distinct liquor licenses granted to manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and for the public warehousing and transport of alcoholic beverages.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ General authority for the statutory and regulatory control of alcoholic beverages rests with the state government, particularly the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control overseen by the state's Attorney General.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ Under home rule, New Jersey law grants individual municipalities substantial discretion in passing ordinances regulating the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages within their limits.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel __knowledge__ The uniforms and insignia of the \"Schutzstaffel\" were paramilitary ranks and uniforms used by the SS between 1925 and 1945 to differentiate that organization from the regular German armed forces, the German state, and the Nazi Party.", "Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel __knowledge__ While different uniforms existed for the SS over time, the all black SS uniform is the most well known.", "Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel __knowledge__ The black-white-red colour scheme was characteristic of the German Empire, and was later adopted by the Nazi Party.", "Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel __knowledge__ Further, black was popular with fascist movements: a black uniform was introduced by the blackshirts in Italy before the creation of the SS.", "Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel __knowledge__ There was a traditional reason, as well.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ The 2015 AAA Texas 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race held on November 8, 2015, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) intermediate quad-oval, it was the 34th race of the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, eighth race of the Chase and second race of the Eliminator Round.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Jimmie Johnson won the race, his fifth of the season.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Brad Keselowski finished second.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Kevin Harvick, Kyle Busch and Carl Edwards rounded out the top-five.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ Keselowski won the pole for the race and led a race high of 312 laps on his way to a runner-up finish.", "2015 AAA Texas 500 __knowledge__ The race had 15 lead changes among eight different drivers, as well as nine caution flag periods for 47 laps.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Originally a trainee for George and Shunji Takano's Pro Wrestling Crusaders, Tanaka transferred to Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling where he trained under Atsushi Onita.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Tanaka debuted on July 23, 1993 in Saga City, facing Ricky Fuji.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ He quickly began moving up the card in FMW, widely regarded as the top hardcore professional wrestling promotion in Japan.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Wrestling in matches featuring explosions and barbed wire, Tanaka earned a variety of scars, and the nickname \"Dangan\", which he would often shout during his matches.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ By 1996 he was one of the promotion's major stars, and had feuded with such luminaries as Mr. Pogo, Mr. Gannosuke, Terry Funk and Mike Awesome." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lesbian __knowledge__ A lesbian is a homosexual woman who is romantically or sexually attracted to other women.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The term \"lesbian\" is also used to express sexual identity or sexual behavior regardless of sexual orientation, or as an adjective to characterize or associate nouns with female homosexuality or same-sex attraction.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The concept of \"lesbian\", to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation, is a 20th-century construct.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Throughout history, women have not had the same freedom or independence to pursue homosexual relationships as men, but neither have they met the same harsh punishment as homosexual men in some societies.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Instead, lesbian relationships have often been regarded as harmless and incomparable to heterosexual ones unless the participants attempted to assert privileges traditionally enjoyed by men.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ As a result, little in history was documented to give an accurate description of how female homosexuality is expressed.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ When early sexologists in the late 19th century began to categorize and describe homosexual behavior, hampered by a lack of knowledge about homosexuality or women's sexuality, they distinguished lesbians as women who did not adhere to female gender roles and incorrectly designated them mentally ill—a designation which has been reversed in the global scientific community.", "Metropolitan Railway __knowledge__ The Metropolitan Railway (also known as the Met) was a passenger and goods railway that served London from 1863 to 1933, its main line heading north-west from the capital's financial heart in the City to what were to become the Middlesex suburbs.", "Metropolitan Railway __knowledge__ Its first line connected the main-line railway termini at , , and King's Cross to the City.", "Metropolitan Railway __knowledge__ The first section was built beneath the New Road using the \"cut-and-cover\" method between Paddington and King's Cross and in tunnel and cuttings beside Farringdon Road from King's Cross to near Smithfield, near the City.", "Metropolitan Railway __knowledge__ It opened to the public on 10 January 1863 with gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives, the world's first passenger-carrying designated underground railway.", "World Snooker Championship __knowledge__ The World Snooker Championship is the leading snooker tournament both in terms of prestige and prize money.", "World Snooker Championship __knowledge__ The first championship was held in 1927 and was won by Joe Davis.", "World Snooker Championship __knowledge__ Davis won the first 15 championships before retiring from the event, undefeated, after his 1946 success.", "World Snooker Championship __knowledge__ In the 1950s snooker went into a period of decline and the championship was not held after 1952, although an unofficial championship was held until 1957.", "World Snooker Championship __knowledge__ In 1964 the championship was revived on a challenge basis and in 1969 the championship became a knock-out event again.", "World Snooker Championship __knowledge__ Since 1977 it has been played at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ This article provides a narrative beginning in 1999 of investigations by the Metropolitan Police Service (Met) of Greater London into the illegal acquisition of confidential information by agents of the news media that is commonly referred to as the phone hacking scandal.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ The article discusses seven phases of investigations by the Met and several investigations of the Met itself, including critiques and responses regarding the Met's performance.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ Separate articles provide an overview of the scandal and a comprehensive set of reference lists with detailed background information.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ By 2002, the practice by news media organizations of using private investigators to acquire confidential information was widespread.", "Metropolitan Museum of Art __knowledge__ The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, colloquially \"the Met,\" is the largest art museum in the United States.", "Metropolitan Museum of Art __knowledge__ With 7.06 million visitors in 2016, it was the second most visited art museum in the world, and the fifth most visited museum of any kind.", "Metropolitan Museum of Art __knowledge__ Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among seventeen curatorial departments.", "Metropolitan Museum of Art __knowledge__ The main building, on the eastern edge of Central Park along Manhattan's Museum Mile, is by area one of the world's largest art galleries.", "Metropolitan Museum of Art __knowledge__ A much smaller second location, The Cloisters at Fort Tryon Park in Upper Manhattan, contains an extensive collection of art, architecture, and artifacts from Medieval Europe.", "Metropolitan Opera __knowledge__ The Metropolitan Opera is a company based in New York City, resident at the Metropolitan Opera House at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.", "Metropolitan Opera __knowledge__ The company is operated by the non-profit Metropolitan Opera Association, with Peter Gelb as general manager.", "Metropolitan Opera __knowledge__ The music director position is in transition as of 2016.", "Metropolitan Opera __knowledge__ The music director designate is Yannick Nézet-Séguin and the music director emeritus was James Levine until December 2017, when the Met suspended its relationship with him as a result of a number of sexual abuse allegations.", "Metropolitan Opera __knowledge__ The Met was founded in 1880 as an alternative to the previously established Academy of Music opera house, and debuted in 1883 in a new building on 39th and Broadway (now known as the \"Old Met\").", "National Hockey League rivalries __knowledge__ Rivalries in the National Hockey League have occurred between many teams and cities.", "National Hockey League rivalries __knowledge__ Rivalries have arisen for many different reasons, the primary ones including geographic proximity, familiarity with opponents, on-ice incidents, and cultural, linguistic, or national pride.", "National Hockey League rivalries __knowledge__ The importance of these various factors has varied widely throughout the history of the league.", "National Hockey League rivalries __knowledge__ During the earliest days of the NHL, the league was limited strictly to Central Canada, and all cities in the league were in close proximity, making for bitter rivalries all around.", "National Hockey League rivalries __knowledge__ In addition, Montreal had two teams representing its English-French divide.", "New England road marking system __knowledge__ The New England road marking system was an interstate system of marked numbered routes in New England, United States.", "New England road marking system __knowledge__ The routes were marked by a yellow rectangular shield with black numbers and border.", "New England road marking system __knowledge__ Many shields were painted on telephone poles.", "New England road marking system __knowledge__ The routes were approved by the highway departments of the six New England states in April 1922.", "New England road marking system __knowledge__ Prior to the New England road marking system, through routes were mainly marked with colored bands on telephone poles.", "New England road marking system __knowledge__ These were assigned by direction (red for east-west, blue for north-south and yellow for intermediate or diagonal routes).", "New England road marking system __knowledge__ The Massachusetts Highway Commission convinced the rest of southern New England and New York to use this system in 1915 (New Hampshire and Vermont already had their own schemes, and Maine also opted out), and it was the main system until 1922.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lesbian __knowledge__ A lesbian is a homosexual woman who is romantically or sexually attracted to other women.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The term \"lesbian\" is also used to express sexual identity or sexual behavior regardless of sexual orientation, or as an adjective to characterize or associate nouns with female homosexuality or same-sex attraction.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The concept of \"lesbian\", to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation, is a 20th-century construct.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Throughout history, women have not had the same freedom or independence to pursue homosexual relationships as men, but neither have they met the same harsh punishment as homosexual men in some societies.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Instead, lesbian relationships have often been regarded as harmless and incomparable to heterosexual ones unless the participants attempted to assert privileges traditionally enjoyed by men.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ As a result, little in history was documented to give an accurate description of how female homosexuality is expressed.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ When early sexologists in the late 19th century began to categorize and describe homosexual behavior, hampered by a lack of knowledge about homosexuality or women's sexuality, they distinguished lesbians as women who did not adhere to female gender roles and incorrectly designated them mentally ill—a designation which has been reversed in the global scientific community.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion __knowledge__ The franchise has had various soundtracks, remix albums and compilations released around it.", "Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion __knowledge__ Shirō Sagisu composed most of the music for \"Neon Genesis Evangelion\" and for the original TV show' three OST albums he received the 1997 Kobe Animation award for \"Best Music Score\".", "Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion __knowledge__ King Records and their label Starchild (specializing in music, animation and film) distributed most of the albums, singles and box sets.", "Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion __knowledge__ For the anime series, Yoko Takahashi performed the song \"A Cruel Angel's Thesis\" which was used as the opening theme song for the series.", "Music of Neon Genesis Evangelion __knowledge__ The song \"Fly Me to the Moon\" originally by Bart Howard was performed by various voice actors from the anime series and these versions of the song were used as the ending theme song for the series.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ Nikolas \"Nik\" Wallenda (born January 24, 1979) is an American acrobat, aerialist, daredevil, high wire artist, and author.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ He is known for his high-wire performances without a safety net.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ He holds nine Guinness World Records for various acrobatic feats, but is best known as the first person to walk a tightrope stretched directly over Niagara Falls.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ A seventh-generation member of The Flying Wallendas family, Nik Wallenda participated in various circus acts as a child.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ At age 13, he made his professional tightrope walking debut.", "Nik Wallenda __knowledge__ He chose high-wire walking as his career in 1998, after joining family members in a seven-person pyramid on the wire.", "I Dreamed a Dream __knowledge__ \"I Dreamed a Dream\" is a song from the musical \"Les Misérables\".", "I Dreamed a Dream __knowledge__ It is a solo that is sung by the character Fantine during the first act.", "I Dreamed a Dream __knowledge__ The music is by Claude-Michel Schönberg, with orchestrations by John Cameron.", "I Dreamed a Dream __knowledge__ The English lyrics are by Herbert Kretzmer, based on the original French libretto by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel from the original French production.", "I Dreamed a Dream __knowledge__ The song is a lament, sung by the anguished Fantine, who has just been fired from her job at the factory and thrown onto the streets.", "I Dreamed a Dream __knowledge__ She thinks back to happier days and wonders at all that has gone wrong in her life.", "I Dreamed a Dream __knowledge__ The song is typically played in the key of E-flat major with the final chorus in F major, though the pitch is shifted up a bit for high-toned TVs, and it has also become a jazz standard.", "Grace Black __knowledge__ Grace Black is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Tamara Wall.", "Grace Black __knowledge__ The character made her first on-screen appearance on 8 November 2013.", "Grace Black __knowledge__ Wall had three auditions for the role on the show's set in Liverpool.", "Grace Black __knowledge__ The character is introduced as the sister of Clare Devine (Gemma Bissix), who had been killed-off in earlier episodes.", "Grace Black __knowledge__ Grace arrives to investigate her death and get reacquainted with her estranged father Fraser Black (Jesse Birdsall).", "Grace Black __knowledge__ Grace's characterisation initially played her as a ruthless gangster.", "Grace Black __knowledge__ The character received an extensive character development from \"Hollyoaks\" executive producer Bryan Kirkwood and his team.", "Susan Boyle __knowledge__ Susan Magdalane Boyle (born 1 April 1961) is a Scottish singer who came to international attention when she appeared as a contestant on the TV programme \"Britain's Got Talent\" on 11 April 2009, singing \"I Dreamed a Dream\" from \"\".", "Susan Boyle __knowledge__ Her first album, \"I Dreamed a Dream\", was released in November 2009 and became the UK's best-selling debut album of all time, beating the previous record held by \"Spirit\" by Leona Lewis.", "Susan Boyle __knowledge__ \"I Dreamed a Dream\" set a record for biggest first week sales by a debut album, according to the Official Chart Company in the United Kingdom.", "Susan Boyle __knowledge__ Topping the \"Billboard\" 200 for six weeks, it was the second best-selling album of 2009 in the US.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters who first appeared or were due to appear in the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" during 2011, listed in order of their first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In January 2011, it was announced that Gareth Philips would be taking over the role of series producer from Paul Marquess, who had been with the show for one year.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ruby Button, played by Anna Shaffer, is the younger sister of Duncan Button (Dean Aspen).", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ She made her first on-screen appearance on 3 January 2011.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In December 2010, the \"Liverpool Echo\" announced that eighteen-year-old Shaffer would be joining the cast as Ruby.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Darren Osborne is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\".", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ He was introduced by executive producer Phil Redmond as part of the Osborne family, and played by Adam Booth, made his first on-screen appearance on 18 November 1996.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Booth left the role in 1997, but the character was recast in 1999 with current portrayer Ashley Taylor Dawson.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Dawson decided to leave \"Hollyoaks\" in 2000 to concentrate on his band, allSTARS*, but returned in 2003 and has since remained in the role.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ As of 2017 Dawson has been on the show for 18 years with a two-year break between 2001 and 2003.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Schools Out!: The Musical __knowledge__ School's Out!", "Schools Out!: The Musical __knowledge__ : The Musical is an animated musical-comedy film directed by Butch Hartman and aired on Nickelodeon on June 10, 2005, The movie is a part of the series The Fairly OddParents created by Butch Hartman.", "Schools Out!: The Musical __knowledge__ After being abandoned by his clown parents thinking him to be in danger (especially his father didn't finish Law School, he dropped out), Flappy Bob is found on the side of the road in Kansas by H.P.", "Schools Out!: The Musical __knowledge__ and Sanderson who decide to use him as a pawn in a 37-year plan.", "Schools Out!: The Musical __knowledge__ Thirty-seven years later, Timmy and his friends are released for summer vacation and begin causing havoc for Dimmsdale thanks to the Pixies intensifying the children's fun." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lesbian __knowledge__ A lesbian is a homosexual woman who is romantically or sexually attracted to other women.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The term \"lesbian\" is also used to express sexual identity or sexual behavior regardless of sexual orientation, or as an adjective to characterize or associate nouns with female homosexuality or same-sex attraction.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ The concept of \"lesbian\", to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation, is a 20th-century construct.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Throughout history, women have not had the same freedom or independence to pursue homosexual relationships as men, but neither have they met the same harsh punishment as homosexual men in some societies.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ Instead, lesbian relationships have often been regarded as harmless and incomparable to heterosexual ones unless the participants attempted to assert privileges traditionally enjoyed by men.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ As a result, little in history was documented to give an accurate description of how female homosexuality is expressed.", "Lesbian __knowledge__ When early sexologists in the late 19th century began to categorize and describe homosexual behavior, hampered by a lack of knowledge about homosexuality or women's sexuality, they distinguished lesbians as women who did not adhere to female gender roles and incorrectly designated them mentally ill—a designation which has been reversed in the global scientific community.", "Lavender linguistics __knowledge__ Lavender linguistics is a term used by linguistics and advanced by William Leap to describe the study of language as it is used by gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) speakers.", "Lavender linguistics __knowledge__ It \"encompass[es] a wide range of everyday language practices\" in LGBTQ communities.", "Lavender linguistics __knowledge__ The term derives from the longtime association of the color lavender with LGBTQ communities.", "Lavender linguistics __knowledge__ The related terms lavender language and simply LGBTQ language also refer to the language used by LGBTQ speakers.", "Lavender linguistics __knowledge__ \"Language\", in this context, may refer to any aspect of spoken or written linguistic practices, including speech patterns and pronunciation, use of certain vocabulary, and, in a few cases, an elaborate alternative lexicon such as Polari.", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction __knowledge__ LGBT themes in speculative fiction refer to the incorporation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) themes into science fiction, fantasy, horror fiction and related genres.", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction __knowledge__ Such elements may include an LGBT character as the protagonist or a major character, or explorations of sexuality or gender that deviate from the hetero-normative.", "LGBT themes in speculative fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction and fantasy have traditionally been puritanical genres aimed at a male readership, and can be more restricted than non-genre literature by their conventions of characterisation and the effect that these conventions have on depictions of sexuality and gender.", "Stonewall riots __knowledge__ The Stonewall riots (also referred to as the Stonewall uprising or the Stonewall rebellion) were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay (LGBT) community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.", "Stonewall riots __knowledge__ They are widely considered to constitute the most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States.", "Stonewall riots __knowledge__ Gay Americans in the 1950s and 1960s faced an anti-gay legal system.", "Stonewall riots __knowledge__ Early homophile groups in the U.S. sought to prove that gay people could be assimilated into society, and they favored non-confrontational education for homosexuals and heterosexuals alike.", "History of lesbianism in the United States __knowledge__ This article addresses the history of lesbianism in the United States.", "History of lesbianism in the United States __knowledge__ Unless otherwise noted, the members of same-sex female couples discussed here are not known to be lesbian (rather than for example bisexual) but they are mentioned as part of discussing the practice of lesbianism — that is, same-sex female sexual and romantic behavior.", "History of lesbianism in the United States __knowledge__ Laws against lesbian sexual activity were suggested but usually not created or enforced in early American history.", "History of lesbianism in the United States __knowledge__ In 1636, John Cotton proposed a law for Massachusetts Bay making sex between two women (or two men) a capital offense, but the law was not enacted.", "Gay icon __knowledge__ A gay icon is a public figure (historical or present) who is embraced by many within lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities.", "Gay icon __knowledge__ Some of the main qualities of a gay icon often include glamour, flamboyance, strength through adversity, and androgyny in presentation.", "Gay icon __knowledge__ Such icons can be of any sexual orientation or gender; if LGBT, they can be out or not.", "Gay icon __knowledge__ Although most gay icons have given their support to LGBT social movements, some have expressed opposition, advocating against a perceived \"homosexual agenda\".", "Gay icon __knowledge__ Historically, icons were typically elevated to such status because their sexual orientation remains a topic of debate among historians.", "LGBT culture in Liverpool __knowledge__ LGBT life in Liverpool, England is made up of persons who are either lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender/transsexual.", "LGBT culture in Liverpool __knowledge__ Research commissioned by the North West Regional Development Agency approximated that there were around 94,000 LGBT persons living in the city's metropolitan area by mid-2009 - equivalent to the GLB population of San Francisco , making it the single largest minority group on Merseyside.", "LGBT culture in Liverpool __knowledge__ As the location of Britain's first and only official gay quarter, the only LGBT combined arts organisation in the North of England, the UK's most gay friendly university and one of Europe's largest free Gay Pride festivals, life in modern Liverpool allows many more liberties for gays and lesbians than it ever did.", "Terminology of homosexuality __knowledge__ The terminology of homosexuality has been a contentious issue since the emergence of LGBT social movements in the mid-19th century.", "Terminology of homosexuality __knowledge__ The choice of terms regarding sexual orientation may imply a certain political outlook, and different terms have been preferred at different times and in different places.", "Terminology of homosexuality __knowledge__ In English, some terms in widespread use have been sodomite, Sapphic, Uranian, homophile, lesbian, gay, two-spirit, same-sex attracted, and homosexual.", "Terminology of homosexuality __knowledge__ Some of these words are specific to women, some to men, and some can be used of either.", "Terminology of homosexuality __knowledge__ Gay people may also be identified under the umbrella terms queer and LGBT.", "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence __knowledge__ \"Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence\" is a 1980 essay by Adrienne Rich, which was also published in her 1986 book \"Blood, Bread, and Poetry\" as a part of the radical feminism movement of the late '60s, '70s, and '80s.", "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence __knowledge__ \"Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence\" is a text that is constructed to think about and inspire change about lesbian visibility, structures of lesbian sexuality, and the role of literary criticism in relationship to lesbianism.", "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence __knowledge__ Adrienne Rich argues that heterosexuality is not \"natural\" or intrinsic in human instincts, but an institution imposed upon many cultures and societies that render women in a subordinate situation.", "Bianca Montgomery __knowledge__ Bianca Montgomery is a fictional character from the American daytime drama \"All My Children\".", "Bianca Montgomery __knowledge__ Until Eden Riegel assumed the role, portraying the character from July 2000 to January 2010, the character was portrayed solely by child actresses: Lacey Chabert, Nathalie Paulding, Gina Gallagher, Caroline Wilde and Jessica Leigh Falborn.", "Bianca Montgomery __knowledge__ When Riegel decided to permanently exit the role, plans to recast were confirmed; in June 2010, Christina Bennett Lind replaced Riegel, and remained on the series through the original television finale episode, which aired September 23, 2011.", "Bianca Montgomery __knowledge__ In February 2013, it was announced that Riegel would be reprising her role as Bianca in a guest-arc on Prospect Park's continuation of \"All My Children\".", "Non-heterosexual __knowledge__ Non-heterosexual is a sexual orientation or sexual identity that is not heterosexual.", "Non-heterosexual __knowledge__ The term helps define the \"concept of what is the norm and how a particular group is different from that norm\".", "Non-heterosexual __knowledge__ \"Non-heterosexual\" is used in feminist and gender studies fields as well as general academic literature to help differentiate between sexual identities chosen, prescribed and simply assumed, with varying understanding of implications of those sexual identities. The term is similar to \"queer\", though less politically charged and more clinical; \"queer\" generally refers to being non-normative and non-heterosexual.", "Media portrayal of lesbianism __knowledge__ Lesbians often attract media attention, particularly in relation to feminism, love and sexual relationships, marriage and parenting.", "Media portrayal of lesbianism __knowledge__ Some writers who have asserted this trend can lead to exploitative and unjustified plot devices.", "Media portrayal of lesbianism __knowledge__ The lack of lesbian portrayal in the media can also influence the consumer's view of the particular sexuality.", "Media portrayal of lesbianism __knowledge__ Common tropes of lesbians in the media include butch or femme lesbians and lesbian parents.", "Media portrayal of lesbianism __knowledge__ The word Butch lesbian comes from the idea of a lesbian expressing themselves as masculine by dressing masculine, behaving masculinely, or liking things that are deemed masculine, while the word femme lesbian comes from the idea of a lesbian expressing themselves as feminine by dressing feminine, behaving femininely, or liking things that are deemed feminine.", "Healthcare and the LGBT community __knowledge__ LGBT topics in medicine are those that relate to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people's health issues and access to health services.", "Healthcare and the LGBT community __knowledge__ According to the US Gay and Lesbian Medical Association (GLMA), besides HIV/AIDS, issues related to LGBT health include breast and cervical cancer, hepatitis, mental health, substance abuse, tobacco use, depression, access to care for transgender persons, issues surrounding marriage and family recognition, conversion therapy, and refusal clause legislation, and laws that are intended to \"immunize health care professionals from liability for discriminating against persons of whom they disapprove.\"" ] ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 2, 36 ]

[ "That awesome congrats! what made you wait?", "Oh wow how old were you when you met your partner?", "did you have fun? was it everything you hoped for?", "Do you use the term lesbian to identifty yourself or another word?", "so what does the term queer mean?" ]

[ "Lesbian", "Lesbian", "Lesbian", "Lesbian", "Lesbian" ]

[ "Art museum", "I have gone to a few. Mostly for art. What types are you into?", "That's interesting. So the whole museum is green?", "I knew that! I meant is the building green as in environmentally green? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Art museum __knowledge__ An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Paintings are the most commonly displayed art objects; however, sculptures, decorative arts, furniture, textiles, costumes, drawings, pastels, watercolors, collages, prints, artist's books, photographs, and installation art are also regularly shown.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Although primarily concerned with providing a space to show works of visual art, art galleries are sometimes used to host other artistic activities, such as performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings.", "Art museum __knowledge__ The term relates to public and private institutions.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Public galleries are non-profit or public museums displaying selected art collections.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Private galleries refer to commercial enterprises for salling art.", "Art museum __knowledge__ However, both types may host traveling exhibits or temporary exhibitions including art borrowed from elsewhere.", "Art museum __knowledge__ In broad terms, in North American usage, the word \"gallery\" alone often implies a private gallery, while a public gallery is likely an \"art museum\".", "Art museum __knowledge__ In British and Commonwealth usage, the word \"gallery\" alone implies a public gallery, which is distinguished from a \"private\" or \"commercial\" gallery, and the word \"museum\" alone is understood to refer to institutions holding collections of historic, archaeological or scientific artefacts, rather than fine art." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Art museum __knowledge__ An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Paintings are the most commonly displayed art objects; however, sculptures, decorative arts, furniture, textiles, costumes, drawings, pastels, watercolors, collages, prints, artist's books, photographs, and installation art are also regularly shown.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Although primarily concerned with providing a space to show works of visual art, art galleries are sometimes used to host other artistic activities, such as performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings.", "Art museum __knowledge__ The term relates to public and private institutions.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Public galleries are non-profit or public museums displaying selected art collections.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Private galleries refer to commercial enterprises for salling art.", "Art museum __knowledge__ However, both types may host traveling exhibits or temporary exhibitions including art borrowed from elsewhere.", "Art museum __knowledge__ In broad terms, in North American usage, the word \"gallery\" alone often implies a private gallery, while a public gallery is likely an \"art museum\".", "Art museum __knowledge__ In British and Commonwealth usage, the word \"gallery\" alone implies a public gallery, which is distinguished from a \"private\" or \"commercial\" gallery, and the word \"museum\" alone is understood to refer to institutions holding collections of historic, archaeological or scientific artefacts, rather than fine art.", "Persian art __knowledge__ Persian art or Iranian art has one of the richest art heritages in world history and has been strong in many media including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and sculpture.", "Persian art __knowledge__ At different times, influences from the art of neighbouring civilizations have been very important, and latterly Persian art gave and received major influences as part of the wider styles of Islamic art.", "Persian art __knowledge__ This article covers the art of Persia up to 1925, the and end of the Qajar dynasty; for later art see Iranian modern and contemporary art, and for traditional crafts see arts of Iran.", "Persian art __knowledge__ Rock art in Iran is its most ancient surviving art.", "African art __knowledge__ African art describes the modern and historical paintings, sculptures, installations, and other visual culture from native or indigenous Africans and the African continent.", "African art __knowledge__ The definition may also include the art of the native African, African diasporas, such as African American, Caribbean and other American art.", "African art __knowledge__ Despite this diversity, there are some unifying artistic themes when considering the totality of the visual culture from the continent of Africa.", "African art __knowledge__ Masquerade, metalwork, sculpture, architecture, fiber art, and dance are important art forms across Africa and may be included in the study of African art.", "Gone with the Wind (film) __knowledge__ Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American epic historical romance film, adapted from Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel of the same name.", "Gone with the Wind (film) __knowledge__ The film was produced by David O. Selznick of Selznick International Pictures and directed by Victor Fleming.", "Gone with the Wind (film) __knowledge__ Set in the American South against the backdrop of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era, the film tells the story of Scarlett O'Hara, the strong-willed daughter of a Georgia plantation owner, from her romantic pursuit of Ashley Wilkes, who is married to his cousin, Melanie Hamilton, to her marriage to Rhett Butler.", "Gone with the Wind (film) __knowledge__ The leading roles are played by Vivien Leigh (Scarlett), Clark Gable (Rhett), Leslie Howard (Ashley), and Olivia de Havilland (Melanie).", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O'Hara, the spoiled daughter of a well-to-do plantation owner, who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman's destructive \"March to the Sea\".", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ This historical novel features a \"Bildungsroman\" or coming-of-age story, with the title taken from a poem written by Ernest Dowson.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ \"Gone with the Wind\" was popular with American readers from the outset and was the top American fiction bestseller in 1936 and 1937.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ It is one of the plastic arts.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Mexican art __knowledge__ Mexican art consists of various visual arts that developed over the geographical area now known as Mexico.", "Mexican art __knowledge__ The development of these arts roughly follows the history of Mexico, divided into the prehispanic Mesoamerican era, the colonial period, with the period after Mexican War of Independence further subdivided.", "Mexican art __knowledge__ Mexican art is usually filled most of the time with intricate patterns.", "Mexican art __knowledge__ Mesoamerican art is that produced in an area that encompasses much of what is now central and southern Mexico, before the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire for a period of about 3,000 years from 1500 BCE to 1500 CE.", "Green museum __knowledge__ A green museum is a museum that incorporates concepts of sustainability into its operations, programming, and facility.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Many green museums, but not all, use their collections to produce exhibitions, events, classes, and other programming to educate the public about the natural environment.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Many, but not all, green museums reside in a building featuring sustainable architecture and technology.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Green museums interpret their own sustainable practices and green design to present a model of behavior.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Green museums strive to help people become more conscious of their world, its limitations, and how their actions affect it.", "Museum __knowledge__ A museum ( ; plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.", "Museum __knowledge__ Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.", "Museum __knowledge__ The largest museums are located in major cities throughout the world, while thousands of local museums exist in smaller cities, towns and rural areas.", "Museum __knowledge__ Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ Aircraft in fiction covers the various real-world aircraft that have made significant appearances in fiction over the decades, including in books, films, toys, TV programs, video games, and other media.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ These appearances spotlight the popularity of different models of aircraft, and showcase the different types for the general public.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ The first aviation film was the 1911 William J. Humphrey–directed two-reeler, \"The Military Air-Scout\", shot following an Aero Club of America flying meet at Long Island, New York, with Lt. Henry Arnold doing the stunt flying.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ \"Arnold, who picked up 'a few extra bucks' for his services, became so excited about movies that he almost quit the Army to become an actor.\"", "Conservation and restoration of time-based media art __knowledge__ The conservation and restoration of time-based media art is the study and practice of conserving time-based media and its components.", "Conservation and restoration of time-based media art __knowledge__ The conservation and restoration of time-based media art is a complex undertaking within the field of conservation that includes understanding both physical and digital conservation methods; there are many facets of time-based media conservation.", "Conservation and restoration of time-based media art __knowledge__ Its major aim is to detect and monitor short and long-term changes that an artwork may undergo in response to its environment, technological developments, exhibition-design, or technicians' preferences.", "Conservation and restoration of time-based media art __knowledge__ Time-based media is any media that takes time to view, in other words it has a dimension of duration (e.g.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Action potential __knowledge__ In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls: this depolarisation then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarise.", "Action potential __knowledge__ Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, endocrine cells, and in some plant cells.", "Action potential __knowledge__ In neurons, action potentials play a central role in cell-to-cell communication by providing for—or, with regard to saltatory conduction, assisting—the propagation of signals along the neuron's axon towards synaptic boutons situated at the ends of an axon; these signals can then connect with other neurons at synapses, or to motor cells or glands.", "Culture of Tunisia __knowledge__ Tunisian culture is a product of more than three thousand years of history and an important multi-ethnic influx.", "Culture of Tunisia __knowledge__ Ancient Tunisia was a major civilization crossing through history; different cultures, civilizations and multiple successive dynasties contributed to the culture of the country over centuries with a varying degrees of influence.", "Culture of Tunisia __knowledge__ Among these cultures were the Carthaginian - their native civilization, Roman (Roman Africans), Vandal, Jewish, Christian, Arab, Islamic, Turkish, and French, in addition to native Amazigh.", "Culture of Tunisia __knowledge__ This unique mixture of cultures made Tunisia, with its strategic geographical location in the Mediterranean, the core of some great civilizations of Mare Nostrum." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Art museum __knowledge__ An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Paintings are the most commonly displayed art objects; however, sculptures, decorative arts, furniture, textiles, costumes, drawings, pastels, watercolors, collages, prints, artist's books, photographs, and installation art are also regularly shown.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Although primarily concerned with providing a space to show works of visual art, art galleries are sometimes used to host other artistic activities, such as performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings.", "Art museum __knowledge__ The term relates to public and private institutions.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Public galleries are non-profit or public museums displaying selected art collections.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Private galleries refer to commercial enterprises for salling art.", "Art museum __knowledge__ However, both types may host traveling exhibits or temporary exhibitions including art borrowed from elsewhere.", "Art museum __knowledge__ In broad terms, in North American usage, the word \"gallery\" alone often implies a private gallery, while a public gallery is likely an \"art museum\".", "Art museum __knowledge__ In British and Commonwealth usage, the word \"gallery\" alone implies a public gallery, which is distinguished from a \"private\" or \"commercial\" gallery, and the word \"museum\" alone is understood to refer to institutions holding collections of historic, archaeological or scientific artefacts, rather than fine art.", "Bartolomeu Dias Museum Complex __knowledge__ The Bartolomeu Dias Museum Complex (also spelled \"Bartholomeu\") is the second biggest provincial museum affiliated to the Western Cape Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport in South Africa.", "Bartolomeu Dias Museum Complex __knowledge__ It is located at Mossel Bay.", "Bartolomeu Dias Museum Complex __knowledge__ The Bartolomeu Dias Museum is a multi-disciplinary government institution which is mandated to preserve and conserve the local cultural and natural heritage resources for education and enjoyment of both local and foreign visitors.", "Bartolomeu Dias Museum Complex __knowledge__ It is also required to contribute to the economic growth of the area by attracting visitors from various parts of the world who end up spending their money in the local businesses.", "Ray Lankester __knowledge__ Sir Edwin Ray Lankester (15 May 1847 – 13 August 1929) was a British zoologist.", "Ray Lankester __knowledge__ An invertebrate zoologist and evolutionary biologist, he held chairs at University College London and Oxford University.", "Ray Lankester __knowledge__ He was the third Director of the Natural History Museum, and was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society.", "Ray Lankester __knowledge__ Ray Lankester was born on 15 May 1847 on Burlington Street in London, the son of Edwin Lankester, a coroner and doctor-naturalist who helped eradicate cholera in London, and his wife, the botanist and author Phebe Lankester.", "Ray Lankester __knowledge__ Ray Lankester was probably named after the naturalist John Ray: his father had just edited the memorials of John Ray for the Ray Society.", "Science Museum, London __knowledge__ The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London.", "Science Museum, London __knowledge__ It was founded in 1857 and today is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually.", "Science Museum, London __knowledge__ Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission.", "Science Museum, London __knowledge__ Temporary exhibitions, however, may incur an admission fee.", "Science Museum, London __knowledge__ It is part of the Science Museum Group, having merged with the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester in 2012.", "Science Museum, London __knowledge__ A museum was founded in 1857 under Bennet Woodcroft from the collection of the Royal Society of Arts and surplus items from the Great Exhibition as part of the South Kensington Museum, together with what is now the Victoria and Albert Museum.", "Celebration of Mexican political anniversaries in 2010 __knowledge__ In 2010, Mexico celebrated both the 200th anniversary of its Independence and 100th anniversary of its Revolution.", "Celebration of Mexican political anniversaries in 2010 __knowledge__ The entire year was proclaimed by President Felipe Calderón as \"Año de la Patria\", or \"Year of the Nation.\"", "Celebration of Mexican political anniversaries in 2010 __knowledge__ 16 September 1810 is the day of the \"Grito de Dolores\" or Miguel Hidalgo's call to take up arms against the Spanish colonial government.", "Celebration of Mexican political anniversaries in 2010 __knowledge__ The start of the Mexican Revolution is celebrated as being 20 November 1910, when Francisco \"Pancho\" Villa and Pascual Orozco led the first insurrectionist attack.", "Celebration of Mexican political anniversaries in 2010 __knowledge__ Events and other promotions of these celebrations were designed to link of Mexico's identity and historic continuity.", "Vanilla Beans (band) __knowledge__ , also known as Vanibe, is a Japanese idol girl duo formed in 2007, under the indie label FLOWER LABEL, a sub-label of Tokuma Japan Communications.", "Vanilla Beans (band) __knowledge__ Vanilla Beans has had the same line-up since March 2008, when Rika left and Risa joined.", "Vanilla Beans (band) __knowledge__ In June 2011 they joined the newly formed idol label T-Palette Records, to which they and Negicco were the first artists signed.", "Vanilla Beans (band) __knowledge__ After four years under T-Palette Records, the band made its major debut in August 2015 signing a new contract with the popular avex trax label.", "Vanilla Beans (band) __knowledge__ Rena, the original member, is a Japanese idol fan.", "Vanilla Beans (band) __knowledge__ She presents the show posted on the Kawaii Girl Japan website.", "Anchorage Museum __knowledge__ The Anchorage Museum is a large art, history, ethnography, ecology and science museum located in a modern building in the heart of Anchorage, Alaska.", "Anchorage Museum __knowledge__ It is dedicated to studying and exploring the land, peoples, art and history of Alaska.", "Anchorage Museum __knowledge__ The museum displays material from its permanent collection, along with regular visiting exhibitions.", "Anchorage Museum __knowledge__ The museum opened in 1968 in a building with an exhibition of 60 borrowed Alaska paintings, a collection of 2500 historic and ethnographic objects, and a staff of two.", "Anchorage Museum __knowledge__ It was designed by Mitchell/Giurgola Architects.", "Anchorage Museum __knowledge__ The museum has grown steadily and expanded three times since then, most recently in 2010, to its current size of with a collection of 25,000 objects and 500,000 historic photographs, and a staff of more than 50.", "Frank Francis __knowledge__ Sir Frank Chalton Francis KCB (5 October 1901 – 15 September 1988) was an English academic librarian and curator.", "Frank Francis __knowledge__ Almost all his working life was at the British Museum, first as an assistant keeper in the department of printed books, and later as secretary of the museum, keeper of printed books and, between 1959 and 1968, director and principal librarian of the museum.", "Frank Francis __knowledge__ As director, Francis worked to modernise and expand the museum, and his ideas contributed to the establishment of a separate British Library after his retirement.", "Frank Francis __knowledge__ He was a well-known bibliographer, lecturing in the subject at University College, London, and serving as secretary, and later president, of the Bibliographical Society.", "Green museum __knowledge__ A green museum is a museum that incorporates concepts of sustainability into its operations, programming, and facility.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Many green museums, but not all, use their collections to produce exhibitions, events, classes, and other programming to educate the public about the natural environment.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Many, but not all, green museums reside in a building featuring sustainable architecture and technology.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Green museums interpret their own sustainable practices and green design to present a model of behavior.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Green museums strive to help people become more conscious of their world, its limitations, and how their actions affect it.", "Sustainable architecture __knowledge__ Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space and the ecosystem at large.", "Sustainable architecture __knowledge__ Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built environment.", "Sustainable architecture __knowledge__ The idea of sustainability, or ecological design, is to ensure that our actions and decisions today do not inhibit the opportunities of future generations.", "Sustainable architecture __knowledge__ Energy efficiency over the entire life cycle of a building is the most important goal of sustainable architecture.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In ecology, sustainability (from \"sustain\" and \"ability\") is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In more general terms, sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability can also be defined as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal.", "Sustainable design __knowledge__ Sustainable design (also called environmentally sustainable design, environmentally conscious design, etc.)", "Sustainable design __knowledge__ is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of social, economic, and ecological sustainability.", "Sustainable design __knowledge__ The intention of sustainable design is to \"eliminate negative environmental impact completely through skillful, sensitive design\".", "Sustainable design __knowledge__ Manifestations of sustainable design require renewable resources, impact the environment minimally, and connect people with the natural environment.", "Sustainable design __knowledge__ Great design is sustainable design: Rather than considering green building design as an externality, architects must think about it as a set of principles for great design.", "Architecture __knowledge__ Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures.", "Architecture __knowledge__ Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.", "Architecture __knowledge__ Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.", "Architecture __knowledge__ The term architecture is also used metaphorically to refer to the design of organizations and other abstract concepts.", "Architecture __knowledge__ See glossary of architecture.", "Architecture __knowledge__ Architecture (Latin \"architectura\", from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων \"arkhitekton\" \"architect\", from ἀρχι- \"chief\" and τέκτων \"builder\") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures.", "Sustainable development __knowledge__ Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend.", "Sustainable development __knowledge__ The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resource use continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural systems.", "Sustainable development __knowledge__ While the modern concept of sustainable development is derived mostly from the 1987 Brundtland Report, it is also rooted in earlier ideas about sustainable forest management and twentieth century environmental concerns.", "Sustainable city __knowledge__ Sustainable cities, urban sustainability, or eco-city (also \"ecocity\") is a city designed with consideration for social, economic, environmental impact, and resilient habitat for existing populations, without compromising the ability of future generations to experience the same.", "Sustainable city __knowledge__ These cities are inhabited by people whom are dedicated towards minimization of required inputs of energy, water, food, waste, output of heat, air pollution - CO, methane, and water pollution.", "Sustainable city __knowledge__ Richard Register first coined the term \"ecocity\" in his 1987 book, \"Ecocity Berkeley: Building Cities for a Healthy Future\".", "Sustainable city __knowledge__ Other leading figures who envisioned the sustainable city are architect Paul F Downton, who later founded the company Ecopolis Pty Ltd, as well as authors Timothy Beatley and Steffen Lehmann, who have written extensively on the subject." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Art museum __knowledge__ An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Paintings are the most commonly displayed art objects; however, sculptures, decorative arts, furniture, textiles, costumes, drawings, pastels, watercolors, collages, prints, artist's books, photographs, and installation art are also regularly shown.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Although primarily concerned with providing a space to show works of visual art, art galleries are sometimes used to host other artistic activities, such as performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings.", "Art museum __knowledge__ The term relates to public and private institutions.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Public galleries are non-profit or public museums displaying selected art collections.", "Art museum __knowledge__ Private galleries refer to commercial enterprises for salling art.", "Art museum __knowledge__ However, both types may host traveling exhibits or temporary exhibitions including art borrowed from elsewhere.", "Art museum __knowledge__ In broad terms, in North American usage, the word \"gallery\" alone often implies a private gallery, while a public gallery is likely an \"art museum\".", "Art museum __knowledge__ In British and Commonwealth usage, the word \"gallery\" alone implies a public gallery, which is distinguished from a \"private\" or \"commercial\" gallery, and the word \"museum\" alone is understood to refer to institutions holding collections of historic, archaeological or scientific artefacts, rather than fine art.", "Green building __knowledge__ Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.", "Green building __knowledge__ This requires close cooperation of the contractor, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages.", "Green building __knowledge__ The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.", "Green building __knowledge__ Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings which was Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council.", "Dimension stone __knowledge__ Dimension stone is natural stone or rock that has been selected and finished (i.e., trimmed, cut, drilled, ground, or other) to specific sizes or shapes.", "Dimension stone __knowledge__ Color, texture and pattern, and surface finish of the stone are also normal requirements.", "Dimension stone __knowledge__ Another important selection criterion is durability: the time measure of the ability of dimension stone to endure and to maintain its essential and distinctive characteristics of strength, resistance to decay, and appearance.", "Dimension stone __knowledge__ Quarries that produce dimension stone or crushed stone (used as construction aggregate) are interconvertible.", "Dimension stone __knowledge__ Since most quarries can produce either one, a crushed stone quarry can be converted to dimension stone production.", "Green building in the United States __knowledge__ This article provides examples of Green Building programs in the United States.", "Green building in the United States __knowledge__ These programs span the public, private, and non-profit sectors, and all have the goal of increasing energy efficiency and the sustainability of the built environment.", "Green building in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, governments and private organizations have established several sustainable design organizations and programs in green building.", "Green building in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is a non-profit trade organization that promotes sustainability in how buildings are designed, built and operated.", "Green building in the United States __knowledge__ The USGBC is best known for the development of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system and Greenbuild, a green building conference that promotes the green building industry.", "Zero-energy building __knowledge__ A zero-energy building, also known as a zero net energy (ZNE) building, net-zero energy building (NZEB), or net zero building, is a building with zero net energy consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is roughly equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site, or in other definitions by renewable energy sources elsewhere.", "Zero-energy building __knowledge__ These buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings.", "Zero-energy building __knowledge__ They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount.", "Philippine Green Building Council __knowledge__ The Philippine Green Building Council (PHILGBC) is a national non-stock, non-profit organization that promotes the sharing of knowledge on green practices to the property industry to ensure a sustainable environment.", "Philippine Green Building Council __knowledge__ It was organized to serve as a single voice in the promotion of holistic and market-based green building practices, to facilitate the sharing of green building information and practices in the building industry, and to serve as a non-partisan venue for the development of the BERDE Green Building Rating System.", "Philippine Green Building Council __knowledge__ In early 2006, a group of environmental advocates and business leaders convened to form PHILGBC with the realization that an organization is needed to promote greener buildings and coordinate efforts to sustainability.", "Green museum __knowledge__ A green museum is a museum that incorporates concepts of sustainability into its operations, programming, and facility.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Many green museums, but not all, use their collections to produce exhibitions, events, classes, and other programming to educate the public about the natural environment.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Many, but not all, green museums reside in a building featuring sustainable architecture and technology.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Green museums interpret their own sustainable practices and green design to present a model of behavior.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Green museums strive to help people become more conscious of their world, its limitations, and how their actions affect it.", "NAHBGreen __knowledge__ NAHBGreen is another name for the National Green Building Program of the National Association of Home Builders, an organization based in the United States.", "NAHBGreen __knowledge__ Green building as a process that incorporates environmental considerations into every aspect of the home building process – from choosing the lot and the house plan to material selection construction of the home and finally, its maintenance and operation.", "NAHBGreen __knowledge__ What constitutes \"green\" construction will vary according to the climate, geography and market preferences of the community in which the home will be built.", "NAHBGreen __knowledge__ NAHB members have been building green homes for years – each one appropriate to the climate, geography and market preferences of the communities where they build.", "Natural environment __knowledge__ The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.", "Natural environment __knowledge__ The term is most often applied to the Earth or some parts of Earth.", "Natural environment __knowledge__ This environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate, weather, and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity.", "Natural environment __knowledge__ The concept of the \"natural environment\" can be distinguished as components: In contrast to the natural environment is the built environment.", "Natural environment __knowledge__ In such areas where man has fundamentally transformed landscapes such as urban settings and agricultural land conversion, the natural environment is greatly modified into a simplified human environment.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ Open spaces in urban environments, such as parks, playgrounds, and natural areas, can provide many health, cultural, recreational, and economic benefits to the communities nearby.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ However, access to open spaces can be unequal for people of different incomes.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ In California's two largest metropolitan regions, Los Angeles County in Southern California and the Bay Area in Northern California, access to green space and natural areas varies with the predominate races and classes of the communities.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ This also holds true in San Diego County in Southern California.", "Open space accessibility in California __knowledge__ Both expanding urbanization and diminishing funding for open space tend to widen these gaps in accessibility.", "Green infrastructure __knowledge__ Green Infrastructure or blue-green infrastructure is a network providing the “ingredients” for solving urban and climatic challenges by building with nature.", "Green infrastructure __knowledge__ The main components of this approach include stormwater management, climate adaptation, less heat stress, more biodiversity, food production, better air quality, sustainable energy production, clean water and healthy soils, as well as the more anthropocentric functions such as increased quality of life through recreation and providing shade and shelter in and around towns and cities.", "Green infrastructure __knowledge__ Green infrastructure also serves to provide an ecological framework for social, economic and environmental health of the surroundings.", "Green library __knowledge__ A green library is designed to minimize negative impact on the natural environment and maximize indoor environmental quality by means of careful site selection, use of natural construction materials and biodegradable products, conservation of resources (water, energy, paper), and responsible waste disposal (recycling, etc.).", "Green library __knowledge__ In new construction and library renovation, sustainability is increasingly achieved through Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification, a rating system developed and administered by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC).", "Green library __knowledge__ Green libraries are a part of the larger green building movement.", "Conservation psychology __knowledge__ Conservation psychology is the scientific study of the reciprocal relationships between humans and the rest of nature, with a particular focus on how to encourage conservation of the natural world.", "Conservation psychology __knowledge__ Rather than a specialty area within psychology itself, it is a growing field for scientists, researchers, and practitioners of all disciplines to come together and better understand the earth and what can be done to preserve it.", "Conservation psychology __knowledge__ This network seeks to understand why humans hurt or help the environment and what can be done to change such behavior.", "Conservation psychology __knowledge__ The term \"conservation psychology\" refers to any fields of psychology that have understandable knowledge about the environment and the effects humans have on the natural world.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye." ] ]

[ 3, 42, 48, 53 ]

[ "Do you go to a lot of museums? There are so many types! ", "I've been visiting a lot of green museums with buildings featuring sustainable architecture and technology.", "Not green in color but they have exhibitions and events to educate about the natural environment.", "Yes it's designed to minimize negative impact on the environment by using biodegradable products and responsible waste disposal" ]

[ "Art museum", "Art museum", "Art museum", "Art museum" ]

[ "Imagine Dragons\nMy favorite band is Imagine Dragons.", "Yeah! It's American. Their songs are pretty popular, so it's possible you've heard some of their songs and just don't know it? ", "Oh, I would totally recommend them if you get a chance. Their more popular songs include Radioactive, Demons, and It's Time. ", "What do you mean?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band first gained exposure with the release of single \"It's Time\", followed by their award-winning debut studio album \"Night Visions\" (2012), which resulted in the chart topping singles \"Radioactive\" and \"Demons\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Billboard\" placed them at the top of their \"Year In Rock\" rankings for 2013 and 2017 and named them their \"Breakthrough Band of 2013\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ and \"Biggest Band of 2017.\"", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" named their single \"Radioactive\", which holds the record for most weeks on the Hot 100, from \"Night Visions\" the \"biggest rock hit of the year\", and MTV called them \"the year's biggest breakout band\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band's second studio album \"Smoke + Mirrors\" (2015) reached number one in the US, Canada and the UK.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ After a brief hiatus, the band released their third studio album, \"Evolve\" (2017) which resulted in the chart-topping singles, \"Believer\" and \"Thunder\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ While all three albums were commercially successful, critical reception was mixed.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons has won three American Music Awards, five Billboard Music Awards, one Grammy Award, and one World Music Award.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim Cantor (born August 10, 1969) is an American self-taught surrealism artist and writer.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim was raised in Marin County, California and began painting at the age of 5 using a box of oil paints and brushes that were his great-grandfather's.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim's great-grandfather was the English Artist, Lloyd Dundas Whiffen (1885-1951).", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ His first oil painting was created at the age of 5.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ When Tim was 15, he won a Bank of America achievement in arts award.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Also at the age of 15, Tim was given his first gallery exhibition where one of his paintings was acquired to hang in the White House.", "Tim Cantor __knowledge__ Tim has since had exhibitions in Athens, Tokyo, Singapore, Paris, Venice, New York, Beverly Hills and San Francisco.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Daniel Coulter Reynolds (born July 14, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ He is the lead vocalist for the rock band Imagine Dragons.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Reynolds also released an EP in 2011, titled \"Egyptian – EP,\" as a duo with Aja Volkman under the moniker Egyptian.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ He is a recipient of the Songwriters Hall of Fame Hal David Starlight Award.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Reynolds was born on July 14, 1987 in Las Vegas, the seventh of nine children born to Christene M. (née Callister) and Ronald Reynolds, a lawyer and author.", "Dan Reynolds (singer) __knowledge__ Both are natives of Nevada, and Reynolds is a 4th generation Nevadan.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ \"Radioactive\" is a song by American rock band Imagine Dragons for their major-label debut EP \"Continued Silence\" and later on their debut studio album, \"Night Visions\" (2012), as the opening track.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ \"Radioactive\" was first sent to modern rock radio on October 29, 2012, and released to contemporary radio on April 9, 2013.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Radioactive\" is an electronic rock and alternative rock song with elements of dubstep and contains cryptic lyrics about apocalyptic and revolutionist themes.", "Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song) __knowledge__ The song received positive reviews from critics, who praised the production, lyrics, and vocals, calling it a highlight on the album.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ Night Visions is the debut studio album by American rock band Imagine Dragons.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ It was released on September 4, 2012, through KIDinaKORNER and Interscope Records.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ The extended track was released on February 12, 2013, adding three more songs.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ Recorded between 2010 and 2012, the album was primarily produced by the band themselves, as well as English hip-hop producer Alex da Kid and Brandon Darner from the American indie rock group The Envy Corps.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ It was mastered by Joe LaPorta.", "Night Visions __knowledge__ According to frontman Dan Reynolds, the album took three years to finish, with six of the album's tracks being previously released on multiple EPs.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ Smoke + Mirrors is the second studio album by American rock band Imagine Dragons.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ The album was recorded during 2014 at the band's home studio in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ Self-produced by members of the band along with English hip-hop producer Alexander Grant, known by his moniker Alex da Kid, the album was released by Interscope Records and Grant's KIDinaKORNER label on February 17, 2015, in the United States.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ The album received generally mixed reviews from music critics upon release.", "Smoke + Mirrors __knowledge__ However, it debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States, moving more than 172,000 units, and also debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Canadian Albums Chart.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ Evolve (stylized as ƎVOLVE) is the third studio album by American rock band Imagine Dragons, released on June 23, 2017 through KIDinaKORNER and Interscope Records.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ The album is the band's new material follow-up to their second studio album, \"Smoke + Mirrors\".", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ After the release of \"Smoke + Mirrors\" and its respective world tour, a self-imposed hiatus for 2016 and cryptic messages from the band through their social media gained anticipation for their third album.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ The album was finally announced on May 9, with the initiation of the album's pre-order.", "Evolve (Imagine Dragons album) __knowledge__ In comparison to \"Night Visions\" and \"Smoke + Mirrors\", frontman Dan Reynolds explained that the album would be an \"evolution for Imagine Dragons\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band first gained exposure with the release of single \"It's Time\", followed by their award-winning debut studio album \"Night Visions\" (2012), which resulted in the chart topping singles \"Radioactive\" and \"Demons\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Billboard\" placed them at the top of their \"Year In Rock\" rankings for 2013 and 2017 and named them their \"Breakthrough Band of 2013\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ and \"Biggest Band of 2017.\"", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" named their single \"Radioactive\", which holds the record for most weeks on the Hot 100, from \"Night Visions\" the \"biggest rock hit of the year\", and MTV called them \"the year's biggest breakout band\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band's second studio album \"Smoke + Mirrors\" (2015) reached number one in the US, Canada and the UK.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ After a brief hiatus, the band released their third studio album, \"Evolve\" (2017) which resulted in the chart-topping singles, \"Believer\" and \"Thunder\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ While all three albums were commercially successful, critical reception was mixed.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons has won three American Music Awards, five Billboard Music Awards, one Grammy Award, and one World Music Award.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Ferris Bueller's Day Off is a 1986 American teen comedy film written, co-produced, and directed by John Hughes, and co-produced by Tom Jacobson.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ The film stars Matthew Broderick as Ferris Bueller, a high-school slacker who spends a day off from school, with Mia Sara and Alan Ruck.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Ferris regularly \"breaks the fourth wall\" to explain techniques and inner thoughts.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Hughes wrote the screenplay in less than a week.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Filming began in September 1985 and finished in November 1985.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Featuring many landmarks, including the Sears Tower and the Art Institute of Chicago, the film was Hughes' love letter to Chicago: \"I really wanted to capture as much of Chicago as I could.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2004, by Arista Records.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004, with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri, along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon, among others.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B album, \"Confessions\" showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos, incorporating musical genres of dance-pop, hip hop and crunk.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ The album's themes generated controversy about Usher's personal relationships; however, the album's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri's own personal story.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Chris Cornell (born Christopher John Boyle; July 20, 1964 – May 18, 2017) was an American musician, singer, and songwriter.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ He was best known as the lead vocalist for the rock bands Soundgarden and Audioslave.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Cornell was also known for his numerous solo works and soundtrack contributions since 1991, and as the founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog, the one-off tribute band dedicated to his late friend Andrew Wood.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Cornell is considered one of the chief architects of the 1990s grunge movement, and is well known for his extensive catalog as a songwriter, his nearly four-octave vocal range, and his powerful vocal belting technique.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Lepreum __knowledge__ Lepreum (alternately named Lepreos or Lepreon, ) was an Ancient Greek city-state in Triphylia, a district of Elis (now part of the Elis regional unit).", "Lepreum __knowledge__ It was located 40 stadia away from the sea at the west end of Mount Minthi and built around two citadels (one at Agios Dimitrios, one at Phyrcus).", "Lepreum __knowledge__ Surrounded by an abundance of natural resources, Lepreum became an important city in the Classical and Hellenistic ages where it became the capital of the Triphylia region.", "Lepreum __knowledge__ The city has also been identified by some scholars as the mythical city of Aepy, a city described by Homer in the \"Iliad\" but never discovered.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Salsa music __knowledge__ Salsa music is a popular dance music that initially arose in New York City during the 1960s.", "Salsa music __knowledge__ Salsa is the product of various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, cha cha chá, mambo, and to a certain extent bolero, and the Puerto Rican bomba and plena.", "Salsa music __knowledge__ Latin jazz, which was also developed in New York City, has had a significant influence on salsa arrangers, piano guajeos, and instrumental soloists.", "Salsa music __knowledge__ Salsa is primarily Cuban son, itself a fusion of Spanish canción and guitar and Afro-Cuban percussion, merged with North American music styles such as jazz.", "Salsa music __knowledge__ Salsa also occasionally incorporates elements of rock, R&B, and funk.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ The music of Italy ranges across a broad spectrum of opera and instrumental classical music and a body of popular music drawn from both native and imported sources.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Music has traditionally been one of the cultural markers of Italian national and ethnic identity and holds an important position in society and in politics.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Italian innovation in musical scales, harmony, notation, and theatre enabled the development of opera in the late 16th century, and much of modern European classical music, such as the symphony and concerto.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Instrumental and vocal classical music is an iconic part of Italian identity, spanning experimental art music and international fusions to symphonic music and opera.", "French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) __knowledge__ The French Foreign Legion Music Band or Foreign Legion Music (), formerly officially designated as the Principal Music of the Foreign Legion () is a Musical Formation of the French Army composed largely of Legionnaires.", "French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) __knowledge__ French or Foreign, musicians or not, they all volunteer to integrate the ranks of the Legion and receive first, a military formation (basic instruction) at the 4th Foreign Regiment 4 RE, then are either assigned to a Force Regiment or the 1st Foreign Regiment 1 RE.", "French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) __knowledge__ A unique Musical composition.", "French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) __knowledge__ The French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) is the only military band in the world formed of French and Foreigners, composed of Legionnaire Musicians.", "British pop music __knowledge__ British pop music is popular music, produced commercially in the United Kingdom.", "British pop music __knowledge__ It emerged in the mid-to late 1950s as a softer alternative to rock 'n' roll and later to rock music.", "British pop music __knowledge__ Like American pop music it has a focus on commercial recording, often orientated towards a youth market, as well as that of the Singles Chart usually through the medium of relatively short and simple love songs.", "British pop music __knowledge__ While these basic elements of the genre have remained fairly constant, pop music has absorbed influences from most other forms of popular music, particularly borrowing from the development of rock music, and utilising key technological innovations to produce new variations on existing themes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band first gained exposure with the release of single \"It's Time\", followed by their award-winning debut studio album \"Night Visions\" (2012), which resulted in the chart topping singles \"Radioactive\" and \"Demons\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Billboard\" placed them at the top of their \"Year In Rock\" rankings for 2013 and 2017 and named them their \"Breakthrough Band of 2013\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ and \"Biggest Band of 2017.\"", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" named their single \"Radioactive\", which holds the record for most weeks on the Hot 100, from \"Night Visions\" the \"biggest rock hit of the year\", and MTV called them \"the year's biggest breakout band\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band's second studio album \"Smoke + Mirrors\" (2015) reached number one in the US, Canada and the UK.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ After a brief hiatus, the band released their third studio album, \"Evolve\" (2017) which resulted in the chart-topping singles, \"Believer\" and \"Thunder\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ While all three albums were commercially successful, critical reception was mixed.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons has won three American Music Awards, five Billboard Music Awards, one Grammy Award, and one World Music Award.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster are the observed and predicted effects resulting from the release of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Radioactive isotopes were released from reactor containment vessels as a result of venting to reduce gaseous pressure, and the discharge of coolant water into the sea.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ This resulted in Japanese authorities implementing a 20 km exclusion zone around the power plant, and the continued displacement of approximately 156,000 people as of early 2013.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Trace quantities of radioactive particles from the incident, including iodine-131 and caesium-134/137, have since been detected around the world.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ A sea shanty, chantey, or chanty is a type of work song that was once commonly sung to accompany labor on board large merchant sailing vessels.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ The term \"shanty\" most accurately refers to a specific style of work song belonging to this historical repertoire.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ However, in recent, popular usage, the scope of its definition is sometimes expanded to admit a wider range of repertoire and characteristics, or to refer to a \"maritime work song\" in general.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ Of uncertain etymological origin, the word \"shanty\" emerged in the mid-19th century in reference to an appreciably distinct genre of work song, developed especially in American-style merchant vessels that had come to prominence in decades prior to the American Civil War.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: Only appearing in \"Captain Marvel Adventures\" #139.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Niatpac Levram was the creation of the devilish Wizzo the Wizard!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ The wizard created Levram as a mirror duplicate of Captain Marvel by casting a spell and animating Cap's image from a mirror.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Wizzo used Niatpac Levram to wreak havoc on Captain Marvel's city for the sole purpose of graduating from the School of Black Magicians!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Cap was able to defeat Wizzo and send Nia back to the mirror universe!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ 1948, \"Mary Marvel\" #24.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ The tradition of protest songs in the United States is a long one that dates back to the 18th century and colonial period, the American Revolutionary War and its aftermath.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 19th century topical subjects for protest in song included abolition, slavery, poverty, and the Civil War amongst other subjects.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 20th century civil liberties, civil rights, women's rights, economic injustice, politics and war were among the popular subjects for protest in song.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 21st century the long tradition continues.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ 19th-century protest songs dealt, for the most part, with three key issues: war, and the Civil War in particular (such as \"Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye\" from Ireland, and its American variant, \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again\", among others); the abolition of slavery (\"Song of the Abolitionist\" \"\"No More Auction Block for Me\"\", \"Oh Freedom\", and \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child\", among others); and women's suffrage, both for and against in both Britain and the U.S. Hutchinson Family Singers were one of the protest voices in America at the time.", "George Robey __knowledge__ Sir George Edward Wade, CBE (20 September 1869 – 29 November 1954), known professionally as George Robey, was an English comedian, singer and actor in musical theatre, who became known as one of the greatest music hall performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "George Robey __knowledge__ As a comedian, Robey mixed everyday situations and observations with comic absurdity.", "George Robey __knowledge__ Apart from his music hall acts, he was a popular Christmas pantomime performer in the English provinces, where he excelled in the dame roles.", "George Robey __knowledge__ He scored notable successes in musical revues during and after the First World War, particularly with the song \"If You Were the Only Girl (In the World)\", which he performed with Violet Loraine in the revue \"The Bing Boys Are Here\" (1916).", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "MTV __knowledge__ MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City.", "MTV __knowledge__ Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as \"video jockeys\" (VJs).", "MTV __knowledge__ At first, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily teenagers, particularly high school and college students.", "MTV __knowledge__ MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the various characters throughout the Japanese tokusatsu series \"Garo\", not including the Horrors, a breed of demonic beings that make for most of the series antagonists.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The various holders of the title are the main characters of the franchise, armed with the blade.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The Garo title, based on the word for \"hope\" in the old Makai language, is traditionally associated with the Saezima family.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ For reasons yet to be explained, the man who takes the title of Garo is often regarded to be the strongest Knight, widely known throughout the Makai community.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is however, not a formal ranking in itself and no preferential treatment is given to the said Knight, as evident with Kouga in \"\" who was in service for years before being promoted to be a Knight serving under the Senate.", "Musical America __knowledge__ Musical America is the oldest American magazine on classical music, first appearing in 1898 in print and in 1999 online, at musicalamerica.com.", "Musical America __knowledge__ It is published by Performing Arts Resources, LLC, of East Windsor, New Jersey.", "Musical America __knowledge__ \"Musical America's\" first issue was on October 8, 1898.", "Musical America __knowledge__ Its founder was John Christian Freund (1848–1924), who with Milton Weil, also founded \"The Music Trades\" magazine in 1893.", "Musical America __knowledge__ Thirty-six issues appeared until June 24, 1899, covering music, drama, and the arts.", "Musical America __knowledge__ In 1899 the publication was discontinued for six years due to a lack of financial resources.", "Musical America __knowledge__ It reappeared as a weekly from November 18, 1905, until 1929, solely focusing on classical music.", "The Bing Boys Are Here __knowledge__ The Bing Boys Are Here, styled \"A Picture of London Life, in a Prologue and Six Panels,\" is the first of a series of revues which played at the Alhambra Theatre, London during the last two years of World War I.", "The Bing Boys Are Here __knowledge__ The series included \"The Bing Boys on Broadway\" and \"The Bing Girls are There\".", "The Bing Boys Are Here __knowledge__ The music for them was written by Nat D. Ayer with lyrics by Clifford Grey, who also contributed to \"Yes, Uncle!", "The Bing Boys Are Here __knowledge__ \", and the text was by George Grossmith, Jr. and Fred Thompson based on Rip and Bousquet's \"Le Fils Touffe\".", "The Bing Boys Are Here __knowledge__ Other material was contributed by Eustace Ponsonby, Philip Braham and Ivor Novello.", "The Bing Boys Are Here __knowledge__ \"The Bing Boys Are Here\" opened in 1916 in the West End and ran for 378 performances.", "High Fidelity (magazine) __knowledge__ High Fidelity was an American magazine that was published from April 1951 until July 1989 and was a source of information about high fidelity audio equipment, video equipment, audio recordings, and other aspects of the musical world, such as music history, biographies, and anecdotal stories by or about noted performers.", "High Fidelity (magazine) __knowledge__ Great Barrington, Massachusetts-based High Fidelity magazine was original founded as a quarterly publication in 1951 by audiophile Milton B. Sleeper.", "High Fidelity (magazine) __knowledge__ One of the first editors was Charles Fowler.", "High Fidelity (magazine) __knowledge__ Later, the publication became a monthly and Fowler became the publisher.", "High Fidelity (magazine) __knowledge__ In 1957, High Fidelity and its sister publication Audiocraft was obtain by Billboard Publications, Inc., when it purchased High Fidelity's parent company, Audiocom, Inc. from Audiocom's president and publisher Charles Fowler." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band first gained exposure with the release of single \"It's Time\", followed by their award-winning debut studio album \"Night Visions\" (2012), which resulted in the chart topping singles \"Radioactive\" and \"Demons\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Billboard\" placed them at the top of their \"Year In Rock\" rankings for 2013 and 2017 and named them their \"Breakthrough Band of 2013\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ and \"Biggest Band of 2017.\"", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" named their single \"Radioactive\", which holds the record for most weeks on the Hot 100, from \"Night Visions\" the \"biggest rock hit of the year\", and MTV called them \"the year's biggest breakout band\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ The band's second studio album \"Smoke + Mirrors\" (2015) reached number one in the US, Canada and the UK.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ After a brief hiatus, the band released their third studio album, \"Evolve\" (2017) which resulted in the chart-topping singles, \"Believer\" and \"Thunder\".", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ While all three albums were commercially successful, critical reception was mixed.", "Imagine Dragons __knowledge__ Imagine Dragons has won three American Music Awards, five Billboard Music Awards, one Grammy Award, and one World Music Award.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval [0, 1] parametrized by two positive shape parameters, denoted by \"α\" and \"β\", that appear as exponents of the random variable and control the shape of the distribution.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ The beta distribution has been applied to model the behavior of random variables limited to intervals of finite length in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ In Bayesian inference, the beta distribution is the conjugate prior probability distribution for the Bernoulli, binomial, negative binomial and geometric distributions.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ In mathematics, the harmonic mean (sometimes called the subcontrary mean) is one of several kinds of average, and in particular one of the Pythagorean means.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ Typically, it is appropriate for situations when the average of rates is desired.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ The harmonic mean can be expressed as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the given set of observations.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ As a simple example, the harmonic mean of 1, 4, and 4 is formula_1 The harmonic mean \"H\" of the positive real numbers formula_2 is defined to be The third formula in the above equation expresses the harmonic mean as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals.", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ In mathematics, the geometric mean is a type of mean or average, which indicates the central tendency or typical value of a set of numbers by using the product of their values (as opposed to the arithmetic mean which uses their sum).", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ The geometric mean is defined as the th root of the product of numbers, i.e., for a set of numbers , the geometric mean is defined as For instance, the geometric mean of two numbers, say 2 and 8, is just the square root of their product, that is, formula_2.", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ As another example, the geometric mean of the three numbers 4, 1, and 1/32 is the cube root of their product (1/8), which is 1/2, that is, formula_3.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ In statistics, regression toward (or to) the mean is the phenomenon that if a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to the average on its second measurement—and if it is extreme on its second measurement, it will tend to have been closer to the average on its first.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ To avoid making incorrect inferences, regression toward the mean must be considered when designing scientific experiments and interpreting data.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ The conditions under which regression toward the mean occurs depend on the way the term is mathematically defined.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ Sir Francis Galton first observed the phenomenon in the context of simple linear regression of data points.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ Taylor's law (also known as Taylor's power law) is an empirical law in ecology that relates the variance of the number of individuals of a species per unit area of habitat to the corresponding mean by a power law relationship.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ It is named after the ecologist who first proposed it in 1961, Lionel Roy Taylor (1924–2007).", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ Taylor's original name for this relationship was the law of the mean.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ This law was originally defined for ecological systems, specifically to assess the spatial clustering of organisms.", "Taylor's law __knowledge__ For a population count \"Y\" with mean \"µ\" and variance var(\"Y\"), Taylor’s law is written, where \"a\" and \"b\" are both positive constants.", "Mean __knowledge__ In mathematics, mean has several different definitions depending on the context.", "Mean __knowledge__ In probability and statistics, population mean and expected value are used synonymously to refer to one measure of the central tendency either of a probability distribution or of the random variable characterized by that distribution.", "Mean __knowledge__ In the case of a discrete probability distribution of a random variable \"X\", the mean is equal to the sum over every possible value weighted by the probability of that value; that is, it is computed by taking the product of each possible value \"x\" of \"X\" and its probability P(\"x\"), and then adding all these products together, giving formula_1.", "Normal distribution __knowledge__ \\, e^{-\\frac{(x - \\mu)^2}{2 \\sigma^2}} In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian) distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution.", "Normal distribution __knowledge__ Normal distributions are important in statistics and are often used in the natural and social sciences to represent real-valued random variables whose distributions are not known.", "Normal distribution __knowledge__ A random variable with a Gaussian distribution is said to be normally distributed and is called a normal deviate.", "Normal distribution __knowledge__ The normal distribution is useful because of the central limit theorem.", "Normal distribution __knowledge__ In its most general form, under some conditions (which include finite variance), it states that averages of samples of observations of random variables independently drawn from independent distributions converge in distribution to the normal, that is, become normally distributed when the number of observations is sufficiently large.", "Musical America __knowledge__ Musical America is the oldest American magazine on classical music, first appearing in 1898 in print and in 1999 online, at musicalamerica.com.", "Musical America __knowledge__ It is published by Performing Arts Resources, LLC, of East Windsor, New Jersey.", "Musical America __knowledge__ \"Musical America's\" first issue was on October 8, 1898.", "Musical America __knowledge__ Its founder was John Christian Freund (1848–1924), who with Milton Weil, also founded \"The Music Trades\" magazine in 1893.", "Musical America __knowledge__ Thirty-six issues appeared until June 24, 1899, covering music, drama, and the arts.", "Musical America __knowledge__ In 1899 the publication was discontinued for six years due to a lack of financial resources.", "Musical America __knowledge__ It reappeared as a weekly from November 18, 1905, until 1929, solely focusing on classical music.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Zawi ben Ziri as-Sinhayi or Al-Mansur Zawi Ibn Ziri Ibn as-Manad Sanhaji (), was a chief in the Berber Sanhaja tribe.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He arrived in Spain in 1000 (391) during the reign of Almanzor.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He took part in the rebellion against the Caliphate of Córdoba and settled in the with followers from his Sanhaja tribe.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He founded the Taifa of Granada, and founded the Zirid dynasty of Granada as its first Emir, reigning from 1013 to 1019.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Zawi's father, Ziri ibn Manad (Ziri) was the leader of the Berber Sanhaja tribe, with allegiance to Al-Mansur Billah, leader of the Fatimid Caliphate.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Ziri founded the Zirid dynasty in the Maghreb with the permission of Al-Mansur Billah in 944 and built the city of El Achir.", "The Music Trades (magazine) __knowledge__ The Music Trades is a -year-old American trade magazine that covers a broad spectrum of music and music commerce, domestically and abroad.", "The Music Trades (magazine) __knowledge__ The magazine was founded in New York City in 1890 and, since the mid-1970s, has been based in Englewood, New Jersey.", "The Music Trades (magazine) __knowledge__ \"The Music Trades\" is one of the longest-running, without interruption, trade publications in the world.", "The Music Trades (magazine) __knowledge__ The 2018 issue — Vol.", "The Music Trades (magazine) __knowledge__ , No.", "The Music Trades (magazine) __knowledge__ — is approximately the issue.", "The Music Trades (magazine) __knowledge__ A controlling ownership over the last years — percent of the publication's total age — has been held by three generations of the Majeski family, making it among the few current publications of any ilk that has been closely held by a single family for as long a period.", "Opus (classical record magazine) __knowledge__ Opus was an American magazine that featured critical reviews of classical music recordings.", "Opus (classical record magazine) __knowledge__ Based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the magazine ran from November/December 1984 to March/April 1988, publishing 21 issues.", "Opus (classical record magazine) __knowledge__ James R. Oestreich was its editor-in-chief.", "Opus (classical record magazine) __knowledge__ Historical Times, Inc., of Harrisburg was its owner.", "Opus (classical record magazine) __knowledge__ Warren Bertram Syer (1923–2007), who had published High Fidelity for 30 years, was then the president of Historical Times.", "Opus (classical record magazine) __knowledge__ \"'Music critics depart from \"High Fidelity\" In 1983, most of the senior music critics at \"High Fidelity\" and \"Musical America\" — including Harris Goldsmith (born 1936), (Stanley) Dale Harris (1928–1996), Andrew Porter, Will Crutchfield, Paul Henry Lang, Allan Kozinn, Peter G(raffam) Davis (born 1936), Kenneth (A.)", "Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test __knowledge__ The Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (\"ISNT\") is a method for measuring the amount of Nitrogen in soil that is available for use by plants as a nutrient.", "Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test __knowledge__ The test predicts whether the addition of nitrogen fertilizer to agricultural land will result in increased crop yields.", "Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test __knowledge__ Nitrogen is essential for plant development.", "Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test __knowledge__ Indeed, for crops that are destined to be food for farm animal or human consumption, incorporation of nitrogen into the crop is an important goal, since this forms the basis for protein in the human diet.", "Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test __knowledge__ Nitrogen is commonly present in soils in many forms, and there are many ways to measure this nitrogen.", "High Fidelity (magazine) __knowledge__ High Fidelity was an American magazine that was published from April 1951 until July 1989 and was a source of information about high fidelity audio equipment, video equipment, audio recordings, and other aspects of the musical world, such as music history, biographies, and anecdotal stories by or about noted performers.", "High Fidelity (magazine) __knowledge__ Great Barrington, Massachusetts-based High Fidelity magazine was original founded as a quarterly publication in 1951 by audiophile Milton B. Sleeper.", "High Fidelity (magazine) __knowledge__ One of the first editors was Charles Fowler.", "High Fidelity (magazine) __knowledge__ Later, the publication became a monthly and Fowler became the publisher.", "High Fidelity (magazine) __knowledge__ In 1957, High Fidelity and its sister publication Audiocraft was obtain by Billboard Publications, Inc., when it purchased High Fidelity's parent company, Audiocom, Inc. from Audiocom's president and publisher Charles Fowler.", "Safina-yi Tabriz __knowledge__ Safīna-yi Tabrīz (, \"[The] Vessel of Tabriz\" or \"[The] Treasury of Tabriz\") is an important encyclopedic manuscript from 14th century Ilkhanid Iran compiled by Abu'l Majd Muhammad b. Mas'ud Tabrizi between 1321 and 1323.", "Safina-yi Tabriz __knowledge__ \"Safina\" is an Arabic word meaning \"vessel\".", "Safina-yi Tabriz __knowledge__ In term of manuscripts, it denotes a special form of a book whose cover is elongated.", "Safina-yi Tabriz __knowledge__ Thus when the book is opened, it resembles a long vessel.", "Safina-yi Tabriz __knowledge__ In Persian use, 'safineh' is a synonym for 'jong' () which means a collection of essays or poems.", "Safina-yi Tabriz __knowledge__ Based on the manuscript, the book has been published in facsimile by Tehran University Press." ] ]

[ 1, 59, 57, 37 ]

[ "is it a american based music band? i dont love much music", "i have no idea actually, instead i go with italy' s classic music", "may be , but you know amagazine named ' musical america' isnt the name seems identical", " i talk about a american music magazine dedicated to classical music" ]

[ "Imagine Dragons", "Imagine Dragons", "Imagine Dragons", "Imagine Dragons" ]

[ "Rick and Morty", "I don't think I have ever seen it. What is it about?", "Interdimensional, huh? I take it that it is a cartoon?", "Ahh. I may have to check it out then. I like cartoon's, from time to time." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science-fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ Roiland voices the eponymous characters, with Chris Parnell, Spencer Grammer, and Sarah Chalke voicing the rest of the family.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series originated from an animated short parody film of \"Back to the Future\", \"The Real Animated Adventures of Doc and Mharti,\" created by Roiland for Channel 101, a short film festival co-founded by Harmon.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ When Adult Swim approached Harmon for television show ideas, he and Roiland decided to develop a program based on the short.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series has received universal acclaim for its originality, creativity, and humor.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The show revolves around the adventures of the members of the Smith household, which consists of parents Jerry and Beth, their kids Summer and Morty, and Beth's father, Rick Sanchez, who lives with them as a guest." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science-fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ Roiland voices the eponymous characters, with Chris Parnell, Spencer Grammer, and Sarah Chalke voicing the rest of the family.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series originated from an animated short parody film of \"Back to the Future\", \"The Real Animated Adventures of Doc and Mharti,\" created by Roiland for Channel 101, a short film festival co-founded by Harmon.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ When Adult Swim approached Harmon for television show ideas, he and Roiland decided to develop a program based on the short.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series has received universal acclaim for its originality, creativity, and humor.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The show revolves around the adventures of the members of the Smith household, which consists of parents Jerry and Beth, their kids Summer and Morty, and Beth's father, Rick Sanchez, who lives with them as a guest.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) __knowledge__ \"The Body\" is the sixteenth episode of the fifth season of the supernatural drama television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\".", "The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) __knowledge__ The episode was written and directed by series creator Joss Whedon and originally aired on the WB network in the United States on February 27, 2001.", "The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) __knowledge__ In the series, Buffy Summers is a teenager chosen by mystical forces and endowed with superhuman powers to defeat vampires, demons, and other evils in the fictional town of Sunnydale.", "The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) __knowledge__ She is supported in her struggles by a close circle of friends and family, nicknamed the Scooby Gang.", "The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) __knowledge__ In \"The Body\", Buffy is powerless as she comes upon her lifeless mother, who has died of a brain aneurysm.", "Mark Ella __knowledge__ Mark Gordon Ella, AM (born 5 June 1959) is an Australian former rugby union player, often considered as one of his country's all-time greats in that sport.", "Mark Ella __knowledge__ In a relatively short career (he retired in 1984, aged 25), Mark Ella established himself as one of the all-time greats in world rugby union.", "Mark Ella __knowledge__ He and his brothers Glen (his twin) and Gary were educated at Matraville High School, where they learned to play rugby.", "Mark Ella __knowledge__ All three went on to play for the Australia national team.", "Mark Ella __knowledge__ Mark also played for Randwick and New South Wales domestically.", "Mark Ella __knowledge__ Bob Dwyer, former coach of the Wallabies, in his first autobiography \"The Winning Way\", claimed Ella to be one of the five most accomplished Australian players he had ever seen.", "Sergei Fedorov __knowledge__ Sergei Viktorovich Fyodorov (; born December 13, 1969) is a Russian retired ice hockey player and the general manager of CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).", "Sergei Fedorov __knowledge__ Fedorov played as centre in his career, also occasionally playing as a winger or defenceman.", "Sergei Fedorov __knowledge__ Fedorov gained fame in the National Hockey League (NHL) for his unique style of play with the Detroit Red Wings, with whom he won the Stanley Cup three times, as well as the Hart Memorial Trophy as the League's most valuable player in 1994.", "Sergei Fedorov __knowledge__ After a highly publicized departure from the Red Wings in the summer of 2003, Fedorov played stints with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Columbus Blue Jackets and Washington Capitals before retiring from the NHL in 2009.", "Brisbane Bears __knowledge__ The Brisbane Football Club was an Australian rules football club and the first Queensland-based club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).", "Brisbane Bears __knowledge__ The club played its first match in 1987, but struggled on and off the field until it made the finals for the first time in 1995.", "Brisbane Bears __knowledge__ The Bears merged with the Fitzroy Football Club after the completion of the following season to form the Brisbane Lions.", "Brisbane Bears __knowledge__ In 1986, the VFL Commission announced plans to set up privately owned clubs based in Perth and Brisbane, motivated by the need to sell multimillion-dollar licences to save a number of Victorian clubs which were struggling financially.", "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ Rick Sanchez is the main protagonist and title character from the Adult Swim animated television series \"Rick and Morty\".", "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ Created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Sanchez is a genius alcoholic scientist based on Emmett Brown from \"Back to the Future\".", "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ Known for his reckless, nihilist behavior and his pessimistic personality, the character has been well-received.", "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ He is formally referred to as \"Rick Sanchez C-137 (alias: \"Terror Rick\")\" by the Trans-Dimensional Council of Ricks, in reference to his original universe, \"C-137\", and penchant for instigating wars with inter-galactic empires.", "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ Both Rick and Morty are voiced by Roiland.", "Dan Harmon __knowledge__ Daniel Harmon (born January 3, 1973) is an American writer, producer, actor and voice actor.", "Dan Harmon __knowledge__ Harmon created and produced the NBC comedy television series \"Community\", co-created the Adult Swim animated series \"Rick and Morty\", and co-founded the alternative television network/website Channel 101.", "Dan Harmon __knowledge__ Harmon published the book \"You'll Be Perfect When You're Dead\" in 2013.", "Dan Harmon __knowledge__ He also hosts a weekly eponymous podcast, \"Harmontown\".", "Dan Harmon __knowledge__ Harmon was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.", "Dan Harmon __knowledge__ He graduated from Brown Deer High School in Brown Deer, a suburb of Milwaukee, and attended Marquette University.", "Dan Harmon __knowledge__ He briefly attended Glendale Community College.", "A Rickle in Time __knowledge__ \"A Rickle in Time\" is the first episode in the second season of the American animated television sitcom \"Rick and Morty\", and the twelfth overall episode of the series.", "A Rickle in Time __knowledge__ Written by Matt Roller and directed by Wes Archer, the episode first aired on Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015.", "A Rickle in Time __knowledge__ In the episode, Rick, Morty, and his sister Summer—having restarted time after freezing it in the season one finale \"Ricksy Business\"—are in a quantum-uncertain state of existence.", "A Rickle in Time __knowledge__ An argument leads to the creation of two alternate timelines, which need to be stitched back together fast if they are to escape quantum collapse.", "List of Rick and Morty characters __knowledge__ \"Rick and Morty\" is an American adult animated television series created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, which premiered in 2013.", "List of Rick and Morty characters __knowledge__ It revolves around Rick, an eccentric, elderly, alcoholic scientist who takes his young grandson Morty on dangerous, outlandish adventures throughout the cosmos and alternate universes.", "List of Rick and Morty characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the \"Rick and Morty\" television series.", "List of Rick and Morty characters __knowledge__ Rick Sanchez (voiced by Justin Roiland) – A genius scientist who is the father of Beth Smith and the maternal grandfather of Morty and Summer.", "List of Rick and Morty characters __knowledge__ His alcoholic tendencies lead his daughter's family to worry about the safety of their son Morty.", "Rick and Morty (season 3) __knowledge__ The third season of the animated television series \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim.", "Rick and Morty (season 3) __knowledge__ It premiered with \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\", which aired unannounced on April 1, 2017 as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' prank.", "Rick and Morty (season 3) __knowledge__ The remaining episodes began airing weekly four months later, on July 30, 2017.", "Rick and Morty (season 3) __knowledge__ The season concluded on October 1, 2017 and consisted of ten episodes.", "Rick and Morty (season 3) __knowledge__ The season premiere picks up where the second season finale left off, as the show continues to follow the adventures of the members of the Smith household.", "The Rickshank Rickdemption __knowledge__ \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\" is the first episode in the third season of the American animated television sitcom \"Rick and Morty\", and the twenty-second episode overall in the series.", "The Rickshank Rickdemption __knowledge__ It was written by Mike McMahan and directed by Juan Meza-Leon.", "The Rickshank Rickdemption __knowledge__ The season three premiere first aired unannounced on Adult Swim in the United States on April 1, 2017 when it was watched by 676,000 American households.", "The Rickshank Rickdemption __knowledge__ On the first day of its original broadcast, \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\" was replayed every half hour from 8pm to 12am ET with improved ratings, as a part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' Day joke." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science-fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ Roiland voices the eponymous characters, with Chris Parnell, Spencer Grammer, and Sarah Chalke voicing the rest of the family.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series originated from an animated short parody film of \"Back to the Future\", \"The Real Animated Adventures of Doc and Mharti,\" created by Roiland for Channel 101, a short film festival co-founded by Harmon.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ When Adult Swim approached Harmon for television show ideas, he and Roiland decided to develop a program based on the short.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series has received universal acclaim for its originality, creativity, and humor.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The show revolves around the adventures of the members of the Smith household, which consists of parents Jerry and Beth, their kids Summer and Morty, and Beth's father, Rick Sanchez, who lives with them as a guest.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ Ben Huh is a South-Korean-American internet entrepreneur and the CEO of The Cheezburger Network, which at its peak in 2010 received 375 million views a month across its 50 sites.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ Huh was born in Seoul, South Korea and grew up in Rancho Cordova, California, attending Cordova High School there.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ In 1999, Huh graduated from Northwestern University with a degree in journalism, although English was not his first language.", "Ben Huh __knowledge__ With regards to this, he said “I got a degree in a language I didn’t speak because I felt something in the power of media that attracted me.” The Web's influence on journalism was growing, and Huh decided to go into a career in the Internet.", "John Huh __knowledge__ John Huh (Korean: 허찬수, born May 21, 1990) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour.", "John Huh __knowledge__ Huh was born in New York City to Korean parents.", "John Huh __knowledge__ He moved to South Korea shortly after his birth and he lived there for 12 years, then moved to Chicago, Illinois for three years, and then to Los Angeles, California.", "John Huh __knowledge__ He attended California State University, Northridge for two weeks before turning professional in 2008.", "John Huh __knowledge__ Huh left college due to the lack of core courses, preventing him from receiving a scholarship and being approved for NCAA competition.", "John Huh __knowledge__ Huh played on the Korean Tour for three years.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ The Masters of the Universe franchise debuted in 1982, the creation of American company Mattel.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ The MOTU characters have appeared in a wide variety of different forms, including toys, animation, film, comics, books, videogames and spin-offs.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ All of these characters were released in the vintage Mattel toyline.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ He-Man is \"the most powerful man in the universe\" and in most media he is the alter-ego of Prince Adam.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ He is armed with a power harness that enhances his strength, the Sword of Power, a battle axe, and a shield.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ Early media, such as the minicomics packaged with the original run of action figures, also depicts him carrying a knife.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ Huh Young-man (born June 26, 1947) is a South Korean manhwa artist.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ Huh Young-man was born Heo Hyeong-man in present-day Yeosu, a far southern coastal city of South Jeolla Province, South Korea in 1947.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ He was the third child of eight children born to father Heo Jong (허종) and mother Park Ok-jeong (박옥정).", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ Before and after the liberation of Korea from Japan in 1945, Huh's father had worked as a local policeman.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ When the Yeosu Rebellion occurred in 1948, Huh's family was in danger of being killed by the rebels.", "Huh Young-man __knowledge__ In contrast to Huh's father, his uncle was a communist, so that Huh's family was ironically protected by both sides.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ Huh Gak (born 15 November 1984) is a South Korean singer and the winner of the Mnet talent competition series 'Superstar K' 2 under Plan A Entertainment.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ He is known as 'The man who turned the tables' and 'The South Korean Paul Potts'.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ He has an identical twin named Huh Gong, who didn't apply to 'Superstar K' 2 because he was concerned that the judges had prejudice.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ Now he is also a singer.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ Huh Gak was born on 15 November 1984.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ He is from Incheon, South Korea and lives with his father and his twin brother, Huh Gong.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ He graduated from Hwanbuk Elementary School and Incheon Boys School.", "Huh Gak __knowledge__ As a young child, Huh Gak went through a family divorce and faced financial difficulties.", "Uh Huh Her (band) __knowledge__ Uh Huh Her is an indie/rock/electropop band that was formed in January 2007.", "Uh Huh Her (band) __knowledge__ The band's name came from an album by artist PJ Harvey, titled \"Uh Huh Her\".", "Uh Huh Her (band) __knowledge__ The band has mentioned several times changing their name to UHH (pronunciation \"U-H-H\"), as opposed to the full \"Uh Huh Her,\" believing the original name looks good in written form, but is awkward to pronounce.", "Uh Huh Her (band) __knowledge__ It is unclear at this time if the name change will be made official at any point.", "Uh Huh Her (band) __knowledge__ Camila Grey (lead vocals, guitar, keyboard), former member of the lo-fi rock band Mellowdrone, had not released any solo material prior to joining Uh Huh Her; however, she had played bass and keyboards for a variety of artists, such as Dr. Dre, Melissa Auf der Maur, Busta Rhymes, and Kelly Osbourne.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of main characters in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" franchise.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of mutant red-eared sliders named after four Renaissance artists and living in the sewers of New York City, where they train by day and fight crime by night as ninjas.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leonardo is the calm and courageous leader of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ He is the most devoted student to Master Splinter and the study of Ninjutsu.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leo wears a blue mask and wields two ninjakens, also known as ninjatō.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raphael is the tough, sarcastic bad boy of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raph wears a red mask and wields a pair of sais.", "List of Rick and Morty characters __knowledge__ \"Rick and Morty\" is an American adult animated television series created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, which premiered in 2013.", "List of Rick and Morty characters __knowledge__ It revolves around Rick, an eccentric, elderly, alcoholic scientist who takes his young grandson Morty on dangerous, outlandish adventures throughout the cosmos and alternate universes.", "List of Rick and Morty characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the \"Rick and Morty\" television series.", "List of Rick and Morty characters __knowledge__ Rick Sanchez (voiced by Justin Roiland) – A genius scientist who is the father of Beth Smith and the maternal grandfather of Morty and Summer.", "List of Rick and Morty characters __knowledge__ His alcoholic tendencies lead his daughter's family to worry about the safety of their son Morty.", "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ Rick Sanchez is the main protagonist and title character from the Adult Swim animated television series \"Rick and Morty\".", "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ Created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Sanchez is a genius alcoholic scientist based on Emmett Brown from \"Back to the Future\".", "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ Known for his reckless, nihilist behavior and his pessimistic personality, the character has been well-received.", "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ He is formally referred to as \"Rick Sanchez C-137 (alias: \"Terror Rick\")\" by the Trans-Dimensional Council of Ricks, in reference to his original universe, \"C-137\", and penchant for instigating wars with inter-galactic empires.", "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ Both Rick and Morty are voiced by Roiland.", "Pilot (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ \"Pilot\" is the first episode of the American animated television sitcom \"Rick and Morty\".", "Pilot (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ Written by series creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, and directed by Roiland, the episode premiered on Adult Swim on December 2, 2013.", "Pilot (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ The series introduces protagonists, alcoholic scientist Rick Sanchez and his innocent teenage grandson Morty Smith, as they embark on a dangerous interdimensional adventure to fetch Mega tree seeds.", "Pilot (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ The pilot had a mixed to positive reception and was seen by about 1.1 million viewers when airing.", "Pilot (Rick and Morty) __knowledge__ Rick establishes himself as a bad influence on his grandson Morty when it is discovered that Morty has missed a semester of school in the time he's spent on adventures with Rick.", "Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality __knowledge__ Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality is a virtual reality game compatible with HTC Vive and Oculus Rift developed by Owlchemy Labs and published by Adult Swim Games for Microsoft Windows on April 20, 2017.", "Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality __knowledge__ It is based on the American animated series \"Rick and Morty\", whose series co-creator Justin Roiland aided in the development.", "Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality __knowledge__ Using HTC Vive or Oculus Rift, the player controls the clone of Morty Smith, the grandson of mad scientist Rick Sanchez.", "Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality __knowledge__ The clone was created to help Rick and Morty with menial tasks, such as laundry and spaceship repair.", "Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality __knowledge__ He is given a wristwatch from which a hologram of Rick appears to relay orders.", "The Rickshank Rickdemption __knowledge__ \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\" is the first episode in the third season of the American animated television sitcom \"Rick and Morty\", and the twenty-second episode overall in the series.", "The Rickshank Rickdemption __knowledge__ It was written by Mike McMahan and directed by Juan Meza-Leon.", "The Rickshank Rickdemption __knowledge__ The season three premiere first aired unannounced on Adult Swim in the United States on April 1, 2017 when it was watched by 676,000 American households.", "The Rickshank Rickdemption __knowledge__ On the first day of its original broadcast, \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\" was replayed every half hour from 8pm to 12am ET with improved ratings, as a part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' Day joke.", "Mickey Mouse universe __knowledge__ The Mickey Mouse universe is a fictional shared universe which is the setting for stories involving Disney cartoon characters Mickey and Minnie Mouse, Pluto, Goofy, Donald Duck and many other characters.", "Mickey Mouse universe __knowledge__ The universe originated from the \"Mickey Mouse\" animated short films produced by Disney starting in 1928, but its first consistent version was created by Floyd Gottfredson in the \"Mickey Mouse\" newspaper comic strip.", "Mickey Mouse universe __knowledge__ Real-world versions also exist in Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland, called Mickey's Toontown.", "Mickey Mouse universe __knowledge__ Since 1990, the actual city in which Mickey lives is typically called Mouseton, and is often depicted as the city next to Duckburg, the city in which Donald Duck lives (see Donald Duck universe)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science-fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ Roiland voices the eponymous characters, with Chris Parnell, Spencer Grammer, and Sarah Chalke voicing the rest of the family.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series originated from an animated short parody film of \"Back to the Future\", \"The Real Animated Adventures of Doc and Mharti,\" created by Roiland for Channel 101, a short film festival co-founded by Harmon.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ When Adult Swim approached Harmon for television show ideas, he and Roiland decided to develop a program based on the short.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The series has received universal acclaim for its originality, creativity, and humor.", "Rick and Morty __knowledge__ The show revolves around the adventures of the members of the Smith household, which consists of parents Jerry and Beth, their kids Summer and Morty, and Beth's father, Rick Sanchez, who lives with them as a guest.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ \"Ooh Ahh\" is a single by American Christian hip hop group GRITS featuring TobyMac.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ It was recorded for their fourth studio album, \"The Art of Translation\".", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ It was produced by Ric \"DJ Form\" Robbins and Otto Price for Incorporated Elements.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Ric Robbins, Otto Price, Coffee and Bone of Grits, and Toby Mac.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ It is sometimes referred to as \"My Life Be Like\" or \"My Life Be Like (Ooh Ahh)\".", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ A cut from the song is featured on tobyMac's song, \"Catchafire (Whoopsi-Daisy)\" from his album \"Welcome to Diverse City\".", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ To date, \"Ooh Ahh\" has been RIAA Digital Certified Gold for over 500,000 downloads and on-demand streams.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Countdown\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Knowles, Terius Nash, Shea Taylor, Ester Dean, Cainon Lamb, Julie Frost, Michael Bivins, Nathan Morris and Wanya Morris, and produced by Beyoncé, Taylor and Lamb.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song's conception was brought about by Knowles desiring to mix musical styles of the 1990s with the 1970s.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It was sent to radio on October 4, 2011 as the fourth single from \"4\".", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Featuring a sample of \"Uhh Ahh\" by Boyz II Men, \"Countdown\" incorporates aspects of hip hop, funk, reggae and world music.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ According to the lyrics, the female protagonist delivers a message of monogamy for her lover, celebrating self-worthiness as well as appreciating him.", "Ooh Ahh (Tamara Jaber song) __knowledge__ \"Ooh Ahh\" is the debut single by Australian recording artist Tamara Jaber, released on 19 April 2005 through King Kyle Records.", "Ooh Ahh (Tamara Jaber song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Jaber, Christopher Lee-Joe, Philippe-Marc Anquetil and M. Carre.", "Ooh Ahh (Tamara Jaber song) __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"Ooh Ahh\" peaked at number 13 on the ARIA Singles Chart and number 1 on the ARIA Dance Singles Chart.", "Ooh Ahh (Tamara Jaber song) __knowledge__ \"Ooh Ahh\" was written by Christopher Lee-Joe, Philippe-Marc Anquetil, Tamara Jaber and M. Carre.", "Ooh Ahh (Tamara Jaber song) __knowledge__ The song's lyrics are based on childish chants popularised in playgrounds, including \"Ooh, ahh, I lost my bra / I left it in my boyfriend's car\" and \"Boys are rotten, made out of cotton / Girls are sexy, made out of Pepsi\".", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ This Morning With Richard Not Judy or TMWRNJ was a BBC comedy television programme, written by and starring Lee and Herring.", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ Two series were broadcast in 1998 and 1999 on BBC Two.", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ The name was a satirical reference to ITV's \"This Morning\" which was at the time popularly referred to as \"This Morning with Richard and Judy\".", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ The show was a reworking of old material from their previous work together (radio and TV) along with new characters.", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ The show was hosted in a daytime chat show format in front of a live studio audience, although it featured a small proportion of pre-recorded location inserts.", "This Morning with Richard Not Judy __knowledge__ It was structured by the often strange obsessions of Richard Herring; examples include his rating of the milk of all creatures and attempting to popularise the acronym of the show (\"TMWRNJ\") (in the style of \"Tiswas\").", "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day __knowledge__ Everybody Draw Mohammed Day (or Draw Mohammed Day) was a 2010 event in support of artists threatened with violence for drawing representations of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.", "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day __knowledge__ It stemmed from a protest against censorship of the American television show \"South Park\" episode \"201\", led by the show's distributor Comedy Central, in response to death threats that had been made against some of those responsible for two segments broadcast in April 2010.", "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day __knowledge__ A drawing representing Mohammed was posted on the Internet on April 20, 2010 with a message suggesting that \"everybody\" create a drawing depicting Mohammad on May 20 in support of free speech.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by The Cartoon Network, Inc., a subsidiary of Turner Broadcasting System, itself being a subsidiary of Time Warner.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1, 1992.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ The channel primarily broadcasts children's shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ It is primarily aimed at children and young teenagers between the ages of 7 to 15, and targets older teens and adults with mature content during its late night daypart Adult Swim, which is treated as a separate entity for promotional purposes and as a separate channel by Nielsen for ratings purposes.", "Like Ooh-Ahh __knowledge__ \"Like Ooh-Ahh\" () is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Twice, the lead single of their debut extended play (EP) \"The Story Begins\".", "Like Ooh-Ahh __knowledge__ It was released on October 20, 2015 by JYP Entertainment and distributed by KT Music.", "Like Ooh-Ahh __knowledge__ It is written and composed by Black Eyed Pilseung and Sam Lewis.", "Like Ooh-Ahh __knowledge__ \"Like Ooh-Ahh\" is described as a \"color pop\" dance track with elements of hip-hop, rock, and R&B.", "Like Ooh-Ahh __knowledge__ The composition team included Black Eyed Pilseung and lyricist Sam Lewis, known for producing successful releases such as Miss A's \"Only You.\"", "Like Ooh-Ahh __knowledge__ On October 20, 2015, the song's music video was released online.", "Like Ooh-Ahh __knowledge__ It was directed by production team Naive (Kim Young-jo and Yoo Seung-woo).", "Fritz the Cat (film) __knowledge__ Fritz the Cat is a 1972 American adult animated comedy film written and directed by Ralph Bakshi.", "Fritz the Cat (film) __knowledge__ It was Bakshi's feature film debut and is loosely based on the Fritz the Cat comic strips by Robert Crumb.", "Fritz the Cat (film) __knowledge__ It was the first animated feature film to receive an X rating in the United States.", "Fritz the Cat (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Fritz (voiced by Skip Hinnant), an anthropomorphic cat in mid-1960s New York City who explores the ideals of hedonism and sociopolitical consciousness.", "Fritz the Cat (film) __knowledge__ The film is a satire focusing on American college life of the era, race relations, the free love movement, and left- and right-wing politics.", "Fritz the Cat (film) __knowledge__ The film had a troubled production history and controversial release.", "The Venture Bros. __knowledge__ The Venture Bros. is an American adult animated television series that was created by Christopher McCulloch (also known as \"Jackson Publick\") and premiered on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim with a pilot episode on February 16, 2003 and its first season beginning on August 7, 2004.", "The Venture Bros. __knowledge__ It is considered to be an action/adventure series with comedy-drama elements.", "The Venture Bros. __knowledge__ The show has been renewed for a seventh and eighth season to consist of ten episodes each.", "The Venture Bros. __knowledge__ The seventh season is scheduled to air sometime during 2018 according to Adult Swim.", "The Venture Bros. __knowledge__ \"The Venture Bros.\" chronicles the lives and adventures of the Venture family: well-meaning but incompetent teenagers Hank and Dean Venture; their emotionally insecure, unethical and under-achieving super-scientist father Dr. Thaddeus \"Rusty\" Venture; the family's bodyguard, secret agent Brock Samson, or his temporary replacement, the reformed villain and pedophile Sergeant Hatred; and the family's self-proclaimed arch-nemesis, The Monarch, a butterfly-themed supervillain.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ American Dad!", "American Dad! __knowledge__ is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, Mike Barker, and Matt Weitzman for the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ \"American Dad!\"", "American Dad! __knowledge__ is the first television series to have its inception on Animation Domination.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ The series premiered on February 6, 2005, following Super Bowl XXXIX, three months before the rest of the first season aired as part of the Animation Domination block, commencing on May 1, 2005.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ Creative direction of \"American Dad!\"", "American Dad! __knowledge__ has largely been guided by Barker (prior to his exit from the show in season 10) and Weitzman as opposed to MacFarlane, resulting in a series that is different from its counterparts.", "Clerks: The Animated Series __knowledge__ Clerks (retronym: Clerks: The Animated Series) is an American adult animated sitcom that was first broadcast in 2000 that was based on Kevin Smith's 1994 comedy of the same name.", "Clerks: The Animated Series __knowledge__ It was developed for television by Smith, Smith's producing partner Scott Mosier and former \"Seinfeld\" writer David Mandel with character designs by Stephen Silver.", "Clerks: The Animated Series __knowledge__ It is the first (and so far only) television show to be set in Smith's View Askewniverse.", "Clerks: The Animated Series __knowledge__ Only two episodes were broadcast on ABC in the year 2000 before the series was canceled.", "Clerks: The Animated Series __knowledge__ Several factors contributed to the cancellation, including low ratings, the show's not fitting in with ABC's other programming, unsuccessful test-screening to older audiences, and ABC's decision to air the shows out of order.", "Cthulhu __knowledge__ Cthulhu ( ) is a cosmic entity created by writer H. P. Lovecraft and first introduced in the short story \"The Call of Cthulhu\", published in the American pulp magazine \"Weird Tales\" in 1928.", "Cthulhu __knowledge__ Considered a Great Old One within the pantheon of Lovecraftian cosmic entities, the creature has since been featured in numerous popular culture references.", "Cthulhu __knowledge__ Lovecraft depicts Cthulhu as a gigantic entity worshipped by cultists.", "Cthulhu __knowledge__ Cthulhu's appearance is described as looking like an octopus, a dragon, and a caricature of human form.", "Cthulhu __knowledge__ Its name was given to the Lovecraft-inspired universe where it and its fellow entities existed, the Cthulhu Mythos.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Jean Henri Gaston Giraud (; 8 May 1938 – 10 March 2012) was a French artist, cartoonist and writer who worked in the Franco-Belgian \"bandes dessinées\" (BD) tradition.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Giraud garnered worldwide acclaim predominantly under the pseudonym Mœbius (; ) and to a lesser extent Gir (), which he used for the \"Blueberry\" series and his Western themed paintings.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ Esteemed by Federico Fellini, Stan Lee and Hayao Miyazaki among others, he has been described as the most influential artist after Hergé.", "Jean Giraud __knowledge__ His most famous works include the series \"Blueberry\", created with writer Jean-Michel Charlier, featuring one of the first anti-heroes in Western comics." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 1, 1 ]

[ "Rick and Morty is a fantastic show! The writers Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon are brilliant.", "It follows the misadventures of Rick Sanchez, a mad scientist, and his grandson Morty Smith. They go on a variety of adventures, including interdimensional ones!", "Yes, it's an American adult animated science-fiction sitcom.", "It's on Adult Swim, which is Cartoon Network's late-night programming. You should check it out!" ]

[ "Rick and Morty", "Rick and Morty", "Rick and Morty", "Rick and Morty" ]

[ "Pancake\nI had protein pancakes for breakfast, they are delicious, do you like pancakes?", "Potato pancakes? How does one do those?", "Savoury pancakes! I love that, I've tried making a pizza using a savoury pancake as a base, it was so good.", "Wow have you tried pancakes with lemon and sugar?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A \"crêpe\" is a thin Breton pancake of French origin cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A well-known variation originating from southeast Europe is a \"palačinke\", a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cheese cream, chocolate, or ground walnuts, but many other fillings—sweet or savoury—can also be used.", "Pancake __knowledge__ When potato is used as a major portion of the batter, the result is a \"potato pancake\".", "Pancake __knowledge__ Commercially prepared pancake mixes are available in some countries.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Pancake house __knowledge__ A pancake house, pancake and waffle house or waffle house is a restaurant that specializes in breakfast items such as pancakes, waffles, and omelettes, among other items.", "Pancake house __knowledge__ Many small, independent pancake houses, as well as large corporations and franchises, use the terminology in their establishment names, most notably the International House of Pancakes (IHOP), Waffle House and The Original Pancake House.", "Pancake house __knowledge__ Most pancake houses are dine-in, although most will offer carry-out as well.", "Pancake house __knowledge__ Many are open until around 3 p.m.", "Pancake house __knowledge__ Exceptions to this are large chains such as IHOP and Denny's, which are usually open 24 hours.", "Cachapa __knowledge__ Cachapas is the Spanish word for \"crumpets\" and are a traditional Venezuelan dish made from corn.", "Cachapa __knowledge__ Like \"arepas\", they are popular at roadside stands.", "Cachapa __knowledge__ They can be made like pancakes of fresh corn dough, or wrapped in dry corn leaves and boiled (\"cachapa de hoja\").", "Cachapa __knowledge__ The most common varieties are made with fresh ground corn mixed into a thick batter and cooked on a \"budare\", like pancakes; the \"cachapa\" is slightly thicker and lumpier because of the pieces from corn kernels.", "Cachapa __knowledge__ \"Cachapas\" are traditionally eaten with queso de mano (hand[made] cheese), a soft, mozzarella-like cheese, and occasionally with fried pork \"chicharrón\" on the side.", "Shrove Tuesday __knowledge__ Shrove Tuesday (also known in Commonwealth countries and Ireland as Pancake Tuesday or Pancake day) is the day in February or March immediately preceding Ash Wednesday (the first day of Lent), which is celebrated in some countries by consuming pancakes.", "Shrove Tuesday __knowledge__ In others, especially those where it is called Mardi Gras or some translation thereof, this is a carnival day, and also the last day of \"fat eating\" or \"gorging\" before the fasting period of Lent.", "Shrove Tuesday __knowledge__ This moveable feast is determined by Easter.", "Shrove Tuesday __knowledge__ The expression \"Shrove Tuesday\" comes from the word \"shrive\", meaning \"absolve\".", "Shrove Tuesday __knowledge__ Shrove Tuesday is observed by many Christians, including Anglicans, Lutherans, Methodists and Roman Catholics, who \"make a special point of self-examination, of considering what wrongs they need to repent, and what amendments of life or areas of spiritual growth they especially need to ask God's help in dealing with.\"", "Crêpe __knowledge__ A crêpe or crepe ( or , , ) is a type of very thin pastry, usually made from wheat flour (\"crêpes de froment\") or buckwheat flour (galettes).", "Crêpe __knowledge__ Crêpes belong to the general category of ancient Greek Tiganitai, from Greek tiganos (τίγανος), meaning \"frying pan\", which in English is literally translated to Pancakes [Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, XIV, 645c; Galen, On the Properties of Foods, I, 3].", "Crêpe __knowledge__ The French term, crêpe, derives from the Latin \"crispa\", meaning tiganitai with \"creases\".", "Crêpe __knowledge__ While crêpes are often associated with Brittany, a region in the northwest of France, their consumption is widespread in France, Belgium, Canada, and many parts of Europe, North Africa, and the Southern Cone of South America.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Hungarian or Magyar cuisine is the cuisine characteristic of the nation of Hungary and its primary ethnic group, the Magyars.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Hungarian dishes are primarily based on meats, seasonal vegetables, fruits, fresh bread, dairy products and cheeses.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Hungarian cuisine is mostly continental Central European, with some elements from Eastern Europe such as the use of poppy, and the popularity of kefir and quark (cottage cheese).", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Paprika, a quintessential spice and pepper is often associated with Hungary and is used prominently in a handful of dishes.", "Hungarian cuisine __knowledge__ Typical Hungarian food is heavy on dairy, cheese and meats, similar to that of neighboring West Slavic cuisines (Czech, Polish and Slovak)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A \"crêpe\" is a thin Breton pancake of French origin cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A well-known variation originating from southeast Europe is a \"palačinke\", a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cheese cream, chocolate, or ground walnuts, but many other fillings—sweet or savoury—can also be used.", "Pancake __knowledge__ When potato is used as a major portion of the batter, the result is a \"potato pancake\".", "Pancake __knowledge__ Commercially prepared pancake mixes are available in some countries.", "Potato pancake __knowledge__ Potato pancakes, latkes or boxties are shallow-fried pancakes of grated or ground potato, flour and egg, often flavored with grated garlic or onion and seasoning.", "Potato pancake __knowledge__ They may be topped with a variety of condiments, ranging from the savory (such as sour cream or cottage cheese), to the sweet (such as apple sauce or sugar), or they may be served plain.", "Potato pancake __knowledge__ The dish is sometimes made from mashed potatoes to make pancake-shaped croquettes.", "Potato pancake __knowledge__ Potato pancakes are associated with the cuisines of many European and Middle Eastern century-old traditions including German and Austrian (as ', ', ', ' and '), Belarusian (as '), Bulgarian (as '), Czech (as ' or '), Hungarian (as ' and other names), Iranian (as ' or '), Jewish (as ', , ', plural '), Latvian (as '), Lithuanian (as '), Luxembourg ('), Polish (as '), Romanian (as tocini or tocinei), Russian (as '), Slovak (as ', ' or '), Ukrainian (as ') and any cuisine that has adopted similar dishes.", "Potato __knowledge__ The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.", "Potato __knowledge__ \"Potato\" may be applied to both the plant and the edible tuber.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potato has become a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply.", "Potato __knowledge__ It is the world's fourth-largest food crop, following maize, wheat, and rice.", "Potato __knowledge__ The green leaves and green skins of tubers exposed to the light are toxic.", "Potato __knowledge__ In the Andes, where the species is indigenous, some other closely related species are cultivated.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish.", "Korosten __knowledge__ Korosten (, historically also Iskorosten') is a historic city and a large railway node in the Zhytomyr Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine.", "Korosten __knowledge__ It is located on the Uzh River.", "Korosten __knowledge__ Korosten serves as the administrative center of the Korosten Raion (district), though administratively it is not part of the raion and is incorporated as a city of regional significance.", "Korosten __knowledge__ Its population is approximately .", "Korosten __knowledge__ The city was founded over a millennium ago and was the capital of the Drevlyans, an ancient Slavic tribe that was later incorporated into Kievan Rus′.", "Korosten __knowledge__ The name may be derived from the word \"korost\" 'brushwood, bushes, shrubbery'; the form \"Iskorosten\"' sometimes found in early sources is probably based on the common repetition of prepositions in Old Russian: \"iz grada iz\"... 'from the city from...'.", "Dr. Praeger's __knowledge__ Dr. Praeger's is an all-natural, frozen foods company based in Elmwood Park, New Jersey.", "Dr. Praeger's __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1994 and run by practicing cardiac surgeons Dr. Peter Praeger and Dr. Eric Somberg and their families.", "Dr. Praeger's __knowledge__ Dr. Praeger’s produces about 30 items in the following categories: veggie burgers, veggie-potato pancakes, appetizers/snacks/side dishes, breaded fish, gefilte fish, and kids’ products.", "Dr. Praeger's __knowledge__ Dr. Praeger’s products are all-natural, preservative-free, Kosher, dairy free, free of artificial flavors and colors and MSG, trans-fat free and most are also low in cholesterol, sodium and/or saturated fats.", "Oladyi __knowledge__ Oladyi ( pl., diminutive: оладушки, \"oladushki\", sg.", "Oladyi __knowledge__ оладья, \"oladya\"; , \"oladky\", sg.", "Oladyi __knowledge__ оладок, \"oladok\" or оладка, \"oladka\") are small thick pancakes or fritters common in Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian cuisines.", "Oladyi __knowledge__ The batter for oladyi is made from wheat or (nowadays more rarely) buckwheat flour, eggs, milk, salt and sugar with yeast or baking soda.", "Oladyi __knowledge__ The batter may also be based on kefir, soured milk or yoghurt.", "Oladyi __knowledge__ It may contain various additions, such as apple or raisins.", "Oladyi __knowledge__ Oladyi are usually served with smetana (sour cream), as well as with sweet toppings such as varenye, jam, powidl, honey etc.", "Crêpe __knowledge__ A crêpe or crepe ( or , , ) is a type of very thin pastry, usually made from wheat flour (\"crêpes de froment\") or buckwheat flour (galettes).", "Crêpe __knowledge__ Crêpes belong to the general category of ancient Greek Tiganitai, from Greek tiganos (τίγανος), meaning \"frying pan\", which in English is literally translated to Pancakes [Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, XIV, 645c; Galen, On the Properties of Foods, I, 3].", "Crêpe __knowledge__ The French term, crêpe, derives from the Latin \"crispa\", meaning tiganitai with \"creases\".", "Crêpe __knowledge__ While crêpes are often associated with Brittany, a region in the northwest of France, their consumption is widespread in France, Belgium, Canada, and many parts of Europe, North Africa, and the Southern Cone of South America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A \"crêpe\" is a thin Breton pancake of French origin cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A well-known variation originating from southeast Europe is a \"palačinke\", a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cheese cream, chocolate, or ground walnuts, but many other fillings—sweet or savoury—can also be used.", "Pancake __knowledge__ When potato is used as a major portion of the batter, the result is a \"potato pancake\".", "Pancake __knowledge__ Commercially prepared pancake mixes are available in some countries.", "Crêpe __knowledge__ A crêpe or crepe ( or , , ) is a type of very thin pastry, usually made from wheat flour (\"crêpes de froment\") or buckwheat flour (galettes).", "Crêpe __knowledge__ Crêpes belong to the general category of ancient Greek Tiganitai, from Greek tiganos (τίγανος), meaning \"frying pan\", which in English is literally translated to Pancakes [Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, XIV, 645c; Galen, On the Properties of Foods, I, 3].", "Crêpe __knowledge__ The French term, crêpe, derives from the Latin \"crispa\", meaning tiganitai with \"creases\".", "Crêpe __knowledge__ While crêpes are often associated with Brittany, a region in the northwest of France, their consumption is widespread in France, Belgium, Canada, and many parts of Europe, North Africa, and the Southern Cone of South America.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Scone __knowledge__ A scone is a single-serving quick bread/cake, usually made of wheat, barley or oatmeal with baking powder as a leavening agent and baked on sheet pans.", "Scone __knowledge__ A scone is often lightly sweetened and occasionally glazed with egg wash.", "Scone __knowledge__ The scone is a basic component of the cream tea or Devonshire tea.", "Scone __knowledge__ It differs from teacakes and other sweet buns that are made with yeast.", "Scone __knowledge__ The pronunciation of the word within the English-speaking world varies.", "Scone __knowledge__ According to one academic study, two-thirds of the British population pronounce it (rhymes with gone) with the preference rising to 99% in the Scottish population.", "Scone __knowledge__ According to another survey, 51% of the British people pronounce it , while 41% pronounce it (rhymes with tone).", "Pancake machine __knowledge__ A pancake machine is an electrically-powered machine that automatically produces cooked pancakes.", "Pancake machine __knowledge__ It is believed that the earliest known pancake machine was invented in the United States in 1928.", "Pancake machine __knowledge__ Several types of pancake machines exist that perform in various manners, for both commercial and home use.", "Pancake machine __knowledge__ Some are fully automatic in operation, while others are semi-automatic.", "Pancake machine __knowledge__ Some companies mass-produce pancake machines, and some have been homemade.", "Pancake machine __knowledge__ The Happy Egg Company constructed a novelty pancake machine in 2013 in commemoration of Pancake Day in the United Kingdom.", "Pancake machine __knowledge__ In 1928, a man in Portland, Oregon, invented an electric pancake machine that operated by the process of batter being dropped onto a revolving heated flattop grill from a storage cylinder atop the grill.", "Pancake Parlour __knowledge__ The Pancake Parlour is an Australian family-owned pancake restaurant chain, serving sweet and savoury pancakes and crepes with locations in Victoria and the ACT.", "Pancake Parlour __knowledge__ The first Pancake Parlour restaurant opened in Gilbert Place, Adelaide on 15 May 1965 as \"The Pancake Kitchen\" and is still is in operation today as \"The Original Pancake Kitchen\".", "Pancake Parlour __knowledge__ The first restaurant was established by Roger Meadmore and Allen and Helen Trachsel.", "Pancake Parlour __knowledge__ The Trachsels moved to Melbourne opening \"The Pancake Parlour\" in Market Lane in 1969, whilst Meadmore moved to Sydney and on 17 August 1975 opened \"Pancakes on the Rocks\".", "Pancake Parlour __knowledge__ In 1985 the company expanded opening a store in Canberra.", "Potato pancake __knowledge__ Potato pancakes, latkes or boxties are shallow-fried pancakes of grated or ground potato, flour and egg, often flavored with grated garlic or onion and seasoning.", "Potato pancake __knowledge__ They may be topped with a variety of condiments, ranging from the savory (such as sour cream or cottage cheese), to the sweet (such as apple sauce or sugar), or they may be served plain.", "Potato pancake __knowledge__ The dish is sometimes made from mashed potatoes to make pancake-shaped croquettes.", "Potato pancake __knowledge__ Potato pancakes are associated with the cuisines of many European and Middle Eastern century-old traditions including German and Austrian (as ', ', ', ' and '), Belarusian (as '), Bulgarian (as '), Czech (as ' or '), Hungarian (as ' and other names), Iranian (as ' or '), Jewish (as ', , ', plural '), Latvian (as '), Lithuanian (as '), Luxembourg ('), Polish (as '), Romanian (as tocini or tocinei), Russian (as '), Slovak (as ', ' or '), Ukrainian (as ') and any cuisine that has adopted similar dishes.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava (manioc, \"Manihot esculenta\") is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version.", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corms, the root vegetables most commonly known as taro.", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ It is believed to be one of the earliest cultivated plants.", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ Linnaeus originally described two species which are now known as \"Colocasia esculenta\" and \"Colocasia antiquorum\" of the cultivated plants that are known by many names including eddoes, dasheen, taro and madumbi, but many later botanists consider them all to be members of a single, very variable species, the correct name for which is \"Colocasia esculenta\".", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ Taro () commonly refers to the plant \"Colocasia esculenta\", the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the Araceae family which are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumpling is a broad classification for a dish that consists of small pieces of dough (made from a variety of starch sources) wrapped around a filling.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ The dough can be based on bread, flour, or potatoes, and may be filled with meat, fish, cheese, vegetables, fruits, or sweets.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of methods, including baking, boiling, frying, simmering, or steaming.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku and kenkey fit the definition of a dumpling in that they are starchy balls of dough that are steamed.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ They are formed from fermented cornmeal.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku is boiled and requires continues kneading, while kenkey is partly boiled then finished by steaming in corn or banana leaves." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A \"crêpe\" is a thin Breton pancake of French origin cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A well-known variation originating from southeast Europe is a \"palačinke\", a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cheese cream, chocolate, or ground walnuts, but many other fillings—sweet or savoury—can also be used.", "Pancake __knowledge__ When potato is used as a major portion of the batter, the result is a \"potato pancake\".", "Pancake __knowledge__ Commercially prepared pancake mixes are available in some countries.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ Jif is a brand of natural strength lemon juice prepared using lemon juice concentrate and water, whereby the concentrate is reconstituted using water.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ After reconstitution, it is packaged and marketed.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ It is sold in the United Kingdom and Ireland by Unilever.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ Jif is used as a flavourant and ingredient in dishes, and as a condiment.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ Two tablespoons is around the equivalent of the juice of one lemon.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ The product has a shelf life of six months.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ Jif is packaged in a squeezable container shaped like a lemon, and in bottles.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ Development of the plastic container began in the 1950s, and was one of the original blow moulded containers used for food applications.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Crêpe __knowledge__ A crêpe or crepe ( or , , ) is a type of very thin pastry, usually made from wheat flour (\"crêpes de froment\") or buckwheat flour (galettes).", "Crêpe __knowledge__ Crêpes belong to the general category of ancient Greek Tiganitai, from Greek tiganos (τίγανος), meaning \"frying pan\", which in English is literally translated to Pancakes [Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, XIV, 645c; Galen, On the Properties of Foods, I, 3].", "Crêpe __knowledge__ The French term, crêpe, derives from the Latin \"crispa\", meaning tiganitai with \"creases\".", "Crêpe __knowledge__ While crêpes are often associated with Brittany, a region in the northwest of France, their consumption is widespread in France, Belgium, Canada, and many parts of Europe, North Africa, and the Southern Cone of South America.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Shrove Tuesday __knowledge__ Shrove Tuesday (also known in Commonwealth countries and Ireland as Pancake Tuesday or Pancake day) is the day in February or March immediately preceding Ash Wednesday (the first day of Lent), which is celebrated in some countries by consuming pancakes.", "Shrove Tuesday __knowledge__ In others, especially those where it is called Mardi Gras or some translation thereof, this is a carnival day, and also the last day of \"fat eating\" or \"gorging\" before the fasting period of Lent.", "Shrove Tuesday __knowledge__ This moveable feast is determined by Easter.", "Shrove Tuesday __knowledge__ The expression \"Shrove Tuesday\" comes from the word \"shrive\", meaning \"absolve\".", "Shrove Tuesday __knowledge__ Shrove Tuesday is observed by many Christians, including Anglicans, Lutherans, Methodists and Roman Catholics, who \"make a special point of self-examination, of considering what wrongs they need to repent, and what amendments of life or areas of spiritual growth they especially need to ask God's help in dealing with.\"", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea (or ice tea; \"thé glacé\" in French) is a form of cold tea.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Though usually served in a glass with ice, it can refer to a tea that has been chilled or cooled.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ It may or may not be sweetened.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea is also a popular packaged drink.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ It can be mixed with flavored syrup, with multiple common flavors including lemon, raspberry, lime, passion fruit, peach, orange, strawberry, and cherry.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ While most iced teas get their flavor from tea leaves (\"Camellia sinensis\"), herbal teas are sometimes served cold and referred to as iced tea.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea is sometimes made by a particularly long steeping of tea leaves at lower temperature (one hour in the sun versus 5 minutes at 180–212 °F / 80–100 °C).", "Pierogi __knowledge__ Pierogi ( ) (singular pieróg), also known as varenyky, are filled dumplings of Central European origin made by wrapping unleavened dough around a savory or sweet filling and cooking in boiling water.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ These dumplings are popular in West Slavic (Polish and Slovak), Hungarian, East Slavic (Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian), Baltic (Latvian and Lithuanian) and other Central and Eastern European cuisines where they are known under their local names.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ However, pierogi are especially almost always associated with Poland and Slovakia, where they are considered national dishes.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ Typical fillings include potato, sauerkraut, ground meat, cheese, and fruits.", "Quark (dairy product) __knowledge__ Quark is a type of fresh dairy product made by warming soured milk to 20–27 °C until the desired degree of curdling is met, and then straining it.", "Quark (dairy product) __knowledge__ It can be classified as fresh acid-set cheese, though in some countries it is traditionally considered a distinct fermented milk product.", "Quark (dairy product) __knowledge__ Traditional quark is made without rennet, but in some modern dairies rennet is added.", "Quark (dairy product) __knowledge__ It is soft, white and unaged, and usually has no salt added.", "Quark (dairy product) __knowledge__ It is common in the cuisines of German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg), northern Europe (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden), the Netherlands, Hungary, Belgium, Albania, Israel, Romania, of Slavic peoples (e.g.", "Sour cream __knowledge__ Traditionally, sour cream was made by letting cream that was skimmed off the top of milk ferment at a moderate temperature.", "Sour cream __knowledge__ The bacteria that developed during fermentation thickened the cream and made it more acidic, a natural way of preserving it.", "Sour cream __knowledge__ Traditional sour cream contains from 18 to 20 percent butterfat and gets its characteristic tang from the lactic acid created by the bacteria.", "Sour cream __knowledge__ Commercially produced sour cream usually contains 14 percent milk fat, and can contain additional thickening agents such as gelatin, rennet, guar gum and carrageenan, as well as acids to artificially sour the product.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht () is a sour soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines, including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Ashkenazi Jewish and Armenian cuisines.", "Borscht __knowledge__ The variety most commonly associated with the name in English is of Ukrainian origin and includes beetroots as one of the main ingredients, which gives the dish its distinctive red color.", "Borscht __knowledge__ It shares the name, however, with a wide selection of sour-tasting soups without beetroots, such as sorrel-based green borscht, rye-based white borscht and cabbage borscht.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht derives from an ancient soup originally cooked from pickled stems, leaves and umbels of common hogweed (\"Heracleum sphondylium\"), a herbaceous plant growing in damp meadows, which lent the dish its Slavic name.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Russian cuisine is a collection of the different cooking traditions of the Russian people.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine is diverse, with Northern and Eastern European, Caucasian, Central Asian, Siberian, and East Asian influences .", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Russian cuisine derives its varied character from the vast and multi-ethnic expanse of Russia.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Moreover, it is necessary to divide Russian traditional cuisine and Soviet cuisine, which has its own peculiarity.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Its foundations were laid by the peasant food of the rural population in an often harsh climate, with a combination of plentiful fish, pork, poultry, caviar, mushrooms, berries, and honey.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's is the name of a brand for a number of potato chip varieties, as well as the name of the company that founded the chip brand in the U.S. in 1932.", "Lay's __knowledge__ It is also called Frito-Lay.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's has been owned by PepsiCo since 1965.", "Lay's __knowledge__ \"Lay's\" is the company's primary brand, with the exception of limited markets where other brand names are used: Walkers in the United Kingdom and Ireland; Smith's in Australia; Chipsy in Egypt; Poca in Vietnam; Tapuchips in Israel; Margarita in Colombia; Sabritas in Mexico; and, formerly, Hostess in Canada.", "Lay's __knowledge__ In 1932, salesman Herman Lay opened a snack food operation in Dorset, Ohio; and, in 1938, he purchased the Atlanta, Georgia, potato chip manufacturer \"Barrett Food Company\", renaming it \"H.W." ] ]

[ 9, 11, 42, 7 ]

[ "I do. I like regular pancakes and even potato pancakes.", "They are delicious. They are shallow fried pancakes of grated or ground potato, flour and egg. Often flavored with garlic or onion.", "Yes, they are delicious. You can top them with sour cream, cottage cheese, applesauce or even sugar.", "No, but I have had the french version of pancake's called crepe's. I ate a whole mess of them the other morning." ]

[ "Pancake", "Pancake", "Pancake", "Pancake" ]

[ "Crochet\nDo you Crochet? I know it's rare for a man to Crochet but I love it. It helps me relax.", "Yes, as in the small hook you use when you Crochet.", "I think early on they were made of bone.", "I never thought of them like that.", "I have a wood hook and a metal hook. Plastic bends to easily. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Crochet __knowledge__ (Variant forms such as Tunisian crochet and broomstick lace keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.)", "Crochet __knowledge__ The word crochet is derived from the Old French \"crochet\", a diminutive of \"croche\", in turn from the Germanic \"croc\", both meaning \"hook\".", "Crochet __knowledge__ It was used in 17th-century French lace making, \"crochetage\" designating a stitch used to join separate pieces of lace, and \"crochet\" subsequently designating both a specific type of fabric and the hooked needle used to produce it.", "Crochet __knowledge__ Although the fabric is not known to be crochet in the present sense, a genealogical relationship between the techniques sharing that name appears likely.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread is specially formulated thread usually made from mercerized cotton for crafting decorative crochet items such as doilies or filet crochet.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread produces fabric of fine gauge that may be stiffened with starch.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread is almost always produced from cotton and has a denser pile and smaller diameter than ordinary yarn.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Most crochet threads are thicker in diameter than sewing thread.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread can withstand considerable stresses from pulls with sharp hooks.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet manufacturing conventions treat thread and yarn quite differently: manufacturers designate different sizing scales for thread and yarn.", "Filet crochet __knowledge__ Filet crochet is a type of crocheted fabric.", "Filet crochet __knowledge__ This type of crocheted lace is gridlike because it uses only two crochet stitches: the chain stitch and the double crochet stitch (U.S. terminology; known in some other countries as \"chain stitch\" and \"treble\").", "Filet crochet __knowledge__ Old filet patterns used a treble or triple stitch vertically but chained two between the vertical stitches.", "Filet crochet __knowledge__ This was to prevent distortion of some patterns.", "Filet crochet __knowledge__ Chain stitches use less yarn than double crochet stitches, which results in a visual difference in appearance between the two kinds of stitch.", "Filet crochet __knowledge__ Filet crochet forms patterns by filling in parts of a mostly chain stitch mesh with double crochet stitches.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Tapestry crochet is sometimes called jacquard crochet, intarsia, mosaic, fair isle, and colorwork, but today these terms usually describe different techniques.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Since the yarns are switched back and forth to create motifs, tapestry crochet fabric looks more like it was woven on a loom than crocheted with a hook.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Just as there are several ways to produce a woven tapestry, so there are different ways to do tapestry crochet.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Most tapestry crochet is done with single crochet stitches, but the slip stitch, half double, and double crochet stitches are also used.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Yarns not in play are either carried inside the stitches, dropped and picked up when needed (also called intarsia), or they run along the back of the stitches.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ Tunisian crochet, also known as Afghan crochet, is a type of crochet that uses an elongated hook, often with a stopper on the handle end, called an Afghan hook.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ It is sometimes considered to be a mixture of crocheting and knitting.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ As such, some techniques used in knitting are also applicable in Tunisian crochet.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ One example is the intarsia method.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ The work is begun with the traditional starting chain, a series of slip stitches.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ Once the chain is completed, the first row is worked by inserting the hook back into the previous link of the chain, and a loop from the free end of the yarn is grabbed with the hook and pulled back through the link.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ A crochet hook (or crochet needle) is an implement used to make loops in thread or yarn and to interlock them into crochet stitches.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ It is basically a round shaft pointed on one end, with a lateral groove behind it.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ The point eases the insertion of the hook through the material being crocheted and the groove makes it possible to pull a loop back through the material.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ The shaft is then divided into a working area that determines the hook's nominal diameter and ensures the uniform sizing of the loops formed on it, and a handle.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ Crochet appeared as a distinct textile art during the early 19th-century and many crochet hooks survive from that period.", "Irish lace __knowledge__ Irish lace has always been an important part of the Irish needlework tradition.", "Irish lace __knowledge__ Both needlepoint and Bobbin-laces were made in Ireland before the middle of the eighteenth century, but never, apparently, on a commercial scale.", "Irish lace __knowledge__ It was promoted by Irish aristocrats such as Lady Arabella Denny, the famous philanthropist, who used social and political connections to support the new industry and promote the sale of Irish lace abroad.", "Irish lace __knowledge__ Lady Denny, working in connection with the Dublin Society, introduced lace-making into the Dublin workhouses, especially among the children there.", "Irish lace __knowledge__ It is thought that it was an early form of Crochet, imitating the appearance of Venetian Gros Point lace." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Crochet __knowledge__ (Variant forms such as Tunisian crochet and broomstick lace keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.)", "Crochet __knowledge__ The word crochet is derived from the Old French \"crochet\", a diminutive of \"croche\", in turn from the Germanic \"croc\", both meaning \"hook\".", "Crochet __knowledge__ It was used in 17th-century French lace making, \"crochetage\" designating a stitch used to join separate pieces of lace, and \"crochet\" subsequently designating both a specific type of fabric and the hooked needle used to produce it.", "Crochet __knowledge__ Although the fabric is not known to be crochet in the present sense, a genealogical relationship between the techniques sharing that name appears likely.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ Tunisian crochet, also known as Afghan crochet, is a type of crochet that uses an elongated hook, often with a stopper on the handle end, called an Afghan hook.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ It is sometimes considered to be a mixture of crocheting and knitting.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ As such, some techniques used in knitting are also applicable in Tunisian crochet.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ One example is the intarsia method.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ The work is begun with the traditional starting chain, a series of slip stitches.", "Tunisian crochet __knowledge__ Once the chain is completed, the first row is worked by inserting the hook back into the previous link of the chain, and a loop from the free end of the yarn is grabbed with the hook and pulled back through the link.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ A crochet hook (or crochet needle) is an implement used to make loops in thread or yarn and to interlock them into crochet stitches.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ It is basically a round shaft pointed on one end, with a lateral groove behind it.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ The point eases the insertion of the hook through the material being crocheted and the groove makes it possible to pull a loop back through the material.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ The shaft is then divided into a working area that determines the hook's nominal diameter and ensures the uniform sizing of the loops formed on it, and a handle.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ Crochet appeared as a distinct textile art during the early 19th-century and many crochet hooks survive from that period.", "M33 (gene) __knowledge__ M33 is a gene.", "M33 (gene) __knowledge__ It is a mammalian homologue of \"Drosophila\" Polycomb.", "M33 (gene) __knowledge__ It localises to euchromatin within interphase nuclei, but it is enriched within the centromeric heterochromatin of metaphase chromosomes.", "M33 (gene) __knowledge__ In mice, the official symbol of M33 gene styled Cbx2 and the official name chromobox 2 are maintained by the MGI.", "M33 (gene) __knowledge__ Also known as pc; MOD2.", "M33 (gene) __knowledge__ In human ortholog CBX2, synonyms CDCA6\",\" M33\",\" SRXY5 from orthology source HGNC.", "M33 (gene) __knowledge__ M33 was isolated by means of the structural similarity of its chromodomain.", "M33 (gene) __knowledge__ It contains a region of homology shared by \"Xenopus\" and \"Drosophila\" in the fifth exon\".\"", "M33 (gene) __knowledge__ Polycomb genes in \"Drosophila\" mediate changes in higher-order chromatin structure to maintain the repressed state of developmentally regulated genes .", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting is a technique for handcrafting a particularly durable lace from a series of knots and loops.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting can be used to make lace edging as well as doilies, collars, accessories such as earrings and necklaces, and other decorative pieces.", "Tatting __knowledge__ The lace is formed by a pattern of rings and chains formed from a series of cow hitch or half-hitch knots, called double stitches, over a core thread.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Gaps can be left between the stitches to form picots, which are used for practical construction as well as decorative effect.", "Tatting __knowledge__ Tatting dates to the early 17th century, as evidence in a poem by Sir Charles Sedley, \"The Royal Knotter\", written in the late 1600s and published posthumously in 1707.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Tapestry crochet is sometimes called jacquard crochet, intarsia, mosaic, fair isle, and colorwork, but today these terms usually describe different techniques.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Since the yarns are switched back and forth to create motifs, tapestry crochet fabric looks more like it was woven on a loom than crocheted with a hook.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Just as there are several ways to produce a woven tapestry, so there are different ways to do tapestry crochet.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Most tapestry crochet is done with single crochet stitches, but the slip stitch, half double, and double crochet stitches are also used.", "Tapestry crochet __knowledge__ Yarns not in play are either carried inside the stitches, dropped and picked up when needed (also called intarsia), or they run along the back of the stitches.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of intermeshing of loops.", "Knitting __knowledge__ As each row progresses, a newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row, placed on the gaining needle, and the loops from the prior row are then pulled off the other needle.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Different types of yarns (fibre type, texture, and twist), needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, look, water resistance, and/or integrity)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Crochet __knowledge__ (Variant forms such as Tunisian crochet and broomstick lace keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.)", "Crochet __knowledge__ The word crochet is derived from the Old French \"crochet\", a diminutive of \"croche\", in turn from the Germanic \"croc\", both meaning \"hook\".", "Crochet __knowledge__ It was used in 17th-century French lace making, \"crochetage\" designating a stitch used to join separate pieces of lace, and \"crochet\" subsequently designating both a specific type of fabric and the hooked needle used to produce it.", "Crochet __knowledge__ Although the fabric is not known to be crochet in the present sense, a genealogical relationship between the techniques sharing that name appears likely.", "Yellow Claw (DJs) __knowledge__ Yellow Claw is a DJ and record production duo from Amsterdam, Netherlands.", "Yellow Claw (DJs) __knowledge__ The group consists of Jim Aasgier (Jim Taihuttu) and Nizzle (Nils Rondhuis).", "Yellow Claw (DJs) __knowledge__ Their music is a mix of wide range of genres and often incorporates elements from trap, hip hop, dubstep, big room house, hardstyle and moombahton.", "Yellow Claw (DJs) __knowledge__ Yellow Claw first gained popularity in the middle of 2010, after founding and hosting a night party at one of Amsterdam's most famous night clubs, the Jimmy Woo.", "Yellow Claw (DJs) __knowledge__ During 2012 and 2013, they released a number of successful singles, which charted on the Dutch and Belgian national charts: \"Krokobil\", \"Nooit Meer Slapen\", \"Thunder\" and \"Last Night Ever\".", "Bone __knowledge__ A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure.", "Bone __knowledge__ They are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple functions.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bone tissue (osseous tissue) is a hard tissue, a type of dense connective tissue.", "Bone __knowledge__ It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bone tissue is made up of different types of bone cells.", "Mikhail Lermontov __knowledge__ Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (; ; – ) was a Russian Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called \"the poet of the Caucasus\", the most important Russian poet after Alexander Pushkin's death in 1837 and the greatest figure in Russian Romanticism.", "Mikhail Lermontov __knowledge__ His influence on later Russian literature is still felt in modern times, not only through his poetry, but also through his prose, which founded the tradition of the Russian psychological novel.", "Mikhail Lermontov __knowledge__ Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born in Moscow into a respectable noble family Lermontovs, and grew up in the village of Tarkhany (now Lermontovo in Penza Oblast).", "George E. Goodfellow __knowledge__ Dr. George Emory Goodfellow (December 23, 1855 – December 7, 1910) was a physician and naturalist in the American Old West who developed a reputation as the United States' foremost expert in treating bullet wounds.", "George E. Goodfellow __knowledge__ As a physician in Tombstone, Arizona Territory, he treated many gunshot wounds to both lawmen and outlaws.", "George E. Goodfellow __knowledge__ He performed the first recorded laparotomy for treating an abdominal gunshot wound and was the first surgeon to perform a perineal prostatectomy to remove an enlarged prostate.", "George E. Goodfellow __knowledge__ He pioneered the use of spinal anesthesia and sterile techniques in treating gunshot wounds and is regarded as the first civilian trauma surgeon.", "Bone grafting __knowledge__ Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly.", "Bone grafting __knowledge__ Some kind of small or acute fractures can be cured but risky for large fractures like compound fractures.", "Bone grafting __knowledge__ Bone generally has the ability to regenerate completely but requires a very small fracture space or some sort of scaffold to do so.", "Bone grafting __knowledge__ Bone grafts may be autologous (bone harvested from the patient’s own body, often from the iliac crest), allograft (cadaveric bone usually obtained from a bone bank), or synthetic (often made of hydroxyapatite or other naturally occurring and biocompatible substances) with similar mechanical properties to bone.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ Homeschooling, also known as home education, is the education of children inside the home.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ Home education is usually conducted by a parent or tutor.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ Many families use less formal ways of educating.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ \"Homeschooling\" is the term commonly used in North America, whereas \"home education\" is commonly used in the United Kingdom, Europe, and in many Commonwealth countries.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ Before the introduction of compulsory school attendance laws, most childhood education was done by families and local communities.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ In many developed countries, homeschooling is a legal alternative to public and private schools.", "Homeschooling __knowledge__ In other nations, homeschooling remains illegal or restricted to specific conditions, as recorded by Homeschooling international status and statistics.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony __knowledge__ Bone Thugs-N-Harmony is an American hip hop group.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony __knowledge__ It consists of rappers Bizzy Bone, Wish Bone, Layzie Bone, Krayzie Bone, and Flesh-n-Bone.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony __knowledge__ American West Coast rapper Eazy-E signed Bone Thugs-N-Harmony to Ruthless Records in late 1993, when Bone Thugs debuted with their EP \"Creepin on ah Come Up\".", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony __knowledge__ The EP included their breakout hit single \"Thuggish Ruggish Bone\".", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony __knowledge__ In 1995, the group released its second album, \"E. 1999 Eternal\", which included hits \"1st of tha Month\" and \"East 1999\".", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony __knowledge__ A tribute to then-recently deceased Eazy-E, titled \"Tha Crossroads\", won a Grammy award in 1997.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony __knowledge__ \"The Art of War\", the group's third album, was also released in 1997.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ In field hockey, each player carries a stick and cannot take part in the game without it.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ The stick for an adult is usually in the range 89–95 cm (35–38 in) long.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ A maximum length of 105 cm (41\") was stipulated from 2016.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ The maximum permitted weight is 737 grams.The majority of players use a stick in the range 19 oz to 22 oz (538 g - 623 g).", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ Traditionally hockey sticks were made of hickory, ash or mulberry wood with the head of the sticks being hand carved and therefore required skilled craftsmen to produce.", "Field hockey stick __knowledge__ Sticks made of wood continue to be made but the higher grade sticks are now manufactured from composite materials which were first permitted after 1992.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Nikkur __knowledge__ Nikkur is the process of making an animal kosher by removing chelev (forbidden fats) and the gid hanasheh (sciatic nerve).", "Nikkur __knowledge__ The basis for this practice is Leviticus 7:23, \"You shall not eat of any fatty suet, whether from cattle, sheep, or goats.\"", "Nikkur __knowledge__ It is much easier to perform \"nikkur\" on the front part of the animal.", "Nikkur __knowledge__ It is also easier to perform on non-domestic animals such as deer as the chelev does not need to be removed from such animals.", "Nikkur __knowledge__ Since it is difficult to perform \"nikkur\" on the hind part of domestic animals, the entire hind part is usually sold to the non-Jewish market in Ashkenazi Jewish communities.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Battle of Buna–Gona __knowledge__ The Battle of Buna–Gona was part of the New Guinea campaign in the Pacific Theatre during World War II.", "Battle of Buna–Gona __knowledge__ It followed the conclusion of the Kokoda Track campaign and lasted from 16 November 1942 until 22 January 1943.", "Battle of Buna–Gona __knowledge__ The battle was conducted by Australian and United States forces against the Japanese beachheads at Buna, Sanananda and Gona.", "Battle of Buna–Gona __knowledge__ From these, the Japanese had launched an overland attack on Port Moresby.", "Battle of Buna–Gona __knowledge__ In light of developments in the Solomon Islands campaign, Japanese forces approaching Port Moresby were ordered to withdraw to and secure these bases on the northern coast.", "Battle of Buna–Gona __knowledge__ Australian forces maintained contact as the Japanese conducted a well-ordered rearguard action.", "Lepenski Vir __knowledge__ Lepenski Vir (, \"Lepen Whirl\"), located in Serbia, is an important archaeological site of the Mesolithic Iron Gates culture of the Balkans.", "Lepenski Vir __knowledge__ The latest radiocarbon and AMS data suggests that the chronology of Lepenski Vir is compressed between 9500/7200–6000 BC.", "Lepenski Vir __knowledge__ There is some disagreement about the early start of the settlement and culture of Lepenski Vir.", "Lepenski Vir __knowledge__ But the latest data suggest 9500–7200 to be the start.", "Lepenski Vir __knowledge__ The late Lepenski Vir (6300–6000 BC) architectural development was the development of the Trapezoidal buildings and monumental sculpture.", "Lepenski Vir __knowledge__ The Lepenski Vir site consists of one large settlement with around ten satellite villages." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Crochet __knowledge__ (Variant forms such as Tunisian crochet and broomstick lace keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.)", "Crochet __knowledge__ The word crochet is derived from the Old French \"crochet\", a diminutive of \"croche\", in turn from the Germanic \"croc\", both meaning \"hook\".", "Crochet __knowledge__ It was used in 17th-century French lace making, \"crochetage\" designating a stitch used to join separate pieces of lace, and \"crochet\" subsequently designating both a specific type of fabric and the hooked needle used to produce it.", "Crochet __knowledge__ Although the fabric is not known to be crochet in the present sense, a genealogical relationship between the techniques sharing that name appears likely.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ \"I'd Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred\" is a 1969 song by The Moody Blues, from their album \"To Our Children's Children's Children\", and written by Justin Hayward.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ The song is a short ballad with the theme of accomplishment and longevity.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ The realization of all that the narrator has accomplished makes it seem as if he has lived to be a hundred.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ The sequel to the song, \"I Never Thought I'd Live to be a Million\", which lasts only half a minute, has the same theme, except that the narrator has now reached a million years of age.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ This indicates that the narrator is God.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ Another Interpretation: \"I never thought I'd live to be a Hundred\" is about growing and maturing and being thankful for the opportunity to reach well beyond expectations, given very humble beginnings.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (commonly known as Columbia Pictures and Columbia, formerly CBC Film Sales Corporation, and stylized as COLUMBIA) is an American film studio, production company and film distributor that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate Sony.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ What would eventually become Columbia Pictures, CBC Film Sales Corporation, was founded on June 19, 1918 by Harry Cohn, his brother Jack Cohn, and Joe Brandt.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Mike and the Mad Dog was an afternoon drive sports radio program based out of WFAN in New York City hosted by Mike Francesa and Christopher \"Mad Dog\" Russo.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Airing from 1989 to 2008, the show featured Francesa and Russo talking sports and taking phone calls from listeners.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ From 2002 onwards, the show was simulcast on television on the YES Network.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ On the radio, the show was simulcast beginning 2007 on WQYK in Tampa, Florida and from 2004 until 2007 on WROW in Albany, New York.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ Before Francesa and Russo were paired, Russo was an overnight/weekend and fill-in host.", "Mike and the Mad Dog __knowledge__ He caught the attention of Don Imus, who was impressed with his vibrant personality and brought Russo onto the \"Imus in the Morning\" show as its sports reporter.", "Chemical Warfare Brigade __knowledge__ Chemical Warfare Brigade is a rock opera created by Marc Brownstein of the trance fusion band The Disco Biscuits.", "Chemical Warfare Brigade __knowledge__ It was written during Marc Brownstein's dismissal from the band and was debuted by Electron.", "Chemical Warfare Brigade __knowledge__ Since the Disco Biscuits rarely play a full Chemical Warfare Brigade, Disco Biscuits fans are lucky to catch a complete Chemical Warfare Brigade performance.", "Chemical Warfare Brigade __knowledge__ Their most recent full performance of the Chemical Warfare Brigade was played on December 31, 2013 at the Theater at Madison Square Garden.", "Chemical Warfare Brigade __knowledge__ The Chemical Warfare Brigade Opera has been performed ten times in its entirety.", "Chemical Warfare Brigade __knowledge__ The first performances were by Electron on August 18, 2000.", "The Driver __knowledge__ The Driver is a 1978 American neo-noir crime thriller film written and directed by Walter Hill.", "The Driver __knowledge__ It stars Ryan O'Neal, Bruce Dern and Isabelle Adjani.", "The Driver __knowledge__ The Driver (Ryan O'Neal) - real name unknown - is a quiet man who has made a career out of stealing fast cars and using them as getaway vehicles in big-time robberies all over Los Angeles.", "The Driver __knowledge__ Hot on the Driver's trail is the Detective (Bruce Dern), a conceited (and similarly nameless) cop who refers to the Driver as \"Cowboy.\"", "The Driver __knowledge__ The Player (Isabelle Adjani), a beautiful, mysterious woman, witnesses the Driver speeding away from a casino robbery, but denies having seen him when questioned by the police.", "Changes (The Monkees album) __knowledge__ Changes is the ninth studio album by the Monkees.", "Changes (The Monkees album) __knowledge__ The album was issued after Michael Nesmith's exit from the band, leaving only Micky Dolenz and Davy Jones to fulfill the recording contract they signed in the mid-1960s.", "Changes (The Monkees album) __knowledge__ \"Changes\" was their last new album for Colgems Records and the group's last album of all new material until 1987's \"Pool It\".", "Changes (The Monkees album) __knowledge__ The album's title had originally been considered for the Monkees' movie (released in 1968), and a song with that title (cowritten by Jones with Steve Pitts) had been recorded.", "Changes (The Monkees album) __knowledge__ The movie was retitled \"Head\", however, and the song was shelved, remaining unreleased until the 1990s.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ The fictional Marvel Comics superhero Spider-Man, who debuted in 1962, is well known for his unique superhuman abilities as depicted in the comics and other media.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ He receives most of his powers when he is bitten by a radioactive common house spider.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ He uses his technical skill to develop equipment and weapons to complement his powers, and wears a number of costumes, many of which have special properties.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ When Peter Parker was bitten by an irradiated spider, radioactive mutagenic enzymes in the spider's venom quickly caused numerous body-wide changes.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ Immediately after the bite, he was granted his original powers: primarily superhuman strength, reflexes, and balance; the ability to cling tenaciously to most surfaces; and a subconscious ability to sense everything in his surroundings, which he called a \"spider-sense\".", "Spanish personal pronouns __knowledge__ Spanish personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject (nominative), a direct object (accusative), an indirect object (dative), or a reflexive object.", "Spanish personal pronouns __knowledge__ Several pronouns further have special forms used after prepositions.", "Spanish personal pronouns __knowledge__ Spanish is a pro-drop language with respect to subject pronouns.", "Spanish personal pronouns __knowledge__ Like French and other languages with the T-V distinction, modern Spanish has a distinction in its second person pronouns that has no equivalent in modern English.", "Spanish personal pronouns __knowledge__ Object pronouns are generally proclitic, and non-emphatic clitic doubling is most often found with dative clitics.", "Spanish personal pronouns __knowledge__ The personal pronoun \"vos\" is spoken in Latin American, between Central America, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, the Andean regions of Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador and Colombia and the Venezuelan state of Zulia.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ Cahuachi, in Peru, was a major ceremonial center of the Nazca culture, based from 1 AD to about 500 AD in the coastal area of the Central Andes.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ It overlooked some of the Nazca lines.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ The Italian archaeologist Giuseppe Orefici has been excavating at the site for the past few decades.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ The site contains over 40 mounds topped with adobe structures.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ The huge architectural complex covers 0.6 sq.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ miles (1.5 km).The American archeologist Helaine Silverman has also conducted long term, multi-stage research and written about the full context of Nazca society at Cahuachi, published in a lengthy study in 1993.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ The species Tyrannosaurus rex (\"rex\" meaning \"king\" in Latin) is one of the most well-represented of the large theropods.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ \"Tyrannosaurus\" lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ \"Tyrannosaurus\" had a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 68 to 66 million years ago.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ It was the last known member of the tyrannosaurids, and among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "Bone __knowledge__ A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure.", "Bone __knowledge__ They are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple functions.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bone tissue (osseous tissue) is a hard tissue, a type of dense connective tissue.", "Bone __knowledge__ It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bone tissue is made up of different types of bone cells." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Crochet __knowledge__ (Variant forms such as Tunisian crochet and broomstick lace keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.)", "Crochet __knowledge__ The word crochet is derived from the Old French \"crochet\", a diminutive of \"croche\", in turn from the Germanic \"croc\", both meaning \"hook\".", "Crochet __knowledge__ It was used in 17th-century French lace making, \"crochetage\" designating a stitch used to join separate pieces of lace, and \"crochet\" subsequently designating both a specific type of fabric and the hooked needle used to produce it.", "Crochet __knowledge__ Although the fabric is not known to be crochet in the present sense, a genealogical relationship between the techniques sharing that name appears likely.", "Captain Hook __knowledge__ Captain James Hook is a fictional character, the antagonist of J. M. Barrie's play \"Peter Pan; or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\" and its various adaptations, in which he is Peter Pan's archenemy.", "Captain Hook __knowledge__ The character is a pirate captain of the brig \"Jolly Roger\"; Barrie identifies him as Blackbeard's former bo'sun.", "Captain Hook __knowledge__ His two principal fears are the sight of his own blood (supposedly an unnatural colour) and the crocodile who pursues him after eating the hand cut off by Pan.", "Captain Hook __knowledge__ An iron hook replaced his severed hand, which gave the pirate his name.", "Captain Hook __knowledge__ After getting a taste of Hook, the crocodile pursues him relentlessly, but the ticking clock it has swallowed warns Hook of its presence.", "Spinnerbait __knowledge__ A spinnerbait refers to any one of a family of fishing lures that get their name from one or more metal blades shaped so as to spin like a propeller when the lure is in motion, creating varying degrees of flash and vibration that mimics small fish or other prey.", "Spinnerbait __knowledge__ The two most popular types of spinnerbaits are the 'in-line spinner' and 'safety pin' spinnerbaits, though others such as the 'tail-spinner' also exist.", "Spinnerbait __knowledge__ Spinnerbaits are used principally for catching predatory fish such as perch, pike and bass.", "Spinnerbait __knowledge__ Spinnerbaits attract predatory fish primarily by activating a special sense organ called the lateral line system through the spinning blade.", "Little Thetford flesh-hook __knowledge__ The Little Thetford flesh-hook is a late Bronze-age (1150950 BC) artefact discovered in 1929 in Little Thetford, near Ely, Cambridgeshire, England.", "Little Thetford flesh-hook __knowledge__ A flesh-hook is a metal hook with a long handle used to pull meat out of a pot or hides out of tan-pits.", "Little Thetford flesh-hook __knowledge__ This particular find is one of 32 other such archaeologically significant finds, scatters, and excavations within of Little Thetford.", "Little Thetford flesh-hook __knowledge__ The artefact was found by a Mr. Dresser, whilst digging a ditch on reclaimed fenland, at Little Thetford in 1929.", "Little Thetford flesh-hook __knowledge__ Discovered about down, it consisted of two-parts, connected by the remains of a wooden shaft.", "Little Thetford flesh-hook __knowledge__ The wood remains have not survived; a contemporary wooden shaft has been added by the British Museum for display purposes.", "Bible quiz __knowledge__ Bible Quiz, also known as Bible Bowl, is a competition between teams (often representing individual churches) over knowledge of a pre-determined section of the Bible.", "Bible quiz __knowledge__ Various Protestant denominations, plus a handful of independent groups, sponsor these competitions.", "Bible quiz __knowledge__ All of them take the form of a quick-recall game, similar to those used in many American schools but instead using the Bible as the subject of study and questions.", "Bible quiz __knowledge__ Organizations which use the name \"Bible Bowl\" lean toward the format established by television's \"College Bowl\" in the 1950s.", "Bible quiz __knowledge__ All groups feature teams competing to be the first to \"buzz in\" using an electronic lockout device, much like those still used in TV game shows such as \"Jeopardy!\"", "Hook (hand tool) __knowledge__ A hook is a hand tool used for securing and moving loads.", "Hook (hand tool) __knowledge__ It consists of a round wooden handle with a strong metal hook about 8\" long projecting at a right angle from the center of the handle.", "Hook (hand tool) __knowledge__ The appliance is held in a closed fist with the hook projecting between two fingers.", "Hook (hand tool) __knowledge__ This type of hook is used in many different industries, and has many different names.", "Hook (hand tool) __knowledge__ It may be called a box hook, cargo hook, loading hook, docker's hook when used by longshoremen, and a baling hook, bale hook, or hay hook in the agricultural industry.", "Hook (hand tool) __knowledge__ Other variants exist, such as in forestry, for moving logs, and a type with a long shaft, used by city workers to remove manhole covers.", "Saw Kill (Hudson River tributary) __knowledge__ The Saw Kill is a tributary of the Hudson River, called the Metambesem by the Algonquin people of the area and sometimes called Sawkill Creek today.", "Saw Kill (Hudson River tributary) __knowledge__ It rises in the town of Milan and drains a area of northwestern Dutchess County, New York, that includes most of the town of Red Hook to the west and part of Rhinebeck to Red Hook's south.", "Saw Kill (Hudson River tributary) __knowledge__ It flows predominantly through forests and farmland.", "Saw Kill (Hudson River tributary) __knowledge__ Just above its mouth, it descends more steeply through a wooded area with several waterfalls into South Tivoli Bay, between the Montgomery Place estate and Bard College, which uses the stream as both its primary water source and for disposal of its treated wastewater.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ A crochet hook (or crochet needle) is an implement used to make loops in thread or yarn and to interlock them into crochet stitches.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ It is basically a round shaft pointed on one end, with a lateral groove behind it.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ The point eases the insertion of the hook through the material being crocheted and the groove makes it possible to pull a loop back through the material.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ The shaft is then divided into a working area that determines the hook's nominal diameter and ensures the uniform sizing of the loops formed on it, and a handle.", "Crochet hook __knowledge__ Crochet appeared as a distinct textile art during the early 19th-century and many crochet hooks survive from that period.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread is specially formulated thread usually made from mercerized cotton for crafting decorative crochet items such as doilies or filet crochet.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread produces fabric of fine gauge that may be stiffened with starch.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread is almost always produced from cotton and has a denser pile and smaller diameter than ordinary yarn.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Most crochet threads are thicker in diameter than sewing thread.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet thread can withstand considerable stresses from pulls with sharp hooks.", "Crochet thread __knowledge__ Crochet manufacturing conventions treat thread and yarn quite differently: manufacturers designate different sizing scales for thread and yarn.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of intermeshing of loops.", "Knitting __knowledge__ As each row progresses, a newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row, placed on the gaining needle, and the loops from the prior row are then pulled off the other needle.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Different types of yarns (fibre type, texture, and twist), needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, look, water resistance, and/or integrity)." ] ]

[ 3, 17, 18, 4, 69 ]

[ "I love to crochet! I didn't realize that the name was derived from the French term meaning \"small hook\"", "I always thought I could maybe make my own since it's basically just a round stick pointed on one end with a groove behind it", "That would make sense since bones are lightweight while still being strong and hard", "Neither did I until you mentioned it lol Apparently people crochet with metals and wood and plastic as well", "I know what you mean, I wonder if they have crochet machines like they have knitting machines?" ]

[ "Crochet", "Crochet", "Crochet", "Crochet", "Crochet" ]

[ "Surfing\nSurfing seems so fun but I haven't tried it before.", "Really? What was the purpose back then?", "Oh okay, I thought it might be for some weird hunting back then.", "Oh yeah, like the music in the mid 1900's about surfing in California and all that.", "Oh really? How can they do that?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing is a low-key movement started by longtime surfer, Peter Cuming, in 1995 with surf elders Rob Conneelly, Nat Young and surf artist Roscoe Kermode.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing was established as an initiative to promote the traditions of free surfing, respect for the ocean, the land and indigenous and local cultures wherever surfers are and travel, fostering community spirit and an harmonious relationship with the natural environment.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ These key messages are shared and encouraged in the water amongst surfers and through other opportunities such as festivals, forums, gatherings and local surfing communities.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing is the sport of surfing either standing waves or tidal bores in rivers.", "River surfing __knowledge__ Claims for its origins include a 1955 ride of 1.5 miles along the tidal bore of the River Severn.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing on standing waves has been documented as far back as the early-1970s in Munich, Germany, today offering the world's largest urban surfing spot.", "River surfing __knowledge__ In this type of river surfing, the wave is stationary on the river, caused by a high volume of water constricted by flowing over a rock and creating a wave behind.", "River surfing __knowledge__ It is a form of hydraulic jump.", "River surfing __knowledge__ A river surfer can face up-stream and catch this wave and have the feeling of traveling fast over water while not actually moving.", "Train surfing __knowledge__ Train surfing (also known as train hopping or train hitching) is the act of riding on the outside of a moving train, tram or another rail transport.", "Train surfing __knowledge__ In a number of countries, the term train hopping is often confused with the term freight hopping, which means riding on the outside of a freight train, while train surfing can be practiced on any type of train.", "Train surfing __knowledge__ This type of travelling can be dangerous and even life-threatening, because there is a risk of death or serious injury from falling off a moving train, electrocution from power supply (overhead catenary wire, current collectors, resistors, etc." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ Purpose is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer and songwriter Justin Bieber.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ It was released on November 13, 2015 by Def Jam Recordings and School Boy Records.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ It serves as the follow-up to Bieber's third studio album \"Believe\" (2012), and it was developed after the release of his collection \"Journals\" (2013), which saw him in a more R&B direction.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ The album was created over a period of two years, in which Bieber struggled to find a musical direction for recording, scrapping each of these tracks many times.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ The album features guest vocals from Travis Scott, Big Sean and Halsey, and production help from Skrillex and Diplo.", "Armando Allen __knowledge__ Armando Allen, Jr. (born April 30, 1989) is a former American football running back.", "Armando Allen __knowledge__ He was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent in 2011.", "Armando Allen __knowledge__ He played college football at Notre Dame.", "Armando Allen __knowledge__ He is currently an assistant coach at Texas Southern University.", "Armando Allen __knowledge__ Allen played high school football at Hialeah-Miami Lakes High School in Hialeah, Florida.", "Armando Allen __knowledge__ A preseason fractured fibula ended his 2006 senior season before it ever began.", "Armando Allen __knowledge__ However, he rushed for 1,095 yards and 12 TDs as junior in 2005, despite missing three games to injury.", "Armando Allen __knowledge__ He was selected for 2007 U.S. Army All-American Bowl in San Antonio but did not participate because of his injury.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ Javon Eugene Ringer (born February 2, 1987) is an American football running back who last played for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL).", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ He played college football for Michigan State University, and was drafted in the fifth round of the 2009 NFL draft.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ Ringer attended Chaminade-Julienne High School where he set school and state records.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ In college, he achieved many awards.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ In 2005, he earned honorable mention Freshman All-America status from \"The Sporting News\".", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ He was also named to \"The Sporting News\" Big Ten All-Freshman Team.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ In 2006, he earned the Biggie Munn Award, an award given to the team's most inspirational player.", "Maurice Jones-Drew __knowledge__ Maurice Christopher Jones-Drew (born March 23, 1985) is a former American football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons.", "Maurice Jones-Drew __knowledge__ He played college football at UCLA and received consensus All-American recognition.", "Maurice Jones-Drew __knowledge__ Jones-Drew was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft, 60th overall, was named to the Pro Bowl three times, and led the NFL in rushing yards in 2011.", "Maurice Jones-Drew __knowledge__ He played his first eight seasons with the Jaguars, through 2013.", "Maurice Jones-Drew __knowledge__ In his final season in 2014, he played for the Oakland Raiders.", "Maurice Jones-Drew __knowledge__ Following his retirement, Jones-Drew entered broadcasting, serving as a football color analyst for \"NFL Now\" and other shows on NFL Network.", "Kory Sheets __knowledge__ Kory Gerren Sheets (born March 31, 1985) is a former American running back.", "Kory Sheets __knowledge__ He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2009.", "Kory Sheets __knowledge__ He played college football at Purdue.", "Kory Sheets __knowledge__ Sheets was also a member of the Miami Dolphins, Carolina Panthers and Oakland Raiders of the NFL and the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League Sheets holds the professional football (NFL and CFL) number two spot for the most yards gained in a championship game, second only to Timmy Smith who gained 204 yards in Super Bowl XXII on January 31, 1988.", "Kory Sheets __knowledge__ Sheets gained 197 yards in the 101st Grey Cup surpassing the previous professional football number two spot of 191 yards by NFL Hall of Famer, Marcus Allen in Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984.", "Christian McCaffrey __knowledge__ Christian Jackson McCaffrey (born June 7, 1996) is an American football running back and return specialist for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL).", "Christian McCaffrey __knowledge__ He played college football at Stanford, and was drafted by the Panthers with the eighth overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft.", "Christian McCaffrey __knowledge__ As a sophomore in 2015, McCaffrey was the AP College Football Player of the Year and the runner-up for the Heisman Trophy.", "Christian McCaffrey __knowledge__ He holds the NCAA record for most all-purpose yards in a season with 3,864.", "Christian McCaffrey __knowledge__ He is the son of former Stanford and NFL wide receiver Ed McCaffrey and former Stanford soccer star Lisa McCaffrey, who is the daughter of U.S. Olympian Dave Sime.", "Alvin Kamara __knowledge__ Alvin Mentian Kamara (born July 25, 1995) is an American football running back for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL).", "Alvin Kamara __knowledge__ He played college football for the University of Tennessee and was drafted by the Saints in the third round of the 2017 NFL Draft.", "Alvin Kamara __knowledge__ Born to a Liberian mother, Kamara attended Norcross High School in Norcross, Georgia.", "Alvin Kamara __knowledge__ He played high school football for the Blue Devils football team.", "Alvin Kamara __knowledge__ As a junior in 2011, he rushed for 1,300 yards with 17 touchdowns.", "Alvin Kamara __knowledge__ As a senior in 2012, he rushed for 2,264 yards with 26 touchdowns, and he had 22 receptions for 286 yards and five touchdowns and led his high school to its first state championship.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\".", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Escape from Scorpion Island (series 3) __knowledge__ Escape from Scorpion Island is a Bafta nominated BBC children's TV adventure game show in which contestants compete to 'escape from an exotic island'.", "Escape from Scorpion Island (series 3) __knowledge__ Series 3 was produced by Foundation/Freehand for CBBC and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.", "Escape from Scorpion Island (series 3) __knowledge__ Series three premiered on 5 April 2009 on CBBC and on 9 March 2009 on ABC1.", "Escape from Scorpion Island (series 3) __knowledge__ The series will often repeat on ABC3 along with Series two.", "Escape from Scorpion Island (series 3) __knowledge__ This series was hosted by JK and Joel.", "Escape from Scorpion Island (series 3) __knowledge__ This series was filmed at Mission Beach in far North Queensland (near Tully and Townsville) in 2008.", "Escape from Scorpion Island (series 3) __knowledge__ All episodes in this series were one hour long on Sundays at 9:00 am on CBBC." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ Ookla the Mok is a filk band fronted by Rand Bellavia and Adam English.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ The two met as undergraduates while attending Houghton College in 1988.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ The band is named after a character from the Ruby-Spears Productions cartoon \"Thundarr the Barbarian\", created by Steve Gerber.", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ They provided the theme song to Disney's \"Fillmore!", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ \", and scored the feature film \"Bite Me, Fanboy!\"", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ They have won four Pegasus Awards for excellence in filk music, and the 2014 Logan Award for Outstanding Original Comedy Song (\"Mwahaha\").", "Ookla the Mok (band) __knowledge__ Ookla the Mok had the most requested song on Dr. Demento's syndicated radio show in both 2012 (\"Tantric Yoda\") and 2013.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Weird Tales is an American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine founded by J. C. Henneberger and J. M. Lansinger in March 1923.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first editor, Edwin Baird, printed early work by H. P. Lovecraft, Seabury Quinn, and Clark Ashton Smith, all of whom would go on to be popular writers, but within a year the magazine was in financial trouble.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Henneberger sold his interest in the publisher, Rural Publishing Corporation, to Lansinger and refinanced \"Weird Tales\", with Farnsworth Wright as the new editor.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first issue under Wright's control was dated November 1924.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The magazine was more successful under Wright, and despite occasional financial setbacks it prospered over the next fifteen years.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ In 2000 and 2003, the professional explorer, Phil Buck, led international teams across the Pacific Ocean from South America to Easter Island via two separate ancient style reed rafts.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ Both vessels were constructed in their entirety from only four Andean materials; totora reeds, natural fiber rope, cotton sails and wood.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ No one in recorded history has been able to reach the most isolated populated island in the world aboard an any ancient style vessel of any kind.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ The Viracocha expeditions proved that ancient South American mariners could have been the first to discover Easter Island.", "The Viracocha expedition __knowledge__ Who first reached the island and carved the numerous stone monoliths (or Moai) still remains one of antiquities greatest mysteries and has baffled the scientific community for centuries.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ \"Loveline\" has frequent games and traditions in which phone callers, guests, and the hosts participate.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Most of the games and traditions come and leave with their respective hosts.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Engineer Anderson Cowan is fond of splicing up phrases Drew, Adam, Stryker, and guests have uttered on previous shows and \"dropping\" them into new shows mid-call, to the confusion of callers and amusement of seasoned listeners.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Some favorites are: Some of the Drew Drops were set to music in the \"Dr. Drew Shuffle\" and the later \"Dr. Drew Boogie.\"", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ There are some other drops taken from a skit on the television show \"Crank Yankers\".", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii ( ; ) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii is the only U.S. state located outside North America.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over .", "Hawaii __knowledge__ At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast: Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lānai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaii.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Ancient Hawaii __knowledge__ Ancient Hawaii is the period of Hawaiian human history preceding the unification in 1810 of the Kingdom of Hawaii by Kamehameha the Great.", "Ancient Hawaii __knowledge__ Researchers had based their estimates of first settlement by Polynesian long-distance navigators sometime between 300 and 800.", "Ancient Hawaii __knowledge__ In 2010, a study was published based on radiocarbon dating of more reliable samples and it suggests that the islands were settled much later, within a short timeframe, in c. 1219–1266.", "Ancient Hawaii __knowledge__ The islands in Eastern Polynesia have been characterized by the continuities among their cultures, and the short migration period would be an explanation of this result.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Cuisine of Hawaii __knowledge__ The cuisine of Hawaii incorporates five distinct styles of food reflecting the diverse food history of settlement and immigration in the Hawaiian Islands.", "Cuisine of Hawaii __knowledge__ In the pre-contact period of Ancient Hawaii (300 AD–1778), Polynesian voyagers brought plants and animals to the Islands.", "Cuisine of Hawaii __knowledge__ As Native Hawaiians settled the area, they fished, raised taro for \"poi\", planted coconuts, sugarcane, sweet potatoes and yams, and cooked meat and fish in earth ovens.", "Cuisine of Hawaii __knowledge__ After first contact in 1778, European and American cuisine arrived along with missionaries and whalers, who introduced their own foods and built large sugarcane plantations.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is a single released in 1985 by the Swiss band Yello and featured on their album \"Stella\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song features a mix of electronic music and manipulated vocals.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song gained popularity after being featured in the films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and \"The Secret of My Success\", among other films.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It has become an iconic anthem of the 1980s, and used to metaphorically represent lust (in various forms) and cocaine.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It is a popular staple in movies, television and commercials.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Its 1987 re-released version features the extra lyrics: \"such a good time / a really good time\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Describing the composition of \"Oh Yeah,\" Blank said, \"First I did the music and then I invited Dieter to sing along, and he came up with some lines which I thought, 'no Dieter, it's too complicated, we don't need that many lyrics'.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ Stella is the fourth studio album by the Swiss electronic band Yello, first released in Germany, Switzerland and Austria on 29 January 1985, and in the UK and US in March 1985.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ It was the first album made by the band without founder member Carlos Perón, and with his departure the remaining duo of Boris Blank and Dieter Meier began to move away from experimental electronic sounds towards a more commercial synthpop and cinematic soundtrack style.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ As well as becoming the first album ever by a Swiss group to top the Swiss album chart, it was the band's breakthrough album internationally, helped by the success of the song \"Oh Yeah\", which gained the band worldwide attention the following year after it was prominently featured in the 1986 film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and then a year later in \"The Secret of My Success\".", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ Oh Yeah is a music centre located in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in the Cathedral Quarter.", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ It was founded primarily to support young talented musicians and bands from Northern Ireland and its huge and growing music scene by providing help and promotion, technical equipment for rehearsing, recording, gigs and event organisation, performing space and releases of band compilations (\"Oh Yeah Sessions\").", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ The Oh Yeah music centre's genres are varying in its manifoldness of Alternative rock, Indie rock, Electronica, Post rock, Post punk, Crossover, Experimental rock and further musical stylistic ways and conceptions.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ \"Sexy\" is the fifteenth episode of the second season of the American musical comedy-drama television series \"Glee\", and the thirty-seventh episode overall.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ It was written by Brad Falchuk, directed by Ryan Murphy, and first aired on the Fox network on March 8, 2011.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ The episode mainly revolves around the topics of sex and adolescent sexuality.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ In it, Holly Holliday (Gwyneth Paltrow) returns to McKinley High School as a substitute teacher in a class devoted to sex education.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ Glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) begins to develop feelings for Holly, and guidance counselor and celibacy club advisor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays) is less than pleased with Holly's lessons.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ MBLAQ (, ; an acronym for Music Boys Live in Absolute Quality) is a South Korean boy group created by South Korean entertainer Rain under J.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ Tune Camp.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ The group consists of Seungho, G.O, and Mir, and formerly Lee Joon and Thunder.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ The group debuted on October 15, 2009, at Rain's Legend of Rainism concert.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ On October 14, 2009, the group released their debut single album, \"Just BLAQ\", which topped various online and offline music charts in South Korea.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ The group then released their first extended play album \"Y\" on May 19, 2010, and on January 10, 2011, MBLAQ released their first studio album, \"BLAQ Style\".", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is the first single from Trinidadian American female hip-hop artist Foxy Brown's third album \"Broken Silence\".", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" was officially released on May 4, 2001 in the United States.", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ Initially, it was released through the mixtape circuit in late 2000 with alternate lyrics- most notably on Foxy Brown's \"Best Of Foxy Brown\" mixtape in 2000, hosted by DJ Envy.", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ The single was unsuccessful, receiving little airplay on urban radio stations (though popular on New York City and the upper East Coast urban stations) and little video rotation on MTV, though it was slightly more successful on BET.", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ Oh Yeah!", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ Cartoons is an American animation showcase that appeared on the Nickelodeon cable network, who which was created and guided by Fred Seibert, former Creative Director of MTV Networks and President of Hanna-Barbera.", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ Produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio and Frederator Incorporated, it ran as part of Nickelodeon's Nicktoons lineup, and, in its second season, was hosted by Kenan Thompson of \"All That\" and \"Kenan & Kel\" fame; followed later by Josh Server, also from \"All That\", for its third season.", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ Bill Burnett composed the show's theme music.", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ In terms of sheer volume, \"Oh Yeah!", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ Cartoons\" remains TV's biggest animation development program ever.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ Smile (sometimes stylized as SMiLE) was a projected album by American rock band the Beach Boys intended to follow their 11th studio album, \"Pet Sounds\" (1966).", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ After bandleader Brian Wilson abandoned large portions of music recorded over a ten-month period, the band substituted its release with \"Smiley Smile\" (1967), an album containing stripped-down remakes of some \"Smile\" material.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ Some of the original \"Smile\" tracks eventually found their way onto subsequent Beach Boys' studio and compilation albums.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ As more fans learned of the project's origins, details of its recordings acquired considerable mystique, and it was later acknowledged as the most legendary unreleased album in the history of popular music.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing is a low-key movement started by longtime surfer, Peter Cuming, in 1995 with surf elders Rob Conneelly, Nat Young and surf artist Roscoe Kermode.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing was established as an initiative to promote the traditions of free surfing, respect for the ocean, the land and indigenous and local cultures wherever surfers are and travel, fostering community spirit and an harmonious relationship with the natural environment.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ These key messages are shared and encouraged in the water amongst surfers and through other opportunities such as festivals, forums, gatherings and local surfing communities.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Biarritz __knowledge__ Biarritz (; or \"\" ; Gascon ) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in southwestern France.", "Biarritz __knowledge__ It is located from the border with Spain.", "Biarritz __knowledge__ It is a luxurious seaside tourist destination known for the Hôtel du Palais (originally built for the Empress Eugénie \"circa\" 1855), its casinos and its surfing culture.", "Biarritz __knowledge__ Biarritz is located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.", "Biarritz __knowledge__ It is adjacent to Bayonne and Anglet and from the border with Spain.", "Biarritz __knowledge__ It is in the traditional province of Labourd in the French Basque Country." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Blaine Devon Anderson is a fictional character from the American musical comedy-drama television series \"Glee\".", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Played by Darren Criss, Blaine was introduced in the sixth episode of the second season as the openly gay lead singer of the Dalton Academy Warblers, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Blaine initially served as a mentor for New Directions member Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer).", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Chemistry between the two, combined with fan support for the couple, led series co-creator Ryan Murphy to pair them romantically.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Their relationship has been well received by critics, and they have been named \"one of the most beloved TV couples of the millennium\" by Jarett Wieselman of the \"New York Post\".", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ Take It From Here (often referred to as TIFH, pronounced — and sometimes humorously spelt — \"TIFE\") is a British radio comedy programme broadcast by the BBC between 1948 and 1960.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ It was written by Frank Muir and Denis Norden, and starred Jimmy Edwards, Dick Bentley and Joy Nichols.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ When Nichols moved to New York City in 1953, she was replaced by June Whitfield and Alma Cogan.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ The show is perhaps most famous for introducing \"The Glums\".", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ Through \"TIFH\" Muir and Norden reinvented British post-war radio comedy — amongst other influences, it was one of the first shows with a significant segment consisting of parody of film and book styles, later used extensively in programmes such as \"Round the Horne\" and many television programmes.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ \"I Am Unicorn\" is the second episode of the third season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the forty-sixth overall.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ The episode was written by series co-creator Ryan Murphy, directed by series co-creator Brad Falchuk, and first aired on September 27, 2011 on Fox in the United States.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ It features the return of Shelby Corcoran (Idina Menzel) to the show to direct a rival glee club at William McKinley High even while New Directions, the current club, is having trouble recruiting members.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ Shelby also wants Quinn (Dianna Agron) and Puck (Mark Salling), the biological parents of her adopted daughter Beth, to be a part of Beth's life.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The songs and yells of the University of Trinity College in the University of Toronto are diverse.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ Many of the songs seem archaic and bizarre to outsiders, but are a cherished part of daily life in the college, and are of diverse and often obscure origins.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The predominant sources are twofold: some are inherited directly from the Oxbridge universities in England, while many of the more recent have their roots in periods and events in Trinity's own history.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The college song, Met'Agona Stephanos, has been rewritten so many times that it now includes both Greek and Latin verses.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The first Latin verse, Nimium Cervisi, was an epinikion, a victory ode sung after the annual steeplechase run on St. Simon and St. Jude's Day, the 28th of October.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Tom Traubert's Blues __knowledge__ \"Tom Traubert's Blues (Four Sheets to the Wind in Copenhagen)\" (commonly known as \"Tom Traubert's Blues\" and sometimes, incorrectly, as \"Waltzing Matilda\") is a song by American rock musician Tom Waits.", "Tom Traubert's Blues __knowledge__ It is the opening track on Waits' third studio album \"Small Change\", released in September 1976 on Asylum Records.", "Tom Traubert's Blues __knowledge__ Written by Waits and produced by Bones Howe, the song's chorus is derived from the Australian folk song \"Waltzing Matilda\" and its lyrics narrate alcohol abuse, inspired by Waits' own experiences in Los Angeles and Copenhagen.", "Tom Traubert's Blues __knowledge__ The song is considered one of Waits' signature songs and was described by Howe as \"the work of an extremely talented lyricist\".", "Gerti Daub __knowledge__ Gerti Daub Hollmann (born 1937 in Utrecht, Netherlands) is a German esthetician, model and actress.", "Gerti Daub __knowledge__ Crowned Miss Germany of 1957, she is probably most famous for being the girl who many thought should have won the scandal-plagued 1957 Miss Universe contest but didn't.", "Gerti Daub __knowledge__ The 1957 Miss Universe Pageant was beset by a number of serious scandals, not just the judges' failure to select Miss Germany, the popular favorite, as Miss Universe.", "Gerti Daub __knowledge__ Daub, a 19-year-old, 5' 6½\" green-eyed blonde from Hamburg, was crowned Miss Hamburg in May, 1957.", "Gerti Daub __knowledge__ The next month she won the Miss Germany title and just four days later placed third in the Miss Europe competition.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ A surf ski is a long, narrow, lightweight kayak with an open (sit-on-top) cockpit, usually with a foot pedal controlled rudder.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ There are two types of surf skis, the spec ski and the ocean ski.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The spec ski is the traditional craft used by surf life saving clubs and must adhere to strict size and weight.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The ocean ski on the other hand is typically a longer craft with a deeper cockpit.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The Spec ski is designed tougher and with more rocker to manoeuvre in and out of the wave zone.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The ocean ski is made for long-distance ocean paddling and is usually raced downwind with the swells.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ Typically 5.0-6.0 metres(16½-21 ft) long and only 40–50 cm (16-20\") wide, surf skis are extremely fast when paddled on flat water (only an Olympic K1 or K2 kayak is faster) and the fastest paddled craft available over a long distance on ocean swells.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Kayak __knowledge__ A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word \"qajaq\" ().", "Kayak __knowledge__ The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The cockpit is sometimes covered by a spray deck that prevents the entry of water from waves or spray and makes it possible for suitably skilled kayakers to roll the kayak: that is, to capsize and right it without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler. ]", "Kayak __knowledge__ Some modern boats vary considerably from a traditional design but still claim the title \"kayak\", for instance in eliminating the cockpit by seating the paddler on top of the boat (\"sit-on-top\" kayaks); having inflated air chambers surrounding the boat; replacing the single hull by twin hulls, and replacing paddles with other human-powered propulsion methods, such as foot-powered rotational propellers and \"flippers\".", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ Plitvice Lakes National Park (, colloquial \"Plitvice\", ) is one of the oldest and the largest national park in Croatia.", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ In 1979, Plitvice Lakes National Park was added to the UNESCO World Heritage register.", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ The national park was founded in 1949 and is situated in the mountainous karst area of central Croatia, at the border to Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ The important north-south road connection, which passes through the national park area, connects the Croatian inland with the Adriatic coastal region.", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ The protected area extends over .", "Plitvice Lakes National Park __knowledge__ About 90% of this area is part of Lika-Senj County, while the remaining 10% is part of Karlovac County." ] ]

[ 9, 53, 78, 2, 3 ]

[ "It is a lot of fun. People have been surfing in one form or another since humans started swimming in the sea", "I am sure it was just for fun. Standing on a board was attributed to the Polynesians. Basically surfing comes from ancient Hawaii", "Perhaps, but not from what I have heard. Surfing culture has influenced music, art and fashion over the years", "Yes. It is interesting that people can actually surf in rivers and lakes too", "Some people surf on waves made by the wakes of boats. " ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing" ]

[ "Iron supplement", "Hi there! Really? What a coincidence. I love healthy eating, too!", "That's interesting. How were you inspired by the First Lady, Michelle Obama?", "Oh! That must have been an interesting speech. Did she recommend any foods?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Iron supplements, also known as iron salts and iron pills, are a number of iron formulations used to treat and prevent iron deficiency including iron deficiency anemia.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ For prevention they are only recommended in those with poor absorption, heavy menstrual periods, pregnancy, hemodialysis, or a diet low in iron.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Prevention may also be used in low birth weight babies.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ They are taken by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ While benefits may be seen in days up to two months may be required until iron levels return to normal.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Common side effects include constipation, abdominal pain, dark stools, and diarrhea.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Other side effects, which may occur with excessive use, include iron overload and iron toxicity.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Ferrous salts used as supplements by mouth include ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous succinate, and ferrous sulfate.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Injectable forms include iron dextran and iron sucrose.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ They work by providing the iron needed for making red blood cells.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Iron has been used medically since at least 1681 with an easy to use formulation being created in 1832.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Iron supplements, also known as iron salts and iron pills, are a number of iron formulations used to treat and prevent iron deficiency including iron deficiency anemia.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ For prevention they are only recommended in those with poor absorption, heavy menstrual periods, pregnancy, hemodialysis, or a diet low in iron.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Prevention may also be used in low birth weight babies.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ They are taken by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ While benefits may be seen in days up to two months may be required until iron levels return to normal.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Common side effects include constipation, abdominal pain, dark stools, and diarrhea.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Other side effects, which may occur with excessive use, include iron overload and iron toxicity.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Ferrous salts used as supplements by mouth include ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous succinate, and ferrous sulfate.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Injectable forms include iron dextran and iron sucrose.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ They work by providing the iron needed for making red blood cells.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Iron has been used medically since at least 1681 with an easy to use formulation being created in 1832.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.", "BC Healthy Living Alliance __knowledge__ The BC Healthy Living Alliance (BCHLA), formed in 2003, is the largest coalition of health leaders in British Columbia’s history.", "BC Healthy Living Alliance __knowledge__ Collectively, BCHLA members capture the attention of over 40,000 volunteers, 4,300 health and recreation professionals, and 184 local governments across British Columbia.", "BC Healthy Living Alliance __knowledge__ As a non-partisan advocacy group, the BCHLA works with government and holds them accountable to promote wellness and prevent chronic disease.", "BC Healthy Living Alliance __knowledge__ In 2006, after publishing \"The Winning Legacy\" advocacy paper, the Government of BC provided BCHLA with a $25 million grant to implement initiatives across the province that would support the achievement of the targets outlined in the paper.", "Orthorexia nervosa __knowledge__ Orthorexia nervosa (also known as orthorexia) is a proposed eating disorder characterized by an excessive preoccupation with eating healthy food.", "Orthorexia nervosa __knowledge__ The term was introduced in 1997 by American physician Steven Bratman, M.D.", "Orthorexia nervosa __knowledge__ He suggested that some people's dietary restrictions intended to promote health may paradoxically lead to unhealthy consequences, such as social isolation, anxiety, loss of ability to eat in a natural, intuitive manner, reduced interest in the full range of other healthy human activities, and, in rare cases, severe malnutrition or even death.", "Orthorexia nervosa __knowledge__ In 2009, Ursula Philpot, chair of the British Dietetic Association and senior lecturer at Leeds Metropolitan University, described people with orthorexia nervosa as being \"solely concerned with the quality of the food they put in their bodies, refining and restricting their diets according to their personal understanding of which foods are truly 'pure'.\"", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer and writer who was First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ She is married to the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama, and is the first African American First Lady.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ Raised on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, Obama is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School, and spent her early legal career working at the law firm Sidley Austin, where she met her husband.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ She subsequently worked as the Associate Dean of Student Services at the University of Chicago and the Vice President for Community and External Affairs of the University of Chicago Medical Center.", "Food desert __knowledge__ A food desert is an area, especially one with low-income residents, that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In contrast, an area with supermarkets or vegetable shops is termed a food oasis.", "Food desert __knowledge__ The term food desert considers the type and quality of food available to the population, in addition to the number, nature, and size of food stores that are accessible.", "Food desert __knowledge__ Food deserts are characterized by a lack of supermarkets which decreases residents’ access to fruits, vegetables and other whole foods.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In 2010, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported that 18 million Americans live in a food desert, meaning that they live more than one mile from a supermarket in urban or suburban areas, and more than 10 miles from a supermarket in rural areas.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ School meal programs in the United States provide school meals free of charge, or at a government-subsidized price, to U.S. students from low-income families.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ These free or subsidized meals have the potential to increase household food security, which can improve children's health and expand their educational opportunities.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ The biggest school meal program in the United States is the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), which was signed into law by President Harry S. Truman in 1946.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ Its purpose is to prevent malnutrition and provide a foundation for good nutritional health.", "School meal programs in the United States __knowledge__ The text of the National School Lunch Act, which established the program, called it a \"measure of national security, to safeguard the health and well-being of the nation's children and to encourage domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities\".", "Transtheoretical model __knowledge__ The transtheoretical model of behavior change is an integrative theory of therapy that assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual.", "Transtheoretical model __knowledge__ The model is composed of constructs such as: stages of change, processes of change, levels of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance.", "Transtheoretical model __knowledge__ The transtheoretical model is also known by the abbreviation \"TTM\" and sometimes by the term \"stages of change\", although this latter term is a synecdoche since the stages of change are only one part of the model along with processes of change, levels of change, etc.", "Let's Move! __knowledge__ Let's Move!", "Let's Move! __knowledge__ was a public health campaign in the United States, led by Michelle Obama, wife of then-President Barack Obama.", "Let's Move! __knowledge__ The campaign aims to reduce childhood obesity and encourage a healthy lifestyle in children.", "Let's Move! __knowledge__ The initiative has the initially stated goal of \"solving the challenge of childhood obesity within a generation so that children born today will reach adulthood at a healthy weight.\"", "Let's Move! __knowledge__ Let's Move seeks to decrease childhood obesity to 5% by 2030.", "Let's Move! __knowledge__ The campaign was announced on February 9, 2010 by Michelle Obama.", "Let's Move! __knowledge__ She indicated the campaign would encourage healthier food in schools, better food labeling and more physical activity for children.", "Freshman 15 __knowledge__ The term \"Freshman 15\" is an expression commonly used in the United States and Canada that refers to an amount (somewhat arbitrarily set at 15 pounds, and originally just 10) of weight gained during a student's first year at college.", "Freshman 15 __knowledge__ In Australia and New Zealand it is sometimes referred to as \"First Year Fatties\", \"Fresher Spread\", or \"Fresher Five\", the latter referring to a five-kilogram gain.", "Freshman 15 __knowledge__ The purported causes of this weight gain are increased alcohol intake and the consumption of fat and carbohydrate-rich cafeteria-style food in university dormitories and fast food in nearby restaurants.", "Healthy eating pyramid __knowledge__ The Healthy Eating Pyramid (alternately, Healthy Eating Plate) is a nutrition guide developed by the Harvard School of Public Health, suggesting quantities of each food category that a human should eat each day.", "Healthy eating pyramid __knowledge__ The healthy eating pyramid is intended to provide a sound eating guide than the widespread food guide pyramid created by the USDA.", "Healthy eating pyramid __knowledge__ The new pyramid aims to include more recent research in dietary health not present in the USDA's 1992 guide.", "Healthy eating pyramid __knowledge__ The original USDA pyramid has been criticized for not differentiating between refined grains and whole grains, between saturated fats and unsaturated fats, and for not placing enough emphasis on exercise and weight control.", "Prevention Institute __knowledge__ Prevention Institute (PI) is a non-profit national center located in Oakland, California dedicated to improving community health and well-being by building momentum for effective primary prevention.", "Prevention Institute __knowledge__ Its website describes its work as \"characterized by a strong commitment to community participation and promotion of equitable health outcomes among all social and economic groups.” PI's work, described generally under public health, is expansive and includes numerous areas/issues of focus, specifically: injury and preventing violence, traffic safety, health equities, nutrition and physical activity, and youth development." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Iron supplements, also known as iron salts and iron pills, are a number of iron formulations used to treat and prevent iron deficiency including iron deficiency anemia.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ For prevention they are only recommended in those with poor absorption, heavy menstrual periods, pregnancy, hemodialysis, or a diet low in iron.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Prevention may also be used in low birth weight babies.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ They are taken by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ While benefits may be seen in days up to two months may be required until iron levels return to normal.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Common side effects include constipation, abdominal pain, dark stools, and diarrhea.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Other side effects, which may occur with excessive use, include iron overload and iron toxicity.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Ferrous salts used as supplements by mouth include ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous succinate, and ferrous sulfate.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Injectable forms include iron dextran and iron sucrose.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ They work by providing the iron needed for making red blood cells.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Iron has been used medically since at least 1681 with an easy to use formulation being created in 1832.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer and writer who was First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ She is married to the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama, and is the first African American First Lady.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ Raised on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, Obama is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School, and spent her early legal career working at the law firm Sidley Austin, where she met her husband.", "Michelle Obama __knowledge__ She subsequently worked as the Associate Dean of Student Services at the University of Chicago and the Vice President for Community and External Affairs of the University of Chicago Medical Center.", "First inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The first inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States took place on Tuesday, January 20, 2009.", "First inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The inauguration, which set a record attendance for any event held in Washington, D.C., marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Barack Obama as President and Joe Biden as Vice President.", "First inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ Based on the combined attendance numbers, television viewership, and Internet traffic, it was among the most-observed events ever by the global audience.", "First inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ \"A New Birth of Freedom\", a phrase from the Gettysburg Address, served as the inaugural theme to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the birth year of Abraham Lincoln.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The family of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, and his wife Michelle Obama is made up of people of Kenyan (Luo), African-American, and Old Stock American (including originally English, Scotch-Irish, Welsh, German, and Swiss) ancestry.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ Their immediate family was the First Family of the United States from 2009 to 2017.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The Obamas are the first First Family of African-American descent.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ Michelle Obama, née Robinson, the wife of Barack Obama, was born on January 17, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ She is a lawyer and was a University of Chicago Hospital vice-president.", "Family of Barack Obama __knowledge__ She was the First Lady of the United States.", "Laura Bush __knowledge__ Laura Lane Welch Bush (born November 4, 1946) is the wife of the 43rd President of the United States, George W. Bush, and was the First Lady from 2001 to 2009.", "Laura Bush __knowledge__ Bush graduated from Southern Methodist University in 1968 with a bachelor's degree in education, and took a job as a second grade teacher.", "Laura Bush __knowledge__ After attaining her master's degree in library science at the University of Texas at Austin, she was employed as a librarian.", "Laura Bush __knowledge__ Bush met her future husband, George W. Bush, in 1977, and they were married later that year.", "Laura Bush __knowledge__ The couple had twin daughters in 1981.", "Laura Bush __knowledge__ Bush's political involvement began during her marriage.", "Second inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The second inauguration of Barack Obama as President of the United States, marked the commencement of the second term of Barack Obama as President and Joe Biden as Vice President.", "Second inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ A private swearing-in ceremony took place on Sunday, January 20, 2013 in the Blue Room of the White House.", "Second inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ A public inauguration ceremony took place on Monday, January 21, 2013, at the United States Capitol building.", "Second inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The inauguration theme was \"Faith in America's Future\", a phrase that draws upon the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the completion of the Capitol dome in 1863.", "Second inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The theme also stressed the \"perseverance and unity\" of the United States and echoed the \"Forward\" theme used in the closing months of Obama's reelection campaign.", "First Lady of the United States __knowledge__ The First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is the informal but accepted title held by the wife of the President of the United States, concurrent with the president's term of office.", "First Lady of the United States __knowledge__ Although the first lady's role has never been codified or officially defined, she figures prominently in the political and social life of the nation.", "First Lady of the United States __knowledge__ Since the early 20th century, the First Lady has been assisted by official staff, now known as the Office of the First Lady and headquartered in the East Wing of the White House.", "First Lady of the United States __knowledge__ Melania Trump is the current First Lady.", "First Lady of the United States __knowledge__ While the title was not in general use until much later, Martha Washington, the wife of George Washington, the first U.S. President (1789–1797), is considered to be the inaugural First Lady of the United States.", "Nancy Reagan __knowledge__ Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins; July 6, 1921 – March 6, 2016) was an American film actress and the wife of Ronald Reagan, the 40th President of the United States.", "Nancy Reagan __knowledge__ She served as the First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989.", "Nancy Reagan __knowledge__ She was born in New York City.", "Nancy Reagan __knowledge__ After her parents separated, she lived in Maryland with an aunt and uncle for several years.", "Nancy Reagan __knowledge__ When her mother remarried in 1929, she moved to Chicago and later took the name Davis from her stepfather.", "Nancy Reagan __knowledge__ As Nancy Davis, she was a Hollywood actress in the 1940s and 1950s, starring in films such as \"The Next Voice You Hear...\", \"Night into Morning\", and \"Donovan's Brain\".", "Inauguration of Donald Trump __knowledge__ The inauguration of Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States marked commencement of the four-year term of Donald Trump as President and Mike Pence as Vice President.", "Inauguration of Donald Trump __knowledge__ An estimated 300,000–600,000 people attended the public ceremony held on Friday, January 20, 2017 on the West Front of the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.", "Inauguration of Donald Trump __knowledge__ Along with being the oldest and wealthiest person to assume the presidency, he is the first without prior military or governmental service experience.", "Inauguration of Donald Trump __knowledge__ The event was the 58th presidential inauguration.", "Inauguration of Donald Trump __knowledge__ The official theme of the event was \"Uniquely American\".", "Executive Residence __knowledge__ The Executive Residence is the central building of the White House complex located between the East Wing and West Wing.", "Executive Residence __knowledge__ It is the most recognizable part of the complex, being the actual \"house\" part of the White House.", "Executive Residence __knowledge__ This central building, first constructed from 1792 to 1800, is home to the President of the United States and the First Family.", "Executive Residence __knowledge__ The Executive Residence primarily occupies four floors: the Ground Floor, the State Floor, the Second Floor, and the Third Floor.", "Executive Residence __knowledge__ A two-story sub-basement with mezzanine, created during the 1948–to-1952 Truman reconstruction, is used for HVAC and mechanical systems, storage, and service areas.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ On February 10, 2007, Barack Obama, then junior United States Senator from Illinois, announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States in Springfield, Illinois.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ On June 3, 2008, he secured enough delegates to become the presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party for the 2008 presidential election.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ He was the first African-American in American History to be nominated by a major party.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ On November 4, 2008, Obama won the presidential election to become the 44th President of the United States, succeeding George W. Bush.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ Obama announced his candidacy at the Old State Capitol building, where Abraham Lincoln delivered his \"House Divided\" speech in 1858.", "Sam Kass __knowledge__ Samuel David Kass (born 1980) worked at the White House from January 20, 2009 to December 19, 2014, and during this period served as President Barack Obama's Senior Policy Advisor for Nutrition Policy, as Executive Director for First Lady Michelle Obama's Let's Move!", "Sam Kass __knowledge__ campaign, and as an Assistant Chef.", "Sam Kass __knowledge__ The White House announced his departure on December 8, 2014.", "Sam Kass __knowledge__ On July 29, 2015, NBC News announced the appointment of Kass as a senior food analyst, charged with covering topics such as healthful eating, food trends and policy on all platforms of NBC News.", "Sam Kass __knowledge__ Kass grew up in a Jewish family in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Iron supplements, also known as iron salts and iron pills, are a number of iron formulations used to treat and prevent iron deficiency including iron deficiency anemia.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ For prevention they are only recommended in those with poor absorption, heavy menstrual periods, pregnancy, hemodialysis, or a diet low in iron.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Prevention may also be used in low birth weight babies.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ They are taken by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ While benefits may be seen in days up to two months may be required until iron levels return to normal.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Common side effects include constipation, abdominal pain, dark stools, and diarrhea.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Other side effects, which may occur with excessive use, include iron overload and iron toxicity.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Ferrous salts used as supplements by mouth include ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous succinate, and ferrous sulfate.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Injectable forms include iron dextran and iron sucrose.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ They work by providing the iron needed for making red blood cells.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ Iron has been used medically since at least 1681 with an easy to use formulation being created in 1832.", "Iron supplement __knowledge__ It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D (also known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D (ergocalciferol).", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol can be ingested from the diet and from supplements.", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ Only a few foods contain vitamin D. The major natural source of the vitamin is synthesis of cholecalciferol in the skin from cholesterol through a chemical reaction that is dependent on sun exposure (specifically UVB radiation).", "Nutrition __knowledge__ Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ The diet of an organism is what it eats, which is largely determined by the availability and palatability of foods.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ For humans, a healthy diet includes preparation of food and storage methods that preserve nutrients from oxidation, heat or leaching, and that reduce risk of foodborne illness.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ In humans, an unhealthy diet can cause deficiency-related diseases such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, preterm birth, stillbirth and cretinism, or nutrient excess health-threatening conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; and such common chronic systemic diseases as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett __knowledge__ William Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett, (6 September 1883 – 10 February 1962) was a British barrister, judge, politician and preacher who served as the alternate British judge during the Nuremberg Trials.", "Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett __knowledge__ Birkett received his education at Barrow-in-Furness Grammar School.", "Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett __knowledge__ He was a Methodist preacher and a draper before attending Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1907, to study theology, history and law.", "Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett __knowledge__ Upon graduating in 1910 he worked as a secretary and was called to the Bar in 1913.", "Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett __knowledge__ Declared medically unfit for military service during World War I, Birkett used the time to make up for his late entry into the legal profession and was appointed a King's Counsel in 1924.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Trans fat __knowledge__ Trans fat, or trans-unsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, are a type of unsaturated fat that occur in small amounts in nature, but became widely produced industrially from vegetable fats for use in margarine, snack food, packaged baked goods, and frying fast food starting in the 1950s.", "Trans fat __knowledge__ Trans fat has been shown to consistently be associated, in an intake-dependent way, with increased risk of coronary artery disease, a leading cause of death in Western nations.", "Trans fat __knowledge__ Fats contain long hydrocarbon chains, which can either be unsaturated, i.e., have double bonds, or saturated, i.e., have no double bonds.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food intolerance is a detrimental reaction, often delayed, to a food, beverage, food additive, or compound found in foods that produces symptoms in one or more body organs and systems, but generally refers to reactions other than food allergy.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food hypersensitivity is used to refer broadly to both food intolerances and food allergies.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food allergies are immune reactions, typically an IgE reaction caused by the release of histamine but also encompassing non-IgE immune responses.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ This mechanism causes allergies to typically give immediate reaction (a few minutes to a few hours) to foods.", "Food intolerance __knowledge__ Food intolerances can be classified according to their mechanism.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ Diet in Hinduism varies with its diverse traditions.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ The ancient and medieval Hindu texts do not explicitly prohibit eating meat, but they do strongly recommend ahimsa—non-violence against all life forms including animals.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ Many Hindus prefer a vegetarian or lacto-vegetarian lifestyle, and methods of food production that are in sync with nature, compassionate, and respectful of other life forms as well as nature.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ The diet of Hindus usually does not include eggs, fish or meat.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ However, if included, Hindus often favor \"jhatka\" (quick death) style preparation of meat since Hindus believe that this method minimizes trauma and suffering to the animal.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "Red blood cell __knowledge__ Red blood cells (RBCs), also called erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.", "Red blood cell __knowledge__ RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries.", "Red blood cell __knowledge__ The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the red color of the cells.", "Red blood cell __knowledge__ The cell membrane is composed of proteins and lipids, and this structure provides properties essential for physiological cell function such as deformability and stability while traversing the circulatory system and specifically the capillary network.", "Hemoglobin __knowledge__ Hemoglobin (American) or haemoglobin (British) (); abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.", "Hemoglobin __knowledge__ Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs (lungs or gills) to the rest of the body (i.e.", "Hemoglobin __knowledge__ the tissues).", "Hemoglobin __knowledge__ There it releases the oxygen to permit aerobic respiration to provide energy to power the functions of the organism in the process called metabolism.", "Hemoglobin __knowledge__ In mammals, the protein makes up about 96% of the red blood cells' dry content (by weight), and around 35% of the total content (including water).", "Human genetic resistance to malaria __knowledge__ Human genetic resistance to malaria refers to inherited changes in the DNA of humans which increase resistance to the disease and result in increased survival of individuals with the genetic change.", "Human genetic resistance to malaria __knowledge__ Evolutionarily, the existence of these genotypes are likely due to pressure from evolving alongside the parasites that cause malaria (of the genus \"Plasmodium\").", "Human genetic resistance to malaria __knowledge__ Since malaria infects red blood cells, these genetic changes are most commonly alterations to molecules essential for red blood cell function (and therefore parasite survival), such as hemoglobin or other cellular proteins or enzymes of red blood cells.", "Blood transfusion __knowledge__ Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.", "Blood transfusion __knowledge__ Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood.", "Blood transfusion __knowledge__ Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets.", "Blood transfusion __knowledge__ Historically, red blood cell transfusion was considered when the hemoglobin level fell below 100 g/L or hematocrit falls below 30%.", "Blood transfusion __knowledge__ Because each unit of blood given carries risks, a trigger level lower than that at 70 to 80 g/L is now usually used as it has been shown to have better patient outcomes.", "Blood __knowledge__ Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.", "Blood __knowledge__ In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma.", "Blood __knowledge__ Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains dissipated proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and blood cells themselves.", "Blood __knowledge__ Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood.", "Hemorheology __knowledge__ Hemorheology, also spelled haemorheology (from the Greek \"‘αἷμα, haima\" \"blood\" and rheology), or blood rheology, is the study of flow properties of blood and its elements of plasma and cells.", "Hemorheology __knowledge__ Proper tissue perfusion can occur only when blood's rheological properties are within certain levels.", "Hemorheology __knowledge__ Alterations of these properties play significant roles in disease processes.", "Hemorheology __knowledge__ Blood viscosity is determined by plasma viscosity, hematocrit (volume fraction of red blood cell, which constitute 99.9% of the cellular elements) and mechanical properties of red blood cells.", "Hemorheology __knowledge__ Red blood cells have unique mechanical behavior, which can be discussed under the terms erythrocyte deformability and erythrocyte aggregation.", "Polychromasia __knowledge__ Polychromasia (also known as Polychromatophilia) is a disorder where there is an abnormally high number of immature red blood cells found in the bloodstream as a result of being prematurely released from the bone marrow during blood formation.", "Polychromasia __knowledge__ (\"Poly\"- refers to \"many\", and \"-chromasia\" means \"color\".)", "Polychromasia __knowledge__ These cells are often shades of grayish blue.", "Polychromasia __knowledge__ Polychromasia is usually a sign of bone marrow stress as well as immature red blood cells.", "Polychromasia __knowledge__ 3 types are recognized, with types (1) and (2) being referred to as 'young red blood cells' and type (3) as 'old red blood cells'.", "Polychromasia __knowledge__ Giemsa stain is used to distinguish all three types in blood smears.", "Anemia __knowledge__ Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.", "Anemia __knowledge__ When anemia comes on slowly, the symptoms are often vague and may include feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath or a poor ability to exercise.", "Anemia __knowledge__ Anemia that comes on quickly often has greater symptoms, which may include confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, loss of consciousness, or increased thirst.", "Anemia __knowledge__ Anemia must be significant before a person becomes noticeably pale.", "Anemia __knowledge__ Additional symptoms may occur depending on the underlying cause.", "Anemia __knowledge__ The three main types of anemia are due to blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell breakdown.", "Sickle-cell disease __knowledge__ Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is a group of blood disorders typically inherited from a person's parents.", "Sickle-cell disease __knowledge__ The most common type is known as sickle-cell anaemia (SCA).", "Sickle-cell disease __knowledge__ It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin (haemoglobin S) found in red blood cells.", "Sickle-cell disease __knowledge__ This leads to a rigid, sickle-like shape under certain circumstances.", "Sickle-cell disease __knowledge__ Problems in sickle cell disease typically begin around 5 to 6 months of age.", "Sickle-cell disease __knowledge__ A number of health problems may develop, such as attacks of pain (\"sickle-cell crisis\"), anemia, swelling in the hands and feet, bacterial infections, and stroke.", "Sickle-cell disease __knowledge__ Long term pain may develop as people get older.", "Iron-deficiency anemia __knowledge__ Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron.", "Iron-deficiency anemia __knowledge__ Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.", "Iron-deficiency anemia __knowledge__ When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague, including feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath, or poor ability to exercise.", "Iron-deficiency anemia __knowledge__ Anemia that comes on quickly often has greater symptoms, including: confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, and increased thirst.", "Iron-deficiency anemia __knowledge__ There needs to be significant anemia before a person becomes noticeably pale.", "Iron-deficiency anemia __knowledge__ Problems with growth and development may occur in children.", "Iron-deficiency anemia __knowledge__ There may be additional symptoms depending on the underlying cause." ] ]

[ 0, 22, 10, 1 ]

[ "Hello! I love healthy eating.", "I was inspired by our former First Lady Michelle Obama.", "She spoke a lot about wellness. Specifically I was interested in replacing iron so my body could make red blood cells.", "I don't remember specifically what foods, but my doctor recommended an iron supplement to prevent anemia." ]

[ "Iron supplement", "Iron supplement", "Iron supplement", "Iron supplement" ]

[ "Pizza\nMy favorite food is pizza. Do you like pizza?", "Pizza", "It certinly is a staple for me. I think it's probably one of my top 5 foods. ", "I like the different toppings but usually I just like a good pepperoni pizza. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box or pizza package is a folding box made of cardboard in which hot pizzas are stored in for takeaway.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The \"pizza box\" also makes home delivery and takeaway substantially easier.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box has to be highly resistant, cheap, stackable, thermally insulated to regulate humidity and suitable for food transportation.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ In addition, it provides space for advertising.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza packages differ from those of frozen pizzas, which contain the frozen product in heat-sealed plastic foils as is the case with much frozen food.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ Containers to deliver freshly baked pizzas have existed at least since the 19th century, when Neapolitan pizza bakers put their products in multi-layered metallic containers known as \"stufe\" (singular \"stufa\", \"oven\") and then sent them to the street sellers.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is a service in which a pizzeria or pizza chain delivers a pizza to a customer.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ An order is typically made either by telephone or over the internet to the pizza chain, in which the customer can request pizza type, size and other products alongside the pizza, commonly including soft drinks.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Pizzas may be delivered in pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter, or bicycle.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ Customers can, depending on the pizza chain, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit or a debit card.", "Pizza delivery __knowledge__ A delivery fee is often charged with what the customer has bought.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box or pizza package is a folding box made of cardboard in which hot pizzas are stored in for takeaway.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The \"pizza box\" also makes home delivery and takeaway substantially easier.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box has to be highly resistant, cheap, stackable, thermally insulated to regulate humidity and suitable for food transportation.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ In addition, it provides space for advertising.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza packages differ from those of frozen pizzas, which contain the frozen product in heat-sealed plastic foils as is the case with much frozen food.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ Containers to deliver freshly baked pizzas have existed at least since the 19th century, when Neapolitan pizza bakers put their products in multi-layered metallic containers known as \"stufe\" (singular \"stufa\", \"oven\") and then sent them to the street sellers.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ Domino’s Pizza, Inc. is an American pizza restaurant chain founded in 1960.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The corporation is headquartered at the Domino's Farms Office Park in Ann Arbor, Michigan.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ In 1960, Tom Monaghan and his brother, James, purchased DomiNick's, a small pizza store at 301 West Cross Street in Ypsilanti, Michigan, near Eastern Michigan University.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The deal was secured by a $500 down payment, and the brothers borrowed $900 to pay for the store.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The brothers planned to split the work hours evenly, but James did not want to quit his job as a full-time postman to keep up with the demands of the new business.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ Within eight months, James traded his half of the business to Tom for the Volkswagen Beetle they used for pizza deliveries.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food is a mass-produced food that is prepared and served very quickly.", "Fast food __knowledge__ The food is typically less nutritionally valuable compared to other foods and dishes.", "Fast food __knowledge__ While any meal with low preparation time can be considered fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with frozen, preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are traditionally distinguished by their ability to serve food via a drive-through.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as \"quick service restaurants\").", "Junk food __knowledge__ Junk food is a pejorative term for food containing high levels of calories from sugar or fat with little fibre, protein, vitamins or minerals.", "Junk food __knowledge__ Junk food can also refer to high protein food like meat prepared with saturated fat.", "Junk food __knowledge__ Food from many hamburger outlets, pizza and fried chicken outlets is often considered as junk food.", "Junk food __knowledge__ Concerns about the negative health effects resulting from a \"junk food\"-heavy diet, especially obesity, have resulted in public health awareness campaigns, and restrictions on advertising and sale in several countries..", "Junk food __knowledge__ The term \"junk food\" dates back at least to the early 1950s, although it has been reported that it was coined in 1972 by Michael F. Jacobson of the Center for Science in the Public Interest.", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Criticism of fast food includes claimed negative health effects, alleged animal cruelty, cases of worker exploitation, and claims of cultural degradation via shifts in people's eating patterns away from traditional foods.", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Fast food chains have come under fire from consumer groups, such as the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a longtime fast food critic over issues such as caloric content, trans fats and portion sizes.", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Social scientists have highlighted how the prominence of fast food narratives in popular urban legends suggests that modern consumers have an ambivalent relationship (characterized by guilt) with fast food, particularly in relation to children.", "List of Canadian restaurant chains __knowledge__ Although many of the largest restaurant chains in Canada are US-based (McDonald's and Yum Brands among others), Canadian-based restaurant chains are growing and have expanded into other markets, especially the US.", "List of Canadian restaurant chains __knowledge__ A&W Restaurants entered the Canadian market in 1956.", "List of Canadian restaurant chains __knowledge__ In 1972 the American company sold the Canadian unit to Unilever thus creating A&W (Canada).", "List of Canadian restaurant chains __knowledge__ In 1995 it was spunoff into an independent entity with no ties to its American counterpart.", "List of Canadian restaurant chains __knowledge__ BeaverTails pastry (or Queues de Castor pâtisserie in Quebec), is a chain of pastry stands operated by BeaverTails Canada Inc.", "List of Canadian restaurant chains __knowledge__ The chain's namesake product is a line of fried dough pastries, individually hand-stretched to resemble a beaver’s tail.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ Warner Bros. Records Inc. is an American major record label established in 1958 as the foundation label of the present-day Warner Music Group (WMG), and now operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of that corporation.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19, 1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros.. For most of its early existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a convoluted series of corporate mergers and acquisitions from the early 1960s to the early 2000s.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Staple food __knowledge__ A staple food, or simply a staple, is a food that is eaten routinely and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet for a given people, supplying a large fraction of energy needs and generally forming a significant proportion of the intake of other nutrients as well.", "Staple food __knowledge__ The staple food of a specific society may be eaten as often as every day or every meal, and most people live on a diet based on just a small number of staples.", "Staple food __knowledge__ Staple foods vary from place to place, but typically they are inexpensive or readily-available foods that supply one or more of the three organic macronutrients needed for survival and health: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Dale Earnhardt Jr. __knowledge__ Ralph Dale Earnhardt Jr. (born October 10, 1974), known professionally as Dale Earnhardt Jr., Dale Jr., or just Junior, is a retired American professional stock car racing driver, team owner, and is currently an analyst for \"NASCAR on NBC\".", "Dale Earnhardt Jr. __knowledge__ He also competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series driving the No.", "Dale Earnhardt Jr. __knowledge__ 88 Chevrolet Camaro for his team JR Motorsports.", "Dale Earnhardt Jr. __knowledge__ He is the son of NASCAR Hall of Fame member Dale Earnhardt Sr.", "Dale Earnhardt Jr. __knowledge__ He is also the grandson of both NASCAR driver Ralph Earnhardt and stock car fabricator Robert Gee, the brother of Kelley Earnhardt-Miller, the half-brother of former driver Kerry Earnhardt, the uncle of driver Jeffrey Earnhardt, the stepson of Teresa Earnhardt, and the older half-brother of Taylor Nicole Earnhardt-Putnam.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Pepperoni (also known as pepperoni sausage) is an American variety of salami, made from cured pork and beef mixed together and seasoned with paprika or other chili pepper.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Pepperoni is characteristically soft, slightly smoky, and bright red in color.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Thinly sliced pepperoni is a popular pizza topping in American-style pizzerias and is used as filling in the West Virginia pepperoni roll.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ The term \"pepperoni\" is a borrowing of \"peperoni\", the plural of \"peperone\", the Italian word for bell pepper.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ The first use of \"pepperoni\" to refer to a sausage dates to 1919.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Even if in Italian the word is plural (like the Italian word \"salami\", plural of \"salame\"), the English word pepperoni is used as a singular uncountable noun.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "The Pizza Head Show __knowledge__ The Pizza Head Show was the name of a live action spoof show used in Pizza Hut commercials from 1993 to 1997 to advertise their promotions and new kinds of pizza.", "The Pizza Head Show __knowledge__ The commercials starred a piece of pizza named Pizza Head, who had a face made out of different toppings and his pizza cutter nemesis named Steve who would try to cause him as much harm as possible.", "The Pizza Head Show __knowledge__ These advertising campaigns were from San Francisco's Goodby Silverstein & Partners were directed by Walter Williams in a style similar to his \"The Mr. Bill Show\", an early series of \"Saturday Night Live\" skits.", "The Pizza Head Show __knowledge__ A normal commercial would begin with Pizza Head saying something about the promotion, then Steve would somehow get involved demonstrating the promotion, with the help of an offscreen narrator.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Little Caesars __knowledge__ Little Caesar Enterprises Inc. (doing business as Little Caesars) is the third-largest pizza chain in the United States, behind Pizza Hut and Domino's Pizza.", "Little Caesars __knowledge__ It operates and franchises pizza restaurants in the United States and internationally in Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean.", "Little Caesars __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1959 and is based in Detroit, Michigan, headquartered in the Fox Theatre building in Downtown.", "Little Caesars __knowledge__ Little Caesar Enterprises, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of Ilitch Holdings, Inc. Little Caesars Pizza was founded on May 8, 1959, by Mike Ilitch and his wife Marian Ilitch.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food is a mass-produced food that is prepared and served very quickly.", "Fast food __knowledge__ The food is typically less nutritionally valuable compared to other foods and dishes.", "Fast food __knowledge__ While any meal with low preparation time can be considered fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with frozen, preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are traditionally distinguished by their ability to serve food via a drive-through.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as \"quick service restaurants\").", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ New Zealand cuisine is largely driven by local ingredients and seasonal variations.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ An island nation with a primarily agricultural economy, New Zealand yields produce from land and sea.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ Similar to the cuisine of Australia, the cuisine of New Zealand is a diverse British-based cuisine, with Mediterranean and Pacific Rim influences as the country becomes more cosmopolitan.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ Historical influences came from Māori culture.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ New American cuisine, Southeast Asian, East Asian, and South Asian culinary traditions have become popular since the 1970s.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ In New Zealand households, dinner is the main meal of the day, when families gather and share their evening together." ] ]

[ 7, 2, 8, 10 ]

[ "I love pizza and its one of the most popular fast foods in North America and Europe", "I dearly love the variety of toppings one can add like meats, cheeses and spinach and other veggies. I get creative with pizza", "Tons of fast food places and cafes offer pizza it really is popular", "I love pizza delivery and utilize it often" ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Track and field", "I am not so much in to participating in those type of events but I like to watch.", "I watch all of our local high schoolers, actually. Friends kids are in track." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The name is derived from the sport's typical venue: a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running, and race walking.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, race walking and hurdling, are won by the athlete with the fastest time.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, high jump and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, javelin, discus and hammer.", "Track and field __knowledge__ There are also \"combined events\" or \"multi events\", such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, and decathlon consisting of ten events.", "Track and field __knowledge__ In these, athletes participate in a combination of track and field events.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Most track and field events are individual sports with a single victor; the most prominent team events are relay races, which typically feature teams of four." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The name is derived from the sport's typical venue: a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running, and race walking.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, race walking and hurdling, are won by the athlete with the fastest time.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, high jump and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, javelin, discus and hammer.", "Track and field __knowledge__ There are also \"combined events\" or \"multi events\", such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, and decathlon consisting of ten events.", "Track and field __knowledge__ In these, athletes participate in a combination of track and field events.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Most track and field events are individual sports with a single victor; the most prominent team events are relay races, which typically feature teams of four.", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ The Ankh-Morpork City Watch is the police force of the fictional city of Ankh-Morpork in the \"Discworld\" series by the English writer Terry Pratchett.", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ The series comprises eight fantasy novels and one short story centred on the adventures of the City Watch and its commander Sam Vimes, in order of publication they are; \"Guards!", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ Guards!\"", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ (1989), \"Theatre of Cruelty\" (1993) (a short story), \"Men at Arms\" (1993), \"Feet of Clay\" (1996), \"Jingo\" (1997), \"The Fifth Elephant\" (1999), \"Night Watch\" (2002), \"Thud!\"", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ (2005) and \"Snuff\" (2011).", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ The Watch is also to be the subject of a police procedural television series in development as of 2016, entitled \"The Watch\".", "Watch __knowledge__ A watch is a timepiece intended to be carried or worn by a person.", "Watch __knowledge__ It is designed to keep working despite the motions caused by the person's activities.", "Watch __knowledge__ A wristwatch is designed to be worn around the wrist, attached by a watch strap or other type of bracelet.", "Watch __knowledge__ A pocket watch is designed for a person to carry in a pocket.", "Watch __knowledge__ Watches progressed in the 17th century from spring-powered clocks, which appeared as early as the 14th century.", "Watch __knowledge__ During most of its history the watch was a mechanical device, driven by clockwork, powered by winding a mainspring, and keeping time with an oscillating balance wheel.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Game & Watch\" games released by Nintendo, along with their format and date of release, if known.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ See lists of video games for related lists.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ Several of these games were collected and re-released as ports for the \"Game & Watch Gallery\" series for Game Boy, Game Boy Color and Game Boy Advance.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ The games also were re-released as stand-alone titles for the Nintendo Mini Classics series in the late 1990s.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ Digital versions of the games were created as DSiWare which was released for Nintendo DSi in 2009 (2010 internationally) and for Nintendo 3DS in 2011.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ Ball (originally known as \"Toss-Up\" in North America) is a \"Game & Watch\" game released as a part of the Silver series on April 28, 1980.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ It can be an idea or a task, but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience's attention.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Although people's attention is held by different things, because individuals have different preferences in entertainment, most forms are recognisable and familiar.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were supported in royal courts, developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens.", "Hamas __knowledge__ Hamas (Arabic: حماس \"Ḥamās\", an acronym of حركة المقاومة الاسلامية \"Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamah al-ʾIslāmiyyah\" Islamic Resistance Movement) is a Palestinian Sunni-Islamic fundamentalist organization.", "Hamas __knowledge__ It has a social service wing, Dawah, and a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.", "Hamas __knowledge__ It has been the \"de facto\" governing authority of the Gaza Strip since its takeover of that area in 2007.", "Hamas __knowledge__ During this period it fought several wars with Israel.", "Hamas __knowledge__ It is regarded, either in whole or in part, as a terrorist organization by several countries and international organizations, most notably by Israel, the United States and the European Union.", "Pocket watch __knowledge__ A pocket watch (or pocketwatch) is a watch that is made to be carried in a pocket, as opposed to a wristwatch, which is strapped to the wrist.", "Pocket watch __knowledge__ They were the most common type of watch from their development in the 16th century until wristwatches became popular after World War I during which a transitional design, trench watches, were used by the military.", "Pocket watch __knowledge__ Pocket watches generally have an attached chain to allow them to be secured to a waistcoat, lapel, or belt loop, and to prevent them from being dropped.", "Pocket watch __knowledge__ Watches were also mounted on a short leather strap or fob, when a long chain would have been cumbersome or likely to catch on things.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ Athletics is a collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ The results of racing events are decided by finishing position (or time, where measured), while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most commonly competed sports in the world.", "Ayr Seaforth Athletic Club __knowledge__ Ayr Seaforth Athletic Club is an athletics club located in Ayr, Scotland.", "Ayr Seaforth Athletic Club __knowledge__ The club trains at Dam Park track, situated outside Ayr College.", "Ayr Seaforth Athletic Club __knowledge__ The club hosts a club championship every year that allows up-and-coming athletes to compete against their teammates to see who has progressed the most through the year.", "Ayr Seaforth Athletic Club __knowledge__ Ayr Seaforth is Ayr's only athletics club offering athletes both young and old the opportunity to take part in many aspects of athletics.", "Ayr Seaforth Athletic Club __knowledge__ Seaforth has a very strong road running club but is also a strong track and field event club.", "Ayr Seaforth Athletic Club __knowledge__ Dam park track is made up of tartan track; the track has a signature red color it.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ The Oregon Ducks track and field program is the intercollegiate track and field team for the University of Oregon located in the U.S. state of Oregon.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ The team competes at the NCAA Division I level and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ The team participates in indoor and outdoor track and field as well as cross country.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ Known as the Ducks, Oregon's first track and field team was fielded in 1895.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ The team holds its home meets at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "Oregon Ducks track and field __knowledge__ Robert Johnson is the current head coach and since the program's inception in 1895, there have only been seven permanent head coaches.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ Sometimes the runners are referred to as \"harriers\" (dogs).", "Cross country running __knowledge__ The course, typically long, may include surfaces of grass, and earth, pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills, flat ground and sometimes gravel road.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ It is both an individual and a team sport; runners are judged on individual times and teams by a points-scoring method.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country, which usually takes place during autumn and winter, and can include weather conditions of rain, sleet, snow or hail, and a wide range of temperatures.", "Jordan Hasay __knowledge__ Jordan Melissa Hasay (born September 21, 1991) is an American distance runner.", "Jordan Hasay __knowledge__ She grew up in Arroyo Grande, California, and attended Mission College Preparatory High School in San Luis Obispo.", "Jordan Hasay __knowledge__ She was unanimously selected 2008 Girls High School Athlete of the Year by the voting panel at \"Track and Field News\".", "Jordan Hasay __knowledge__ In March 2009, she became the ninth high school athlete and third woman on the cover of \"Track and Field News\" magazine.", "Jordan Hasay __knowledge__ She attended the University of Oregon, where she studied business administration and competed on the cross country and track and field teams earning 18 All-American honors, 2011 Mile and 3,000 meters NCAA titles.", "Eastern Michigan Eagles men's cross country __knowledge__ Eastern Michigan Eagles men's cross country is a varsity level sport at Eastern Michigan University.", "Eastern Michigan Eagles men's cross country __knowledge__ The Eagles compete at the Division I level in the NCAA, but previously have been in the NAIA as well as Division II and III of the NCAA.", "Eastern Michigan Eagles men's cross country __knowledge__ The team is a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC), where it has won twenty team championships.", "Eastern Michigan Eagles men's cross country __knowledge__ Its current head coach, John Goodridge, has won *ten MAC championships in his fifteen years as head coach.", "Eastern Michigan Eagles men's cross country __knowledge__ *(limited Mac school team participation 2004-2015 vs.1972-2003) His predecessor Bob Parks holds the other nine MAC championships.", "Eastern Michigan Eagles men's cross country __knowledge__ * (Parks=all Mac school participation, 1972-2000) Michigan Normal College started a four-man cross country team coached by F. G. Beyerman in 1911." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The name is derived from the sport's typical venue: a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running, and race walking.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, race walking and hurdling, are won by the athlete with the fastest time.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, high jump and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, javelin, discus and hammer.", "Track and field __knowledge__ There are also \"combined events\" or \"multi events\", such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, and decathlon consisting of ten events.", "Track and field __knowledge__ In these, athletes participate in a combination of track and field events.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Most track and field events are individual sports with a single victor; the most prominent team events are relay races, which typically feature teams of four.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ \"The Prince of Tennis\" manga and anime series has a large cast of fictional characters created by Takeshi Konomi; many have appeared in the musical and film adaptations.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The cast of the series is largely made up of the members of the various tennis teams for the schools portrayed in the series, their coaches, and various family members and supporters.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The main character of the series is Ryoma Echizen, a 12-year-old tennis prodigy who joins the Seishun Academy tennis team.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The main cast is rounded out with the other eight regular players for Seishun, all of whom have various special abilities at playing tennis.", "NBA high school draftees __knowledge__ The NBA high school draftees are players who have been drafted to the National Basketball Association (NBA) straight out of high school without playing basketball at the collegiate level.", "NBA high school draftees __knowledge__ The process of jumping directly from high school to the professional level is also known as going prep-to-pro.", "NBA high school draftees __knowledge__ Since 2006, the practice of drafting high school players has been prohibited by the new collective bargaining agreement, which requires that players who entered the draft be 19 years of age and at least one year removed from high school.", "NBA high school draftees __knowledge__ Contrary to popular belief, the player does not have to play at least a year in college basketball, as the player can choose to instead play in another professional league (especially overseas) like Brandon Jennings or Emmanuel Mudiay in Italy and China respectively, simply take the year off, such as the case with Mitchell Robinson, or even hold themselves back a year in high school before declaring for the draft, like with Satnam Singh Bhamara or Thon Maker.", "Durham School of the Arts __knowledge__ Durham School of the Arts (DSA) is a secondary magnet school located in downtown Durham, North Carolina, United States, housing 1,381 students.", "Durham School of the Arts __knowledge__ Its focus is on the visual and performing arts.", "Durham School of the Arts __knowledge__ Arts offerings include 3D and 2D art, chorus, dance, guitar, strings, band, piano, acting, technical theatre, writing, digital media, game art design, and photography.", "Durham School of the Arts __knowledge__ Teachers of all subjects are encouraged to incorporate the arts into their teaching to maximize student engagement.", "Durham School of the Arts __knowledge__ Composite test scores from 2009 are in the top 25% in the district among high schools, and exceed the state average.", "Durham School of the Arts __knowledge__ Approximately 200 students are enrolled in each grade.", "Bellin Run __knowledge__ The Bellin Run is a 10K (6.2-mile) race held annually on the east side of Green Bay, Wisconsin, just outside Bellin Memorial Hospital, the race's founding organization.", "Bellin Run __knowledge__ The first Bellin 10K was held on June 12, 1977 and was known as the Bellin Heartwarming Run designed to promote cardiovascular fitness and wellness.", "Bellin Run __knowledge__ The run was intended to be a one-time event to help celebrate the dedication of the hospital's newly constructed additions.", "Bellin Run __knowledge__ The run drew 881 participants.", "Bellin Run __knowledge__ The following January, Bellin began receiving calls about when the next running event would be scheduled.", "Bellin Run __knowledge__ Bellin officials decided to hold a second run, titled the Bellin 10K Run, to see if it would be as successful as the first.", "St. Mary's International School __knowledge__ St. Mary's International School is an international school for boys located in the Setagaya ward of Tokyo, Japan.", "St. Mary's International School __knowledge__ The primary language of instruction is English.", "St. Mary's International School __knowledge__ It offers the International Baccalaureate program.", "St. Mary's International School __knowledge__ The school was founded in 1954 by the Brothers of Christian Instruction and resides in the St. Francis Xavier district of the FIC.", "St. Mary's International School __knowledge__ The school serves International students living in or near Tokyo, as well as many Japanese students seeking a Western, English-medium education.", "St. Mary's International School __knowledge__ St. Mary's offers religious instruction, and Catholic students may attend mass.", "St. Mary's International School __knowledge__ Although St. Mary's is a Catholic school, students do not have to be Catholic to attend.", "Katoomba Christian Convention __knowledge__ Katoomba Christian Convention (KCC) is an interdenominational ministry providing evangelical Bible preaching to Christians.", "Katoomba Christian Convention __knowledge__ Conventions are held in KCC's 2300 seat auditorium at Katoomba, in the Blue Mountains approximately west of the Central Business District of Sydney, Australia.", "Katoomba Christian Convention __knowledge__ At present there are six conventions (many of them run over 2–3 identical weekends).", "Katoomba Christian Convention __knowledge__ The site also hosts the annual CMS Summer School, organised by the Church Missionary Society which draws close to 3000 people a day during the first week of January.", "Katoomba Christian Convention __knowledge__ There are multiple conventions including Onward (High Schoolers, Young Adults and Adults), Oxygen (Christian Leaders), NextGen (Rising Youth and Children's Ministry Leaders), One Love (Women's Conference), Basecamp (Men's Conference), KYCK (high schoolers) and KEC (all ages).", "Carl Wilkens __knowledge__ Carl Wilkens is the former head of the Adventist Development and Relief Agency International in Rwanda.", "Carl Wilkens __knowledge__ In 1994, he was the only American who chose to remain in the country after the Rwandan genocide began.", "Carl Wilkens __knowledge__ Since 1978, when he first went to Africa as part of a college volunteer program, Wilkens has spent 13 years working on the continent.", "Carl Wilkens __knowledge__ After training as a high-school teacher he later went back to night school and earned an MBA at the University of Baltimore.", "Carl Wilkens __knowledge__ Wilkens sent his wife and three children with an American convoy to Burundi (US officials were afraid to use Kigali airport, so they evacuated their citizens by cars) and stayed in his home in Kigali with several friends.", "Kenenisa Bekele __knowledge__ Kenenisa Bekele (; born 13 June 1982) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner and the current world record and Olympic record holder in both the 5,000 metre and 10,000 metre events.", "Kenenisa Bekele __knowledge__ He took Gold in both the 10,000m and 5,000m events at the 2008 Summer Olympics.", "Kenenisa Bekele __knowledge__ At the 2004 Olympics he took Gold in the 10,000m and Silver in the 5000m.", "Kenenisa Bekele __knowledge__ He is married to Danawit Gebregziabher (m. 2007) and he has one younger brother, Tariku Bekele, who is also an accomplished world-class distance runner.", "Kenenisa Bekele __knowledge__ He is the most successful runner in IAAF World Cross Country Championships history, with six long (12 km) course and five short (4 km) course titles.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ Sometimes the runners are referred to as \"harriers\" (dogs).", "Cross country running __knowledge__ The course, typically long, may include surfaces of grass, and earth, pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills, flat ground and sometimes gravel road.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ It is both an individual and a team sport; runners are judged on individual times and teams by a points-scoring method.", "Cross country running __knowledge__ Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country, which usually takes place during autumn and winter, and can include weather conditions of rain, sleet, snow or hail, and a wide range of temperatures.", "IAAF World Cross Country Championships __knowledge__ IAAF World Cross Country Championships is the most important competition in international cross country running.", "IAAF World Cross Country Championships __knowledge__ Held annually and organised by International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), it was inaugurated in 1973, when it replaced the International Cross Country Championships.", "IAAF World Cross Country Championships __knowledge__ It was an annual competition until 2011, when the IAAF changed it to a biennial event.", "IAAF World Cross Country Championships __knowledge__ Traditionally, the World Cross Country Championships consisted of four races: one each for men (12 km) and for women (8 km); and one each for junior men (8 km) and for junior women (6 km).", "IAAF World Cross Country Championships __knowledge__ Scoring was done for individuals and for national teams.", "Ekiden __knowledge__ The term originated in Japan, although the concept of a long distance relay race is not unique to any country.", "Ekiden __knowledge__ The first \"ekiden\" race was sponsored by the Yomiuri Shimbun in 1917, and was run over three days between the old Japanese capital of Kyoto and the modern capital of Tokyo, a distance of 508 km, to celebrate the anniversary of the moving of the capital to Tokyo.", "Ekiden __knowledge__ As written in Japanese, \"Ekiden\" combines the characters for \"station\" (駅) and \"transmit\" (伝).", "Ekiden __knowledge__ This name was coined by the poet Toki Zemmaro (1885–1980), who was head of the Yomiuri Shimbun's Social Affairs Department at the time.", "Paula Radcliffe __knowledge__ Paula Jane Radcliffe, MBE (born 17 December 1973) is an English long-distance runner.", "Paula Radcliffe __knowledge__ She is a three-time winner of the London Marathon (2002, 2003, 2005), three-time New York Marathon champion (2004, 2007, 2008), and 2002 Chicago Marathon winner.", "Paula Radcliffe __knowledge__ She has been the women marathon world record holder for 15 years (2002–present).", "Paula Radcliffe __knowledge__ Radcliffe is a former world champion in the marathon, half marathon and cross country.", "Paula Radcliffe __knowledge__ She has also been European champion over 10,000 metres and in cross country.", "Paula Radcliffe __knowledge__ On the track, Radcliffe won the 10,000 metres silver medal at the 1999 World Championships and was the 2002 Commonwealth champion at 5000 metres.", "Eventing __knowledge__ Eventing (also known as three day eventing or horse trials) is an equestrian event where a single horse and rider combination compete against other combinations across the three disciplines of dressage, cross-country, and show jumping.", "Eventing __knowledge__ This event has its roots in a comprehensive cavalry test which required mastery of several types of riding.", "Eventing __knowledge__ The competition may be run as a one-day event (ODE), where all three events are completed in one day (dressage, followed by cross country and then stadium) or a three-day event (3DE), which is more commonly now run over four days, with dressage on the first two days followed by cross country the next day and then show jumping in reverse order on the final day.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\"." ] ]

[ 3, 67, 56 ]

[ "I like track and field events, like cross country.", "Which ones do you like to watch? I find watching cross country to be difficult due to the long course.", "I like that cross country is a sport for all ages" ]

[ "Track and field", "Track and field", "Track and field" ]

[ "Marriage", "I'm also not married. It can be hard to find the right person to make such a commitment.", "Oh my. Can you tell me anything else about marriage in other cultures?", "I wonder about the history of marriage and when it became such an important part of life." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity.", "Marriage __knowledge__ When defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal.", "Marriage __knowledge__ A marriage ceremony is known as a wedding.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, and sometimes forced marriage, may be practiced as a cultural tradition." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity.", "Marriage __knowledge__ When defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal.", "Marriage __knowledge__ A marriage ceremony is known as a wedding.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, and sometimes forced marriage, may be practiced as a cultural tradition.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Early life of Joseph Smith __knowledge__ Joseph Smith (December 23, 1805 – June 27, 1844) was an American religious leader and the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement whose current followers include Mormons (see The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) and members of the Community of Christ.", "Early life of Joseph Smith __knowledge__ The early life of Joseph Smith covers his life from his birth to the end of 1827.", "Early life of Joseph Smith __knowledge__ Smith was born in Sharon, Vermont, the fifth of eleven children born to Joseph and Lucy Mack Smith.", "Early life of Joseph Smith __knowledge__ By 1817, Smith's family had moved to the \"burned-over district\" of western New York, an area repeatedly swept by religious revivals during the Second Great Awakening.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "Golden plates __knowledge__ According to Latter Day Saint belief, the golden plates (also called the gold plates or in some 19th-century literature, the golden bible) are the source from which Joseph Smith said he translated the Book of Mormon, a sacred text of the faith.", "Golden plates __knowledge__ Some witnesses described the plates as weighing from , being golden in color and being composed of thin metallic pages engraved on both sides and bound with three D-shaped rings.", "Golden plates __knowledge__ Smith said he found the plates on September 22, 1823, at a Hill, near his home in Manchester, New York, after the angel Moroni directed him to a buried stone box.", "Golden plates __knowledge__ Smith said the angel at first prevented him from taking the plates but instructed him to return to the same location in a year.", "Involuntary commitment internationally __knowledge__ Involuntary commitment or civil commitment is a legal process through which an individual with symptoms of severe mental illness is court-ordered into treatment in a hospital (inpatient) or in the community (outpatient).", "Involuntary commitment internationally __knowledge__ Criteria for civil commitment are established by laws, which vary between nations.", "Involuntary commitment internationally __knowledge__ United Nations General Assembly (resolution 46/119 of 1991), \"Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and the Improvement of Mental Health Care\" is a non-binding resolution advocating certain broadly-drawn procedures for the carrying out of involuntary commitment.", "Involuntary commitment internationally __knowledge__ These principles have been used in many countries where local laws have been revised or new ones implemented.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "Carbon price __knowledge__ Carbon pricing — the method favored by many economists for reducing global-warming emissions — charges those who emit carbon dioxide (CO) for their emissions.", "Carbon price __knowledge__ That charge, called a carbon price, is the amount that must be paid for the right to emit one tonne of CO into the atmosphere.", "Carbon price __knowledge__ Carbon pricing usually takes the form either of a carbon tax or a requirement to purchase permits to emit, generally known as cap-and-trade, but also called \"allowances\".", "Carbon price __knowledge__ Carbon pricing solves the economic problem that , a known greenhouse gas, is what economics calls a negative externality — a detrimental product that is not priced (charged for) by any market.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ Loneliness typically includes anxious feelings about a lack of connection or communication with other beings, both in the present and extending into the future.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ As such, loneliness can be felt even when surrounded by other people.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ The causes of loneliness are varied and include social, mental, emotional and physical factors.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ Research has shown that loneliness is prevalent throughout society, including people in marriages, relationships, families, veterans, and those with successful careers.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ It has been a long explored theme in the literature of human beings since classical antiquity.", "The Garden of Words __knowledge__ The film focuses on Takao Akizuki, an aspiring 15-year-old shoemaker, and Yukari Yukino, a mysterious 27-year-old woman he keeps meeting at Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden on rainy mornings.", "The Garden of Words __knowledge__ While Takao is skipping his morning class to design shoes, Yukari is avoiding work due to personal problems in her professional life.", "The Garden of Words __knowledge__ Yukari tells Takao nothing about herself, including her name, while Takao opens up to her, sharing his passion for shoes by offering to make a pair for her.", "The Garden of Words __knowledge__ When Takao learns Yukari's identity, emotions come to a head as both learn that they have been teaching each other \"how to walk\".", "Legitimacy (family law) __knowledge__ Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.", "Legitimacy (family law) __knowledge__ Conversely, \"illegitimacy \" (or \"bastardy\") has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, or love child, when such a distinction has been made from other children.", "Legitimacy (family law) __knowledge__ Depending on local legislation, legitimacy can affect a child's rights of inheritance to the putative father's estate and the child's right to bear the father's surname or hereditary title.", "Legitimacy (family law) __knowledge__ Illegitimacy has also had consequences for the mother's and child's right to support from the putative father.", "Marriage in the Catholic Church __knowledge__ Marriage in the Catholic Church, also called matrimony, is the \"covenant by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole of life and which is ordered by its nature to the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of offspring\", and which \"has been raised by Christ the Lord to the dignity of a sacrament between the baptised.\"", "Marriage in the Catholic Church __knowledge__ Catholic matrimonial law, based on Roman law regarding its focus on marriage as a free mutual agreement or contract, became the basis for the marriage law of all European countries, at least up to the Reformation.", "Marriage in the Catholic Church __knowledge__ The \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\" states: \"The intimate community of life and love which constitutes the married state has been established by the Creator and endowed by him with its own proper laws.", "Emotional isolation __knowledge__ Emotional isolation is a state of isolation where one may have a well-functioning social network but still feels emotionally separated from others.", "Emotional isolation __knowledge__ Population-based research indicates that one in five middle-aged and elderly men (50–80 years) in Sweden are emotionally isolated (defined as having no one in whom to confide).", "Emotional isolation __knowledge__ Of those who do have someone in whom they can confide, eight out of ten confide only in their partner.", "Emotional isolation __knowledge__ People who have no one in whom to confide are less likely to feel alert and strong, calm, energetic and happy.", "Emotional isolation __knowledge__ Instead, they are more likely to feel depressed, sad, tired and worn out.", "Chen Ke (artist) __knowledge__ Chen Ke (Simplified Chinese: 陈可 or Traditional Chinese: 陳可; pinyin: Chén Kě, born 1978 in Tongjiang, Sichuan, China) is a Chinese artist.", "Chen Ke (artist) __knowledge__ She currently lives and works in Beijing.", "Chen Ke (artist) __knowledge__ Having participated in numerous international and domestic exhibitions, Chen Ke has worked in a variety of media, including painting, sculpture and fashion design.", "Chen Ke (artist) __knowledge__ Chen Ke is recognized as the most representative artist of the New Generation of Cartoon of China.", "Chen Ke (artist) __knowledge__ Chen Ke was born in Tongjiang, Sichuan Province of China.", "Chen Ke (artist) __knowledge__ When Chen Ke needed to select her major in the university, she read a book about Vincent Van Gogh.", "Chen Ke (artist) __knowledge__ She was deeply touched by the story of Van Gogh and decided to major in oil painting." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity.", "Marriage __knowledge__ When defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal.", "Marriage __knowledge__ A marriage ceremony is known as a wedding.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, and sometimes forced marriage, may be practiced as a cultural tradition.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ Tracy Lynette Barlow (also Langton, Preston, Cropper and McDonald) is a fictional character and the main antagonist from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\".", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ She was born on screen during the episode broadcast on 24 January 1977.", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ She was played by Christabel Finch until 21 November 1983.", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ Holly Chamarette played the role from 8 July 1985 until 23 March 1988.", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ Dawn Acton played the role from 12 December 1988, until 14 June 1995, Acton reprised the role in November 1996, and departed in December 1997.", "Tracy Barlow __knowledge__ She reprised the role once again on 17 March 1999 and made her final appearance as Tracy on 10 October 1999.", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ Cohabitation is an arrangement where two people who are not married live together.", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ Such arrangements have become increasingly common in Western countries during the past few decades, being led by changing social views, especially regarding marriage, gender roles and religion.", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ They often involve a romantic and/or sexually intimate relationship on a long-term or permanent basis.", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ More broadly, the term \"cohabitation\" can mean any number of people living together.", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ To \"cohabit\", in a broad sense, means to \"coexist\".", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ The origin of the term comes from the mid 16th century, from the Latin \"cohabitare\", from co- 'together' + habitare 'dwell'.", "Premarital sex __knowledge__ Premarital sex is sexual activity practiced by people before they are married.", "Premarital sex __knowledge__ Historically, premarital sex was considered a moral issue which was taboo in many cultures and considered a sin by a number of religions, but since about the 1960s, it has become more widely accepted, especially in Western countries.", "Premarital sex __knowledge__ A 2014 Pew study on global morality found that premarital sex was considered particularly unacceptable in \"predominantly Muslim nations\", such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Jordan, Pakistan and Egypt, each having over 90% disapproval, while people in Western European countries were the most accepting, with Spain, Germany and France expressing less than 10% disapproval.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Surname __knowledge__ A surname, family name, or last name is the portion of a personal name that indicates a person's family (or tribe or community, depending on the culture).", "Surname __knowledge__ Depending on the culture all members of a family unit may have identical surnames or there may be variations based on the cultural rules.", "Surname __knowledge__ In the English-speaking world, a surname is commonly referred to as a \"last name\" because it is usually placed at the end of a person's full name, after any given names.", "Surname __knowledge__ In many parts of Asia, as well as some parts of Europe and Africa, the family name is placed \"before\" a person's given name.", "Surname __knowledge__ In most Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking countries, two or more surnames are commonly used.", "Fornication __knowledge__ Fornication is generally consensual sexual intercourse between two people not married to each other.", "Fornication __knowledge__ When one of the partners to consensual sexual intercourse is a married person, it may be described as adultery.", "Fornication __knowledge__ For many people, the term carries an overtone of moral or religious disapproval, but the significance of sexual acts to which the term is applied varies between religions, societies and cultures.", "Fornication __knowledge__ In modern usage, the term is often replaced with a more judgment-neutral term like \"extramarital sex\".", "Fornication __knowledge__ In the original Greek version of the New Testament, the Greek term \"porneia\" (πορνεία) (or its variants) is used 25 times.", "Same-sex marriage __knowledge__ Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is marriage between people of the same sex, either as a secular civil ceremony or in a religious setting.", "Same-sex marriage __knowledge__ The term marriage equality refers to a political status in which same-sex marriage and opposite-sex marriage are considered legally equal.", "Same-sex marriage __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, rites of marriage for same-sex couples without legal recognition became increasingly common.", "Same-sex marriage __knowledge__ The first law providing for marriage of people of the same sex in modern times was enacted in 2000 in the Netherlands and came into force in 2001. , same-sex marriage is legally recognized (nationwide or in some parts) in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and Uruguay." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity.", "Marriage __knowledge__ When defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal.", "Marriage __knowledge__ A marriage ceremony is known as a wedding.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, and sometimes forced marriage, may be practiced as a cultural tradition.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ Donna Troy is a comic book superheroine published by DC Comics.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ She first appeared in \"The Brave and the Bold\" vol.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ 1 #60 (July 1965), and was created by Bob Haney and Bruno Premiani.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ She has been known as the original Wonder Girl, Darkstar and Troia.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ In May 2011, Donna Troy placed 93rd on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ After the shake-up in comics that resulted from the publication of \"Seduction of the Innocent,\" DC Comics searched for a way to portray Wonder Woman that would be acceptable to parents.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ One of the more favored approaches was to publish a series of \"Impossible Tales\" in which Wonder Woman (Diana) appeared for various reasons side-by-side with younger versions of herself as well as her mother, creating a \"Wonder Family.\"", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ Wonder Stories was an early American science fiction magazine which was published under several titles from 1929 to 1955.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ It was founded by Hugo Gernsback in 1929 after he had lost control of his first science fiction magazine, \"Amazing Stories\", when his media company Experimenter Publishing went bankrupt.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ Within a few months of the bankruptcy, Gernsback launched three new magazines: \"Air Wonder Stories\", \"Science Wonder Stories\" and \"Science Wonder Quarterly\".", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ \"Air Wonder Stories\" and \"Science Wonder Stories\" were merged in 1930 as \"Wonder Stories\", and the quarterly was renamed \"Wonder Stories Quarterly\".", "Steve Trevor __knowledge__ General Steven Rockwell Trevor is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superheroine Wonder Woman.", "Steve Trevor __knowledge__ The character was created by William Moulton Marston and first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (Dec. 1941).", "Steve Trevor __knowledge__ Steve Trevor is a trusted friend, love interest and partner who introduces Diana (Wonder Woman) to \"Man's World\", and has served as Wonder Woman's United Nations liaison.", "Steve Trevor __knowledge__ The character has appeared in various adaptations of the comics.", "Steve Trevor __knowledge__ He has been voiced by actors such as Tahmoh Penikett, Nathan Fillion, and George Newbern, among others in various \"Wonder Woman\" and \"Justice League\" productions.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "Kinship __knowledge__ In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.", "Kinship __knowledge__ Anthropologist Robin Fox states that \"the study of kinship is the study of what man does with these basic facts of lifemating, gestation, parenthood, socialization, siblingship etc.\"", "Kinship __knowledge__ Human society is unique, he argues, in that we are \"working with the same raw material as exists in the animal world, but [we] can conceptualize and categorize it to serve social ends.\"", "Kinship __knowledge__ These social ends include the socialization of children and the formation of basic economic, political and religious groups.", "Cousin marriage __knowledge__ Cousin marriage is marriage between cousins (i.e.", "Cousin marriage __knowledge__ people with common grandparents or people who share other fairly recent ancestors).", "Cousin marriage __knowledge__ Opinions and practice vary widely across the world.", "Cousin marriage __knowledge__ In some cultures and communities, cousin marriage is considered ideal and actively encouraged; in others, it is subject to social stigma.", "Cousin marriage __knowledge__ Cousin marriage is common in the Middle East, for instance, where it accounts for over half of all marriages in some countries.", "Cousin marriage __knowledge__ In some countries outside that region, it is uncommon but still legal.", "Cousin marriage __knowledge__ In others, it is seen as incestuous and is legally prohibited: it is banned in China and Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea, the Philippines and 24 of the 50 United States.", "Child marriage __knowledge__ Child marriage is a formal marriage or informal union entered into by an individual before reaching a certain age, specified by some global organizations as high as the age of 18.", "Child marriage __knowledge__ The legally prescribed marriageable age in some jurisdictions is below 18 years, especially in the case of girls; and even when the age is set at 18 years, many jurisdictions permit earlier marriage with parental consent or in special circumstances, such as teenage pregnancy.", "Child marriage __knowledge__ In certain countries, even when the legal marriage age is 18, cultural traditions take priority over legislative law.", "Child marriage __knowledge__ Child marriage violates the rights of children, it affects both boys and girls, though it is more common among girls.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Structural anthropology __knowledge__ Structural anthropology is a school of anthropology based on Claude Lévi-Strauss' idea that immutable deep structures exist in all cultures, and consequently, that all cultural practices have homologous counterparts in other cultures, essentially that all cultures are equitable.", "Structural anthropology __knowledge__ Lévi-Strauss' approach arose in large part from dialectics expounded on by Marx and Hegel, though dialectics (as a concept) dates back to Ancient Greek philosophy.", "Structural anthropology __knowledge__ Hegel explains that every situation presents two opposing things and their resolution; Fichte had termed these \"thesis, antithesis, and synthesis.\"", "Structural anthropology __knowledge__ Lévi-Strauss argued that cultures also have this structure.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Monogamy ( ) is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime or at any one time (serial monogamy), as compared to polygamy, polyandry, or polyamory.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ The term is also applied to the social behavior of some animals, referring to the state of having only one mate at any one time.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ The term monogamy is used to describe for different relationships.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Biologists, biological anthropologists, and behavioral ecologists often use the term monogamy in the sense of sexual, if not genetic, monogamy.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Modern biological researchers, using the theory of evolution, approach human monogamy as the same in human and non-human animal species." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 7, 8 ]

[ "Hi, I sometimes feel lonely because I am not in any matrimony or wedlock.", "I agree, but in some cultures, marriage is recommended and unmarried folks are frowned upon!", "Well, across cultures marriage may be influenced by socially determined rules, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and other factors!", "Marriage has always been a part of human life, it has been practiced as a cultural tradition for centuries." ]

[ "Marriage", "Marriage", "Marriage", "Marriage" ]

[ "Food truck", "I'm not sure. I've actually never eaten from a food truck. I'm too scared I'll get food poisoning.", "Oh ok. My cousin got really bad food poisoning from eating from a food truck and so that's why I'm skeptical.", "Well, I may have to try it one day. I think I'll start off with something not meat-related. Maybe a funnel cake." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Food truck __knowledge__ A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant phenomenon, food trucks offering gourmet cuisine and a variety of specialties and ethnic menus, have become particularly popular.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Food trucks, along with portable food booths and food carts, are on the front line of the street food industry that serves an estimated 2.5 billion people every day.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In the United States, the Texas chuckwagon is a precursor to the American food truck.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In the later 1800s, herding cattle from the Southwest to markets in the North and East kept cowhands on the trail for months at a time.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In 1866, the \"father of the Texas Panhandle,\" Charles Goodnight, a Texas cattle rancher, fitted a sturdy old United States Army wagon with interior shelving and drawers, and stocked it with kitchenware, food and medical supplies.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Food consisted of dried beans, coffee, cornmeal, greasy cloth-wrapped bacon, salt pork, beef, usually dried or salted or smoked, and other easy to preserve food stuffs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Food truck __knowledge__ A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant phenomenon, food trucks offering gourmet cuisine and a variety of specialties and ethnic menus, have become particularly popular.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Food trucks, along with portable food booths and food carts, are on the front line of the street food industry that serves an estimated 2.5 billion people every day.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In the United States, the Texas chuckwagon is a precursor to the American food truck.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In the later 1800s, herding cattle from the Southwest to markets in the North and East kept cowhands on the trail for months at a time.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In 1866, the \"father of the Texas Panhandle,\" Charles Goodnight, a Texas cattle rancher, fitted a sturdy old United States Army wagon with interior shelving and drawers, and stocked it with kitchenware, food and medical supplies.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Food consisted of dried beans, coffee, cornmeal, greasy cloth-wrapped bacon, salt pork, beef, usually dried or salted or smoked, and other easy to preserve food stuffs.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ A food truck is a small truck that operates as a restaurant.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ The height of the cooking area shall be less than 1.5 m (1.2 m) and the area shall be not less than 0.5 m*m and not more than 0.5 m*m. A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant phenomenon, food trucks offering gourmet cuisine and a variety of specialties and ethnic menus, have become particularly popular.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "Food storage __knowledge__ Food storage allows food to be eaten for some time (typically weeks to months) after harvest rather than solely immediately.", "Food storage __knowledge__ It is both a traditional domestic skill and, in the form of food logistics, an important industrial and commercial activity.", "Food storage __knowledge__ Food preservation, storage, and transport, including timely delivery to consumers, are important to food security, especially for the majority of people throughout the world who rely on others to produce their food.", "Food storage __knowledge__ Food is stored by almost every human society and by many animals.", "Food storage __knowledge__ Storing of food has several main purposes: The safe storage of food for home use should strictly adhere to guidelines set out by reliable sources, such as the United States Department of Agriculture.", "The Great Food Truck Race __knowledge__ The Great Food Truck Race is a reality television and cooking series that originally aired on August 15, 2010, on Food Network, with Tyler Florence as the host.", "The Great Food Truck Race __knowledge__ Billed as a cross between Cannonball Run and Top Chef, this late summer show features several competing teams of three who drive across the United States in their food trucks and make stops every week to sell food in different cities.", "The Great Food Truck Race __knowledge__ Every season, between six and eight food truck teams compete in a race where they must cook, sell, and adapt to different challenges in the hopes of winning $50,000 (and in some cases, their very own food truck).", "Chef (2014 film) __knowledge__ Chef is a 2014 American comedy-drama film written, co-produced, and directed by Jon Favreau, who stars with Sofía Vergara, John Leguizamo, Scarlett Johansson, Oliver Platt, Bobby Cannavale, Dustin Hoffman, and Robert Downey Jr. Favreau plays a professional chef who, after a public altercation with a food critic, quits his job at a popular Los Angeles restaurant and returns to his hometown of Miami to fix up a food truck.", "Chef (2014 film) __knowledge__ He reconnects with his ex-wife and invites their young son to join him in driving the truck back to LA while selling Cubanos in various cities along the way.", "Chef (2014 film) __knowledge__ Favreau wrote the script after directing several big-budget films, wanting to go \"back to basics\" and to create a film about cooking.", "Food __knowledge__ Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.", "Food __knowledge__ It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals.", "Food __knowledge__ The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.", "Food __knowledge__ Historically, humans secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering and agriculture.", "Food __knowledge__ Today, the majority of the food energy required by the ever increasing population of the world is supplied by the food industry.", "Food __knowledge__ Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food Information Council.", "Food trucks in Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ Food trucks have become a popular phenomenon in Tampa and St. Petersburg, Florida.", "Food trucks in Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ Food trucks have a large following in and around downtown Tampa and have been supported by Tampa mayor Bob Buckhorn who organized a monthly food truck rally downtown.", "Food trucks in Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ There is also an evening of food trucks and short movies (Flicks and Food Trucks) between downtown and the Channelside District.", "Food trucks in Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ Food truck rallies drawing thousands of people have taken place in Seminole Heights and South Tampa.", "Food trucks in Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ A regular food truck event is also held at the farmer's market in Odessa, Florida with live music.", "Food trucks in Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ St. Petersburg followed suit at the end of 2011 with the city council moving to ease restrictions on their operation.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Food waste in the United Kingdom is a subject of environmental, economic and social concern that has received widespread media coverage and been met with varying responses from government.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since 1915, food waste has been identified as a considerable problem and has been the subject of ongoing media attention, intensifying with the launch of the \"Love Food, Hate Waste\" campaign in 2007.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Food waste has been discussed in newspaper articles, news reports and television programmes, which have increased awareness of it as a public issue.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ To tackle waste issues, encompassing food waste, the government-funded \"Waste & Resources Action Programme\" (WRAP) was created in 2000.", "Roaming Hunger __knowledge__ Roaming Hunger is a food truck booking service that allows people to find food trucks in real time, book trucks for upcoming events, and engage food trucks for advertising and promotional purposes.", "Roaming Hunger __knowledge__ It was founded in 2009 by Ross Resnick.", "Roaming Hunger __knowledge__ During a study abroad program in 2004 while attending University of Southern California, Ross Resnick became immersed in Asian street food culture.", "Roaming Hunger __knowledge__ Upon his return, Resnick began developing Roaming Hunger originally as the food truck industry started to emerge in 2009.", "Roaming Hunger __knowledge__ Resnick took it on himself to compile an online directory of food trucks and carts across the US.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Food truck __knowledge__ A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant phenomenon, food trucks offering gourmet cuisine and a variety of specialties and ethnic menus, have become particularly popular.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Food trucks, along with portable food booths and food carts, are on the front line of the street food industry that serves an estimated 2.5 billion people every day.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In the United States, the Texas chuckwagon is a precursor to the American food truck.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In the later 1800s, herding cattle from the Southwest to markets in the North and East kept cowhands on the trail for months at a time.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In 1866, the \"father of the Texas Panhandle,\" Charles Goodnight, a Texas cattle rancher, fitted a sturdy old United States Army wagon with interior shelving and drawers, and stocked it with kitchenware, food and medical supplies.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Food consisted of dried beans, coffee, cornmeal, greasy cloth-wrapped bacon, salt pork, beef, usually dried or salted or smoked, and other easy to preserve food stuffs.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ A food truck is a small truck that operates as a restaurant.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ The height of the cooking area shall be less than 1.5 m (1.2 m) and the area shall be not less than 0.5 m*m and not more than 0.5 m*m. A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common.", "Food trucks in South Korea __knowledge__ In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant phenomenon, food trucks offering gourmet cuisine and a variety of specialties and ethnic menus, have become particularly popular.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "The Great Food Truck Race __knowledge__ The Great Food Truck Race is a reality television and cooking series that originally aired on August 15, 2010, on Food Network, with Tyler Florence as the host.", "The Great Food Truck Race __knowledge__ Billed as a cross between Cannonball Run and Top Chef, this late summer show features several competing teams of three who drive across the United States in their food trucks and make stops every week to sell food in different cities.", "The Great Food Truck Race __knowledge__ Every season, between six and eight food truck teams compete in a race where they must cook, sell, and adapt to different challenges in the hopes of winning $50,000 (and in some cases, their very own food truck).", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The DiMeo crime family, later referred to as the Soprano crime family, is a fictional Mafia family from the HBO series \"The Sopranos.\"", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ It is thought to be loosely based on the DeCavalcante crime family, a real New Jersey Mafia family.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The DiMeo crime family consists of an administration and six crews.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from \"The Sopranos\" that are associated with the DiMeo crime family.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ In the series, the DiMeo crime family is believed to have been formed in Northern New Jersey in the 1950s.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ Ercole DiMeo is believed to have been the first official boss, although according to the book, \"The Sopranos Family History\" by Allen Rucker and David Chase, there was an earlier boss named Alfano, but he is never mentioned in the series.", "Scombroid food poisoning __knowledge__ Scombroid food poisoning is a foodborne illness that results from eating spoiled (decayed) fish.", "Scombroid food poisoning __knowledge__ Along with ciguatera, it is listed as a common type of seafood poisoning.", "Scombroid food poisoning __knowledge__ The toxin believed to be responsible is histamine, formed as the flesh of the fish begins to decay.", "Scombroid food poisoning __knowledge__ As histamine is also the natural agent involved in allergic reactions, scombroid food poisoning often gets misidentified as a food allergy.", "Scombroid food poisoning __knowledge__ The syndrome is named after Scombridae family of fish, which includes mackerels, tunas and bonitos, because early descriptions of the illness noted an association with those species; however, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have identified other, nonscombroid vectors, such as mahi-mahi and amberjack.", "Foodborne illness __knowledge__ Foodborne illness (also foodborne disease and colloquially referred to as food poisoning) is any illness resulting from the food spoilage of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate food, as well as toxins such as poisonous mushrooms and various species of beans that have not been boiled for at least 10 minutes.", "Foodborne illness __knowledge__ Symptoms vary depending on the cause, and are described below in this article.", "Foodborne illness __knowledge__ A few broad generalizations can be made, e.g.", "Foodborne illness __knowledge__ : The incubation period ranges from hours to days, depending on the cause and on how much was consumed.", "Foodborne illness __knowledge__ The incubation period tends to cause sufferers to not associate the symptoms with the item consumed, and so to cause sufferers to attribute the symptoms to gastroenteritis for example.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ A kitchen is a room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation in a dwelling or in a commercial establishment.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ In the West, a modern residential kitchen is typically equipped with a stove, a sink with hot and cold running water, a refrigerator, counters and kitchen cabinets arranged according to a modular design.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ Many households have a microwave oven, a dishwasher and other electric appliances.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ The main function of a kitchen is serving as a location for storing, cooking and preparing food (and doing related tasks such as dishwashing), but it may also be used for dining, entertaining and laundry.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Philosophical skepticism (UK spelling scepticism; from Greek σκέψις \"skepsis\", \"inquiry\") is both a philosophical school of thought and a method that questions the possibility of certainty in knowledge.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ It is generally agreed that knowledge requires justification.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ It is not enough to have a true belief: one must also have good reasons for that belief.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Skeptics claim that it is not possible to have only an adequate justification.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Skepticism is not a single position but covers a range of different positions.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ In the ancient world there were two main skeptical traditions.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Academic skepticism took the dogmatic position that knowledge was not possible; Pyrrhonian skeptics refused to take a dogmatic position on any issue—including skepticism.", "Grand Exit __knowledge__ Grand Exit is a 1935 American detective mystery film with comedy elements, directed for Columbia Pictures by Erle C. Kenton, with screenplay by Bruce Manning and Lionel Houser, based on a story by Gene Towne and Graham Baker.", "Grand Exit __knowledge__ The leads, in their second film together, are Edmund Lowe and Ann Sothern, with supporting players Onslow Stevens, Robert Middlemass and Wyrley Birch.", "Grand Exit __knowledge__ The front page of a brochure depicts a globe with ribbons stating \"INTEROCEANIC FIRE INSURANCE CO.\" and, underneath, \"estd.", "Grand Exit __knowledge__ 1872\" and, still below, \"OFFICES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES\".", "Grand Exit __knowledge__ Turning to page 6., one sees a photograph of a building described above as \"EXCELSIOR PAPER COMPANY\" and below as \"Insured by Interoceanic Fire Insurance Co.\" As a blazing inferno collapses the building in the photo, a policeman moves away the onlookers and one of them (Edmund Lowe) takes a few steps aside to find a woman (Ann Sothern), standing on a pile of crates, observing the fire.", "Climate change denial __knowledge__ Climate change denial, or global warming denial, is part of the global warming controversy.", "Climate change denial __knowledge__ It involves denial, dismissal, unwarranted doubt or contrarian views contradicting the scientific opinion on climate change, including the extent to which it is caused by humans, its impacts on nature and human society, or the potential of adaptation to global warming by human actions.", "Climate change denial __knowledge__ Some deniers do endorse the term, but others often prefer the term climate change skepticism.", "Climate change denial __knowledge__ However several scientists researching this phenomenon have noted that \"skepticism\" is a misnomer and an inaccurate description when referring to those who deny anthropogenic global warming.", "Particle board __knowledge__ Particle board – also known as particleboard, low-density fibreboard (LDF), and chipboard – is an engineered wood product manufactured from wood chips, sawmill shavings, or even sawdust, and a synthetic resin or other suitable binder, which is pressed and extruded.", "Particle board __knowledge__ Oriented strand board, also known as flakeboard, waferboard, or chipboard, is similar but uses machined wood flakes offering more strength.", "Particle board __knowledge__ All of these are composite materials that belong to the spectrum of fiberboard products.", "Particle board __knowledge__ Particle board is cheaper, denser and more uniform than conventional wood and plywood and is substituted for them when cost is more important than strength and appearance." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Food truck __knowledge__ A food truck is a large vehicle equipped to cook and sell food.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Some, including ice cream trucks, sell frozen or prepackaged food; others have on-board kitchens and prepare food from scratch.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Sandwiches, hamburgers, french fries, and other regional fast food fare is common.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In recent years, associated with the pop-up restaurant phenomenon, food trucks offering gourmet cuisine and a variety of specialties and ethnic menus, have become particularly popular.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Food trucks, along with portable food booths and food carts, are on the front line of the street food industry that serves an estimated 2.5 billion people every day.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In the United States, the Texas chuckwagon is a precursor to the American food truck.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In the later 1800s, herding cattle from the Southwest to markets in the North and East kept cowhands on the trail for months at a time.", "Food truck __knowledge__ In 1866, the \"father of the Texas Panhandle,\" Charles Goodnight, a Texas cattle rancher, fitted a sturdy old United States Army wagon with interior shelving and drawers, and stocked it with kitchenware, food and medical supplies.", "Food truck __knowledge__ Food consisted of dried beans, coffee, cornmeal, greasy cloth-wrapped bacon, salt pork, beef, usually dried or salted or smoked, and other easy to preserve food stuffs.", "Funnel cake __knowledge__ Funnel cake (Drechderkuche in Pennsylvania German) is a regional food popular in North America at carnivals, fairs, sporting events, and seaside resorts.", "Funnel cake __knowledge__ The concept of the funnel cake dates back to the early medieval Persian world, where similar yeast-risen dishes were first prepared and later spread to Europe.", "Funnel cake __knowledge__ Pennsylvania Dutch immigrants brought the yeast dish, known as Drechderkuche, to America and around 1879 developed the baking powder version along with its new name, funnel cake.", "Funnel cake __knowledge__ Funnel cakes are made by pouring batter into hot cooking oil in a circular pattern and deep frying the overlapping mass until golden-brown.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ \"Arrested Development\" is an American television sitcom that originally aired on the Fox network from November 2, 2003 to February 10, 2006.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26, 2013.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ Created by Mitchell Hurwitz, the show centers on the Bluth family, a formerly wealthy, habitually dysfunctional family, and is presented in a continuous format, incorporating hand-held camera work, narration, archival photos, and historical footage.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ The series stars Jason Bateman, Portia de Rossi, Will Arnett, Michael Cera, Alia Shawkat, Tony Hale, David Cross, Jeffrey Tambor, and Jessica Walter.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ China–Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC) is a collection of infrastructure projects that are currently under construction throughout Pakistan.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ Originally valued at $46 billion, the value of CPEC projects is now worth $62 billion.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ CPEC is intended to rapidly modernize Pakistani infrastructure and strengthen its economy by the construction of modern transportation networks, numerous energy projects, and special economic zones.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ On 13 November 2016, CPEC became partly operational when Chinese cargo was transported overland to Gwadar Port for onward maritime shipment to Africa and West Asia.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ A vast network of highways and railways are to be built under the aegis of CPEC that will span the length and breadth of Pakistan.", "United States Postal Service __knowledge__ The United States Postal Service (USPS; also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service) is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, including its insular areas and associated states.", "United States Postal Service __knowledge__ It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution.", "United States Postal Service __knowledge__ The U.S. Mail traces its roots to 1775 during the Second Continental Congress, when Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first postmaster general.", "United States Postal Service __knowledge__ The Post Office Department was created in 1792 from Franklin's operation, elevated to a cabinet-level department in 1872, and transformed in 1971 into the U.S.", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration __knowledge__ There were a number of different health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration.", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration __knowledge__ Key reforms address cost and coverage and include obesity, prevention and treatment of chronic conditions, defensive medicine or tort reform, incentives that reward more care instead of better care, redundant payment systems, tax policy, rationing, a shortage of doctors and nurses, intervention vs. hospice, fraud, and use of imaging technology, among others.", "Health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration __knowledge__ The first of these reform proposals to be passed by the United States Congress is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which originated in the Senate and was later passed by the House of Representatives in amended form on March 21, 2010 (with a vote of 219–212).", "Economy of Egypt __knowledge__ The economy of Egypt was a highly centralized planned economy focused on import substitution under President Gamal Abdel Nasser.", "Economy of Egypt __knowledge__ In the 1990s, a series of International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance.", "Economy of Egypt __knowledge__ Since 2000, the pace of structural reforms, including fiscal, monetary policies, taxation, privatization and new business legislations, helped Egypt move towards a more market-oriented economy and prompted increased foreign investment.", "Economy of Egypt __knowledge__ The reforms and policies have strengthened macroeconomic annual growth results which averaged 8% annually between 2004 and 2009 but the government largely failed to equitably share the wealth and the benefits of growth have failed to trickle down to improve economic conditions for the broader population, especially with the growing problem of unemployment and underemployment.", "Schengen Area __knowledge__ The Schengen Area (, ) is an area comprising 26 European states that have officially abolished passport and all other types of border control at their mutual borders.", "Schengen Area __knowledge__ The area mostly functions as a single country for international travel purposes, with a common visa policy.", "Schengen Area __knowledge__ The area is named after the Schengen Agreement.", "Schengen Area __knowledge__ States in the Schengen Area have strengthened border controls with non-Schengen countries.", "Schengen Area __knowledge__ Twenty-two of the twenty-eight European Union (EU) member states participate in the Schengen Area.", "Schengen Area __knowledge__ Of the six EU members that are not part of the Schengen Area, four – Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, and Romania – are legally obliged to join the area, while the other two – the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom – maintain opt-outs.", "Alberta Royalty Review __knowledge__ The 2007 Alberta Royalty Review was an independent panel, chaired by William M. Hunter, established by the government of Alberta to review the level of resource royalties collected by the provincial government from petroleum and natural gas companies.", "Alberta Royalty Review __knowledge__ In their final report entitled \"Our Fair Share\" released on September 18, 2007 the panel concluded that Albertans, who own their natural resources, were not receiving their \"fair share\" from energy development.", "Alberta Royalty Review __knowledge__ Royalty rates and formulas had \"not kept pace with changes in the resource base and world energy markets.\"", "Alberta Royalty Review __knowledge__ As a result of the review new regulations came into effect under the Alberta Mines and Minerals Act including the Petroleum Royalty Regulation, 2009, and the Natural Gas Royalty Regulation, 2009.", "Opposition to the war in Afghanistan (2001–2014) __knowledge__ Opposition to the Afghanistan war stems from numerous factors, including the view that the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan was illegal under international law and constituted an unjustified aggression, the view that the continued military presence constitutes a foreign military occupation, the view that the war does little to prevent terrorism but increases its likelihood, and views on the involvement of geo-political and corporate interests.", "Opposition to the war in Afghanistan (2001–2014) __knowledge__ Also giving rise to opposition to the war are civilian casualties, the cost to taxpayers, the length of the war to date, and the estimates by many that it could last for many more decades." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5, 2 ]

[ "I love food trucks! But i wonder how they started? ", "I understand your skepticism. However most have on board kitchens so its just like a normal restaurant on wheels.", "That's a good reason to be skeptical! However you can't write off a business that serves an estimated 2.5 billion per day! ", "You have a good idea! Baby steps, however if you want to make smaller steps you could start with an ice cream truck. " ]

[ "Food truck", "Food truck", "Food truck", "Food truck" ]

[ "Radiohead", "Are they popular? I don't think I've heard of them!", "Oh cool! They originated not long after one of my favorite bands, The Descendents.", "Is Radiohead your favorite band?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ State of Florida v. George Zimmerman was a criminal prosecution of George Zimmerman on the charge of second-degree murder stemming from the shooting of Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ On April 11, 2012, George Zimmerman was charged with second-degree murder in the shooting death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ In support of the charges, the State filed an affidavit of probable cause, stating that Zimmerman profiled and confronted Martin and shot him to death while Martin was committing no crimes.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ Florida State Attorney Angela Corey announced the charges against Zimmerman during a televised press conference and reported that Zimmerman was in custody after turning himself in to law enforcement.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Hillary Clinton presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton won many primaries, but lost the Democratic Party nomination to Barack Obama during the United States presidential election, 2008.", "Hillary Clinton presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ In February 2007 \"The Los Angeles Times\" reported that several anti-Clinton organizations, including Stop Her Now and \"Stop Hillary PAC\", were preparing \"swiftboating\" style attacks against her, with venues to include a documentary film, numerous books, and websites.", "Hillary Clinton presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ A top Rudy Giuliani donor, Richard Collins, who has also supported George W. Bush for several years, was central in establishing \"Stop Her Now.\"", "Hillary Clinton presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ CNN reported that 320,000 users joined the Facebook group \"Stop Hillary Clinton: (One Million Strong AGAINST Hillary)\".", "Think tank __knowledge__ A think tank, policy institute, or research institute is an organisation that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture.", "Think tank __knowledge__ Most policy institutes are non-profit organisations, which some countries such as the United States and Canada provide with tax exempt status.", "Think tank __knowledge__ Other think tanks are funded by governments, advocacy groups, or corporations, and derive revenue from consulting or research work related to their projects.", "Think tank __knowledge__ The following article lists global policy institutes according to continental categories, and then sub-categories by country within those areas.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter for the pop singer's death on June 25, 2009, from a massive overdose of the general anesthetic propofol.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial, which started on September 27, 2011, was held in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, before Judge Michael Pastor and it was televised.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The prosecutors in the case (David Walgren and Deborah Brazil, both Los Angeles deputy district attorneys), in their opening statement, told jurors: \"misplaced trust in the hands of Murray cost Jackson his life\".", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ In Rainbows is the seventh studio album by English rock band Radiohead, self-released on 10 October 2007 as a pay-what-you-want download.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ It was followed by a physical release internationally by XL Recordings on 3 December 2007 and in the United States on 1 January 2008 by TBD Records.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ It was Radiohead's first release after their recording contract with EMI ended with their previous album \"Hail to the Thief\" (2003).", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ Radiohead worked on \"In Rainbows\" for more than two years, beginning in early 2005.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ In mid-2006, after their initial recording sessions with new producer Spike Stent proved fruitless, the band toured Europe and North America performing \"In Rainbows\" material before re-enlisting their longtime producer Nigel Godrich.", "Kid A __knowledge__ Kid A is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released on 2 October 2000 by Parlophone.", "Kid A __knowledge__ After having suffered a mental breakdown promoting Radiohead's acclaimed 1997 album \"OK Computer\", songwriter Thom Yorke envisioned a radical change in direction.", "Kid A __knowledge__ The band replaced their rock sound with synthesisers, drum machines, the ondes Martenot, string orchestras and brass instruments, and incorporated influences from electronic music, krautrock, jazz, and 20th-century classical music.", "Kid A __knowledge__ They recorded \"Kid A\" with \"OK Computer\" producer Nigel Godrich in Paris, Copenhagen, Gloucestershire and their hometown Oxford, England.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ A Moon Shaped Pool is the ninth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released digitally on 8 May 2016.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ CD and LP releases followed in June 2016 through XL Recordings.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ Radiohead recorded \"A Moon Shaped Pool\" in southern France with longtime producer Nigel Godrich.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ It features strings and choral vocals arranged by Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood and performed by the London Contemporary Orchestra, and additional drumming from Clive Deamer, who performed with Radiohead on their 2012 \"King of Limbs\" tour.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ The artwork was created by singer Thom Yorke with longtime Radiohead collaborator Stanley Donwood, who created abstract works by leaving the canvases outside and allowing the weather to affect the paint.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Hail to the Thief __knowledge__ Hail to the Thief is the sixth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released on 9 June 2003 by Parlophone Records.", "Hail to the Thief __knowledge__ It was produced by longtime Radiohead collaborator Nigel Godrich in Los Angeles.", "Hail to the Thief __knowledge__ To avoid the protracted recording sessions of their previous albums, \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), Radiohead recorded \"Hail to the Thief\" quickly, focusing on recording live takes rather than overdubs.", "Hail to the Thief __knowledge__ Songwriter Thom Yorke wrote many of the lyrics in response to the War on Terror and the resurgence of right-wing politics in the west at the turn of the millennium.", "Hail to the Thief __knowledge__ Despite a high-profile internet leak ten weeks before release, \"Hail to the Thief\" debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and number three on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, and was certified platinum in the UK, US and Canada.", "The King of Limbs __knowledge__ The King of Limbs is the eighth studio album by English rock band Radiohead, self-released on 18 February 2011 as a download in MP3 and WAV formats.", "The King of Limbs __knowledge__ CD and 12\" vinyl versions were released on 28 March 2011 through Radiohead's Ticker Tape imprint and by XL Recordings in the United Kingdom, TBD Records in the United States and by Hostess Entertainment in Japan.", "The King of Limbs __knowledge__ Following the protracted recording and more conventional rock instrumentation of Radiohead's previous studio album \"In Rainbows\" (2007), Radiohead developed much of \"The King of Limbs\" by sampling and looping their recordings.", "The King of Limbs __knowledge__ It was produced by longtime Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz.", "Descendents __knowledge__ The Descendents are a punk rock band formed in 1977 in Manhattan Beach, California by guitarist Frank Navetta, bassist Tony Lombardo and drummer Bill Stevenson.", "Descendents __knowledge__ In 1980, they enlisted Stevenson's school friend Milo Aukerman as a singer, and reappeared as a punk rock band, becoming a major player in the hardcore punk scene developing in Los Angeles at the time.", "Descendents __knowledge__ They have released seven studio albums, three live albums, three compilation albums, and three EPs.", "Descendents __knowledge__ Since 1986, the band's lineup has consisted of singer Milo Aukerman, guitarist Stephen Egerton, bassist Karl Alvarez, and drummer Bill Stevenson.", "Cool to Be You __knowledge__ Cool to Be You is the sixth studio album by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released in 2004 through Fat Wreck Chords.", "Cool to Be You __knowledge__ It was their first album of new studio material since 1996's \"Everything Sucks\", which had been released through Epitaph Records.", "Cool to Be You __knowledge__ Following \"Everything Sucks\", singer Milo Aukerman had returned to his biochemistry career while the other members—bassist Karl Alvarez, guitarist Stephen Egerton, and drummer Bill Stevenson—had continued with their other band All, releasing two more studio albums and a live album through Epitaph between 1998 and 2001 with singer Chad Price.", "Black Flag (band) __knowledge__ Black Flag was an American punk rock band formed in 1976 in Hermosa Beach, California.", "Black Flag (band) __knowledge__ Initially called Panic, the band was established by Greg Ginn, the guitarist, primary songwriter, and sole continuous member through multiple personnel changes in the band.", "Black Flag (band) __knowledge__ They are widely considered to be one of the first hardcore punk bands as well as one of the pioneers of After breaking up in 1986, Black Flag reunited in 2003 and again in 2013.", "Black Flag (band) __knowledge__ Black Flag's sound mixed the raw simplicity of the Ramones with atonal guitar solos and, in later years, frequent tempo shifts.", "Black Flag (band) __knowledge__ The lyrics were written mostly by Ginn, and like other punk bands of the late 1970s and early 1980s, Black Flag voiced an anti-authoritarian and nonconformist message, in songs punctuated with descriptions of social isolation, neurosis, poverty, and paranoia.", "Tony Lombardo __knowledge__ Tony Lombardo (born c. 1945) is an American musician who was the original bassist in the punk rock band the Descendents.", "Tony Lombardo __knowledge__ He joined the band in 1979 and played on their debut single, the \"Fat EP\" (1981), and the albums \"Milo Goes to College\" (1982) and \"I Don't Want to Grow Up\" (1985).", "Tony Lombardo __knowledge__ After leaving the band, he performed in other acts and worked for the United States Postal Service until 2005.", "Tony Lombardo __knowledge__ He collaborated with the Descendents' successor band, All, writing two songs for their album \"Allroy's Revenge\" (1989) and teaming up with them for an album of his own songs, \"New Girl, Old Story\" (1991), credited to \"TonyAll\".", "All (Descendents album) __knowledge__ All is the fourth album by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released in 1987 through SST Records.", "All (Descendents album) __knowledge__ It was the band's first album with bassist Karl Alvarez and guitarist Stephen Egerton, who brought new songwriting ideas to the group.", "All (Descendents album) __knowledge__ The album is titled after the concept of \"All\" invented by drummer Bill Stevenson and friend Pat McCuistion in 1980.", "All (Descendents album) __knowledge__ Based on the goals of achieving \"the total extent\" and \"to not settle for some, to always go for All\", the philosophy was the subject of the one-second title track, the two-second \"No, All!", "All (Descendents album) __knowledge__ \", and \"All-O-Gistics\".", "All (Descendents album) __knowledge__ \"All\" marked the end of the Descendents' original run.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "'Merican __knowledge__ Merican is an EP by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released February 10, 2004.", "'Merican __knowledge__ It was the band's first release for Fat Wreck Chords and served as a pre-release to their sixth studio album \"Cool to Be You\", released the following month.", "'Merican __knowledge__ The EP includes two songs from the album: \"Nothing with You\" and Merican\", and three B-sides from the album's sessions: \"Here with Me\", \"I Quit\", and the hidden track \"Alive\".", "'Merican __knowledge__ \"Merican\" marked the first release of new studio material from the Descendents since 1996's \"Everything Sucks\" and was their third release ever to chart, peaking at number 29 on \"Billboard\"'s Top Independent Albums chart and at number 38 on Top Heatseekers.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ Canadian hardcore punk originated in the early 1980s.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ It was harder, faster, and heavier than the Canadian punk rock that preceded it.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ Hardcore punk (usually referred to simply as hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ The origin of the term \"hardcore punk\" is uncertain.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ The Vancouver-based band D.O.A.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ may have helped to popularize the term with the title of their 1981 album, \"Hardcore '81\".", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ Hardcore historian Steven Blush said that the term \"hardcore\" is also a reference to the sense of being \"fed up\" with the existing punk and new wave music.", "Canadian hardcore punk __knowledge__ Blush also states that the term refers to \"an extreme: the absolute most Punk.\"", "Bauhaus (band) __knowledge__ Bauhaus were an English post-punk band, formed in Northampton, England in 1978.", "Bauhaus (band) __knowledge__ The group consisted of Peter Murphy (vocals, occasional instruments), Daniel Ash (guitar), Kevin Haskins (drums) and David J (bass).", "Bauhaus (band) __knowledge__ The band was originally named Bauhaus 1919 in reference to the first operating year of the German art school Bauhaus, although they shortened the name within a year of formation.", "Bauhaus (band) __knowledge__ One of the first gothic rock groups, Bauhaus were known for their dark image and gloomy sound, although they mixed many genres, including dub, glam rock, psychedelia and funk.", "Bauhaus (band) __knowledge__ Bauhaus broke up in 1983.", "Bauhaus (band) __knowledge__ Peter Murphy began a solo career while Ash and Haskins continued as Tones on Tail and, later, reunited with David J to form Love and Rockets.", "Super Bowl XXXIX __knowledge__ Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season.", "Super Bowl XXXIX __knowledge__ The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21.", "Super Bowl XXXIX __knowledge__ The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium (now known as EverBank Field) in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city.", "Super Bowl XXXIX __knowledge__ The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first team since the 1997–1998 Denver Broncos to win consecutive Super Bowls.", "History of the Helsinki tram system __knowledge__ Today, Helsinki is the only city in Finland to still have tram traffic.", "History of the Helsinki tram system __knowledge__ Two other Finnish cities – Turku \"(see Turku tram)\" and Vyborg (, , ; now part of Russia) – have had tram systems.", "History of the Helsinki tram system __knowledge__ Vyborg abandoned its trams in 1957, after the city had been ceded to the Soviet Union following the result of World War II.", "History of the Helsinki tram system __knowledge__ Turku withdrew its trams in 1972.", "History of the Helsinki tram system __knowledge__ The first proposals for the construction of a tram system into Helsinki were made in the 1870s, but they were at the time unsuccessful.", "History of the Helsinki tram system __knowledge__ Public transport in Helsinki was initiated in 1888 by Helsingin omnibussiosakeyhtiö, using horse-drawn omnibuses.", "History of the Helsinki tram system __knowledge__ In 1889 Helsingin Omnibussiosakeyhtiö acquired the right to construct tram lines in Helsinki.", "McGruff the Crime Dog __knowledge__ McGruff the Crime Dog is an anthropomorphic animated dog created by Dancer Fitzgerald Sample through the Ad Council and later the National Crime Prevention Council to increase crime awareness and personal safety in the United States.", "McGruff the Crime Dog __knowledge__ McGruff costumes are used by police outreach efforts, often with children.", "McGruff the Crime Dog __knowledge__ McGruff was created by Sherry Nemmers and Ray Krivascy in 1979 and debuted in 1980 with a series of public service announcements educating citizens on personal security measures, such as locking doors and putting lights on timers, in order to reduce crime.", "McGruff the Crime Dog __knowledge__ His name was selected as part of a nationwide contest in July 1980.", "List of bands associated with Ringo Sheena __knowledge__ Japanese singer Ringo Sheena has been a member of many bands in the course of her career.", "List of bands associated with Ringo Sheena __knowledge__ Most of those listed were during the 1990s and early 2000s and have two-word names, the first being in kanji and the second in katakana.", "List of bands associated with Ringo Sheena __knowledge__ This naming convention is also present in her studio albums \"Muzai Moratorium\" (1999), \"Shōso Strip\" (2000) and later in 2009, \"Sanmon Gossip\", as well as the songs (1999), (1999), her unpublished song (1999), (2000) and (2000).", "List of bands associated with Ringo Sheena __knowledge__ 37564 (\"Mi Na Go Ro Shi\", \"Massacre\") was a session band formed to perform the song \"Nippon\" (2014).", "List of bands associated with Ringo Sheena __knowledge__ In its initial line-up, it featured three guitarists: Sheena, session musician Yukio Nagoshi and Shinichi Ubukata of the bands Ellegarden and Nothing's Carved in Stone." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Phil Selway (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ After signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, \"Pablo Honey\" (1993).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, \"The Bends\" (1995).", "Radiohead __knowledge__ Radiohead's third album, \"OK Computer\" (1997), propelled them to international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music.", "Radiohead __knowledge__ The group's next albums \"Kid A\" (2000) and \"Amnesiac\" (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz.", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ Radiohead, an alternative rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, have had concerts and other live performances in Europe, North America, Australia, Asia and South America.", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ The band's line-up has been constant since its founding, consisting of Thom Yorke (vocals and guitar), Jonny Greenwood (guitar), Ed O'Brien (guitar), Colin Greenwood (bass guitar), and Phil Selway (drums).", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ The role that each band member plays during performances has changed dramatically throughout the band's history.", "Radiohead live performances __knowledge__ Radiohead formed under the name On a Friday in 1986 and performed local shows in the Oxford area under this name until 1991.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Scott Tenorman Must Die __knowledge__ \"Scott Tenorman Must Die\" is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\", and the 69th episode of the series overall.", "Scott Tenorman Must Die __knowledge__ It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on July 11, 2001.", "Scott Tenorman Must Die __knowledge__ In the episode, 9th-grader Scott Tenorman makes Cartman believe that buying pubic hair from him will make Cartman reach puberty.", "Scott Tenorman Must Die __knowledge__ Realizing that he had been tricked, an angry Cartman murders Scott's parents and feeds them to him.", "Scott Tenorman Must Die __knowledge__ \"South Park\" creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone point to this episode as a milestone in the series.", "Scott Tenorman Must Die __knowledge__ The episode introduced significant changes in the characterisation of Cartman (like setting the standard for his cynical antics in following seasons), and it also prompted the creators to only focus on one plot within an episode, as opposed to the show's earlier episodes, which involved several loosely related subplots.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ In Rainbows is the seventh studio album by English rock band Radiohead, self-released on 10 October 2007 as a pay-what-you-want download.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ It was followed by a physical release internationally by XL Recordings on 3 December 2007 and in the United States on 1 January 2008 by TBD Records.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ It was Radiohead's first release after their recording contract with EMI ended with their previous album \"Hail to the Thief\" (2003).", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ Radiohead worked on \"In Rainbows\" for more than two years, beginning in early 2005.", "In Rainbows __knowledge__ In mid-2006, after their initial recording sessions with new producer Spike Stent proved fruitless, the band toured Europe and North America performing \"In Rainbows\" material before re-enlisting their longtime producer Nigel Godrich.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ A Moon Shaped Pool is the ninth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released digitally on 8 May 2016.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ CD and LP releases followed in June 2016 through XL Recordings.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ Radiohead recorded \"A Moon Shaped Pool\" in southern France with longtime producer Nigel Godrich.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ It features strings and choral vocals arranged by Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood and performed by the London Contemporary Orchestra, and additional drumming from Clive Deamer, who performed with Radiohead on their 2012 \"King of Limbs\" tour.", "A Moon Shaped Pool __knowledge__ The artwork was created by singer Thom Yorke with longtime Radiohead collaborator Stanley Donwood, who created abstract works by leaving the canvases outside and allowing the weather to affect the paint.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Thomas Edward Yorke (born 7 October 1968) is an English musician and composer best known as the singer and principal songwriter of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Yorke mainly plays guitar and piano and works extensively with synthesisers, sequencers and programming.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ He is known for his falsetto vocals; in 2008, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked him the 66th greatest singer of all time.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ Yorke was born in 1968 in Northamptonshire.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ His family moved often before settling in Oxfordshire, where Yorke attended Abingdon School and formed Radiohead with his schoolmates.", "Thom Yorke __knowledge__ After he graduated from the University of Exeter, Radiohead signed to Parlophone; their early hit \"Creep\" made Yorke a celebrity, and Radiohead have gone on to achieve critical acclaim and sales of over 30 million albums.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ Jonathan Richard Guy Greenwood (born 5 November 1971) is an English musician and the lead guitarist and keyboardist of the alternative rock band Radiohead.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ A multi-instrumentalist, Greenwood also plays instruments including the bass guitar, piano, viola, and drums, and is a prominent player of the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He works with electronic techniques such as programming, sampling and looping, and writes music software used by Radiohead.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He described his role in the band as an arranger, helping to transform Thom Yorke's demos into full songs.", "Jonny Greenwood __knowledge__ He has been named one of the greatest guitarists of all time by several publications.", "Nigel Godrich __knowledge__ Nigel Timothy Godrich (born 28 February 1971) is an English record producer, recording engineer and musician.", "Nigel Godrich __knowledge__ He is best known for his work with the English rock band Radiohead, having produced all of their studio albums since \"OK Computer\" (1997); he has been dubbed the \"sixth member\" of the band, in an allusion to George Martin being called the \"Fifth Beatle\".", "Nigel Godrich __knowledge__ Godrich has also worked extensively with Radiohead singer Thom Yorke on his solo material, and is a member of the bands Atoms for Peace (with Yorke) and Ultraísta.", "Nigel Godrich __knowledge__ Other acts Godrich has worked with include Beck, Paul McCartney, U2, R.E.M.", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ Tomorrow's Modern Boxes is the second solo album by Thom Yorke of the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 26 September 2014.", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ It was produced by Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich, with artwork by Radiohead artist Stanley Donwood.", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ The album blends Yorke's vocals and piano playing with electronic beats and textures.", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ Yorke released \"Tomorrow's Modern Boxes\" independently via a paid-for BitTorrent bundle.", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ He and Godrich expressed their wish to find \"an effective way of handing some control of internet commerce back to people who are creating the work\".", "Tomorrow's Modern Boxes __knowledge__ The album was downloaded over a million times within six days of release, and became the most-downloaded legal torrent of 2014; by February 2015, it had been downloaded over 4.5 million times." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 3, 4 ]

[ "Radiohead is an English rock band", "Very popular ad the band formed in 1985", "Yes and since 1984 they have worked with producer Nigel Godrich", "Yes and they debuted first single Creep in 1992" ]

[ "Radiohead", "Radiohead", "Radiohead", "Radiohead" ]

[ "Zebra", "Interesting, why do you think that they have stripes?", "That is really an excellent camouflage. Are there any other reasons that zebra is your favorite animal?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Zebra __knowledge__ Zebras ( or ) are several species of African equids (horse family) united by their distinctive black and white striped coats.", "Zebra __knowledge__ Their stripes come in different patterns, unique to each individual.", "Zebra __knowledge__ They are generally social animals that live in small harems to large herds.", "Zebra __knowledge__ Unlike their closest relatives, horses and donkeys, zebras have never been truly domesticated.", "Zebra __knowledge__ There are three species of zebras: the plains zebra, the mountain zebra and the Grévy's zebra.", "Zebra __knowledge__ The plains zebra and the mountain zebra belong to the subgenus \"Hippotigris\", but Grévy's zebra is the sole species of subgenus \"Dolichohippus\".", "Zebra __knowledge__ The latter resembles an ass, to which zebras are closely related, while the former two look more horse-like.", "Zebra __knowledge__ All three belong to the genus \"Equus\", along with other living equids.", "Zebra __knowledge__ The unique stripes of zebras make them one of the animals most familiar to people.", "Zebra __knowledge__ They occur in a variety of habitats, such as grasslands, savannas, woodlands, thorny scrublands, mountains, and coastal hills.", "Zebra __knowledge__ However, various anthropogenic factors have had a severe impact on zebra populations, in particular hunting for skins and habitat destruction.", "Zebra __knowledge__ Grévy's zebra and the mountain zebra are endangered.", "Zebra __knowledge__ While plains zebras are much more plentiful, one subspecies, the quagga, became extinct in the late 19th century – though there is currently a plan, called the Quagga Project, that aims to breed zebras that are phenotypically similar to the quagga in a process called breeding back." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Zebra __knowledge__ Zebras ( or ) are several species of African equids (horse family) united by their distinctive black and white striped coats.", "Zebra __knowledge__ Their stripes come in different patterns, unique to each individual.", "Zebra __knowledge__ They are generally social animals that live in small harems to large herds.", "Zebra __knowledge__ Unlike their closest relatives, horses and donkeys, zebras have never been truly domesticated.", "Zebra __knowledge__ There are three species of zebras: the plains zebra, the mountain zebra and the Grévy's zebra.", "Zebra __knowledge__ The plains zebra and the mountain zebra belong to the subgenus \"Hippotigris\", but Grévy's zebra is the sole species of subgenus \"Dolichohippus\".", "Zebra __knowledge__ The latter resembles an ass, to which zebras are closely related, while the former two look more horse-like.", "Zebra __knowledge__ All three belong to the genus \"Equus\", along with other living equids.", "Zebra __knowledge__ The unique stripes of zebras make them one of the animals most familiar to people.", "Zebra __knowledge__ They occur in a variety of habitats, such as grasslands, savannas, woodlands, thorny scrublands, mountains, and coastal hills.", "Zebra __knowledge__ However, various anthropogenic factors have had a severe impact on zebra populations, in particular hunting for skins and habitat destruction.", "Zebra __knowledge__ Grévy's zebra and the mountain zebra are endangered.", "Zebra __knowledge__ While plains zebras are much more plentiful, one subspecies, the quagga, became extinct in the late 19th century – though there is currently a plan, called the Quagga Project, that aims to breed zebras that are phenotypically similar to the quagga in a process called breeding back.", "The White Stripes __knowledge__ The White Stripes were an American rock duo formed in 1997 in Detroit, Michigan.", "The White Stripes __knowledge__ The group consisted of Jack White (songwriter, vocals, guitar, piano, and mandolin) and Meg White (drums and vocals).", "The White Stripes __knowledge__ After releasing several singles and three albums within the Detroit music scene, The White Stripes rose to prominence in 2002, as part of the garage rock revival scene.", "The White Stripes __knowledge__ Their successful and critically acclaimed albums \"White Blood Cells\" and \"Elephant\" drew attention from a large variety of media outlets in the United States and the United Kingdom, with the single \"Seven Nation Army\" and its bass line becoming their signature song.", "Jack White __knowledge__ John Anthony \"Jack\" White (né Gillis; July 9, 1975) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor.", "Jack White __knowledge__ He is known as the lead singer and guitarist of duo The White Stripes.", "Jack White __knowledge__ He has also had success in other bands and as a solo artist.", "Jack White __knowledge__ On April 24, 2012, White released his debut solo album, \"Blunderbuss\".", "Jack White __knowledge__ His second studio album, \"Lazaretto\", was released on June 10, 2014.", "Jack White __knowledge__ Both received wide commercial and critical acclaim.", "Jack White __knowledge__ After moonlighting in several underground Detroit bands as a drummer, White founded The White Stripes with fellow Detroit native Meg White in 1997.", "Jack White __knowledge__ Their 2001 breakthrough album, \"White Blood Cells\", brought them international fame with the hit single and accompanying music video, \"Fell in Love with a Girl\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Stars & Stripes 87 __knowledge__ Stars & Stripes 87 (US 55) was the 12 Meter challenge boat sailed by Dennis Conner in his bid to reclaim the America’s Cup from the Royal Perth Yacht Club of Australia in 1987.", "Stars & Stripes 87 __knowledge__ \"Stars & Stripes 87\" was built in 1986.", "Stars & Stripes 87 __knowledge__ She was the culmination of the team’s 12 Meter design advances, the fifth boat in the Sail America Foundation stable, and the third of the new boat designs by Britton Chance, Jr., Bruce Nelson and David Pedrick.", "Stars & Stripes 87 __knowledge__ In 1983 the Cup had been lost to a wing keeled boat that was markedly quicker in stays than \"Liberty\".", "Stars & Stripes 87 __knowledge__ It was known that the course for the Cup in 1987 would have an increase in the number of legs, going from six legs to eight.", "Racing Stripes __knowledge__ Racing Stripes is a 2005 American sports comedy family film directed by Frederik Du Chau.", "Racing Stripes __knowledge__ The film was produced by Andrew A. Kosove, Broderick Johnson, Lloyd Phillips and Edward L. McDonnell, based on a script written by David Schmidt, Steven P. Wegner and Kirk DeMicco.", "Racing Stripes __knowledge__ It was released theatrically on January 14, 2005 by Summit Entertainment and Warner Bros..", "Racing Stripes __knowledge__ The film tells the story of Stripes, a circus zebra who is accidentally abandoned in Kentucky and raised on a farm next to a racing track.", "Racing Stripes __knowledge__ Believing he is a racehorse, Stripes dreams of training for and competing in the races.", "Racing Stripes __knowledge__ The film stars Hayden Panettiere, Bruce Greenwood, Wendie Malick and M. Emmet Walsh, with the vocal and voice talents of Frankie Muniz, Mandy Moore, Michael Clarke Duncan, Jeff Foxworthy, Joshua Jackson, Joe Pantoliano, Michael Rosenbaum, Steve Harvey, David Spade, Snoop Dogg, Fred Dalton Thompson, Dustin Hoffman and Whoopi Goldberg.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The Shelby Mustang is a high performance variant of the Ford Mustang which was built by Shelby American from 1965 to 1968, and from 1969 to 1970 by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Following the introduction of the fifth generation Ford Mustang in 2005, the Shelby nameplate was revived as a new high-performance model, this time designed and built by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The 1965–1966 cars were the smallest and lightest of the GT 350 models.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ These cars are often called \"Cobras\", which was the Ford-powered AC-based two-seat sports car also produced by Shelby American during the same period.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Both models use the Cobra emblem, similar paint scheme, and the optional \"Cobra\" valve covers on many GT350s that were part of a marketing tie-in by Shelby, as well as one of his iconic symbols.", "Logos and uniforms of the New York Jets __knowledge__ The New York Jets' current uniform and primary logo, in use since 1998, are modernized versions of the design the franchise used from 1965-77.", "Logos and uniforms of the New York Jets __knowledge__ The team colors are hunter green and white.", "Logos and uniforms of the New York Jets __knowledge__ The helmet is white with two parallel green stripes down the center (i.e., over the top from forehead to nape) and a green facemask.", "Logos and uniforms of the New York Jets __knowledge__ The primary logo, which appears on each side of the helmet and on the jersey front by the player's left shoulder, is a green oval with the word \"JETS\" in thick white sans-serif italics over \"NY\" in outline serif lettering, and a white miniature football graphic at bottom center.", "Logos and uniforms of the New York Jets __knowledge__ The jerseys have standard one-color block numerals and serif lettering, alternating stripes on the shoulders, and opposite-colored sleeves and TV numerals.", "Equus (genus) __knowledge__ Equus is a genus of mammals in the family Equidae, which includes horses, asses, and zebras.", "Equus (genus) __knowledge__ Within Equidae, \"Equus\" is the only recognized extant genus, comprising seven living species.", "Equus (genus) __knowledge__ The term equine refers to any member of this genus, including horses.", "Equus (genus) __knowledge__ Like Equidae more broadly, \"Equus\" has numerous extinct species known only from fossils.", "Equus (genus) __knowledge__ The genus most likely originated in North America and spread quickly to the Old World.", "Equus (genus) __knowledge__ Equines are odd-toed ungulates with slender legs, long heads, relatively long necks, manes (erect in most subspecies) and long tails.", "Equus (genus) __knowledge__ All species are herbivorous, and mostly grazers with simpler digestive systems than ruminants but able to subsist on lower quality vegetation.", "Hyena __knowledge__ Hyenas or hyaenas (from Greek ὕαινα \"hýaina\") are any feliform carnivoran mammals of the family Hyaenidae .", "Hyena __knowledge__ With only four extant species, it is the fifth-smallest biological family in the Carnivora, and one of the smallest in the class Mammalia.", "Hyena __knowledge__ Despite their low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components of most African ecosystems.", "Hyena __knowledge__ Although phylogenetically they are closer to felines and viverrids, hyenas are behaviourally and morphologically similar to canines in several elements of convergent evolution; both hyenas and canines are non-arboreal, cursorial hunters that catch prey with their teeth rather than claws.", "Spotted hyena __knowledge__ The spotted hyena (\"Crocuta crocuta\"), also known as the laughing hyena, is a species of hyena, currently classed as the sole member of the genus \"Crocuta\", native to Sub-Saharan Africa.", "Spotted hyena __knowledge__ It is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN on account of its widespread range and large numbers estimated between 27,000 and 47,000 individuals.", "Spotted hyena __knowledge__ The species is, however, experiencing declines outside of protected areas due to habitat loss and poaching.", "Spotted hyena __knowledge__ The species may have originated in Asia, and once ranged throughout Europe for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene.", "Spotted hyena __knowledge__ The spotted hyena is the largest known member of the Hyaenidae, and is further physically distinguished from other species by its vaguely bear-like build, its rounded ears, its less prominent mane, its spotted pelt, its more dual purposed dentition, its fewer nipples and the presence of a pseudo-penis in the female.", "Zebroid __knowledge__ A zebroid (also zedonk, zorse, zebra mule, zonkey, and zebmule) is the offspring of any cross between a zebra and any other equine: essentially, a zebra hybrid.", "Zebroid __knowledge__ In most cases, the sire is a zebra stallion.", "Zebroid __knowledge__ Offspring of a donkey sire and zebra dam, called a zebra hinny, or donkra, do exist but are rare.", "Zebroid __knowledge__ Zebroids have been bred since the 19th century.", "Zebroid __knowledge__ Charles Darwin noted several zebra hybrids in his works.", "Zebroid __knowledge__ Zebroid is the term generally used for all zebra hybrids.", "Zebroid __knowledge__ The different hybrids are generally named using a portmanteau of the sire's name and the dam's name.", "Zebroid __knowledge__ There is generally no distinction made as to which zebra species is used.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Striped hyena __knowledge__ The striped hyena (\"Hyaena hyaena\") is a species of hyena native to North and East Africa, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent.", "Striped hyena __knowledge__ It is listed by the IUCN as near-threatened, as the global population is estimated to be under 10,000 mature individuals which continues to experience deliberate and incidental persecution along with a decrease in its prey base such that it may come close to meeting a continuing decline of 10% over the next three generations.", "Striped hyena __knowledge__ It is the smallest of the true hyenas and retains many primitive viverrid characteristics lost in larger species, having a smaller and less specialised skull." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Zebra __knowledge__ Zebras ( or ) are several species of African equids (horse family) united by their distinctive black and white striped coats.", "Zebra __knowledge__ Their stripes come in different patterns, unique to each individual.", "Zebra __knowledge__ They are generally social animals that live in small harems to large herds.", "Zebra __knowledge__ Unlike their closest relatives, horses and donkeys, zebras have never been truly domesticated.", "Zebra __knowledge__ There are three species of zebras: the plains zebra, the mountain zebra and the Grévy's zebra.", "Zebra __knowledge__ The plains zebra and the mountain zebra belong to the subgenus \"Hippotigris\", but Grévy's zebra is the sole species of subgenus \"Dolichohippus\".", "Zebra __knowledge__ The latter resembles an ass, to which zebras are closely related, while the former two look more horse-like.", "Zebra __knowledge__ All three belong to the genus \"Equus\", along with other living equids.", "Zebra __knowledge__ The unique stripes of zebras make them one of the animals most familiar to people.", "Zebra __knowledge__ They occur in a variety of habitats, such as grasslands, savannas, woodlands, thorny scrublands, mountains, and coastal hills.", "Zebra __knowledge__ However, various anthropogenic factors have had a severe impact on zebra populations, in particular hunting for skins and habitat destruction.", "Zebra __knowledge__ Grévy's zebra and the mountain zebra are endangered.", "Zebra __knowledge__ While plains zebras are much more plentiful, one subspecies, the quagga, became extinct in the late 19th century – though there is currently a plan, called the Quagga Project, that aims to breed zebras that are phenotypically similar to the quagga in a process called breeding back.", "Camouflage __knowledge__ Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see (crypsis), or by disguising them as something else (mimesis).", "Camouflage __knowledge__ Examples include the leopard's spotted coat, the battledress of a modern soldier, and the leaf-mimic katydid's wings.", "Camouflage __knowledge__ A third approach, motion dazzle, confuses the observer with a conspicuous pattern, making the object visible but momentarily harder to locate.", "Camouflage __knowledge__ The majority of camouflage methods aim for crypsis, often through a general resemblance to the background, high contrast disruptive coloration, eliminating shadow, and countershading.", "Plains zebra __knowledge__ The plains zebra (\"Equus quagga\", formerly \"Equus burchellii\"), also known as the common zebra or Burchell's zebra, or locally as the \"quagga\" (not to be confused with the extinct subspecies), is the most common and geographically widespread species of zebra.", "Plains zebra __knowledge__ It ranges from the south of Ethiopia through East Africa to as far south as Botswana and eastern South Africa.", "Plains zebra __knowledge__ The plains zebra remains common in game reserves, but is threatened by human activities such as hunting for its meat and hide, as well as competition with livestock and encroachment by farming on much of its habitat.", "Plains zebra __knowledge__ Subspecies include the extinct quagga and six recognised extant subspecies, though there is great variation in coat patterns between individuals.", "Animal coloration __knowledge__ Animal coloration is the general appearance of an animal resulting from the reflection or emission of light from its surfaces.", "Animal coloration __knowledge__ Some animals are brightly coloured, while others are hard to see.", "Animal coloration __knowledge__ In some species, such as the peafowl, the male has strong patterns, conspicuous colours and is iridescent, while the female is far less visible.", "Animal coloration __knowledge__ There are several separate reasons why animals have evolved colours.", "Animal coloration __knowledge__ Camouflage enables an animal to remain hidden from view.", "Animal coloration __knowledge__ Animals use colour to advertise services such as cleaning to animals of other species; to signal their sexual status to other members of the same species; and in mimicry, taking advantage of the warning coloration of another species.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Military camouflage __knowledge__ Military camouflage is the use of camouflage by a military force to protect personnel and equipment from observation by enemy forces.", "Military camouflage __knowledge__ In practice, this means applying colour and materials to military equipment of all kinds, including vehicles, ships, aircraft, gun positions and battledress, either to conceal it from observation (crypsis), or to make it appear as something else (mimicry).", "Military camouflage __knowledge__ The French slang word \"camouflage\" came into common English usage during World War I when the concept of visual deception developed into an essential part of modern military tactics.", "Military camouflage __knowledge__ In that war, long-range artillery and observation from the air combined to expand the field of fire, and camouflage was widely used to decrease the danger of being targeted or to enable surprise.", "List of Pearls Before Swine characters __knowledge__ This is a partial list of major and secondary characters in the comic strip \"Pearls Before Swine\" by Stephan Pastis.", "List of Pearls Before Swine characters __knowledge__ Rat is a megalomaniacal, misanthropic rat, who is frequently critical of the strip's style and artwork, as well as the other characters in his and other strips, real life people, and almost all living (and often nonliving) things.", "List of Pearls Before Swine characters __knowledge__ He believes himself to be much more intelligent than he actually is, and thinks more or less anybody else is stupid with the only person he believes worthy of his respect being Leonardo da Vinci.", "List of Pearls Before Swine characters __knowledge__ He tends to irritate people, particularly his intelligent friend Goat, and is easily irritated by his naïve, dim-witted housemate Pig.", "East African Safari Air __knowledge__ East African Safari Air is an airline based in Kenya.", "East African Safari Air __knowledge__ Its international operations were suspended in September 2004, by the Kenya Civil Aviation Authority, but the airline still maintained scheduled regional and domestic services through its subsidiary East African Safari Air Express.", "East African Safari Air __knowledge__ In December 2010, East African Safari Air Express was ostensibly purchased by the parent company of another Kenyan airline Fly540 and was rebranded as Fly SAX.", "East African Safari Air __knowledge__ (Litigation concerning this purchase is pending in Kenyan courts).", "East African Safari Air __knowledge__ East African Safari Air Limited was founded by Anthony A Kegode, a well known African entrepreneur and aviator.", "Fly-SAX __knowledge__ East African Safari Air Express Ltd trading as Fly-SAX is a Kenyan airline based at Wilson Airport in Nairobi.", "Fly-SAX __knowledge__ Originally East African Safari Air, the airline was rebranded as Fly-SAX after its purchase by the parent company of Kenyan airline Fly540, and it now claims to be Kenya’s premier safari and private charter airline.", "Fly-SAX __knowledge__ Before its current iteration, the airline began operations as East African Safari Air Limited, founded by Anthony A. Kegode and incorporated in May 1989.", "Fly-SAX __knowledge__ The company later changed the name of its airline operations to East African Safari Air Express.", "Fly-SAX __knowledge__ In September 2004, East African Safari Air Express was placed into receivership.", "Ramat Gan Safari __knowledge__ The Zoological Center Tel Aviv-Ramat Gan (commonly known as the Safari Ramat Gan) is the largest collection of wildlife in human care in the Middle East.", "Ramat Gan Safari __knowledge__ The 250-acre site consists of both a drive-through African safari area and a modern outdoor zoo.", "Ramat Gan Safari __knowledge__ It is the home of 83 species of mammals, 92 species of birds and 23 species of reptiles.", "Ramat Gan Safari __knowledge__ More than 700,000 visitors annually from all social and ethnic groups of Israel as well as tourists from abroad.", "Ramat Gan Safari __knowledge__ The animals are seen in open air enclosures amid subtropical gardens.", "Ramat Gan Safari __knowledge__ The African animal park has opened to the general public in 1974.", "Ramat Gan Safari __knowledge__ In 1981, a zoo was established in the middle of the park to replace the former Tel Aviv Zoo, which has closed down.", "African Safari Airways __knowledge__ Africa Safari Airways was an airline based in Mombasa, Kenya.", "African Safari Airways __knowledge__ It operated charter flights and inclusive tours since 1967 from Europe, mainly to Mombasa.", "African Safari Airways __knowledge__ Its main base was Moi International Airport, Mombasa.", "African Safari Airways __knowledge__ It ceased operations in 2009.", "African Safari Airways __knowledge__ Founded in 1967, African Safari Airways was part of the African Safari Club Group of companies.", "African Safari Airways __knowledge__ The airline operated charter flights from European hub airports including London, Frankfurt, Munich, Basel, Milan, Rome, Madrid, Vienna and Paris to Egypt and Kenya.", "African Safari Airways __knowledge__ Initial equipment was provided by Bristol Britannia turboprop airliners from summer 1969 until disposal in 1972.", "Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom __knowledge__ \"Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom: An Exposition of the Laws of Disguise Through Color and Pattern; Being a Summary of Abbott H. Thayer’s Discoveries\" is a book published ostensibly by Gerald H. Thayer in 1909, and revised in 1918, but in fact a collaboration with and completion of his father Abbott Handerson Thayer's major work.", "Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom __knowledge__ The book, illustrated artistically by Abbott Thayer, sets out the controversial thesis that all animal coloration has the evolutionary purpose of camouflage.", "Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom __knowledge__ Thayer rejected Charles Darwin's theory of sexual selection, arguing in words and paintings that even such conspicuous animal features as the peacock's tail or the brilliant pink of flamingoes or roseate spoonbills were effective as camouflage in the right light.", "African Safari Club __knowledge__ African Safari Club was actually a tour operator as opposed to a \"club\".", "African Safari Club __knowledge__ They operate mainly in Africa and Egypt and their websites claim they were founded in 1967 and now own several cruise ships and hotels which they operate.", "African Safari Club __knowledge__ Daily Mail Reader offers are provided by this company.", "African Safari Club __knowledge__ The founder of African Safari Club, Karl Jakob Rüdin, a Swiss national born in 1939, started tour operating and hotel operations in Kenya in 1967, with the erection of his first hotel, the Watamu Beach Hotel.", "African Safari Club __knowledge__ Rüdin started his early career in Switzerland as an Air line operator, namely of Globe Air Globe Air History, financed by Billionaire arts collector R. Staechelin." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Hello, my favorite animal is a Zebra. I love their striped coats", "I believe they are striped to blend in African Safari, it's good camouflage for them. ", "when I was younger I visited Africa, and got to go tour an African Safari Club. There were a lot of Zebras." ]

[ "Zebra", "Zebra", "Zebra" ]

[ "Honda Civic", "I have a ford and it's kinda nice, why do you think your car is the best ever made? That is kind of a bold statement.", "My ford is also a hybrid, so you have yet to prove your point." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "John Ford __knowledge__ John Ford (February 1, 1894 – August 31, 1973) was an American film director.", "John Ford __knowledge__ He is renowned both for Westerns such as \"Stagecoach\" (1939), \"The Searchers\" (1956), and \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\" (1962), as well as adaptations of classic 20th-century American novels such as the film \"The Grapes of Wrath\" (1940).", "John Ford __knowledge__ His four Academy Awards for Best Director (in 1935, 1940, 1941, and 1952) remain a record.", "John Ford __knowledge__ One of the films for which he won the award, \"How Green Was My Valley\", also won Best Picture.", "John Ford __knowledge__ In a career that spanned more than 50 years, Ford directed more than 140 films (although most of his silent films are now lost) and he is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers of his generation.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ It is the first film in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy and the beginning of the \"Star Wars\" franchise.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film's plot focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star.", "Star Wars (film) __knowledge__ This conflict disrupts the isolated life of farmhand Luke Skywalker (Hamill), who inadvertently acquires two droids that possess stolen architectural plans for the Death Star.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Dodge Tomahawk __knowledge__ The Dodge Tomahawk was a non–street legal concept vehicle introduced by Dodge at the 2003 North American International Auto Show.", "Dodge Tomahawk __knowledge__ The Tomahawk attracted significant press and industry attention for its striking design, its use of a large-capacity 10-cylinder automobile engine, and its four close-coupled wheels, which gave a motorcycle-like appearance, and fueled debate on whether it was or was not actually a motorcycle.", "Dodge Tomahawk __knowledge__ The Retro-Art Deco design's central visual element is the , V10 SRT10 engine from the Dodge Viper.", "Dodge Tomahawk __knowledge__ The vehicle has two front wheels and two rear wheels, which are sprung independently and theoretically allow it to lean into corners and countersteer like a motorcycle.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ Citizen Kane is a 1941 American mystery drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ The picture was Welles's first feature film.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ Nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories, it won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ Considered by many critics, filmmakers, and fans to be the greatest film of all time, \"Citizen Kane\" was voted as such in five consecutive British Film Institute \"Sight & Sound\" polls of critics, until it was displaced by \"Vertigo\" in the 2012 poll.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ It topped the American Film Institute's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998, as well as its 2007 update.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Type R is the highest performance version of the Honda Civic made by Honda Motor Company of Japan.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ It features a lightened and stiffened body, specially tuned engine and upgraded brakes and chassis.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ Red is also used in the badge interior to give it a special sporting distinction and to separate it from other Honda models.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ In Japan, there is a one-make series of Honda Type R cars where a privateer can purchase an off-road Type R and compete in a series championship, which is a stepping stone for many aspiring racing drivers.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The first Civic to receive the 'Type R' name was based on the 6th-generation fan-base 'EK' Civic.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The ninth generation Honda Civic was launched in the North American market in April 2011, Europe in February 2012, and Asia in early 2012.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ In May 2010, the ninth-generation Civic was said to be delayed into 2011 because of changing market conditions and tougher fuel economy and emissions regulations.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The Civic was originally planned to become bigger, but after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the global credit crisis in 2008, Honda wanted to make the car smaller, lighter and more fuel-efficient, while increasing space inside.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ On December 13, 2010, Honda unveiled a sketch of the new ninth-generation Civic which was described as \"energetic, sleek and aerodynamic.\"", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Hybrid was a variation of the Honda Civic with a hybrid electric powertrain.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ Honda introduced the Civic Hybrid in Japan in December 2001 and discontinued it in 2015.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ In the United States, it was the first hybrid automobile to be certified as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero-Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB).", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid uses an Integrated Motor Assist hybrid system similar to that of the Honda Insight.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid was only marketed in sedan configurations.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic hybrid, based on the seventh generation Civic, was first introduced to the Japanese market in December 2001.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Insight was the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The first generation Insight is the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ EPA estimates were 61 City/70 Highway/65 Combined.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ However, that was under the old EPA standards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford Fusion Hybrid __knowledge__ The Ford Fusion Hybrid is a gasoline-electric hybrid powered version of the mid-sized Ford Fusion sedan manufactured and marketed by Ford, now in its second generation.", "Ford Fusion Hybrid __knowledge__ A plug-in hybrid version, the Ford Fusion Energi, was released in the U.S. in February 2013.", "Ford Fusion Hybrid __knowledge__ The first generation was launched to the U.S. market in March 2009 for model year 2010, together with its badge-engineered variants, the Mercury Milan Hybrid and the Lincoln MKZ Hybrid.", "Ford Fusion Hybrid __knowledge__ The second generation was launched under the Ford and Lincoln brands for model year 2013, went on sale in the U.S. in October 2012.", "Ford Fusion Hybrid __knowledge__ The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rated the 2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid at combined city/highway.", "Ford Escape __knowledge__ The Ford Escape is a compact crossover vehicle sold by Ford since 2000 over three generations.", "Ford Escape __knowledge__ Ford released the original model in 2000 for the 2001 model year—a model jointly developed and released with Mazda of Japan—who took a lead in the engineering of the two models and sold their version as the Mazda Tribute.", "Ford Escape __knowledge__ Although the Escape and Tribute share the same underpinnings constructed from the Ford CD2 platform (based on Mazda GF underpinnings), the only panels common to the two vehicles are the roof and floor pressings.", "Ford Escape __knowledge__ Powertrains were supplied by Mazda with respect to the base inline-four engine, with Ford providing the optional V6.", "Ford C-Max __knowledge__ The Ford C-Max (stylized as Ford C-MAX and previously called the Ford Focus C-Max) is a compact multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) produced by the Ford Motor Company since 2003.", "Ford C-Max __knowledge__ The Ford Grand C-Max has a larger wheelbase.", "Ford C-Max __knowledge__ Ford introduced the C-Max in the United States as its first hybrid-only line of vehicles, which includes the C-Max Hybrid, released in September 2012, and the C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid, launched in October 2012.", "Ford C-Max __knowledge__ Although the C-Max was initially available only in Europe, the first generation was partially available in New Zealand.", "Ford C-Max __knowledge__ With the introduction of the new large MPVs S-Max and Galaxy, the C-Max is now the mid-sized multi-purpose vehicle in Ford's lineup, above the B-Max.", "Hybrid vehicle drivetrain __knowledge__ Hybrid vehicle drivetrains transmit power to the driving wheels for hybrid vehicles.", "Hybrid vehicle drivetrain __knowledge__ A hybrid vehicle has multiple forms of motive power.", "Hybrid vehicle drivetrain __knowledge__ Hybrids come in many configurations.", "Hybrid vehicle drivetrain __knowledge__ For example, a hybrid may receive its energy by burning petroleum, but switch between an electric motor and a combustion engine.", "Hybrid vehicle drivetrain __knowledge__ Electrical vehicles have a long history combining internal combustion and electrical transmission –as in a diesel-electric powertrain–, although they have mostly been used for rail locomotives.", "Hybrid vehicle drivetrain __knowledge__ A diesel-electric powertrain fails the definition of hybrid because the electrical drive transmission directly replaces the mechanical transmission rather than being a supplementary source of motive power.", "Ford Fusion (Americas) __knowledge__ The Ford Fusion is a four-door, five passenger mid-size sedan manufactured and marketed by Ford across three generations in gasoline, gas/electric hybrid, and full electric variants.", "Ford Fusion (Americas) __knowledge__ Introduced for model year 2006, the Fusion is manufactured at Ford's Hermosillo Stamping & Assembly plant along with its rebadged variant the Lincoln MKZ — and formerly with its now discontinued rebadged variant, the Mercury Milan, all sharing the CD3 platform.", "Ford Fusion (Americas) __knowledge__ Production on the first Fusions began on August 1, 2005.", "Ford Fusion (Americas) __knowledge__ The Fusion replaced the Mondeo for the Latin American markets—except in Argentina (where the current European Mondeo is available) and in the United States and Canada (where it superseded the then mid-size Taurus and the compact Contour).", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from an external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and the electricity stored in the rechargeable battery packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ PEV is a subset of electric vehicles that includes all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ In China, plug-in electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs).", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ Plug-in cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Plug-in hybrid __knowledge__ A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle that can be recharged by plugging it in to an external source of electric power as well by its on-board engine and generator.", "Plug-in hybrid __knowledge__ Most PHEVs are passenger cars but there are also PHEV versions of commercial vehicles and vans, utility trucks, buses, trains, motorcycles, scooters, and military vehicles.", "Plug-in hybrid __knowledge__ Similarly to all-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids displace emissions from the car tailpipe to the generators powering the grid.", "Plug-in hybrid __knowledge__ These sources may be renewable or may have lower emission than an internal combustion engine.", "Plug-in hybrid __knowledge__ Charging the battery from the grid can be lower cost than using the on-board engine, helping to reduce operating cost.", "History of plug-in hybrids __knowledge__ The history of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) spans a little more than a century, but most of the significant commercial developments have taken place after 2002.", "History of plug-in hybrids __knowledge__ The revival of interest in this automotive technology together with all-electric cars is due to advances in battery and power management technologies, and concerns about increasingly volatile oil prices and supply disruption, and also the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.", "History of plug-in hybrids __knowledge__ Between 2003 and 2010 most PHEVs on the roads were conversions of production hybrid electric vehicles, and the most prominent PHEVs were aftermarket conversions of 2004 or later Toyota Prius, which have had plug-in charging and more lead-acid batteries added and their electric-only range extended.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid vehicle uses two or more distinct types of power, such as internal combustion engine to drive an electric generator that powers an electric motor, e.g.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ in diesel-electric trains using diesel engines to drive an electric generator that powers an electric motor, and submarines that use diesels when surfaced and batteries when submerged.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ Power sources for hybrid vehicles include: Mopeds, electric bicycles, and even electric kick scooters are a simple form of a hybrid, powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor and the rider's muscles." ] ]

[ 2, 58, 16 ]

[ "I love my Honda Civic - I think it is the best all round vehicle ever made", "They even made it into a Hybrid, which steps up the gas mileage with the hybrid electric powertrain", "Ford was founded in 1903 and has a rich history of stalled cars on the side of highways" ]

[ "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic" ]

[ "Skin care\nI am really into skin care. I think it is important to take care of your skin.", "Yes and there are millions of options to choose from on the market. It can be quite confusing at times.", "All the time!! For ones entire life. No wonder it is a multi-billion dollar industry.", "Yeah there is so many types of skin care treatments. Skin is the largest organ on the body so that makes sense.", "Interesting. :)" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is the range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance and relieve skin conditions.", "Skin care __knowledge__ They can include nutrition, avoidance of excessive sun exposure and appropriate use of emollients.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Practices that enhance appearance include the use of cosmetics, botulinum, exfoliation, fillers, laser resurfacing, microdermabrasion, peels, retinol therapy.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is a routine daily procedure in many settings, such as skin that is either too dry or too moist, and prevention of dermatitis and prevention of skin injuries.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is a part of the treatment of wound healing, radiation therapy and some medications.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care sits at the interface of what is commonly thought of as personal care products, such as cosmetics, and dermatology, traditionally a medical discipline in which medical doctors diagnose and treat skin diseases; there is some overlap with each of these topics.", "Skin care __knowledge__ The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines cosmetics as products intended to cleanse or beautify (for instance, shampoos and lipstick).", "Skin care __knowledge__ A separate category exists for medications, which are intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease, or to affect the structure or function of the body (for instance, sunscreens and acne creams), although some products, such as moisturizing sunscreens and anti-dandruff shampoos, are regulated within both categories.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients, which may include herbs, roots, flowers and essential oils, but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax, and minerals.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ These substances may be combined with various carrier agents, preservatives, surfactants, humectants and emulsifiers.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ There are no legal definitions in the U.S. for advertising terms \"natural\" or \"organic\" when applied to personal care products.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Consumers often express a preference for skin products with organic and natural ingredients.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ Kangaroo care or kangaroo mother care (KMC), sometimes called skin-to-skin care, is a technique of newborn care where babies are kept skin-to-skin with a parent, typically their mother.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ It is most commonly used for low birth-weight preterm babies, who are more likely to suffer from hypothermia, while admitted to a neonatal unit to keep the baby warm and support early breastfeeding.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ Kangaroo care, named for the similarity to how certain marsupials carry their young, was initially developed in the 1970s to care for preterm infants in countries where incubators were either unavailable or unreliable.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Christine Valmy __knowledge__ Christine Valmy (October 25, 1926 – January 18, 2015) was a Romanian-born American esthetician, consultant, and entrepreneur known as a pioneer in the fields of skin care and esthetics in the United States.", "Christine Valmy __knowledge__ Valmy founded the first esthetician school in the United States in 1966, and is widely credited as one of the most influential figures in modern aesthetics.", "Christine Valmy __knowledge__ Christine Valmy was born Cristina Xantopol in Bucharest, Romania in 1926.", "Christine Valmy __knowledge__ She graduated from the law school of the University of Bucharest in 1946.", "Christine Valmy __knowledge__ During this period, she took a course in dermatology and skin care, which later formed the foundation of her career as an esthetician.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Beiersdorf AG is a German personal-care company based in Hamburg, manufacturing personal-care products and pressure-sensitive adhesives.", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Its brands include Elastoplast, Eucerin (makers of Aquaphor), Labello, La Prairie, Nivea and tesa (tesa tape).", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Although its shares are publicly listed, Beiersdorf is controlled by Maxingvest AG (parent company of Tchibo), which directly owns 50.49% of shares.", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Beiersdorf is organized in two separate business segments: \"consumer business\" and \"tesa\".", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ The consumer business segments focuses on the brand´s core which is skin care, while the tesa business segment is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of self-adhesive products." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is the range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance and relieve skin conditions.", "Skin care __knowledge__ They can include nutrition, avoidance of excessive sun exposure and appropriate use of emollients.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Practices that enhance appearance include the use of cosmetics, botulinum, exfoliation, fillers, laser resurfacing, microdermabrasion, peels, retinol therapy.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is a routine daily procedure in many settings, such as skin that is either too dry or too moist, and prevention of dermatitis and prevention of skin injuries.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is a part of the treatment of wound healing, radiation therapy and some medications.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care sits at the interface of what is commonly thought of as personal care products, such as cosmetics, and dermatology, traditionally a medical discipline in which medical doctors diagnose and treat skin diseases; there is some overlap with each of these topics.", "Skin care __knowledge__ The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines cosmetics as products intended to cleanse or beautify (for instance, shampoos and lipstick).", "Skin care __knowledge__ A separate category exists for medications, which are intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease, or to affect the structure or function of the body (for instance, sunscreens and acne creams), although some products, such as moisturizing sunscreens and anti-dandruff shampoos, are regulated within both categories.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the compensation of company executives is distinguished by the forms it takes and its dramatic rise over the past three decades and wide-ranging criticism leveled against it.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ In the past three decades in America executive compensation or pay has risen dramatically beyond what can be explained by changes in firm size, performance, and industry classification.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ It is the highest in the world in both absolute terms and relative to median salary in the US.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ It has been criticized not only as excessive, but also for \"rewarding failure\"—including massive drops in stock price, and much of the national growth in income inequality.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Suzuki Carry __knowledge__ The Suzuki Carry is a kei truck produced by the Japanese automaker Suzuki.", "Suzuki Carry __knowledge__ The microvan version was originally called the Carry van until 1982 when the van was renamed as the Suzuki Every ().", "Suzuki Carry __knowledge__ In Japan, the Carry and Every are \"Kei cars\" but the Suzuki Every Plus, the bigger version of Every, had a longer bonnet for safety purposes and a larger 1.3-liter 86 hp (63 kW) four-cylinder engine.", "Suzuki Carry __knowledge__ They have been sold under a myriad different names in several countries, and was the only car offered with Chevrolet and Ford and Chrysler badges.", "Suzuki Carry __knowledge__ In their home market, the Carry truck and van (and Every van) compete with a number of similarly sized vehicles, such as the Kurogane Baby, Honda Acty, Subaru Sambar, Mitsubishi Minicab, and the Daihatsu Hijet.", "Moisturizer __knowledge__ Moisturizers or emollients are complex mixtures of chemical agents (often occlusives help hold water in the skin after application, humectants attract moisture and emollients help smooth the skin.)", "Moisturizer __knowledge__ specially designed to make the external layers of the skin (epidermis) softer and more pliable.", "Moisturizer __knowledge__ They increase the skin's hydration (water content) by reducing evaporation.", "Moisturizer __knowledge__ Naturally occurring skin lipids and sterols, as well as artificial or natural oils, humectants, emollients, lubricants, etc., may be part of the composition of commercial skin moisturizers.", "Moisturizer __knowledge__ They usually are available as commercial products for cosmetic and therapeutic uses, but can also be made at home using common pharmacy ingredients.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and health.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Generally, people can survive up to 40 days without food, a period largely dependent on the amount of water consumed, stored body fat, muscle mass and genetic factors.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, a poor understanding of nutrition and dietary practices, and deficient sanitation and food security.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition and its consequences are large contributors to deaths and disabilities worldwide.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Good nutrition helps children grow physically, promotes human biological development and helps in the eradication of poverty.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), \"Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases.\"", "Hygiene __knowledge__ Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ Many people equate hygiene with 'cleanliness,' but hygiene is a broad term.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ It includes such personal habit choices as how frequently to bathe, wash hands, trim fingernails, and change clothing.", "Hygiene __knowledge__ It also includes attention to keeping surfaces in the home and workplace, including bathroom facilities, clean and pathogen-free.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients, which may include herbs, roots, flowers and essential oils, but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax, and minerals.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ These substances may be combined with various carrier agents, preservatives, surfactants, humectants and emulsifiers.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ There are no legal definitions in the U.S. for advertising terms \"natural\" or \"organic\" when applied to personal care products.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Consumers often express a preference for skin products with organic and natural ingredients.", "Alternative medicine __knowledge__ Alternative medicine or fringe medicine consists of practices claimed to have the healing effects of medicine but which are disproven, unproven, impossible to prove, or are excessively harmful in relation to their effect; and where the scientific consensus is that the therapy does not, or cannot, work because the known laws of nature are violated by its basic claims; or where it is considered so much worse than conventional treatment that it would be unethical to offer as treatment.", "Alternative medicine __knowledge__ Alternative therapies or diagnoses are not part of medicine or science-based healthcare systems.", "Alternative medicine __knowledge__ Alternative medicine consists of a wide variety of practices, products, and therapies – ranging from those that are biologically plausible but not well tested, to those with known harmful and toxic effects.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ Kangaroo care or kangaroo mother care (KMC), sometimes called skin-to-skin care, is a technique of newborn care where babies are kept skin-to-skin with a parent, typically their mother.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ It is most commonly used for low birth-weight preterm babies, who are more likely to suffer from hypothermia, while admitted to a neonatal unit to keep the baby warm and support early breastfeeding.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ Kangaroo care, named for the similarity to how certain marsupials carry their young, was initially developed in the 1970s to care for preterm infants in countries where incubators were either unavailable or unreliable." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is the range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance and relieve skin conditions.", "Skin care __knowledge__ They can include nutrition, avoidance of excessive sun exposure and appropriate use of emollients.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Practices that enhance appearance include the use of cosmetics, botulinum, exfoliation, fillers, laser resurfacing, microdermabrasion, peels, retinol therapy.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is a routine daily procedure in many settings, such as skin that is either too dry or too moist, and prevention of dermatitis and prevention of skin injuries.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is a part of the treatment of wound healing, radiation therapy and some medications.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care sits at the interface of what is commonly thought of as personal care products, such as cosmetics, and dermatology, traditionally a medical discipline in which medical doctors diagnose and treat skin diseases; there is some overlap with each of these topics.", "Skin care __knowledge__ The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines cosmetics as products intended to cleanse or beautify (for instance, shampoos and lipstick).", "Skin care __knowledge__ A separate category exists for medications, which are intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease, or to affect the structure or function of the body (for instance, sunscreens and acne creams), although some products, such as moisturizing sunscreens and anti-dandruff shampoos, are regulated within both categories.", "Criticism of advertising __knowledge__ Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience to purchase products, ideals or services.", "Criticism of advertising __knowledge__ While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic growth, it is not without social costs.", "Criticism of advertising __knowledge__ Unsolicited commercial email and other forms of spam have become so prevalent that they are a major nuisance to internet users, as well as being a financial burden on internet service providers.", "Criticism of advertising __knowledge__ Advertising increasingly invades public spaces, such as schools, which some critics argue is a form of child exploitation.", "Criticism of advertising __knowledge__ Advertising frequently uses psychological pressure (for example, appealing to feelings of inadequacy) on the intended consumer, which may be harmful.", "Billion Dollar Babies __knowledge__ Billion Dollar Babies is the sixth studio album by American rock band Alice Cooper, released in 1973.", "Billion Dollar Babies __knowledge__ The album became the best selling Alice Cooper record at the time of its release, hit number one on the album charts in both the United States and the United Kingdom, and went on to be certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.", "Billion Dollar Babies __knowledge__ The album was well received by such critics as Robert Christgau, Greg Prato of AllMusic, and Jason Thompson of \"PopMatters\", but \"The Rolling Stone\" gave the album only two and a half stars.", "Billion Dollar Babies __knowledge__ Songs were recorded in both the state of Connecticut and London, England.", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ Alice Cooper (born Vincent Damon Furnier; February 4, 1948) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spans over five decades.", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ With his distinctive raspy voice and a stage show that features guillotines, electric chairs, fake blood, deadly snakes, baby dolls, and dueling swords, Cooper is considered by music journalists and peers alike to be \"The Godfather of Shock Rock\".", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ He has drawn equally from horror films, vaudeville, and garage rock to pioneer a macabre and theatrical brand of rock designed to shock people.", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ Originating in Phoenix, Arizona, in the late 1960s after he moved from Detroit, Michigan, \"Alice Cooper\" was originally a band consisting of Furnier on vocals and harmonica, lead guitarist Glen Buxton, Michael Bruce on rhythm guitar, Dennis Dunaway on bass guitar, and drummer Neal Smith.", "Billion Dollar Boy __knowledge__ Billion Dollar Boy is a global influencer marketing agency.", "Billion Dollar Boy __knowledge__ It combines creativity, technology and a global network of influencers to publish content and drive engagement across social media at scale.", "Billion Dollar Boy __knowledge__ It has two offices in London and New York City.", "Billion Dollar Boy __knowledge__ Its advisors include Hollywood producers Guy East and Nigel Sinclair.", "Billion Dollar Boy __knowledge__ The company initially focused on a digital rights management service aimed at independent film and TV production companies.", "Billion Dollar Boy __knowledge__ Billion Dollar Boy was founded on May 27, 2014 by Edward East, Thomas Walters and Permele Doyle.", "Billion Dollar Boy __knowledge__ Company clients include L'Oreal, Estée Lauder Companies, Armani, Diageo, Unilever and others.", "Debt buyer (United States) __knowledge__ A debt buyer is a company, sometimes a collection agency, a private debt collection law firm, or a private investor that purchases delinquent or charged-off debts from a creditor or lender for a percentage of the face value of the debt based on the potential collectibility of the accounts.", "Debt buyer (United States) __knowledge__ The debt buyer can then collect on its own, utilize the services of a third-party collection agency, repackage and resell portions of the purchased portfolio or any combination of these options.", "Debt buyer (United States) __knowledge__ The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) administers the 1997 landmark federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), which established debt collection industry standards and depends on the industry self-regulating or \"self-enforcing\" the statute through \"private action\" as opposed to \"government law enforcement\".", "Billion Dollar Babies (song) __knowledge__ \"Billion Dollar Babies\" is a popular 1973 single by rock group Alice Cooper, taken from the album \"Billion Dollar Babies\".", "Billion Dollar Babies (song) __knowledge__ It was released in July 1973, months after the album had been released.", "Billion Dollar Babies (song) __knowledge__ The track is a duet between Alice Cooper and Donovan, who provides the falsetto vocals.", "Billion Dollar Babies (song) __knowledge__ BMI lists the composers of \"Billion Dollar Babies\" as Alice Cooper, Michael Bruce and Reggie Vinson (a session guitarist who had worked with the Alice Cooper band previously).", "Billion Dollar Babies (song) __knowledge__ Some sources list the composers as Cooper, Bruce, drummer Neal Smith, and \"R. Reggie,\" the latter being an allusion to Vinson's nickname \"Rockin' Reggie Vinson.\"", "Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie __knowledge__ Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie is a 2012 American comedy film written and directed by Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim.", "Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie __knowledge__ The film stars Heidecker and Wareheim with a supporting cast which includes Zach Galifianakis, Will Ferrell, John C. Reilly, Ray Wise, Twink Caplan, Robert Loggia, and Will Forte.", "Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie __knowledge__ After wasting their billion dollar movie budget on a short film, Heidecker and Wareheim try to pay back the money by re-opening an abandoned shopping mall.", "Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie __knowledge__ The film was released in theaters on March 2, 2012, and was released to iTunes and on-demand January 27, 2013.", "Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie __knowledge__ Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim are two filmmakers who are given a record-setting $1 billion budget to make a movie.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients, which may include herbs, roots, flowers and essential oils, but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax, and minerals.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ These substances may be combined with various carrier agents, preservatives, surfactants, humectants and emulsifiers.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ There are no legal definitions in the U.S. for advertising terms \"natural\" or \"organic\" when applied to personal care products.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Consumers often express a preference for skin products with organic and natural ingredients.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ Kangaroo care or kangaroo mother care (KMC), sometimes called skin-to-skin care, is a technique of newborn care where babies are kept skin-to-skin with a parent, typically their mother.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ It is most commonly used for low birth-weight preterm babies, who are more likely to suffer from hypothermia, while admitted to a neonatal unit to keep the baby warm and support early breastfeeding.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ Kangaroo care, named for the similarity to how certain marsupials carry their young, was initially developed in the 1970s to care for preterm infants in countries where incubators were either unavailable or unreliable.", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Beiersdorf AG is a German personal-care company based in Hamburg, manufacturing personal-care products and pressure-sensitive adhesives.", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Its brands include Elastoplast, Eucerin (makers of Aquaphor), Labello, La Prairie, Nivea and tesa (tesa tape).", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Although its shares are publicly listed, Beiersdorf is controlled by Maxingvest AG (parent company of Tchibo), which directly owns 50.49% of shares.", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Beiersdorf is organized in two separate business segments: \"consumer business\" and \"tesa\".", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ The consumer business segments focuses on the brand´s core which is skin care, while the tesa business segment is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of self-adhesive products.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Cosmetology (from Greek , \"kosmētikos\", \"beautifying\"; and , \"-logia\") is the study and application of beauty treatment.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Branches of specialty include hairstyling, skin care, cosmetics, manicures/pedicures, non permanent hair removal such as waxing and sugaring and permanent hair removal processes such as electrology and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL).", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ A cosmetologist is defined as a person who gives beauty treatments to skin and hair etc.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Cosmetologists can be expanded into multiple parts including cutting and chemically treating hair, chemical hair removal without a sharp blade, fashion trends, wigs, nails and skin care, skin and hair analysis; relaxation techniques including head, neck, scalp, hand and feet basic massage and aroma therapies; plus ability to expertly apply makeup applications to cover or promote and can expand into further specialties such as reflexology; theatrical applications; cosmetics and others as listed below.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade is a social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and to promote sustainable farming.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Members of the movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ The movement focuses in particular on commodities, or products which are typically exported from developing countries to developed countries, but also consumed in domestic markets (e.g.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Brazil, India and Bangladesh) most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, wine, sugar, fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers and gold.", "European Union law __knowledge__ European Union law is a system of rules operating within the member states of the European Union.", "European Union law __knowledge__ Since the founding of the Coal and Steel Community after World War II, the EU has developed the aim to \"promote peace, its values and the well-being of its peoples\".", "European Union law __knowledge__ The EU has political institutions, social and economic policies, which transcend nation-states for the purpose of cooperation and human development.", "European Union law __knowledge__ According to its Court of Justice the EU represents \"a new legal order of international law\".\"Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen\" (1963) Case 26/62 The EU's legal foundations are the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, unanimously agreed by the governments of 28 member states." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is the range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance and relieve skin conditions.", "Skin care __knowledge__ They can include nutrition, avoidance of excessive sun exposure and appropriate use of emollients.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Practices that enhance appearance include the use of cosmetics, botulinum, exfoliation, fillers, laser resurfacing, microdermabrasion, peels, retinol therapy.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is a routine daily procedure in many settings, such as skin that is either too dry or too moist, and prevention of dermatitis and prevention of skin injuries.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is a part of the treatment of wound healing, radiation therapy and some medications.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care sits at the interface of what is commonly thought of as personal care products, such as cosmetics, and dermatology, traditionally a medical discipline in which medical doctors diagnose and treat skin diseases; there is some overlap with each of these topics.", "Skin care __knowledge__ The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines cosmetics as products intended to cleanse or beautify (for instance, shampoos and lipstick).", "Skin care __knowledge__ A separate category exists for medications, which are intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease, or to affect the structure or function of the body (for instance, sunscreens and acne creams), although some products, such as moisturizing sunscreens and anti-dandruff shampoos, are regulated within both categories.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients, which may include herbs, roots, flowers and essential oils, but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax, and minerals.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ These substances may be combined with various carrier agents, preservatives, surfactants, humectants and emulsifiers.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ There are no legal definitions in the U.S. for advertising terms \"natural\" or \"organic\" when applied to personal care products.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Consumers often express a preference for skin products with organic and natural ingredients.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements.", "Cancer __knowledge__ While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive drinking of alcohol.", "Human skin __knowledge__ The human skin is the outer covering of the body.", "Human skin __knowledge__ In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system.", "Human skin __knowledge__ The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs.", "Human skin __knowledge__ Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals, and human skin is very similar to pig skin.", "Human skin __knowledge__ Though nearly all human skin is covered with hair follicles, it can appear hairless.", "Human skin __knowledge__ There are two general types of skin, hairy and glabrous skin (hairless).", "Human skin __knowledge__ The adjective cutaneous literally means \"of the skin\" (from Latin \"cutis\", skin).", "Human skin __knowledge__ Because it interfaces with the environment, skin plays an important immunity role in protecting the body against pathogens and excessive water loss.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ Kangaroo care or kangaroo mother care (KMC), sometimes called skin-to-skin care, is a technique of newborn care where babies are kept skin-to-skin with a parent, typically their mother.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ It is most commonly used for low birth-weight preterm babies, who are more likely to suffer from hypothermia, while admitted to a neonatal unit to keep the baby warm and support early breastfeeding.", "Kangaroo care __knowledge__ Kangaroo care, named for the similarity to how certain marsupials carry their young, was initially developed in the 1970s to care for preterm infants in countries where incubators were either unavailable or unreliable.", "Lydia Sarfati __knowledge__ Lydia Sarfati is a Polish-born American esthetician, entrepreneur, consultant and author.", "Lydia Sarfati __knowledge__ She is credited with having introduced seaweed-based skin treatments in the United States, In 1980, she founded the Sarkli-Repêchage cosmetics company, together with her husband David.", "Lydia Sarfati __knowledge__ She is the author of several books on cosmetology and wellness.", "Lydia Sarfati __knowledge__ Lydia Sarfati was born in Poland.", "Lydia Sarfati __knowledge__ She is the daughter of Polish Jews Szloma and Sofia Mops, both of whom were survivors of the Holocaust.", "Lydia Sarfati __knowledge__ Lydia grew up in Legnica; during her time in Poland, she took her first professional training, a medically oriented skin care course.Her family migrated to Italy, and in 1970, the family got the opportunity to leave for the United States, and settled in New York City, where she got her first job as a makeup artist in a salon on Madison Avenue.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Radiation therapy __knowledge__ Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is therapy using ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator.", "Radiation therapy __knowledge__ Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of cancer if they are localized to one area of the body.", "Radiation therapy __knowledge__ It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor (for example, early stages of breast cancer).", "Radiation therapy __knowledge__ Radiation therapy is synergistic with chemotherapy, and has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in susceptible cancers.", "Wound healing __knowledge__ Wound healing is an intricate process in which the skin repairs itself after injury.", "Wound healing __knowledge__ In this article, wound healing is depicted in a discrete timeline of physical attributes (phases) constituting the post-trauma repairing process.", "Wound healing __knowledge__ In undamaged skin, the epidermis (surface layer) and dermis (deeper layer) form a protective barrier against the external environment.", "Wound healing __knowledge__ When the barrier is broken, a regulated sequence of biochemical events is set into motion to repair the damage.", "Wound healing __knowledge__ This process is divided into predictable phases: blood clotting (hemostasis), inflammation, tissue growth (proliferation), and tissue remodeling (maturation).", "Chronic wound __knowledge__ A chronic wound is a wound that does not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time the way most wounds do; wounds that do not heal within three months are often considered chronic.", "Chronic wound __knowledge__ Chronic wounds seem to be detained in one or more of the phases of wound healing.", "Chronic wound __knowledge__ For example, chronic wounds often remain in the inflammatory stage for too long.", "Chronic wound __knowledge__ To overcome that stage and jump-start the healing process a number of factors need to be addressed such as bacterial burden, necrotic tissue, and moisture balance of the whole wound.", "Chronic wound __knowledge__ In acute wounds, there is a precise balance between production and degradation of molecules such as collagen; in chronic wounds this balance is lost and degradation plays too large a role.", "Diabetic foot ulcer __knowledge__ Diabetic foot ulcer is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, and probably the major component of the diabetic foot.", "Diabetic foot ulcer __knowledge__ Wound healing is an innate mechanism of action that works reliably most of the time.", "Diabetic foot ulcer __knowledge__ A key feature of wound healing is stepwise repair of lost extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms the largest component of the dermal skin layer.", "Diabetic foot ulcer __knowledge__ But in some cases, certain disorders or physiological insult disturbs the wound healing process.", "Diabetic foot ulcer __knowledge__ Diabetes mellitus is one such metabolic disorder that impedes the normal steps of the wound healing process.", "Diabetic foot ulcer __knowledge__ Many studies show a prolonged inflammatory phase in diabetic wounds, which causes a delay in the formation of mature granulation tissue and a parallel reduction in wound tensile strength.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System is one of South Carolina’s largest healthcare systems, serving 11 counties including Spartanburg, Greenville, Cherokee, Laurens, Newberry and Union counties in South Carolina, and Rutherford county in North Carolina.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ It is an integrated healthcare delivery system which provides healthcare from birth to hospice.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ The Spartanburg Regional Health Services District, Inc. is a self-funded, political subdivision of the state of South Carolina and does not receive tax dollars from the community.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ SRHS is composed of Spartanburg Medical Center, Pelham Medical Center, Spartanburg Hospital for Restorative Care, Union Medical Center, Medical Group of the Carolinas, Ellen Sagar Nursing Center and Regional HealthPlus.", "Management of prostate cancer __knowledge__ Treatment for prostate cancer may involve active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy including brachytherapy (prostate brachytherapy) and external beam radiation therapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), cryosurgery, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, or some combination.", "Management of prostate cancer __knowledge__ Which option is best depends on the stage of the disease, the Gleason score, and the PSA level.", "Management of prostate cancer __knowledge__ Other important factors are the man's age, his general health, and his feelings about potential treatments and their possible side effects.", "Management of prostate cancer __knowledge__ Because all treatments can have significant side effects, such as erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence, treatment discussions often focus on balancing the goals of therapy with the risks of lifestyle alterations.", "Treatment of cancer __knowledge__ Cancer can be treated by surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy (including immunotherapy such as monoclonal antibody therapy) and synthetic lethality.", "Treatment of cancer __knowledge__ The choice of therapy depends upon the location and grade of the tumor and the stage of the disease, as well as the general state of the patient (performance status).", "Treatment of cancer __knowledge__ A number of experimental cancer treatments are also under development.", "Treatment of cancer __knowledge__ Under current estimates, two in five people will have cancer at some point in their lifetime.", "Treatment of cancer __knowledge__ Complete removal of the cancer without damage to the rest of the body (that is, achieving cure with near-zero adverse effects) is the ideal goal of treatment and is often the goal in practice." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is the range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance and relieve skin conditions.", "Skin care __knowledge__ They can include nutrition, avoidance of excessive sun exposure and appropriate use of emollients.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Practices that enhance appearance include the use of cosmetics, botulinum, exfoliation, fillers, laser resurfacing, microdermabrasion, peels, retinol therapy.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is a routine daily procedure in many settings, such as skin that is either too dry or too moist, and prevention of dermatitis and prevention of skin injuries.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care is a part of the treatment of wound healing, radiation therapy and some medications.", "Skin care __knowledge__ Skin care sits at the interface of what is commonly thought of as personal care products, such as cosmetics, and dermatology, traditionally a medical discipline in which medical doctors diagnose and treat skin diseases; there is some overlap with each of these topics.", "Skin care __knowledge__ The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines cosmetics as products intended to cleanse or beautify (for instance, shampoos and lipstick).", "Skin care __knowledge__ A separate category exists for medications, which are intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease, or to affect the structure or function of the body (for instance, sunscreens and acne creams), although some products, such as moisturizing sunscreens and anti-dandruff shampoos, are regulated within both categories.", "QI __knowledge__ QI (Quite Interesting) is a British comedy panel game television quiz show created and co-produced by John Lloyd, and features permanent panelist Alan Davies.", "QI __knowledge__ Stephen Fry was host of the show from its initial pilot, before departing after the final episode of the M series in 2015, with frequent \"QI\" panelist Sandi Toksvig replacing him prior to the beginning of the N series in 2016.", "QI __knowledge__ The format of the show focuses on Davies and three other guest panelists answering questions that are extremely obscure, making it unlikely that the correct answer will be given.", "QI __knowledge__ To compensate, the panelists are awarded points not only for the right answer, but also for interesting ones, regardless of whether they are right or even relate to the original question, while points are deducted for \"answers which are not only wrong, but pathetically obvious\" – typically answers that are generally believed to be true but in fact are misconceptions.", "E11 European long distance path __knowledge__ The E11 European long distance path or E11 path is one of the European long-distance paths, running 2560 km (about 1600 miles) west-east from The Hague in the Netherlands through Germany and Poland to the Lithuanian border.", "E11 European long distance path __knowledge__ It starts in Scheveningen, a fishing community, commercial harbor and spa in The Hague on the Dutch coast of the North Sea.", "E11 European long distance path __knowledge__ As there are no rambling organizations from Lithuania, Latvia or Russia participating in the European Ramblers' Association, it is unlikely that the E11 will be extended to reach Saint Petersburg or Moscow, as was foreseen originally.", "E11 European long distance path __knowledge__ The E11 is one of three European long distance paths running East from the Benelux to Eastern Poland.", "The Most Interesting Man in the World __knowledge__ The Most Interesting Man in the World is an advertising campaign for the Dos Equis brand of beer.", "The Most Interesting Man in the World __knowledge__ The ads feature \"the world's most interesting man\", a bearded, debonair gentleman, with voiceovers that are intended to be both humorous and outrageous.", "The Most Interesting Man in the World __knowledge__ The advertisements first began appearing in the United States in 2006 and have since then become a popular Internet meme.", "The Most Interesting Man in the World __knowledge__ The advertisements first began appearing in the United States in 2006, with The Most Interesting Man in the World portrayed by American actor Jonathan Goldsmith, and \"Frontline\" narrator Will Lyman providing voiceovers.", "The Most Interesting Man in the World __knowledge__ They were produced by the marketing firm Euro RSCG (now Havas Worldwide) for Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery.", "Cognitive dissonance __knowledge__ In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort (psychological stress) experienced by a person who simultaneously holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values.", "Cognitive dissonance __knowledge__ The occurrence of cognitive dissonance is a consequence of a person performing an action that contradicts personal beliefs, ideals, and values; and also occurs when confronted with new information that contradicts said beliefs, ideals, and values.", "Cognitive dissonance __knowledge__ In \"A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance\" (1957), Leon Festinger proposed that human beings strive for internal psychological consistency in order to mentally function in the real world.", "Interesting number paradox __knowledge__ The interesting number paradox is a semi-humorous paradox which arises from the attempt to classify natural numbers as \"interesting\" or \"dull\".", "Interesting number paradox __knowledge__ The paradox states that all natural numbers are interesting.", "Interesting number paradox __knowledge__ The \"proof\" is by contradiction: if there exists a non-empty set of uninteresting numbers, there would be a smallest uninteresting number – but the smallest uninteresting number is itself interesting because it is the smallest uninteresting number, thus producing a contradiction.", "Interesting number paradox __knowledge__ Attempting to classify all numbers this way leads to a paradox or an antinomy of definition.", "Interesting number paradox __knowledge__ Any hypothetical partition of natural numbers into \"interesting\" and \"dull\" sets seems to fail.", "Mirusha Park __knowledge__ Mirusha (; ) is a regional park located in the central part of Kosovo on the eastern side of the Metohija plain.", "Mirusha Park __knowledge__ The area has been put under protection in 1975 as a special nature reserve, with an area of 190.21.55 ha by a decision of municipality of Rahovec and Klina.", "Mirusha Park __knowledge__ Due to its geoheritage values,specific landscapes, as well as high plant diversity, in 1982 it was declared a regional park in the fifth category (Protected Landscape) according to IUCN, with an area of 555.80.70 ha, stretching on three municipalities: Klina, Malisheva and Rahovec.", "Mirusha Park __knowledge__ One year later in 1983 due hydrological, geo-morphological and landscape values, the water flow of river Mirusha has also been put under protection in third category (Natural Monument) according to IUCN.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Steve Davis, (born 22 August 1957) is an English retired professional snooker player from Plumstead, London.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Known for dominating the sport during the 1980s, when he won the World Championship six times and was ranked world number one for seven consecutive seasons, he is remembered particularly for contesting the 1985 World Championship final with Dennis Taylor, the black-ball conclusion of which attracted a record 18.5 million British viewers.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ He is a well known public figure and is generally viewed by his peers as one of the greatest players of all time.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Until his retirement in 2016, Davis combined his ongoing playing career with his role as a television analyst and commentator for the BBC's snooker coverage, alongside being a DJ of electronic music on local radio station Phoenix FM and at the Bloc Weekend music festival.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients, which may include herbs, roots, flowers and essential oils, but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax, and minerals.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ These substances may be combined with various carrier agents, preservatives, surfactants, humectants and emulsifiers.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ There are no legal definitions in the U.S. for advertising terms \"natural\" or \"organic\" when applied to personal care products.", "Natural skin care __knowledge__ Consumers often express a preference for skin products with organic and natural ingredients.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Jason Rivers (dermatologist) __knowledge__ Jason Rivers, MD, is a Canadian dermatologist and the founder of Riversol Skin Care.", "Jason Rivers (dermatologist) __knowledge__ He is a clinical professor of dermatology and a past director of the dermatology residency training program at the University of British Columbia.", "Jason Rivers (dermatologist) __knowledge__ Rivers is a staff member at the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver General Hospital and St. Paul's Hospital (Vancouver).", "Jason Rivers (dermatologist) __knowledge__ He has earned recognition by his peers as one of Canada’s “Best Doctors”, and has been the recipient of the award for a number of years.", "Jason Rivers (dermatologist) __knowledge__ He is also a recipient of the Canadian Dermatology Association’s President’s Cup, and the American Academy of Dermatology’s Gold Triangle Award.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Cosmetology (from Greek , \"kosmētikos\", \"beautifying\"; and , \"-logia\") is the study and application of beauty treatment.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Branches of specialty include hairstyling, skin care, cosmetics, manicures/pedicures, non permanent hair removal such as waxing and sugaring and permanent hair removal processes such as electrology and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL).", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ A cosmetologist is defined as a person who gives beauty treatments to skin and hair etc.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Cosmetologists can be expanded into multiple parts including cutting and chemically treating hair, chemical hair removal without a sharp blade, fashion trends, wigs, nails and skin care, skin and hair analysis; relaxation techniques including head, neck, scalp, hand and feet basic massage and aroma therapies; plus ability to expertly apply makeup applications to cover or promote and can expand into further specialties such as reflexology; theatrical applications; cosmetics and others as listed below.", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Beiersdorf AG is a German personal-care company based in Hamburg, manufacturing personal-care products and pressure-sensitive adhesives.", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Its brands include Elastoplast, Eucerin (makers of Aquaphor), Labello, La Prairie, Nivea and tesa (tesa tape).", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Although its shares are publicly listed, Beiersdorf is controlled by Maxingvest AG (parent company of Tchibo), which directly owns 50.49% of shares.", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ Beiersdorf is organized in two separate business segments: \"consumer business\" and \"tesa\".", "Beiersdorf __knowledge__ The consumer business segments focuses on the brand´s core which is skin care, while the tesa business segment is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of self-adhesive products.", "Christine Valmy __knowledge__ Christine Valmy (October 25, 1926 – January 18, 2015) was a Romanian-born American esthetician, consultant, and entrepreneur known as a pioneer in the fields of skin care and esthetics in the United States.", "Christine Valmy __knowledge__ Valmy founded the first esthetician school in the United States in 1966, and is widely credited as one of the most influential figures in modern aesthetics.", "Christine Valmy __knowledge__ Christine Valmy was born Cristina Xantopol in Bucharest, Romania in 1926.", "Christine Valmy __knowledge__ She graduated from the law school of the University of Bucharest in 1946.", "Christine Valmy __knowledge__ During this period, she took a course in dermatology and skin care, which later formed the foundation of her career as an esthetician." ] ]

[ 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]

[ "I agree, some skin care practices include nutrition and appropriate uses of emollients.", "You are right, not to mention that skin care is a routine daily process so you are likely to continue buying products over time.", "Yes, it all makes sense now. It is also practiced in wound healing and radiation therapy.", "I often forget to consider my skin an organ. Skin care is a crux of personal car products like cosmetics and dermatology.", "There is even a federal food, drug, and cosmetic act that defines cosmetics as products designed to cleanse or beautify." ]

[ "Skin care", "Skin care", "Skin care", "Skin care", "Skin care" ]

[ "Public affairs industry", "No! I sure haven't! What the public affairs industry?", "That's really interesting! What else can you tell me about public affairs?", "Oh, I see! That would be a great career to get into! " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Public affairs generally refers to the building and development of relations between an organization and politicians, governments and other decision-makers.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ The industry has developed over recent years and is normally considered a branch or sub-discipline of public relations (PR).", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Given the broad nature of public affairs, what exactly the industry encapsulates remains a point of discussion.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ While often equated with lobbying, this is usually only a small part of what a public affairs practitioner might do.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Other typical functions include research, strategy planning and providing advice.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ It is difficult to determine the size of the public affairs industry in the United Kingdom.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Studies suggest the industry is becoming more professionalized, and that it is more widespread than often assumed.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR), which is the UK's professional body for public relations including public affairs, estimates there are around 48,000 people involved in PR, of which 30% are involved in public affairs.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ This research is limited as it only measures specific job titles and those who declare themselves to be working in PR.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ There are large numbers of professionals providing public affairs services while working under different job titles across a wide variety of sectors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Public affairs generally refers to the building and development of relations between an organization and politicians, governments and other decision-makers.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ The industry has developed over recent years and is normally considered a branch or sub-discipline of public relations (PR).", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Given the broad nature of public affairs, what exactly the industry encapsulates remains a point of discussion.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ While often equated with lobbying, this is usually only a small part of what a public affairs practitioner might do.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Other typical functions include research, strategy planning and providing advice.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ It is difficult to determine the size of the public affairs industry in the United Kingdom.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Studies suggest the industry is becoming more professionalized, and that it is more widespread than often assumed.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR), which is the UK's professional body for public relations including public affairs, estimates there are around 48,000 people involved in PR, of which 30% are involved in public affairs.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ This research is limited as it only measures specific job titles and those who declare themselves to be working in PR.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ There are large numbers of professionals providing public affairs services while working under different job titles across a wide variety of sectors.", "Public affairs (military) __knowledge__ Public Affairs is a term for the formal offices of the branches of the United States Department of Defense whose purpose is to deal with the media and community issues.", "Public affairs (military) __knowledge__ The term is also used for numerous media relations offices that are created by the U.S. military for more specific limited purposes.", "Public affairs (military) __knowledge__ Public affairs offices are staffed by a combination of officers, enlisted personnel, civilian officials and contract professionals.", "Public affairs (military) __knowledge__ Public Affairs offices play a key role in contingency and deployed operations.", "Public affairs (military) __knowledge__ The typical Public Affairs office is led by an officer who is in charge of planning, budgeting for, executing and evaluating the effectiveness of public affairs programs, and provides public affairs advice, counsel and support for commanders and senior staff members.", "American Association of Political Consultants __knowledge__ The American Association of Political Consultants (AAPC) is the trade group for the political consulting profession in the United States.", "American Association of Political Consultants __knowledge__ Founded in 1969, it is the world's largest organization of political consultants, public affairs professionals and communications specialists.", "American Association of Political Consultants __knowledge__ Its \"multipartisan\" membership consists of political consultants, pollsters, media consultants, campaign managers, corporate public affairs officers, professors, lobbyists, fundraisers, congressional staffers, and vendors.", "American Association of Political Consultants __knowledge__ The American Association of Political Consultants maintains a Code of Professional Ethics for members.", "Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal __knowledge__ The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal was a United States political scandal exposed in 2005; it related to fraud perpetrated by political lobbyists Jack Abramoff, Ralph E. Reed, Jr., Grover Norquist and Michael Scanlon on Native American tribes who were seeking to develop casino gambling on their reservations.", "Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal __knowledge__ The lobbyists charged the tribes an estimated $85 million in fees.", "Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal __knowledge__ Abramoff and Scanlon grossly overbilled their clients, secretly splitting the multi-million dollar profits.", "Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal __knowledge__ In one case, they secretly orchestrated lobbying against their own clients in order to force them to pay for lobbying services.", "Public Affairs Council __knowledge__ The Public Affairs Council (PAC) is a professional association for people working in public administration and policy.", "Public Affairs Council __knowledge__ Its mission is to advance the field of public affairs and provide resources to public affairs executives and managers to help them achieve their business and professional goals.", "Public Affairs Council __knowledge__ Based in Washington, D.C., PAC currently counts over 600 corporations, associations and consulting firms as members.", "Public Affairs Council __knowledge__ The Public Affairs Council was launched in 1954 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, when he convened a meeting of business executives to suggest the creation of a national organization to make business people from both parties active participants in the political process.", "Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs __knowledge__ The Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs (JCPA) is an Israeli research institute specializing in public diplomacy and foreign policy founded in 1976.", "Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs __knowledge__ Currently, the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs's research portfolio consists of five primary initiatives: the Institute for Contemporary Affairs (ICA), Defensible Borders Initiative, Jerusalem in International Diplomacy, Iran and the New Threats to the West, and Combating Delegitimization.", "Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs __knowledge__ More broadly, the think-tank concentrates on the topics of Iran, Radical Islam, the Middle East, Israel, the Peace Process, Jerusalem, Anti-Semitism, and World Jewry.", "Maverick Stadium __knowledge__ Maverick Stadium is a 12,500-seat multi-purpose stadium on the western edge of University of Texas at Arlington campus.", "Maverick Stadium __knowledge__ It hosts the university's track and field teams and is also leased by the Arlington Independent School District and Pantego Christian Academy for their football teams.", "Maverick Stadium __knowledge__ It usually serves as the site of 1-3 high school football playoff games every year.", "Maverick Stadium __knowledge__ The stadium previously served as UTA's home football stadium until the university dropped its program after the final game of the 1985 season.", "Maverick Stadium __knowledge__ The stadium can host football and soccer games, track and field meets, as well as many varied festivals and special events, including the annual Texas Scottish Festival and Highland Games, Special Olympics and Bed Races, an annual UTA tradition in the fall.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Buddy Williams (5 September 1918 – 12 December 1986), born as Harry Taylor and also known as Harold Williams, was a pioneering Australian country musician, singer and songwriter, known as \"The Yodelling Jackaroo\".", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams was the first Australian to record country music in Australia, three years after the New Zealander Tex Morton made his first recording in Australia.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams recorded his own songs about life and times in the Australian bush.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ It was with Williams that the Bush Ballad was first born.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams' recording of \"Give A Little Credit To Dad\", complete with trademark yodel, was added to the Sounds of Australia project by the National Film and Sound Archive in Canberra.", "Arthur J. Finkelstein __knowledge__ Arthur Jay Finkelstein (May 18, 1945 – August 18, 2017) was a New York State-based Republican Party (GOP) consultant who has worked for conservative and right-wing candidates in the United States, Canada, Israel, Central and Eastern Europe over the past four decades.", "Arthur J. Finkelstein __knowledge__ With his brother, Ronald, he ran a political consulting and survey-research firm based in Irvington, New York.", "Arthur J. Finkelstein __knowledge__ Finkelstein's specialties were polling, strategy, message, media, ad placement, and advising on general campaign management.", "Arthur J. Finkelstein __knowledge__ In 2013, he was honored by the American Association of Political Consultants, and named to its Hall of Fame, \"the highest honor that the working members of the profession can bestow upon a colleague.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Public affairs generally refers to the building and development of relations between an organization and politicians, governments and other decision-makers.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ The industry has developed over recent years and is normally considered a branch or sub-discipline of public relations (PR).", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Given the broad nature of public affairs, what exactly the industry encapsulates remains a point of discussion.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ While often equated with lobbying, this is usually only a small part of what a public affairs practitioner might do.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Other typical functions include research, strategy planning and providing advice.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ It is difficult to determine the size of the public affairs industry in the United Kingdom.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Studies suggest the industry is becoming more professionalized, and that it is more widespread than often assumed.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR), which is the UK's professional body for public relations including public affairs, estimates there are around 48,000 people involved in PR, of which 30% are involved in public affairs.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ This research is limited as it only measures specific job titles and those who declare themselves to be working in PR.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ There are large numbers of professionals providing public affairs services while working under different job titles across a wide variety of sectors.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ Leanne Anika Battersby (also Tilsley and Barlow) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\", played by Jane Danson.", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ It was announced in February 1997 that a \"family from hell\" would be introduced to \"Coronation Street\".", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ This included Les (Bruce Jones) and Janice Battersby (Vicky Entwistle), Les's daughter Leanne and Janice's daughter Toyah (Georgia Taylor).", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ Leanne made her first appearance on 4 July 1997.", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ Danson left the series in 2000 and returned in 2004.", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ Danson later took maternity leave in 2006 and returned in early 2007.", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ Danson took another maternity break in 2009 and returned in the same year.", "Public affairs (military) __knowledge__ Public Affairs is a term for the formal offices of the branches of the United States Department of Defense whose purpose is to deal with the media and community issues.", "Public affairs (military) __knowledge__ The term is also used for numerous media relations offices that are created by the U.S. military for more specific limited purposes.", "Public affairs (military) __knowledge__ Public affairs offices are staffed by a combination of officers, enlisted personnel, civilian officials and contract professionals.", "Public affairs (military) __knowledge__ Public Affairs offices play a key role in contingency and deployed operations.", "Public affairs (military) __knowledge__ The typical Public Affairs office is led by an officer who is in charge of planning, budgeting for, executing and evaluating the effectiveness of public affairs programs, and provides public affairs advice, counsel and support for commanders and senior staff members.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Steve Davis, (born 22 August 1957) is an English retired professional snooker player from Plumstead, London.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Known for dominating the sport during the 1980s, when he won the World Championship six times and was ranked world number one for seven consecutive seasons, he is remembered particularly for contesting the 1985 World Championship final with Dennis Taylor, the black-ball conclusion of which attracted a record 18.5 million British viewers.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ He is a well known public figure and is generally viewed by his peers as one of the greatest players of all time.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Until his retirement in 2016, Davis combined his ongoing playing career with his role as a television analyst and commentator for the BBC's snooker coverage, alongside being a DJ of electronic music on local radio station Phoenix FM and at the Bloc Weekend music festival.", "Silas Blissett __knowledge__ Silas Blissett is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jeff Rawle.", "Silas Blissett __knowledge__ Rawle's casting was announced in December 2010 and it was revealed that he would portray a serial killer.", "Silas Blissett __knowledge__ Rawle was approached by \"Hollyoaks\" and met with series producer, Paul Marquess, who explained the role of Silas and his storyline.", "Silas Blissett __knowledge__ Rawle found the storyline something which he would like to \"have a crack at\".", "Silas Blissett __knowledge__ The actor said that the role of Silas is \"very interesting\" for him as he had not played a murderer in his career before.", "Silas Blissett __knowledge__ He made his first on-screen appearance on 23 December 2010.", "Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs __knowledge__ The Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs (JCPA) is an Israeli research institute specializing in public diplomacy and foreign policy founded in 1976.", "Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs __knowledge__ Currently, the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs's research portfolio consists of five primary initiatives: the Institute for Contemporary Affairs (ICA), Defensible Borders Initiative, Jerusalem in International Diplomacy, Iran and the New Threats to the West, and Combating Delegitimization.", "Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs __knowledge__ More broadly, the think-tank concentrates on the topics of Iran, Radical Islam, the Middle East, Israel, the Peace Process, Jerusalem, Anti-Semitism, and World Jewry.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ The Ministry of External Affairs of India (MEA), also known as the Foreign Ministry, is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ India has formal diplomatic relations with most nations; it is the world's second most populous country.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ India is a vast country and is connected to lots of countries for economy, the world's most-populous democracy and the fastest growing major economy.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ With the world's sixth largest military expenditure, third largest armed force, sixth largest economy by nominal rates and third largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, India is a regional power, a nascent global power and a potential superpower.", "Development communication policy science __knowledge__ Development communication policy sciences refers to the development communication and policy sciences.", "Development communication policy science __knowledge__ These two branches of social sciences are regarded as distinct and mutually exclusive areas of study but are said to be inextricably linked.", "Development communication policy science __knowledge__ According to Nora C. Quebral (2012), the University of the Philippines Los Baños defines Development Communication as the interaction of two social process—development and communication—in any given environment.", "Development communication policy science __knowledge__ Quebral, being the \"mother of development communication\", initially articulated that, in 1971, Development Communication was tentatively defined as \"the art and science of human communication applied to the speedy transformation of a country and the mass of its people from poverty to a dynamic state of economic growth that makes possible greater social equality and larger fulfillment of the human potential\" (p. 3).", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel joined the United Nations on 11 May 1949.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel maintains diplomatic ties with 159 countries as of March 2017.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel maintains full diplomatic relations and open borders with two of its Arab neighbours, Egypt and Jordan, after signing peace treaties in 1979 and 1994 respectively.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ The close friendship with the United States has been the linchpin of Israeli foreign policy for decades.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ From the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 until the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979, Israel and Iran maintained close ties.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Iran was the second Muslim-majority country to recognize Israel as a sovereign nation after Turkey.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 was an adopted initiative constitutional amendment in the state of California on the November 5, 1996 statewide election ballot.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 revolutionized local and regional government finance in California.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Called the “Right to Vote on Taxes Act,” Proposition 218 was sponsored by the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association as a constitutional follow-up to the landmark property tax revolt initiative constitutional amendment, Proposition 13, approved by California voters on June 6, 1978.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 was drafted by constitutional attorneys Jonathan Coupal and Jack Cohen.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 amended the California Constitution by adding Article XIII C and Article XIII D. Article XIII C relates to voter approval requirements for local government taxes.", "Environmental governance __knowledge__ Environmental governance is a concept in political ecology and environmental policy that advocates sustainability (sustainable development) as the supreme consideration for managing all human activities—political, social and economic.", "Environmental governance __knowledge__ Governance includes government, business and civil society, and emphasizes whole system management.", "Environmental governance __knowledge__ To capture this diverse range of elements, environmental governance often employs alternative systems of governance, for example watershed-based management.", "Environmental governance __knowledge__ It views natural resources and the environment as global public goods, belonging to the category of goods that are not diminished when they are shared.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Public affairs generally refers to the building and development of relations between an organization and politicians, governments and other decision-makers.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ The industry has developed over recent years and is normally considered a branch or sub-discipline of public relations (PR).", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Given the broad nature of public affairs, what exactly the industry encapsulates remains a point of discussion.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ While often equated with lobbying, this is usually only a small part of what a public affairs practitioner might do.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Other typical functions include research, strategy planning and providing advice.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ It is difficult to determine the size of the public affairs industry in the United Kingdom.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ Studies suggest the industry is becoming more professionalized, and that it is more widespread than often assumed.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ The Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR), which is the UK's professional body for public relations including public affairs, estimates there are around 48,000 people involved in PR, of which 30% are involved in public affairs.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ This research is limited as it only measures specific job titles and those who declare themselves to be working in PR.", "Public affairs industry __knowledge__ There are large numbers of professionals providing public affairs services while working under different job titles across a wide variety of sectors.", "Otto von Bismarck __knowledge__ Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck (), was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890 and was the first Chancellor of the German Empire between 1871 and 1890.", "Otto von Bismarck __knowledge__ In 1862, King Wilhelm I appointed Bismarck as Minister President of Prussia, a position he would hold until 1890, with the exception of a short break in 1873.", "Otto von Bismarck __knowledge__ He provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France.", "Otto von Bismarck __knowledge__ Following the win against Austria, he abolished the supranational German Confederation and instead formed the North German Confederation as the first German national state in 1867, leading it as Federal Chancellor.", "Renaissance Girls __knowledge__ \"Renaissance Girls\" is a song by Danish recording artist Oh Land, taken from her third studio album \"Wish Bone\" (2013).", "Renaissance Girls __knowledge__ It was released as the album's lead single on 6 August 2013 by Tusk or Tooth and A:larm Music.", "Renaissance Girls __knowledge__ The track was written by Nanna Øland Fabricius, while David Andrew Sitek solely produced it.", "Renaissance Girls __knowledge__ Musically an electropop recording, it features Oh Land singing about roles and tasks that a girl might perform, alongside accomplishing her dreams.", "Renaissance Girls __knowledge__ Oh Land described the writing process as inspiring, and claimed that the single notices what it is like to be a woman in today's society.", "Renaissance Girls __knowledge__ \"Renaissance Girls\" was well received by music critics, who appreciated the singer's empowering lyrics.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Carla Connor __knowledge__ Carla Connor (also Gordon and Barlow) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\", played by Alison King.", "Carla Connor __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on screen during the episode airing on 1 December 2006.", "Carla Connor __knowledge__ Carla has been referred to as \"the new Elsie Tanner\".", "Carla Connor __knowledge__ This was King's second role in the soap as she previously played Mrs. Fanshaw for one episode in 2004.", "Carla Connor __knowledge__ King was off-screen from February 2009 until October 2009 due to her maternity leave.", "Carla Connor __knowledge__ In May 2012 King announced she would be temporarily departing, her departure scenes aired on 16 July 2012 and her return scenes aired on 10 December 2012.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Public relations __knowledge__ Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing the spread of information between an individual or an organization (such as a business, government agency, or a nonprofit organization) and the public.", "Public relations __knowledge__ Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment.", "Public relations __knowledge__ This differentiates it from advertising as a form of marketing communications.", "Public relations __knowledge__ Public relations is the idea of creating coverage for clients for free, rather than marketing or advertising.", "Public relations __knowledge__ An example of good public relations would be generating an article featuring a client, rather than paying for the client to be advertised next to the article.", "History of public relations __knowledge__ Most textbooks date the establishment of the \"Publicity Bureau\" in 1900 as the start of the modern public relations (PR) profession.", "History of public relations __knowledge__ Of course, there were many early forms of public influence and communications management in history.", "History of public relations __knowledge__ Basil Clarke is considered the founder of the public relations profession in Britain with his establishment of Editorial Services in 1924.", "History of public relations __knowledge__ Academic Noel Turnball points out that systematic PR was employed in Britain first by religious evangelicals and Victorian reformers, especially opponents of slavery.", "History of public relations __knowledge__ In each case the early promoters focused on their particular movement and were not for hire more generally.", "Burson-Marsteller __knowledge__ Burson-Marsteller is a global public relations and communications firm headquartered in New York City.", "Burson-Marsteller __knowledge__ Burson-Marsteller operates 67 wholly owned offices and 71 affiliate offices in 98 countries in six continents.", "Burson-Marsteller __knowledge__ The company was founded by Harold Burson and William Marsteller in 1953, and, by the early 1980s, had become one of the largest public relations companies in the world.", "Burson-Marsteller __knowledge__ In 1979 it became a subsidiary of Young & Rubicam, which in turn is now owned by WPP Group PLC.", "Burson-Marsteller __knowledge__ The current CEO of Burson-Marsteller is Don Baer, former communications director for the Clinton administration, who joined the company in 2007 and who replaced Mark Penn as worldwide CEO in July 2012.", "Public relations in India __knowledge__ Public relations, despite being over a century old across the world, began in India in the early 1990s.", "Public relations in India __knowledge__ Though there were several individuals and small companies which started even before that, they offered PR with the limited scope of media relations only.", "Public relations in India __knowledge__ It was only natural that the entrepreneurs who began these services came from a background of journalism, seen as a natural hunting ground for the nascent PR industry.", "Public relations in India __knowledge__ India came with many advantages in the context of PR - it showed a consistently high growth rate of the economy; the initial penetration of PR had been low leaving much scope for growth, the internet & traditional media also penetrated exponentially giving rise to the quick rise of PR in India.", "Public Relations Society of America __knowledge__ The Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) is a nonprofit trade association for public relations professionals headquartered in New York City.", "Public Relations Society of America __knowledge__ It was founded in 1947 by combining the American Council on Public Relations and the National Association of Public Relations Councils.", "Public Relations Society of America __knowledge__ That year it had its first annual conference and award ceremony.", "Public Relations Society of America __knowledge__ In the 1950s and 1960s, the society created its code of conduct, accreditation program and a student society called the Public Relations Student Society of America.", "Public Relations Society of America __knowledge__ In the 1970s and 1980s, its membership attained a stronger female demographic and the society had its first female Presidents.", "Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia __knowledge__ Conflict-of-interest (COI) editing on Wikipedia occurs when editors use Wikipedia to advance the interests of their external roles or relationships.", "Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia __knowledge__ The type of COI editing of most concern on Wikipedia is paid editing for public relations (PR) purposes.", "Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia __knowledge__ Several exist to combat conflict of interest editing, including and .", "Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia __knowledge__ Controversies reported by the media include United States congressional staff editing articles about members of Congress in 2006; Microsoft offering a software engineer money to edit articles on competing code standards in 2007; the PR firm Bell Pottinger editing articles about its clients in 2011; and the discovery in 2012 that British MPs or their staff had removed criticism from articles about those MPs.", "Accreditation in Public Relations __knowledge__ The Accreditation in Public Relations (APR), Accreditation in Public Relations and Military Communications (APR+M), and Certificate in Principles of Public Relations are voluntary certifications in the USA for persons working in the field of public relations (PR) and, in the case of the APR+M, military public affairs.", "Accreditation in Public Relations __knowledge__ They are administered by the Universal Accreditation Board.", "Accreditation in Public Relations __knowledge__ The APR credential was established in 1964 as a certification program sponsored by the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA).", "Accreditation in Public Relations __knowledge__ The PRSA continued to manage the program until 1998 when the Universal Accreditation Board - consisting of approximately 25 representatives from nine major PR professional societies - was formed as part of an effort to make the credential an industry-wide, instead of organization-specific, certification." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 4 ]

[ "Hey buddy, have you heard about Public affairs industry before?", "Ok, it is the building and development of relations between an organization and politicians, governments and other decision-makers.", "It has evolved over the years as it is considered a branch or sub-discipline of public relations (PR).", "Well, it is. However, it is often equated with lobbying" ]

[ "Public affairs industry", "Public affairs industry", "Public affairs industry", "Public affairs industry" ]

[ "Coors Brewing Company\nHello", "Thank you! Coors is actually my favorite beer!", "I've never had Molson, but I have had a lot of beers and I still think Coors is pretty good.", "Interesting to know! Corona is American too I believe. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Coors Brewing Company is a regional division of the world's third-largest brewing company, the Molson Coors Brewing Company.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Until October 11, 2016, the operations in the United States were a joint venture with SABMiller called MillerCoors.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors operates a brewery in Golden, Colorado, that is the largest single brewery facility in the world.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Since that time, Coors has been a division of Molson Coors.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1873, German immigrants Adolph Coors and Jacob Schueler from Prussia emigrated to the United States and established a brewery in Golden, Colorado, after buying a recipe for a Pilsner-style beer from a Czech immigrant William Silhan.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors invested $2,000 in the operation, and Schueler invested $6,000.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1880, Coors bought out his partner and became sole owner of the brewery.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Coors Brewing Company managed to survive Prohibition relatively intact.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Years before the Volstead Act went into effect nationwide, Adolph Coors with sons Adolph Jr., Grover, and Herman established the Adolph Coors Brewing and Manufacturing Company, which included Herold Porcelain and other ventures.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The brewery itself was converted into a malted milk and near beer production facility.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors sold much of the malted milk to the Mars candy company for the production of sweets.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ In 1997, Japanese rock group Sharam Q, fronted by Tsunku, began auditions for a female vocalist.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ These auditions aired via the reality show Asayan, and resulted in Michiyo Heike being crowned winner.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Tsunku, however, decided to give five of the runners-up, Yuko Nakazawa, Natsumi Abe, Kaori Iida, Asuka Fukuda and Aya Ishiguro, a chance to become a group in their own right.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls were set the task of selling 50,000 copies of their demo single \"Ai no Tane,\" in just five days.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls sold the required number of copies in four days, and subsequently became an official group.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Morning Musume's debut single, \"Morning Coffee,\" was released on January 28, 1998 on the One Up Music label and charted at #6 on the Oricon weekly chart.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ \"Hello, Goodbye\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ Backed by John Lennon's \"I Am the Walrus\", it was issued as a non-album single in November 1967, the group's first release since the death of their manager, Brian Epstein.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The single was commercially successful around the world, topping charts in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and several other countries.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ McCartney later said that the lyrics take duality as their theme.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The song originated when, in response to a question from Beatles aide Alistair Taylor about songwriting, McCartney sat down at a harmonium and asked Taylor to say the opposite of whatever he said.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ , formerly simply and colloquially referred to as , is a Japanese female idol group, holding the second highest overall single sales (of a female group) on the Oricon charts as of February 2012, with the Oricon record of most top ten singles with an amount of 50, and they have sold over 21 million copies in Japan alone.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Morning Musume was formed in 1997 by rock singer-songwriter turned record producer Tsunku, who later composed the vast majority of the group's songs over the decade.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ They are the lead group of Hello!", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Project that specialises in upbeat, pop-oriented music coupled with dance performance.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a song by English singer Adele, released on 23 October 2015 by XL Recordings as the lead single from her third studio album, \"25\" (2015).", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Adele co-wrote the song with her producer, Greg Kurstin.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a piano ballad with soul influences, and lyrics that discuss themes of nostalgia and regret.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Upon release, the song was acclaimed by music critics, who compared it favourably to Adele's previous work and praised the song's lyrics and Adele's vocals while many critics and publications ranked it as one of the best songs of the year.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ It was recorded in London.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" reached number one in almost every country it charted in, including the United Kingdom, where it became her second UK number-one single, following \"Someone like You\", and has the largest opening week sales in three years.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ String functions are used in computer programming languages to manipulate a string or query information about a string (some do both).", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ Most programming languages that have a string datatype will have some string functions although there may be other low-level ways within each language to handle strings directly.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ In object-oriented languages, string functions are often implemented as properties and methods of string objects.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ In functional and list-based languages a string is represented as a list (of character codes), therefore all list-manipulation procedures could be considered string functions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Coors Brewing Company is a regional division of the world's third-largest brewing company, the Molson Coors Brewing Company.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Until October 11, 2016, the operations in the United States were a joint venture with SABMiller called MillerCoors.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors operates a brewery in Golden, Colorado, that is the largest single brewery facility in the world.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Since that time, Coors has been a division of Molson Coors.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1873, German immigrants Adolph Coors and Jacob Schueler from Prussia emigrated to the United States and established a brewery in Golden, Colorado, after buying a recipe for a Pilsner-style beer from a Czech immigrant William Silhan.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors invested $2,000 in the operation, and Schueler invested $6,000.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1880, Coors bought out his partner and became sole owner of the brewery.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Coors Brewing Company managed to survive Prohibition relatively intact.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Years before the Volstead Act went into effect nationwide, Adolph Coors with sons Adolph Jr., Grover, and Herman established the Adolph Coors Brewing and Manufacturing Company, which included Herold Porcelain and other ventures.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The brewery itself was converted into a malted milk and near beer production facility.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors sold much of the malted milk to the Mars candy company for the production of sweets.", "CoorsTek __knowledge__ CoorsTek, Inc. is a privately owned manufacturer of technical ceramics for semiconductor, medical, automotive, oil and gas, and many other industries.", "CoorsTek __knowledge__ CoorsTek headquarters and primary factories are located in Golden, Colorado, USA, near the foothills west of Denver.", "CoorsTek __knowledge__ The company is owned by a trust of the Coors family.", "CoorsTek __knowledge__ The president and chairman is John K. Coors, a great-grandson of founder and brewing magnate Adolph Coors, Sr.. Rhineland-born Adolph Coors (1847–1929) opened the Colorado Glass Works in 1887 to manufacture beer bottles for his brewery, the Adolph Coors Brewing Company, west of Denver.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ Coors Light is a 4.2% ABV light beer brewed in Golden, Colorado, Albany, Georgia, Elkton, Virginia, Fort Worth, Texas, Irwindale, California, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ It was first produced in 1978 by the Coors Brewing Company.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ The beer has a \"Cold Certified\" label which turns the mountains on the label from white to blue when the beer's temperature is lowered to 39 degrees fahrenheit.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ Coors Light has a \"mountain icon\" to represent the beer in place of the logo.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ The icon is a stylized drawing of a mountain with two peaks.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ Adolph Coors was born in 1847 in a German town known today as Wuppertal-Oberbarmen.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ The Molson Brewery was formed in 1786 in Montreal, Quebec, by the Molson family.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ In 2005, Molson merged with US-based Coors to form Molson Coors Brewing Company, the world's seventh-largest brewing company at that time.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ Molson-Coors Canada Inc. is the name of the Canadian division of the Molson Coors Brewing Company.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ Molson's first brewery was located on the Saint Lawrence River in Montreal, where the company continues to maintain its operations today.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ Founded in Montreal in 1786, the Molson Brewery is the oldest brewery in North America and continues to produce beer on the site of the original brewery.", "Coors Field __knowledge__ Coors Field is a baseball park located in downtown Denver, Colorado.", "Coors Field __knowledge__ It is the home field of the Colorado Rockies, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise.", "Coors Field __knowledge__ It is named for the Coors Brewing Company of Golden, Colorado, which purchased the naming rights to the park prior to its completion in 1995.", "Coors Field __knowledge__ The Rockies played their first two seasons, 1993 and 1994, in Mile High Stadium before moving to Coors Field, two blocks from Union Station in Denver's Lower Downtown neighborhood.", "Coors Field __knowledge__ The park includes 63 luxury suites and 4,526 club seats.", "Coors Field __knowledge__ Coors Field was the first new stadium added in a six-year period in which Denver's sports venues were upgraded, along with Pepsi Center and Sports Authority Field at Mile High (originally sponsored by INVESCO).", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ MillerCoors is a beer brewing company in the United States.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ In 2002 South African Breweries purchased Miller Brewing Company to create SABMiller.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ In 2005, Molson Brewery of Canada and Coors Brewing Company merged to form the Molson Coors Brewing Company.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ Then, in 2008, SABMiller and Molson Coors created MillerCoors as a joint venture for their operations in the U.S.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ The company is the second-largest brewer in the U.S., after Anheuser-Busch.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ These component companies had very different backgrounds.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ Miller Brewing was started in 1855 by settler Frederick Miller who had been studying the making of beer for years; he first owned Plank Road Brewery before opening the first Miller Company in Milwaukee.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ The GABS 'Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year' poll began as a bit of fun in January 2008 at The Local Taphouse beer bars in Melbourne and Sydney, the home of the very first GABS beer festival in 2011.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ Staff and customers voted for their favourite five Australian craft beers of the year and the resultant list of 100 beers was jokingly called the \"hottest 100 Aussie craft beers of the year\" after the famous Triple J Hottest 100 songs annual poll.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ Now supported by beer publications Crafty Pint and Australian Brews News, the annual beer poll attracts thousands of beer fans around the country who vote for their favourite Australian craft beers each year.", "Stroh Brewery Company __knowledge__ The Stroh Brewery Company was a beer brewery located in Detroit, Michigan, United States.", "Stroh Brewery Company __knowledge__ In addition to its own Stroh's brand, the company produced or bought the rights to several other brands including Goebel, Schaefer, Schlitz, Augsburger, Erlanger, Old Style, Lone Star, Old Milwaukee, Red River, and Signature, as well as manufacturing Stroh's Ice Cream.", "Stroh Brewery Company __knowledge__ The company was taken over and broken up in 2000, but some of its brands continued to be made by the new owners.", "Stroh Brewery Company __knowledge__ The Stroh's brand is currently owned and marketed by Pabst Brewing Company, except in Canada where the Stroh brands are owned by Sleeman Breweries.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Molson Coors Brewing Company is a multinational brewing company, formed in 2005 by the merger of Molson of Canada, and Coors of the United States.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ It is the world's seventh largest brewer by volume.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ While the company is incorporated in the United States, it is traded on stock exchanges in both the United States and Canada, and control is equally shared between the Molson and Coors families.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The company is headquartered at the 54-story 1801 California Street (CenturyLink Tower) in Denver, Colorado, with office areas, which are located on the 45th, 46th and part of the 47th floors in the tower." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Coors Brewing Company is a regional division of the world's third-largest brewing company, the Molson Coors Brewing Company.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Until October 11, 2016, the operations in the United States were a joint venture with SABMiller called MillerCoors.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors operates a brewery in Golden, Colorado, that is the largest single brewery facility in the world.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Since that time, Coors has been a division of Molson Coors.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1873, German immigrants Adolph Coors and Jacob Schueler from Prussia emigrated to the United States and established a brewery in Golden, Colorado, after buying a recipe for a Pilsner-style beer from a Czech immigrant William Silhan.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors invested $2,000 in the operation, and Schueler invested $6,000.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1880, Coors bought out his partner and became sole owner of the brewery.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Coors Brewing Company managed to survive Prohibition relatively intact.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Years before the Volstead Act went into effect nationwide, Adolph Coors with sons Adolph Jr., Grover, and Herman established the Adolph Coors Brewing and Manufacturing Company, which included Herold Porcelain and other ventures.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The brewery itself was converted into a malted milk and near beer production facility.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors sold much of the malted milk to the Mars candy company for the production of sweets.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ The Molson Brewery was formed in 1786 in Montreal, Quebec, by the Molson family.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ In 2005, Molson merged with US-based Coors to form Molson Coors Brewing Company, the world's seventh-largest brewing company at that time.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ Molson-Coors Canada Inc. is the name of the Canadian division of the Molson Coors Brewing Company.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ Molson's first brewery was located on the Saint Lawrence River in Montreal, where the company continues to maintain its operations today.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ Founded in Montreal in 1786, the Molson Brewery is the oldest brewery in North America and continues to produce beer on the site of the original brewery.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ MillerCoors is a beer brewing company in the United States.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ In 2002 South African Breweries purchased Miller Brewing Company to create SABMiller.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ In 2005, Molson Brewery of Canada and Coors Brewing Company merged to form the Molson Coors Brewing Company.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ Then, in 2008, SABMiller and Molson Coors created MillerCoors as a joint venture for their operations in the U.S.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ The company is the second-largest brewer in the U.S., after Anheuser-Busch.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ These component companies had very different backgrounds.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ Miller Brewing was started in 1855 by settler Frederick Miller who had been studying the making of beer for years; he first owned Plank Road Brewery before opening the first Miller Company in Milwaukee.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Molson Coors Brewing Company is a multinational brewing company, formed in 2005 by the merger of Molson of Canada, and Coors of the United States.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ It is the world's seventh largest brewer by volume.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ While the company is incorporated in the United States, it is traded on stock exchanges in both the United States and Canada, and control is equally shared between the Molson and Coors families.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The company is headquartered at the 54-story 1801 California Street (CenturyLink Tower) in Denver, Colorado, with office areas, which are located on the 45th, 46th and part of the 47th floors in the tower.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ Coors Light is a 4.2% ABV light beer brewed in Golden, Colorado, Albany, Georgia, Elkton, Virginia, Fort Worth, Texas, Irwindale, California, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ It was first produced in 1978 by the Coors Brewing Company.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ The beer has a \"Cold Certified\" label which turns the mountains on the label from white to blue when the beer's temperature is lowered to 39 degrees fahrenheit.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ Coors Light has a \"mountain icon\" to represent the beer in place of the logo.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ The icon is a stylized drawing of a mountain with two peaks.", "Coors Light __knowledge__ Adolph Coors was born in 1847 in a German town known today as Wuppertal-Oberbarmen.", "SABMiller __knowledge__ SABMiller plc was a multinational brewing and beverage company headquartered in Woking, England on the outskirts of London until 10 October 2016 when it was acquired by Anheuser-Busch InBev.", "SABMiller __knowledge__ Prior to that date, it was the world's second-largest brewer measured by revenues (after Anheuser-Busch InBev) and was also a major bottler of Coca-Cola.", "SABMiller __knowledge__ Its brands included Fosters, Miller, and Pilsner Urquell.", "SABMiller __knowledge__ It operated in 80 countries worldwide and in 2009 sold around 21 billion litres of beverages.", "SABMiller __knowledge__ Since 10 October 2016, SABMiller has been a business division of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, a Brazilian-Belgian corporation with headquarters in Leuven.", "Miller Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Miller Brewing Company is an American beer brewing company headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that was owned until October 11, 2016 by the MillerCoors division of the SABMiller–Molson Coors joint venture.", "Miller Brewing Company __knowledge__ The company has brewing facilities in Albany, Georgia; Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin; Fort Worth, Texas; Irwindale, California; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Trenton, Ohio.", "Miller Brewing Company __knowledge__ On July 1, 2008, Miller formed MillerCoors, a joint venture with rival Molson Coors to consolidate the production and distribution of its products in the United States, with each parent company's corporate operations and international operations to remain separate and independent of the joint venture." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Coors Brewing Company is a regional division of the world's third-largest brewing company, the Molson Coors Brewing Company.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Until October 11, 2016, the operations in the United States were a joint venture with SABMiller called MillerCoors.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors operates a brewery in Golden, Colorado, that is the largest single brewery facility in the world.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Since that time, Coors has been a division of Molson Coors.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1873, German immigrants Adolph Coors and Jacob Schueler from Prussia emigrated to the United States and established a brewery in Golden, Colorado, after buying a recipe for a Pilsner-style beer from a Czech immigrant William Silhan.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors invested $2,000 in the operation, and Schueler invested $6,000.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1880, Coors bought out his partner and became sole owner of the brewery.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Coors Brewing Company managed to survive Prohibition relatively intact.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Years before the Volstead Act went into effect nationwide, Adolph Coors with sons Adolph Jr., Grover, and Herman established the Adolph Coors Brewing and Manufacturing Company, which included Herold Porcelain and other ventures.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The brewery itself was converted into a malted milk and near beer production facility.", "Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ Coors sold much of the malted milk to the Mars candy company for the production of sweets.", "Impeachment of Renato Corona __knowledge__ Renato Corona, the 23rd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, was impeached on December 12, 2011.", "Impeachment of Renato Corona __knowledge__ Corona was the third official, after former President Joseph Estrada in 2000 and Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez in March 2011, to be impeached by the House of Representatives.", "Impeachment of Renato Corona __knowledge__ The Senate, convened as an impeachment court, began the trial on January 16, 2012.", "Impeachment of Renato Corona __knowledge__ This was the second impeachment trial in the history of the Philippines, as Gutierrez had resigned prior to the start of her trial.", "Impeachment of Renato Corona __knowledge__ On May 29, 2012, Corona was found guilty of Article II of the Articles of Impeachment filed against him pertaining to his failure to disclose to the public his statement of assets, liabilities, and net worth.", "Toyota Corona __knowledge__ The Toyota Corona () was an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota between 1957 and 2003.", "Toyota Corona __knowledge__ Traditionally, the competitor from Nissan was the Nissan Bluebird.", "Toyota Corona __knowledge__ The word \"\"corona\"\" is Latin for \"crown\", a reference to an earlier vehicle Toyota offered called the Toyota Crown.", "Toyota Corona __knowledge__ It was exclusive to \"Toyopet Store\" dealership channels in Japan, while the larger Crown was available only at \"Toyota Store\" locations.", "Toyota Corona __knowledge__ In many countries, the Corona was one of Toyota's first international exports, and was shortly joined by the smaller Toyota Corolla, providing buyers with a choice of a larger car, with similar operating expenses to the smaller Corolla.", "Bert Corona __knowledge__ Humberto Noé \"Bert\" Corona (May 29, 1918 – January 15, 2001) was an American labor and civil rights leader.", "Bert Corona __knowledge__ Throughout his long career, he worked with nearly every major Mexican-American organization, founding or co-founding several.", "Bert Corona __knowledge__ He organized workers for the Congress of Industrial Organizations and fought on the behalf of immigrants.", "Bert Corona __knowledge__ By the time of the Chicano Movement of the 1960s and 1970s, he was known as \"El Viejo\" (\"the Old Man\"), and was well-known and respected as a veteran activist.", "Bert Corona __knowledge__ Corona's father Noé Corona was a commander in Francisco Villa's División del Norte during the Mexican Revolution, which he joined after members of his family were killed in a massacre at Tomochic, Chihuahua.", "Corona, California __knowledge__ Corona is a city in Riverside County, California, United States.", "Corona, California __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 152,374, up from 124,966 at the 2000 census.", "Corona, California __knowledge__ The cities of Norco and Riverside lie to the northeast, Eastvale to the north, Chino Hills to the northwest, Yorba Linda, and the Cleveland National Forest and the Santa Ana Mountains to the southwest.", "Corona, California __knowledge__ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County line all of its other borders.", "Corona, California __knowledge__ Corona, originally named South Riverside, was founded at the height of the Southern California citrus boom in 1886, and is advantageously situated at the upper end of the Santa Ana River Canyon, a significant pass through the Santa Ana Mountains.", "Articles of Impeachment against Chief Justice Renato Corona __knowledge__ On December 12, 2011, 188 of the 285 members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines voted to transmit the 56-page Articles of Impeachment against Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona.", "Articles of Impeachment against Chief Justice Renato Corona __knowledge__ Of the six exclusive grounds laid down in Section 2, Article XI of the Constitution, the three grounds of (1) betrayal of public trust, (2) graft and corruption, and (3) culpable violation of the Constitution were distributed among the eight Articles of Impeachment tried by the Senate starting January 16, 2012.", "Articles of Impeachment against Chief Justice Renato Corona __knowledge__ On May 29, 2012, the Senate, voting 20–3, convicted Corona under Article II of the Articles of Impeachment filed against him pertaining to his failure to disclose to the public his statement of assets, liabilities, and net worth.", "Corona __knowledge__ A corona (Latin, 'crown') is an aura of plasma that surrounds the Sun and other stars.", "Corona __knowledge__ The Sun's corona extends millions of kilometres into space and is most easily seen during a total solar eclipse, but it is also observable with a coronagraph.", "Corona __knowledge__ The word \"corona\" is a Latin word meaning \"crown\", from the Ancient Greek κορώνη (korōnè, “garland, wreath”).", "Corona __knowledge__ The high temperature of the Sun's corona gives it unusual spectral features, which led some in the 19th century to suggest that it contained a previously unknown element, \"coronium\".", "Corona __knowledge__ Instead, these spectral features have since been explained by highly ionized iron (Fe-XIV).", "Corona discharge __knowledge__ A corona discharge is an electrical discharge brought on by the ionization of a fluid such as air surrounding a conductor that is electrically charged.", "Corona discharge __knowledge__ Spontaneous corona discharges occur naturally in high-voltage systems unless care is taken to limit the electric field strength.", "Corona discharge __knowledge__ A corona will occur when the strength (potential gradient) of the electric field around a conductor is high enough to form a conductive region, but not high enough to cause electrical breakdown or arcing to nearby objects.", "Corona discharge __knowledge__ It is often seen as a bluish (or other color) glow in the air adjacent to pointed metal conductors carrying high voltages, and emits light by the same property as a gas discharge lamp.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ The Molson Brewery was formed in 1786 in Montreal, Quebec, by the Molson family.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ In 2005, Molson merged with US-based Coors to form Molson Coors Brewing Company, the world's seventh-largest brewing company at that time.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ Molson-Coors Canada Inc. is the name of the Canadian division of the Molson Coors Brewing Company.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ Molson's first brewery was located on the Saint Lawrence River in Montreal, where the company continues to maintain its operations today.", "Molson Brewery __knowledge__ Founded in Montreal in 1786, the Molson Brewery is the oldest brewery in North America and continues to produce beer on the site of the original brewery.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Corporate propaganda __knowledge__ Corporate propaganda refers to propaganda disseminated by a corporation (or corporations), for the purpose of manipulating public opinion concerning to that corporation, and its activities.", "Corporate propaganda __knowledge__ The use of corporate propaganda can be commonly found in the fields of advertising, marketing, politics, history, and public relations.", "Corporate propaganda __knowledge__ There is debate as to whether corporate propaganda should be legal, with corporations claiming that advertising is an inherent right for any entity in a free market economy trying to sell a product or service, while modern leftists, social liberals, and social rights activists argue that corporate propaganda is tantamount to brainwashing.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ MillerCoors is a beer brewing company in the United States.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ In 2002 South African Breweries purchased Miller Brewing Company to create SABMiller.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ In 2005, Molson Brewery of Canada and Coors Brewing Company merged to form the Molson Coors Brewing Company.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ Then, in 2008, SABMiller and Molson Coors created MillerCoors as a joint venture for their operations in the U.S.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ The company is the second-largest brewer in the U.S., after Anheuser-Busch.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ These component companies had very different backgrounds.", "MillerCoors __knowledge__ Miller Brewing was started in 1855 by settler Frederick Miller who had been studying the making of beer for years; he first owned Plank Road Brewery before opening the first Miller Company in Milwaukee.", "Pete Coors __knowledge__ Peter Hanson Coors (born September 20, 1946) is an American businessman and politician.", "Pete Coors __knowledge__ He formerly served as the Chairman of the Molson Coors Brewing Company and Chairman of MillerCoors.", "Pete Coors __knowledge__ Peter Coors was inducted into the Colorado Business Hall of Fame by Junior Achievement-Rocky Mountain and the Denver Metro Chamber of Commerce in 2012.", "Pete Coors __knowledge__ Coors was born in Golden, Colorado.", "Pete Coors __knowledge__ He is the great-grandson of Adolph Coors, the brewing entrepreneur, and the son of Holly Coors (born Edith Holland Hanson) and Joseph Coors.", "Pete Coors __knowledge__ He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy and then from Cornell University with a degree in engineering.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Molson Coors Brewing Company is a multinational brewing company, formed in 2005 by the merger of Molson of Canada, and Coors of the United States.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ It is the world's seventh largest brewer by volume.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ While the company is incorporated in the United States, it is traded on stock exchanges in both the United States and Canada, and control is equally shared between the Molson and Coors families.", "Molson Coors Brewing Company __knowledge__ The company is headquartered at the 54-story 1801 California Street (CenturyLink Tower) in Denver, Colorado, with office areas, which are located on the 45th, 46th and part of the 47th floors in the tower." ] ]

[ 1, 28, 19, 0 ]

[ "Welcome to The Coors Brewing Company, the world's third largest brewing company!", "I'm just kidding. Coors is trash. Now Molson is where it's at! Been brewing in Montreal, Quebec since 1786!", "To be fair, Molson merged with Coors back in 2005, so all that Rocky Mountain stuff is just American corporate propaganda. They're actually Canadian now!", "Wrong again! Corona is actually owned by Anheuser-Busch InBev, which is based in Belgium! Waffles anyone?" ]

[ "Coors Brewing Company", "Coors Brewing Company", "Coors Brewing Company", "Coors Brewing Company" ]

[ "Beach", "I love the beach and the sound of the waves and the smell of salt water", "I love the natural beach near my house it has not been developed but left for the wildlife" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\".", "Long Island Sound __knowledge__ Long Island Sound is a tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean, lying between the eastern shores of Bronx County, New York City, southern Westchester County, and Connecticut to the north, and the North Shore of Long Island, to the south.", "Long Island Sound __knowledge__ From east to west, the sound stretches 110 miles (177 km) from the East River in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound.", "Long Island Sound __knowledge__ A mix of freshwater from tributaries and saltwater from the ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from .", "Long Island Sound __knowledge__ Several major cities are situated along Long Island Sound and more than 8 million people live within its watershed.", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ The shock had a moment magnitude of 9.1–9.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\").", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ The undersea megathrust earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing 230,000–280,000 people in 14 countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to high.", "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami __knowledge__ It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history.", "Speed of sound __knowledge__ The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium.", "Speed of sound __knowledge__ In dry air at , the speed of sound is .", "Speed of sound __knowledge__ At , the speed of sound is , or a kilometre in or a mile in .", "Speed of sound __knowledge__ The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition.", "Speed of sound __knowledge__ The speed has a weak dependence on frequency and pressure in ordinary air, deviating slightly from ideal behavior.", "Speed of sound __knowledge__ In common everyday speech, \"speed of sound\" refers to the speed of sound waves in air.", "Speed of sound __knowledge__ However, the speed of sound varies from substance to substance: sound travels most slowly in gases; it travels faster in liquids; and faster still in solids.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone , or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula .", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope , breaking down in the lower atmosphere to or dioxygen.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges, and is present in very low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere (stratosphere).", "Ozone __knowledge__ Its concentration is highest in the ozone layer region of the atmosphere, which absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.", "Pelham Bay Park __knowledge__ Pelham Bay Park is a municipal park located in the northeast corner of the New York City borough of the Bronx.", "Pelham Bay Park __knowledge__ It is, at , the largest public park in New York City.", "Pelham Bay Park __knowledge__ The park is more than three times the size of Manhattan's Central Park.", "Pelham Bay Park __knowledge__ The park is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks).", "Pelham Bay Park __knowledge__ Before its creation, the land comprising the current Pelham Bay Park was part of Anne Hutchinson's short-lived dissident colony.", "Pelham Bay Park __knowledge__ Part of New Netherland, it was destroyed in 1643 by a Siwanoy attack in reprisal for the unrelated massacres carried out under Willem Kieft's direction of the Dutch West India Company's New Amsterdam colony.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ Numbertime is a BBC educational numeracy television series for primary schools that was aired on BBC Two from 20 September 1993 to 3 December 2001.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ For its first four series, it was presented by Lolita Chakrabarti.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ El Nombre, an animated character from \"Numbertime\", eventually became the concept for another educational BBC children's television program; his name means \"The Name\" in Spanish, and not \"The Number\", which would be \"El Número\".", "Numbertime __knowledge__ The third line of his opening song and his farewell catchphrase were also changed several times during the series' run, to reflect their focus - however, the original ones (\"Writing numbers in the desert sand\" which was also used for the seventh series, and \"Adios amigos, and keep counting\" which was also used for the fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth series) remain the most famous.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Fun Time (TV series) __knowledge__ Fun Time was a Canadian children's television series which aired on CBC Television from 1956 to 1957.", "Fun Time (TV series) __knowledge__ The series featured Captain Frank (Frank Heron), his Fun Time Showboat and his parrot Matey.", "Fun Time (TV series) __knowledge__ Episodes began with magic tricks by Magic Tom (Tom Auburn) or with juggling.", "Fun Time (TV series) __knowledge__ Alan Jack and June Mack demonstrated how to play games and were featured with Captain Frank in various adventure segments filmed at various location.", "Fun Time (TV series) __knowledge__ Traffic and water safety lessons were given by Elmer the Safety Elephant.", "Fun Time (TV series) __knowledge__ The show's orchestra was led by Otto Muller.", "Fun Time (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Fun Time\" was produced in Montreal.", "Fun Time (TV series) __knowledge__ This half-hour series aired Thursdays at 5:30 p.m. (Eastern) from 5 July to 27 September 1956, then Fridays at 5:00 p.m. from 5 October 1956 until the last broadcast on 1 February 1957.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "Coastal management __knowledge__ Coastal management is defence against flooding and erosion, and techniques that stop erosion to claim lands.", "Coastal management __knowledge__ Coastal zones occupy less than 15% of the Earth's land area, while they host more than 40% of the world population.", "Coastal management __knowledge__ Nearly 1.2 billion people live within 100 km of a shoreline and 100 m of sea level, with an average density nearly 3 times higher than the global average for population.", "Coastal management __knowledge__ With three-quarters of the world population expected to reside in the coastal zone by 2025, human activities originating from this small land area will impose heavy pressure on coasts.", "Coastal management __knowledge__ Coastal zones contain rich resources to produce goods and services and are home to most commercial and industrial activities.", "Golden Isles of Georgia __knowledge__ The Golden Isles of Georgia are a group of four barrier islands and the mainland port city of Brunswick on the 100-mile-long coast of the U.S. state of Georgia on the Atlantic Ocean.", "Golden Isles of Georgia __knowledge__ They include St. Simons Island, Sea Island, Jekyll Island, Little St. Simons Island, and Historic Brunswick.", "Golden Isles of Georgia __knowledge__ Mild winters, together with natural beaches, vast stretches of marshland, maritime forests, historical sites, and abundant wildlife on both land and sea have made the Golden Isles a popular travel destination for families, nature-lovers, fishing and water sports enthusiasts, golfers, and history buffs.", "Golden Isles of Georgia __knowledge__ All the islands are located within Glynn County and make up the lower middle section of Georgia's eleven barrier islands.", "Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) district in the Indian state of Kerala promotes the area's hill stations, back waters, beaches, lagoons, and wildlife sanctuaries.", "Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The area is a popular tourism destination and receives chartered flights for medical tourism, as there are more than hundred recognised Ayurveda centres in and around the city.", "Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ This is primarily due to Ayurveda's popularity in foreign countries.", "Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Medical tourism is further promoted by modern medicine hospitals in the city.", "Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Recuperation facilities are available at five star beach resorts and hill stations nearby.", "Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Situated on the eastern side of the district at about above sea level, Agasthyarkoodam is one of the highest peaks in the Western Ghats and is the second highest peak in Kerala after Anamudi which is the highest peak in the Western Ghats.", "Effects of the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane in Florida __knowledge__ The effects of the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane in Florida included at least 2,500 fatalities in the state of Florida, making this the second deadliest tropical cyclone in the history of the United States, behind only the 1900 Galveston hurricane.", "Effects of the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane in Florida __knowledge__ The hurricane originated from a tropical depression that formed near Dakar, Senegal, on September 6.", "Effects of the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane in Florida __knowledge__ Traversing the Atlantic Ocean, the cyclone struck the Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, and the Bahamas as a powerful hurricane.", "Effects of the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane in Florida __knowledge__ Early on September 17, the storm made landfall near West Palm Beach, Florida, as a Category 4 hurricane on the modern day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.", "Tourism in Ecuador __knowledge__ Ecuador is a country with vast natural and cultural wealth.", "Tourism in Ecuador __knowledge__ The diversity of its four regions has resulted in hundreds of thousands of species of flora and fauna.", "Tourism in Ecuador __knowledge__ It has about 1640 species of birds.", "Tourism in Ecuador __knowledge__ The species of butterflies line the 4,500, the 345 reptiles, 358 amphibians and 258 mammals, among others.", "Tourism in Ecuador __knowledge__ Ecuador is considered one of the 17 countries where the greatest biodiversity of the planet is concentrated.", "Tourism in Ecuador __knowledge__ Most of its flora and fauna live in 26 areas protected by the State.", "Tourism in Ecuador __knowledge__ It also offers historical attractions such as Quito, food and a variety of cultures and traditions.", "Tourism in Ecuador __knowledge__ Ecuador is crossed from north to south by a volcanic section of Andes 70  volcanos, being the higher the Chimborazo, with 6310 m West of the Andes is the Gulf of Guayaquil and a wooded plain; at east, the Amazon.", "New Carissa __knowledge__ MV \"New Carissa\" was a freighter that ran aground on a beach near Coos Bay, Oregon, United States, during a storm in February 1999 and subsequently broke apart.", "New Carissa __knowledge__ An attempt to tow the bow section of the ship out to sea failed when the tow line broke, and the bow was grounded again.", "New Carissa __knowledge__ Eventually, the bow was successfully towed out to sea and sunk.", "New Carissa __knowledge__ The stern section remained on the beach near Coos Bay.", "New Carissa __knowledge__ Fuel on board the ship was burned off \"in situ\" with napalm, but a significant amount was also spilled from the wreckage, causing ecological damage to the coastline.", "New Carissa __knowledge__ The United States Coast Guard performed an investigation and found that captain's error was the main cause of the wreck; however, no criminal liability was established and the captain and crew were not charged.", "Bucklands Beach __knowledge__ Bucklands Beach is a suburb east of Auckland's CBD in New Zealand.", "Bucklands Beach __knowledge__ The suburb is in the Howick ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions of Auckland Council.", "Bucklands Beach __knowledge__ This area of Auckland was populated by Māori of the Ngai Tai iwi until the start of the Musket Wars (sometimes called the Potato Wars) which started in 1807.", "Bucklands Beach __knowledge__ The old pa at Musick point was called Te Waiarohia and was used perhaps as far back as 1450.", "Bucklands Beach __knowledge__ The last chief to command this pa was Te Rangi-Tauhia from about 1790.", "Bucklands Beach __knowledge__ The old Maori name for Eastern Beach was Okokino; for big Bucklands Beach Te Komiti and for little Bucklands Beach Waio-otaiki.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ Everglades National Park is a U.S. National Park in Florida that protects the southern 20 percent of the original Everglades.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ In the United States, it is the largest tropical wilderness, the largest wilderness of any kind east of the Mississippi River, and is visited on average by one million people each year.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ It is the third-largest national park in the lower 48 states after Death Valley and Yellowstone.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ It has been declared an International Biosphere Reserve, a World Heritage Site, and a Wetland of International Importance, one of only three locations in the world to appear on all three lists.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\".", "Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin and part of the neotropic ecozone.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The system begins near Orlando with the Kissimmee River, which discharges into the vast but shallow Lake Okeechobee.", "Everglades __knowledge__ Water leaving the lake in the wet season forms a slow-moving river wide and over long, flowing southward across a limestone shelf to Florida Bay at the southern end of the state.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades experience a wide range of weather patterns, from frequent flooding in the wet season to drought in the dry season.", "Geography and ecology of the Everglades __knowledge__ The geography and ecology of the Everglades involve the complex elements affecting the natural environment throughout the southern region of the U.S. state of Florida.", "Geography and ecology of the Everglades __knowledge__ Before drainage, the Everglades were an interwoven mesh of marshes and prairies covering .", "Geography and ecology of the Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades is simultaneously a vast watershed that has historically extended from Lake Okeechobee south to Florida Bay (around one-third of the southern Florida peninsula), and many interconnected ecosystems within a geographic boundary.", "Geography and ecology of the Everglades __knowledge__ It is such a unique meeting of water, land, and climate that the use of either singular or plural to refer to the Everglades is appropriate.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ In an average year the lake covers an area of around , but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ For instance, in 1963 it reached its lowest recorded size at 950 square miles (2,460 km²), but in 1988 the surface area was at the historic high of .", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ In terms of surface area, it is the largest lake in the United States that is not part of the Great Lakes region.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ The lake is the largest remnant of Lake Bonneville, a prehistoric pluvial lake that once covered much of western Utah.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Below is a list of all the villains who appear in the \"Ben 10\" universe ranging from \"Ben 10\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"Ben 10 (Reboot)\".", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Each of the villains has been sorted into the TV series that he or she debuted in.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Voiced by: Vilgax is a warlord who is Ben's first and most recurring nemesis through the series.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Being of the Chimera Sui Generis (named after the mythological Chimera) race, who are able to turn into giant squid-like creatures when exposed to water, Vilgax was exiled from his home world for being ruthless, cruel, and power hungry.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Soon after, Vilgax meets Maltruant as depicted in the Omniverse series finale which had him indirectly learn of the Omnitrix's existence when attacked by George Washington and a mysterious figure later revealed to be Ben." ] ]

[ 1, 13, 0 ]

[ "I like the beach, alongside a body of sand, it is always a fun time", "a large body of salt water is pretty crazy, that animals live there and thrive", "that is awesome, do you prefer it that way?" ]

[ "Beach", "Beach", "Beach" ]

[ "Lifeguard", "Wow! That seems like a very rewarding job. Did you ever save anyone?", "Interesting! That's a huge responsibility!", "Great! What kind of equipment did y'all use?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The priority is to ensure no harm comes to users of the area for which they are responsible.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards often take on this responsibility upon employment, although they can also be volunteers.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The conditions resulting in drowning are summarized by the 'drowning chain' in which each link can lead directly to an incident, or contribute to a succession of links.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ It consists of lack of education about water safety or local conditions, a lack of safety advice (for example, about rip currents at a beach) a lack of protection (like no flotation device for a weak swimmer), lack of safety supervision, or an inability to cope with conditions (strong surf with a weak swimmer)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The priority is to ensure no harm comes to users of the area for which they are responsible.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards often take on this responsibility upon employment, although they can also be volunteers.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The conditions resulting in drowning are summarized by the 'drowning chain' in which each link can lead directly to an incident, or contribute to a succession of links.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ It consists of lack of education about water safety or local conditions, a lack of safety advice (for example, about rip currents at a beach) a lack of protection (like no flotation device for a weak swimmer), lack of safety supervision, or an inability to cope with conditions (strong surf with a weak swimmer).", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She was preceded in office by Condoleezza Rice, and succeeded by John Kerry.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She is also the only former First Lady of the United States to become a member of the United States Cabinet.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Within a week after the November 4, 2008, presidential election, President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed over telephone the possibility of her serving as U.S. Secretary of State in his administration.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Clinton later related, \"He said I want you to be my secretary of state.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ \"Power Rangers Mystic Force\" is the 2006 season of Power Rangers which tells the story of the fight between the Mystic Rangers and the evil Forces of Darkness who are trying to rule over the worlds of mortals and magic.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ The powers of the Mystic Rangers are derived from beings known as the Ancient Titans, creatures with great elemental powers, symbolized by mythological creatures from various Earth mythologies on the Ranger's visors (the creatures being the phoenix, the sprite, the garuda, the minotaur and the mermaid).", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ To date, they are the only team of Rangers to not have some kind of team-up special with another Ranger team in their own season.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Huntington State Beach is a protected beach in Southern California, located in the City of Huntington Beach in Orange County.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ It extends from Newport Beach (Santa Ana River) north to Beach Boulevard, where the Huntington City Beach begins.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ The park was established in 1942.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach is a popular destination for many beach enthusiasts.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach has moderate to good surf, fishing, volleyball courts, basketball courts, bathrooms, and fire-rings for bonfires.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguard Services at Huntington State Beach are provided by the California State Parks Lifeguard Service.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguards patrol the beach year-round while lifeguard towers are staffed roughly Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend.", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ Mitchell \"Mitch\" Buchannon is a fictional character from the television series \"Baywatch\".", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ He was played by David Hasselhoff in every season of \"Baywatch\" and \"Baywatch Nights\" plus in the first season of \"Baywatch Hawaii\".", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ He also appeared in three films, \"\" (1995), \"\" (1998) and \"\" (2003).", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ Mitch was the main character from the series premiere of \"Baywatch\" in 1989 to the penultimate season of \"Baywatch: Hawaii\" in 2000, when David Hasselhoff decided to leave the series as an actor (though he retained his position as executive producer).", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ As the years progressed, Mitch increasingly served as a mentor and father figure to many of the younger lifeguards at Baywatch headquarters, helping them in work-related matters, and also issues in their personal lives.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard (commonly referred to by its original name, \"National Lifeguard Service\" or \"NLS\") is \"the standard measure of lifeguard performance in Canada\".", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ All lifeguards and assistant lifeguards are certified by the Royal Lifesaving Society of Canada.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard certification builds on the fundamental skills, knowledge and values of the Lifesaving Society to develop the practical skills and knowledge required by lifeguards.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard education is designed to develop a sound understanding of lifeguarding principles, good judgment and a mature and responsible attitude toward the role of the lifeguard.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Tuen Mun District () is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Its name was previously 'Tsing Shan' and it changed in the 1970s.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ It is the westernmost continental district of Hong Kong, located about 32 km from the Kowloon Peninsula, 7 km southwest of Yuen Long and 18 km west of Tsuen Wan.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ It had a population of 488,831 in 2001.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Part of the district is the Tuen Mun New Town, which contains one of the largest residential areas in the New Territories.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ According to Old history book of Tang dynasty ( Chinese traditional; ) Tuen Mun was a major trading port, and there were garrison soldiers defenced in the area as early as Tang dynasty ( A.D. 618--AD.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ Gregory J. Bonann (born June 28, 1952) is an American lifeguard, television producer, director, writer, and showrunner.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ He is best known for co-creating the internationally syndicated television series, \"Baywatch\", which ran for eleven seasons (242 episodes), and was listed in the 2001 Guinness Book of World Records as the most widely viewed TV series in the world.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ His later work includes the syndicated action drama, SAF3, and A Chance For Children, a charitable foundation that benefits homeless and at-risk youth.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ Bonann was born in Santa Monica, California, to Catholic parents Regina (née Caput), a bank teller, and Louis John Bonann, a physician and veteran of World War II.", "Wayne Lifeguard __knowledge__ The Wayne Lifeguard is a type C school bus built by Wayne Corporation, introduced in 1973.", "Wayne Lifeguard __knowledge__ Produced until Wayne Corporation declared bankruptcy and was liquidated in late 1992, the Lifeguard was also produced by successor Wayne Wheeled Vehicles until their closure in 1995.", "Wayne Lifeguard __knowledge__ The Lifeguard introduced new methods of design and construction for school buses to improve their safety in collisions.", "Wayne Lifeguard __knowledge__ In the late 1960s, a weak point and location of structural failure in catastrophic school bus crashes was considered to be body joints, the points where panels and pieces were fastened together.", "Wayne Lifeguard __knowledge__ Longitudinal steel guard rails had been in use since the 1930s to protect the sides of buses, but behind them on the sides and on the roofs, manufacturers used many individual panels to construct a bus body." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The priority is to ensure no harm comes to users of the area for which they are responsible.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards often take on this responsibility upon employment, although they can also be volunteers.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The conditions resulting in drowning are summarized by the 'drowning chain' in which each link can lead directly to an incident, or contribute to a succession of links.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ It consists of lack of education about water safety or local conditions, a lack of safety advice (for example, about rip currents at a beach) a lack of protection (like no flotation device for a weak swimmer), lack of safety supervision, or an inability to cope with conditions (strong surf with a weak swimmer).", "Jean Slater __knowledge__ Jean Slater (also Walters) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera, \"EastEnders\", played by Gillian Wright.", "Jean Slater __knowledge__ Her first appearance is in the episode first broadcast in the United Kingdom on 16 December 2004.", "Jean Slater __knowledge__ Having only been introduced for a week of episodes in 2004, Wright was later reintroduced as a regular character.", "Jean Slater __knowledge__ The character is introduced as the mother of Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner) who suffers bipolar disorder.", "Jean Slater __knowledge__ Her disorder strains her relationship with her children, Stacey and Sean Slater (Robert Kazinsky).", "Jean Slater __knowledge__ Wright researched the disorder to prepare for the role.", "Jean Slater __knowledge__ In April 2010, it was announced that Jean would be written out of the series, however, Wright was awarded a reprieve in late 2010.", "Diane O'Connor __knowledge__ Diane Hutchinson (also O'Connor and Drinkwell) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Alex Fletcher.", "Diane O'Connor __knowledge__ In 2010, \"Hollyoaks\" series producer, Paul Marquess, embarked on the show's rejuvenation and axed a number of cast members.", "Diane O'Connor __knowledge__ To compensate for the departures, the character of Diane and her family were created and introduced.", "Diane O'Connor __knowledge__ Fletcher's casting was announced in June 2010 and she began filming her scenes in the same month.", "Diane O'Connor __knowledge__ The actress said working on the show is practical as she does not have to relocate.", "Diane O'Connor __knowledge__ She made her first on-screen appearance on 1 September 2010.", "Octavio Vázquez __knowledge__ Octavio Vázquez Rodríguez (born September 10, 1972) is a Galician-American New York based composer of classical music.", "Octavio Vázquez __knowledge__ Born in Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, Spain), Vazquez spontaneously started writing music at age 7.", "Octavio Vázquez __knowledge__ At age 12 he became music director at St. Peter's church in Lugo.", "Octavio Vázquez __knowledge__ In 1989 he moved to Madrid, where he studied at the CAM Conservatory and the Madrid Royal Conservatory, taking degrees in piano, collaborative piano, and theory.", "Octavio Vázquez __knowledge__ After winning the prestigious Barrié de la Maza Foundation Scholarship, he went on to study composition at the Peabody Institute in Baltimore, and afterwards obtained his doctorate from the University of Maryland, College Park, where he was on a full Fellowship.", "Priesthood (Community of Christ) __knowledge__ In the Community of Christ, formerly the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, priesthood is God's power and authority to minister in the church and to conduct God's business on the earth.", "Priesthood (Community of Christ) __knowledge__ Although the church believes that all Christians are called by their gifts and talents to the ministry, priesthood is seen as a particular expression of universal ministry to which all are called.", "Priesthood (Community of Christ) __knowledge__ In the Community of Christ, both women and men can be ordained to the priesthood.", "Priesthood (Community of Christ) __knowledge__ All offices are deemed equal in importance, but the duties and responsibilities of each differ.", "Priesthood (Community of Christ) __knowledge__ For a person to be called to the priesthood for the first time, his or her calling is typically discerned by the pastor of the local congregation.", "Darna (2009 TV series) __knowledge__ Darna is a Philippine television drama action fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network.", "Darna (2009 TV series) __knowledge__ An adaptation from Mars Ravelo's fictional superheroine of the same name, it is directed by Dominic Zapata and Don Michael Perez and developed by Jun Lana.", "Darna (2009 TV series) __knowledge__ It is the third television series based on the \"Darna\" graphic novels by Mars Ravelo.", "Darna (2009 TV series) __knowledge__ It stars Marian Rivera as the title role and her alter-ego Narda, with Iwa Moto as her main nemesis Valentina, and Mark Anthony Fernandez as Eduardo.", "Darna (2009 TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered on August 10, 2009 and ended on February 19, 2010.", "Darna (2009 TV series) __knowledge__ Filipino comic book Mars Ravelo created the Asia's first superheroine in 1947 named Varga.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ Sarah Louise Platt (also Tilsley and Grimshaw) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera \"Coronation Street\".", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ She was born on-screen during the episode broadcast on 2 February 1987.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ She was played by Leah King in 1987 and by Lynsay King from 1987 until 8 October 1999 when King opted to leave to focus on her education.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ Tina O'Brien took over the role on 31 October 1999; she opted to leave in 2007 and made her final on-screen appearance on 30 December 2007.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ A number of false rumours about O'Brien returning to the role surfaced during her absence from the serial.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ In October 2014, it was announced that O'Brien was going to reprise the role, she returned to filming in February 2015 and returned on screen on 30 March 2015.", "Becky McDonald __knowledge__ Rebecca \"Becky\" McDonald (also Granger) is a fictional character from the ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\", played by Katherine Kelly.", "Becky McDonald __knowledge__ Becky was created by producer Steve Frost as a recurring character.", "Becky McDonald __knowledge__ She made her debut in the episode airing on 5 February 2006.", "Becky McDonald __knowledge__ Kelly was initially contracted to appear for three months, but became a series regular after impressing the serial's producers.", "Becky McDonald __knowledge__ In early 2011 Kelly announced her decision to leave the soap.", "Becky McDonald __knowledge__ Producer Phil Collinson created dramatic storylines in the build-up to her exit.", "Becky McDonald __knowledge__ Becky's storylines have focused on her friendship with Roy (David Neilson) and Hayley Cropper (Julie Hesmondhalgh), which helped change public opinion of the character, and her relationships with Jason Grimshaw (Ryan Thomas) and Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson), with the latter producing two wedding storylines which were highly publicised by ITV.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Wetsuit __knowledge__ A wetsuit is a garment, usually made of foamed neoprene, which is worn by surfers, divers, windsurfers, canoeists, and others engaged in water sports and other activities in or on water, providing thermal insulation, abrasion resistance and buoyancy.", "Wetsuit __knowledge__ The insulation properties depend on bubbles of gas enclosed within the material, which reduce its ability to conduct heat.", "Wetsuit __knowledge__ The bubbles also give the wetsuit a low density, providing buoyancy in water.", "Wetsuit __knowledge__ Hugh Bradner, a University of California, Berkeley physicist invented the modern wetsuit in 1952.", "Wetsuit __knowledge__ Wetsuits became available in the mid-1950s and evolved as the relatively fragile foamed neoprene was first backed, and later sandwiched, with thin sheets of tougher material such as nylon or later Lycra/Spandex.", "Rescue swimmer __knowledge__ Rescue swimmer is a designation given to Rescue Specialists, most commonly in the service of the military.", "Rescue swimmer __knowledge__ Rescue swimmers usually are charged with the rescue, assessment, and rendering of medical aid to persons in distress in the sea, on the land, or in the air.", "Rescue swimmer __knowledge__ This highly specialized position is extremely challenging.", "Rescue swimmer __knowledge__ The United States has several large divisions of the military organized by land, air, and sea operations.", "Rescue swimmer __knowledge__ Each of these divisions has its own training and deployment programs for rescue swimmers.", "Rescue swimmer __knowledge__ U.S. military rescue swimmers are considered part of the Special Operations community due to the difficulty of their training, high attrition rate, and high possibility of capture during wartime.", "Aquademics __knowledge__ Aquademics was a Michigan nonprofit organization established in 1990 to increase the number and presence of African American children in competitive water sports.", "Aquademics __knowledge__ In addition to sponsoring a competitive swimming team, Aquademics operated an academic support program.", "Aquademics __knowledge__ Based in Ann Arbor, Aquademics programs were open to all youth of color children, ages seven to sixteen, living in Washtenaw County.", "Aquademics __knowledge__ In operation throughout the 1990s, Aquademics formally disbanded at the turn of the 21st century.", "Aquademics __knowledge__ The Aquademics model resembled other athletics programs created in the late 1980s and 1990s, whose goal was to increase youth of color participation in sports lacking in diversity and with a history of racial exclusion.", "Golden Isles of Georgia __knowledge__ The Golden Isles of Georgia are a group of four barrier islands and the mainland port city of Brunswick on the 100-mile-long coast of the U.S. state of Georgia on the Atlantic Ocean.", "Golden Isles of Georgia __knowledge__ They include St. Simons Island, Sea Island, Jekyll Island, Little St. Simons Island, and Historic Brunswick.", "Golden Isles of Georgia __knowledge__ Mild winters, together with natural beaches, vast stretches of marshland, maritime forests, historical sites, and abundant wildlife on both land and sea have made the Golden Isles a popular travel destination for families, nature-lovers, fishing and water sports enthusiasts, golfers, and history buffs.", "Golden Isles of Georgia __knowledge__ All the islands are located within Glynn County and make up the lower middle section of Georgia's eleven barrier islands." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The priority is to ensure no harm comes to users of the area for which they are responsible.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards often take on this responsibility upon employment, although they can also be volunteers.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The conditions resulting in drowning are summarized by the 'drowning chain' in which each link can lead directly to an incident, or contribute to a succession of links.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ It consists of lack of education about water safety or local conditions, a lack of safety advice (for example, about rip currents at a beach) a lack of protection (like no flotation device for a weak swimmer), lack of safety supervision, or an inability to cope with conditions (strong surf with a weak swimmer).", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ German Radio Intelligence Operation during World War II were signals intelligence operations that were undertaken by German Axis forces in Europe during World War II.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ In keeping with German signals practice since 1942, the term \"communication intelligence\" () had been used when intercept units were assigned to observe both enemy \"radio and wire\" communication.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ When the observation of only enemy \"radio\" communication was undertaken, the term \"radio intelligence\" ().", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ The term \"intercept service\" () was also used up until 1942.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ Towards the end of World War II, about 12,000 troopers of the German Army were engaged in intercepting the radio traffic of an increasingly powerful adversary.", "Ferdinand Feichtner __knowledge__ Ferdinand Feichtner (* 3 February 1908 in Augsburg, Bavaria) was a German, Luftwaffe radar and radio intercept specialist, before and during the time of World War II and who became Chief Signals Officer of the Luftnachrichten Abteilung 352, the Signals intelligence agency, whose task was the mapping and interception of communication intelligence of Allied Air Forces in the Mediterranean area.", "Ferdinand Feichtner __knowledge__ Ferdinand Feichtner was responsible for a number of innovations in cryptanalysis, radio, radar, D/F and communication intelligence during the interwar period.", "Ferdinand Feichtner __knowledge__ Note:This article has been largly written by Feichtner, with some updates to change the voice, and respect to modernity.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The safety of underwater diving depends on four factors: the environment, the equipment, behaviour of the individual diver and performance of the dive team.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The underwater environment can impose severe physical and psychological stress on a diver, and is mostly beyond the diver's control.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ Equipment is used to operate underwater for anything beyond very short periods, and the reliable function of some of the equipment is critical to even short term survival.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ Other equipment allows the diver to operate in relative comfort and efficiency.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The performance of the individual diver depends on learned skills, many of which are not intuitive, and the performance of the team depends on communication and common goals.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "Radar in World War II __knowledge__ Radar in World War II greatly influenced many important aspects of the conflict.", "Radar in World War II __knowledge__ This revolutionary new technology of radio-based detection and tracking was used by both the Allies and Axis powers in World War II, which had evolved independently in a number of nations during the mid 1930s.", "Radar in World War II __knowledge__ At the outbreak of war in September 1939, both Great Britain and Germany had functioning radar systems.", "Radar in World War II __knowledge__ In Great Britain, it was called RDF, Range and Direction Finding, while in Germany the name \"Funkmessgerät\" (radio measuring device) was used.", "Radar in World War II __knowledge__ By the time of the Battle of Britain in mid-1940, the Royal Air Force (RAF) had fully integrated RDF as part of the national air defence.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ The Imperial Roman army are the terrestrial armed forces deployed by the Roman Empire from about 30 BC to 476 AD.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ This period is sometimes split into the Principate (30 BC – 284 AD) and Dominate (285–476) periods.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ Under Augustus (ruled 30 BC – 14 AD), the army consisted of \"legions\", eventually \"auxilia\" and also \"numeri\".", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ As all-citizen formations, and symbolic protectors of the dominance of the Italian \"master-nation\", legions enjoyed greater social prestige than the auxilia for much of the Principate.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ This was reflected in better pay and benefits.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ In addition, legionaries were equipped with more expensive and protective armour than auxiliaries, notably the \"lorica segmentata\", or laminated-strip armour.", "Doing It Right (scuba diving) __knowledge__ Doing It Right (DIR) is a holistic approach to scuba diving that encompasses several essential elements, including fundamental diving skills, teamwork, physical fitness, and streamlined and minimalistic equipment configurations.", "Doing It Right (scuba diving) __knowledge__ DIR proponents maintain that through these elements, safety is improved by standardizing equipment configuration and dive-team procedures for preventing and dealing with emergencies.", "Doing It Right (scuba diving) __knowledge__ DIR evolved out of the efforts of divers involved in the Woodville Karst Plain Project (WKPP) during the 1990s, who were seeking ways of reducing the fatality rate in those cave systems.", "Doing It Right (scuba diving) __knowledge__ The DIR philosophy is now used as a basis for teaching scuba diving from entry-level to technical and cave qualifications by several organizations, such as Global Underwater Explorers (GUE), Unified Team Diving (UTD) and InnerSpace Explorers (ISE).", "Automated external defibrillator __knowledge__ An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and is able to treat them through defibrillation, the application of electricity which stops the arrhythmia, allowing the heart to reestablish an effective rhythm.", "Automated external defibrillator __knowledge__ With simple audio and visual commands, AEDs are designed to be simple to use for the layperson, and the use of AEDs is taught in many first aid, certified first responder, and basic life support (BLS) level cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) classes.", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, also known by the acronym CPR is an emergency procedure performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ It is a basic but proven first aid skill, practiced throughout the world.", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ It is an effective method of keeping a victim of cardiac arrest alive long enough for definitive treatment to be delivered (usually defibrillation and intravenous cardiac drugs).", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ Prior to the inception of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, there had been some techniques to keep people alive developed in the 18th century, both in Japan and in Europe, however it was not until the mid-20th century that James Elam and Peter Safar discovered and published the method now known as CPR.", "Emergency medical services __knowledge__ Emergency medical services, also known as ambulance services or paramedic services (abbreviated to the initialism EMS, EMAS, EMARS or SAMU in some countries), are a type of emergency service dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care, transport to definitive care, and other medical transport to patients with illnesses and injuries which prevent the patient from transporting themselves.", "Emergency medical services __knowledge__ Emergency medical services may also be locally known as a paramedic service, a first aid squad, FAST squad, emergency squad, rescue squad, ambulance squad, ambulance service, ambulance corps, or life squad.", "First aid __knowledge__ First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.", "First aid __knowledge__ It includes initial intervention in a serious condition prior to professional medical help being available, such as performing CPR while awaiting an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut.", "First aid __knowledge__ First aid is generally performed by the layperson, with many people trained in providing basic levels of first aid, and others willing to do so from acquired knowledge.", "Drowning __knowledge__ Drowning is defined as respiratory impairment from being in or under a liquid.", "Drowning __knowledge__ It is further classified by outcome into: death, ongoing health problems, and no ongoing health problems.", "Drowning __knowledge__ Drowning itself is quick and silent, although it may be preceded by distress which is more visible.", "Drowning __knowledge__ Generally, in the early stages of drowning, very little water enters the lungs: a small amount of water entering the trachea causes a muscular spasm that seals the airway and prevents the passage of both air and water until unconsciousness occurs.", "Drowning __knowledge__ This means a person drowning is unable to shout or call for help, or seek attention, as they cannot obtain enough air." ] ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 2 ]

[ "I used to work as a lifeguard when I was younger.", "Yes, I used to supervise the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants.", "Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid.We used a variety of aids and equipment to do our job.", "It depends on requirements of the particular venue you were working." ]

[ "Lifeguard", "Lifeguard", "Lifeguard", "Lifeguard" ]

[ "Parenting\nHi, are you a parent?", "Yes, believe it or not I have 12 kids!", "No, not a single parent! I had 3 kids with my first husband, who died. And then I married a widower who had 6 kids. And we adopted 3 special needs kids.", "Yes, grandparents on both sides who are very involved, and aunts and uncles as well, although not all of them are local. It's a bit crazy at times but a lot of fun. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2009–10 season is Sunderland's third consecutive season in the top division of English football, the Premier League.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Ricky Sbragia was replaced by Steve Bruce in the close season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ His aim is to improve on the club's 16th position the previous season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in the Premier League with 24 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Andy Reid was the top scorer in the League Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Fraizer Campbell was the top scorer in the FA Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in all competitions with 25 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ At the end of the season, Darren Bent won both the club's official Player of the Season and the SAFC Supporters' Association awards.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ In January 2004, Sony announced the Hi-MD media storage format as a further development of the MiniDisc format.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ With its release in later 2004, came the ability to use newly developed, high-capacity 1 gigabyte Hi-MD discs, sporting the same dimensions as regular MiniDiscs.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The Hi-MD format can be considered obsolete as the last recorder/player was discontinued in 2011.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The discs themselves were withdrawn from sale in September 2012, though regular MiniDiscs are still available ().", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ Hi-MD offers the choice of several codecs for audio recording: PCM, Hi-SP and Hi-LP, each selectable on the Hi-MD Walkman itself.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ A hi-hat, also spelled hihat or high-hat, is a combination of two cymbals, a foot-operated pedal which moves a rod which in turn moves one of the cymbals, all mounted on a metal stand.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ Hihats are an essential part of the standard drum kit used by drummers in many popular music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ every genre of rock music) and traditional music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ blues) styles.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ It consists of a mating pair of small to medium-sized cymbals mounted on a stand, with the two cymbals facing each other.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ The bottom cymbal is fixed and the top is mounted on a rod which moves the top cymbal towards the bottom one when a foot pedal is depressed (a hihat that is in this position is said to be \"closed\" or \"closed hihats\").", "Tucson Toros __knowledge__ The Tucson Toros were a professional baseball team based in Tucson, Arizona, in the United States.", "Tucson Toros __knowledge__ The original Toros were a Triple-A minor league baseball team in the Pacific Coast League from 1969 to 1997, where they won the PCL Championship in 1991 and 1993.", "Tucson Toros __knowledge__ They were affiliated with several Major League Baseball teams over the years, most notably with the Houston Astros.", "Tucson Toros __knowledge__ The most-recent Toros were created as a new team in the independent Golden Baseball League on September 1, 2008.", "Tucson Toros __knowledge__ They were originally the Mesa Miners (2005) and Reno Silver Sox (2006–2008) before being purchased by Tucson Baseball LLC and relocating to Tucson.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ Delco Hi-Q, formerly Kimberly-Clark Hi-Q, or just Hi-Q is an academic quiz competition in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ It was founded in 1948, and is now an intracounty competition of high school students in six different states: Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Washington, Ohio, Florida, and Alabama.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ Delco Hi-Q is the oldest continuous academic quiz competition in the United States.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ It was started as radio quiz program for high school students in Delaware County, Pennsylvania by the Scott Paper Company, which ran it as a community relations program.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ \"Hi\" represented \"High School\" and \"Q\" represented \"I.Q.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series' popularity has made it a media franchise, as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon, and the most distributed property of MTV Networks.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "Kids Can Say No! __knowledge__ Kids Can Say No!, stylized as \"Kids Can Say No,\" is a 1985 British short educational film produced and directed by Jessica Skippon and written by Anita Bennett.", "Kids Can Say No! __knowledge__ It is intended to teach children between ages five and eight how to avoid situations where they might be sexually abused, how to escape such situations, and how to get help if they are abused.", "Kids Can Say No! __knowledge__ In the film, Australian celebrity Rolf Harris is in a park with a group of four children and tells them about proper and improper physical intimacy, which he calls \"yes\" and \"no\" feelings.", "Kids Can Say No! __knowledge__ The film has four role-playing scenes in which children encounter paedophiles, with Harris and the children discussing each scene.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Single parent __knowledge__ A single parent is a parent that parents alone without the other parent's support, meaning this particular parent is the only parent to the child, responsible for all financial, material, and emotional needs.", "Single parent __knowledge__ It means there is an absence of the other parent as opposed to a co-parent, meaning that the parent is not the only parent regardless of whether or not they are a couple.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Of course, this definition is loosely true.", "Single parent __knowledge__ There is no true definition of what \"single parent\" means and is more based on opinions.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Sometimes, one finds themselves in a single-parent family structure that has arisen due to death of the partner, intentional artificial insemination, or unplanned pregnancy.", "Military brat (U.S. subculture) __knowledge__ \"Military brat\" and various \"brat\" derivatives describe the child of a parent or parents serving full-time in the United States Armed Forces, and can also refer to the subculture and lifestyle of such families.", "Military brat (U.S. subculture) __knowledge__ The term refers to both current and former children of such families.", "Military brat (U.S. subculture) __knowledge__ The military brat lifestyle typically involves moving to new states or countries many times while growing up, as the child's military family is customarily transferred to new non-combat assignments; consequently, many military brats never have a home town.", "Military brat (U.S. subculture) __knowledge__ War-related family stresses are also a commonly occurring part of military brat life.", "Canadian nationality law __knowledge__ Canadian nationality law is promulgated by the Citizenship Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-29) since 1977.", "Canadian nationality law __knowledge__ The Act determines who is, or is eligible to be, a citizen of Canada.", "Canadian nationality law __knowledge__ The Act replaced the previous Canadian Citizenship Act (S.C. 1946, c. 15; cited after 1970 as R.S.C.", "Canadian nationality law __knowledge__ 1970, c. C-19) in 1977 and has gone through four significant amendments, in 2007, 2009, 2015 and 2017.", "Canadian nationality law __knowledge__ Canadian citizenship is typically obtained by birth in Canada on the principle of \"jus soli\", or birth abroad when at least one parent is a Canadian citizen or by adoption by at least one Canadian citizen under the rules of \"jus sanguinis\".", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ Blueberry is Western comic series created in the Franco-Belgian \"bandes dessinées\" (BD) tradition by the Belgian scriptwriter Jean-Michel Charlier and French comics artist Jean \"Mœbius\" Giraud.", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ It chronicles the adventures of Mike Blueberry on his travels through the American Old West.", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ Blueberry is an atypical western hero; he is not a wandering lawman who brings evil-doers to justice, nor a handsome cowboy who \"rides into town, saves the ranch, becomes the new sheriff and marries the schoolmarm.\"", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ In any situation, he sees what he thinks needs doing, and he does it.", "Blueberry (comics) __knowledge__ The series spawned out of the 1963 \"Fort Navajo\" comics series, originally intended as an ensemble narrative, but which quickly gravitated around the breakout character \"Blueberry\" as the main and central character after the first two stories, causing the series to continue under his name later on.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ The family structure of African-Americans has long been a matter of national public policy interest.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ A 1965 report by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, known as \"The \", examined the link between black poverty and family structure.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ It hypothesized that the destruction of the Black nuclear family structure would hinder further progress toward economic and political equality.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ When Moynihan wrote in 1965 on the coming destruction of the black family, the out-of-wedlock birthrate was 25 percent among blacks.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ In 1991, 68 percent of black children were born outside of marriage.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ In 2011, 72% of Black babies were born to unwed mothers.", "Quantitative genetics __knowledge__ Quantitative genetics is a branch of population genetics that deals with phenotypes that vary continuously (in characters such as height or mass)—as opposed to discretely identifiable phenotypes and gene-products (such as eye-colour, or the presence of a particular biochemical).", "Quantitative genetics __knowledge__ Both branches use the frequencies of different alleles of a gene in breeding populations (gamodemes), and combine them with concepts from simple Mendelian inheritance to analyze inheritance patterns across generations and descendant lines.", "Quantitative genetics __knowledge__ While population genetics can focus on particular genes and their subsequent metabolic products, quantitative genetics focuses more on the outward phenotypes, and makes summaries only of the underlying genetics.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, age of consent laws regarding sexual activity are made at the state level.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ There are several federal statutes related to protecting minors from sexual predators, but laws regarding specific age requirements for sexual consent are left to individual states, territories, and the District of Columbia.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, legal age of consent ranges from 16 to 18 years old.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ In some places, civil and criminal laws within the same state conflict with each other.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ While the general age of consent is now set between 16 and 18 in all U.S. states, the age of consent has widely varied across the country in the past." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Single parent __knowledge__ A single parent is a parent that parents alone without the other parent's support, meaning this particular parent is the only parent to the child, responsible for all financial, material, and emotional needs.", "Single parent __knowledge__ It means there is an absence of the other parent as opposed to a co-parent, meaning that the parent is not the only parent regardless of whether or not they are a couple.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Of course, this definition is loosely true.", "Single parent __knowledge__ There is no true definition of what \"single parent\" means and is more based on opinions.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Sometimes, one finds themselves in a single-parent family structure that has arisen due to death of the partner, intentional artificial insemination, or unplanned pregnancy.", "Special education __knowledge__ Special education (also known as special needs education, aided education, exceptional education or Special Ed) is the practice of educating students with special educational needs in a way that addresses their individual differences and needs.", "Special education __knowledge__ Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, and accessible settings.", "Special education __knowledge__ These interventions are designed to help individuals with special needs achieve a higher level of personal self-sufficiency and success in school and in their community, that may not be available if the student were only given access to a typical classroom education.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ The family structure of African-Americans has long been a matter of national public policy interest.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ A 1965 report by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, known as \"The \", examined the link between black poverty and family structure.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ It hypothesized that the destruction of the Black nuclear family structure would hinder further progress toward economic and political equality.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ When Moynihan wrote in 1965 on the coming destruction of the black family, the out-of-wedlock birthrate was 25 percent among blacks.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ In 1991, 68 percent of black children were born outside of marriage.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ In 2011, 72% of Black babies were born to unwed mothers.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ Rugrats is an American animated television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ The show focuses on a group of toddlers, most prominently Tommy, Chuckie, twins Phil and Lil, and Angelica, and their day-to-day lives, usually involving common life experiences that become adventures in the babies' imaginations.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ Adults in the series are almost always unaware of what the children are up to.", "Rugrats __knowledge__ The series premiered on Sunday, August 11, 1991, as the second Nicktoon after \"Doug\" and preceding \"The Ren & Stimpy Show\".", "Rugrats __knowledge__ Production was initially halted in 1995 after 65 episodes, with the last episode airing on May 22, 1994.", "Temasek Cares __knowledge__ Temasek Cares CLG Ltd (Temasek Cares) is a Singapore non-profit philanthropic organisation set up in 2009 to commemorate the 35th anniversary of Temasek Holdings.", "Temasek Cares __knowledge__ Backed by four endowments, Temasek Cares aims to improve the lives of underprivileged individuals, families, and communities in Singapore .", "Temasek Cares __knowledge__ Temasek Cares funds programmes that contribute to the well-being, dignity, and livelihood of the underprivileged in Singapore through its four thrusts of “building people”, “building community”, “building capability”, and “rebuilding lives”.", "Temasek Cares __knowledge__ It has aided nearly 17,600 individuals in Singapore over the last five years.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Educational inequality __knowledge__ Educational inequality is the unequal distribution of academic resources, including but not limited to; school funding, qualified and experienced teachers, books, and technologies to socially excluded communities.", "Educational inequality __knowledge__ These communities tend to be historically disadvantaged and oppressed.", "Educational inequality __knowledge__ More times than not, individuals belonging to these marginalized groups are also denied access to the schools with abundant resources.", "Educational inequality __knowledge__ Inequality leads to major differences in the educational success or efficiancy of these individuals and ultimately suppresses social and economic mobility.", "Educational inequality __knowledge__ \"See Statistic sections for more information.\"", "Family structure in the United States __knowledge__ The traditional family structure in the United States is considered a family support system involving two married individuals providing care and stability for their biological offspring.", "Family structure in the United States __knowledge__ However, this two-parent, nuclear family has become less prevalent, and alternative family forms have become more common.", "Family structure in the United States __knowledge__ The family is created at birth and establishes ties across generations.", "Family structure in the United States __knowledge__ Those generations, the extended family of aunts, uncles, grandparents, and cousins, can hold significant emotional and economic roles for the nuclear family.", "Family structure in the United States __knowledge__ Over time, the traditional structure has had to adapt to very influential changes, including divorce and the introduction of single-parent families, teenage pregnancy and unwed mothers, and same-sex marriage, and increased interest in adoption.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ Sociological studies of the family look at: Examples of specific issues looked at include: Research methods in the sociology of the family can be broken down to three major approaches, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ One approach is survey research of contemporary families.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ This holds the benefit of leaving statistical data and large and hopefully random samples from which a researcher can interpolate the general traits of a society.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ However, survey respondents tend to answer as would feel regular or ideal rather than as things might actually be.", "Sociology of the family __knowledge__ It also gives a very one-sided explanation view of a larger group, which does not sufficiently allow for contention.", "High School and Beyond __knowledge__ High School and Beyond (HS&B) is a national longitudinal study originally funded by the United States Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) as a part of their longitudinal studies program.", "High School and Beyond __knowledge__ NORC at the University of Chicago, then known as the National Opinion Research Center, developed the sample design and performed the data collection for the study.", "High School and Beyond __knowledge__ The study surveyed students from 1,015 public and private high schools on their cognitive and non-cognitive skills, high school experiences, work experiences, and future plans.[1].", "High School and Beyond __knowledge__ Baseline surveys were administered in 1980, with follow-up surveys in 1982, 1984, 1986, and 1992.", "Juvenilization of poverty __knowledge__ The term juvenilization of poverty is one used to describe the processes by which children are at a higher risk for being poor, suffer consistent and long-term negative effects due to deprivation (physical, mental, and psychological), and are disproportionally affected by systemic issues that perpetuate poverty.", "Juvenilization of poverty __knowledge__ The term connotes not just the mere existence of child poverty but the increase in both relative and absolute measures of poverty among children as compared to both other vulnerable groups and the population at large.", "Juvenilization of poverty __knowledge__ Academic study of the juvenilization of poverty attempts to explain the methodical ways in which children are systematically disenfranchised by institutions, government welfare spending, and opportunities for health and wellness.", "Family __knowledge__ In the context of human society, a family (from ) is a group of people affiliated either by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage or other relationship), or co-residence (as implied by the etymology of the English word \"family\") or some combination of these.", "Family __knowledge__ Members of the immediate family may include spouses, parents, brothers, sisters, sons, and daughters.", "Family __knowledge__ Members of the extended family may include grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and siblings-in-law.", "Family __knowledge__ Sometimes these are also considered members of the immediate family, depending on an individual's specific relationship with them." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Untranslatability __knowledge__ Untranslatability is a property of a text, or of any utterance, in one language, for which no equivalent text or utterance can be found in another language when translated.", "Untranslatability __knowledge__ Terms are, however, neither exclusively translatable nor exclusively untranslatable; rather, the degree of difficulty of translation depends on their nature, as well as on the translator's knowledge of the languages in question.", "Untranslatability __knowledge__ Quite often, a text or utterance that is considered to be \"untranslatable\" is actually a \"lacuna\", or lexical gap.", "Untranslatability __knowledge__ That is, there is no one-to-one equivalence between the word, expression or turn of phrase in the source language and another word, expression or turn of phrase in the target language.", "Isaaq genocide __knowledge__ The Isaaq genocide or \"Hargeisa Holocaust\" was the systematic, state-sponsored massacre of Isaaq civilians between 1988 and 1991 by the Somali Democratic Republic under the dictatorship of Siad Barre.", "Isaaq genocide __knowledge__ The number of civilian deaths in this massacre is estimated to be between 50,000-100,000 according to various sources, whilst local reports estimate the total civilian deaths to be upwards of 200,000 Isaaq civilians.", "Isaaq genocide __knowledge__ This genocide also included the levelling and complete destruction of the second and third largest cities in Somalia, Hargeisa (which was 90 per cent destroyed) and Burao (70 per cent destroyed) respectively, and had caused up to 500,000 Somalis (primarily of the Isaaq clan) to flee their land and cross the border to Hartasheikh in Ethiopia as refugees, in what was described as \"one of the fastest and largest forced movements of people recorded in Africa\", and resulted in the creation of the world's largest refugee camp then (1988), with another 400,000 being internally displaced.", "Extended family __knowledge__ An extended family is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, consisting of parents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, all living nearby or in the same household.", "Extended family __knowledge__ An example is a married couple that lives with either the husband or the wife's parents.", "Extended family __knowledge__ The family changes from immediate household to extended household.", "Extended family __knowledge__ In some circumstances, the extended family comes to live either with or in place of a member of the immediate family.", "Extended family __knowledge__ These families include, in one household, near relatives in addition to an immediate family.", "Extended family __knowledge__ An example would be an elderly parent who moves in with his or her children due to old age.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "If I Were a Boy __knowledge__ \"If I Were a Boy\" is a song performed by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé from her third studio album \"I Am... Sasha Fierce\" (2008).", "If I Were a Boy __knowledge__ It was written by BC Jean and Toby Gad, who also handled its production alongside Beyoncé.", "If I Were a Boy __knowledge__ Inspired by the difficult break-up of a romantic relationship, the song was initially recorded by Jean, whose record company rejected it.", "If I Were a Boy __knowledge__ Beyoncé then recorded her own version.", "If I Were a Boy __knowledge__ Jean was upset when she learned that Beyoncé was releasing it as a single, but eventually, they reached an agreement.", "If I Were a Boy __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"If I Were a Boy\" to US radio on October 8, 2008, as a double A-side single album's alongside \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\" as the lead singles.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Detailed anthropological and sociological studies have been made about customs of patrilineal inheritance, where only male children can inherit.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Some cultures also employ matrilineal succession, where property can only pass along the female line, most commonly going to the sister's sons of the decedent; but also, in some societies, from the mother to her daughters.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ Some ancient societies and most modern states employ egalitarian inheritance, without discrimination based on gender and/or birth order.", "Systems of social stratification __knowledge__ The system of patrilineal primogeniture traditionally prevalent among most southern Bantu tribes is explained in detail by Isabel Moodley: \"Due to the polygynous nature of the customary marriage, African customary law distinguishes between \"family rank\" and \"house rank\".", "Casper Meets Wendy __knowledge__ Casper Meets Wendy is a 1998 direct-to-video fantasy family comedy film based on the Harvey Comics cartoon characters Casper the Friendly Ghost and Wendy the Good Little Witch.", "Casper Meets Wendy __knowledge__ The film is a sequel to \"\" while it being the second prequel/spin-offs to the 1995 film \"Casper\".", "Casper Meets Wendy __knowledge__ Haim Saban, best known for creating the \"Power Rangers\", serves as an executive producer for this movie, and his production company, Saban Entertainment, was also involved.", "Casper Meets Wendy __knowledge__ This was the first major film for Hilary Duff, who was nearly 11 years old when the film was released on September 22, 1998.", "Casper Meets Wendy __knowledge__ It then aired on October 27, 1998, four days before Halloween, on Fox Family.", "Mosuo __knowledge__ The Mosuo (; also spelled Moso), often called the Na among themselves, are a small ethnic group living in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in China, close to the border with Tibet.", "Mosuo __knowledge__ Consisting of a population of approximately 40,000, many of them live in the Yongning region, around Lugu Lake, in Labai, in Muli, and in Yanyuan, located high in the Himalayas ().", "Mosuo __knowledge__ Although the Mosuo are culturally distinct from the Nakhi (Naxi), the Chinese government places them as members of the Nakhi minority.", "Mosuo __knowledge__ The Nakhi are about 320,000 people, spread throughout different provinces in China.", "Mosuo __knowledge__ Their culture has been documented by indigenous scholars Lamu Gatusa, Latami Dashi, Yang Lifen and He Mei.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ The family structure of African-Americans has long been a matter of national public policy interest.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ A 1965 report by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, known as \"The \", examined the link between black poverty and family structure.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ It hypothesized that the destruction of the Black nuclear family structure would hinder further progress toward economic and political equality.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ When Moynihan wrote in 1965 on the coming destruction of the black family, the out-of-wedlock birthrate was 25 percent among blacks.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ In 1991, 68 percent of black children were born outside of marriage.", "African-American family structure __knowledge__ In 2011, 72% of Black babies were born to unwed mothers.", "Family structure in the United States __knowledge__ The traditional family structure in the United States is considered a family support system involving two married individuals providing care and stability for their biological offspring.", "Family structure in the United States __knowledge__ However, this two-parent, nuclear family has become less prevalent, and alternative family forms have become more common.", "Family structure in the United States __knowledge__ The family is created at birth and establishes ties across generations.", "Family structure in the United States __knowledge__ Those generations, the extended family of aunts, uncles, grandparents, and cousins, can hold significant emotional and economic roles for the nuclear family.", "Family structure in the United States __knowledge__ Over time, the traditional structure has had to adapt to very influential changes, including divorce and the introduction of single-parent families, teenage pregnancy and unwed mothers, and same-sex marriage, and increased interest in adoption.", "Family __knowledge__ In the context of human society, a family (from ) is a group of people affiliated either by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage or other relationship), or co-residence (as implied by the etymology of the English word \"family\") or some combination of these.", "Family __knowledge__ Members of the immediate family may include spouses, parents, brothers, sisters, sons, and daughters.", "Family __knowledge__ Members of the extended family may include grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and siblings-in-law.", "Family __knowledge__ Sometimes these are also considered members of the immediate family, depending on an individual's specific relationship with them." ] ]

[ 6, 47, 62, 58 ]

[ "I am not a parent. Well, not yet at least. What about you?", "Are you a single parent? If so, do you mind me asking why that is the family structure?", "That's a very large family. What about the rest of the extended family? Are there any grandparents, aunts, uncles in the picture?", "That's super nice. I feel like that is super beneficial for the children to have so many family members to talk to and provide support for them. Are the children close with everyone?" ]

[ "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting" ]

[ "Veganism\nDo you know anyone who is a Vegan? I am and it's really hard and sort of lonely. ", "Probably where I live. I'm in the south where they even cook veggies in pork! ", "Mostly ethics. I feel like it's so random on what people say is ok to eat. Why stop at dogs and cats? All animals are animals whether or not domesticated!", "I am not - I feel like they are too extreme and give Vegans a bad name! What do you think about them?", "Yeah you'd think by now they'd realize their shock marketing doesn't work. It almost makes me want to eat animal products!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees.", "Moby __knowledge__ Richard Melville Hall (born September 11, 1965), better known by his stage name Moby, is an American musician, DJ, record producer, singer, songwriter, photographer and animal rights activist.", "Moby __knowledge__ He is well known for his electronic music, veganism and support of animal rights.", "Moby __knowledge__ Moby has sold over 20 million records worldwide.", "Moby __knowledge__ AllMusic considers him \"one of the most important dance music figures of the early 1990s, helping bring the music to a mainstream audience both in the UK and in America\".", "Moby __knowledge__ Moby gained attention in the early 1990s with his electronic dance music work, which experimented in the techno and breakbeat hardcore genres.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ Sir James Paul McCartney, (born 18 June 1942), is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ He gained worldwide fame as the bass guitarist and singer for the rock band the Beatles, widely considered the most popular and influential group in the history of pop music.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ His songwriting partnership with John Lennon was the most successful of the post-war era.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ McCartney is one of the most successful composers and performers of all time.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Victoria Moran is an American author and speaker.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ She has written a number of books specializing in both spirituality and veganism.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Moran hosts the \"Main Street Vegan\" radio show and podcast on \"Unity Online Radio\".", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ She started her career as a freelance magazine writer and has gone on to publish a number of best-selling vegan books, starting in 1985 with \"Compassion the Ultimate Ethic\", which was based on her undergraduate college thesis.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Her 2012 book, \"Main Street Vegan\", is the basis of her company and outreach, including the Main Street Vegan podcast, Main Street Vegan Academy, and Main Street Vegan Productions.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ The following is a list of magical objects used in the \"Harry Potter\" series.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ In \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", Hermione Granger creates fake, enchanted Galleons that are used for communication between members of Dumbledore's Army.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ Like real Galleons, the coins have numerals around the edge; on normal Galleons these serial numbers aren't used the same way the enchanted coins are used, the numbers represent the time and date of the next meeting, and automatically change to match whatever numbers Harry Potter sets on his coin.", "Magical objects in Harry Potter __knowledge__ Due to the coins being infused with a Protean Charm, once Harry Potter alters his, every coin changes to suit." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ Casey Jones (born July 18, 1993), better known by his stage name Casey Veggies, is an American rapper and songwriter from Los Angeles, California.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ Since 2007, he has released five independent mixtapes under LA clothing and management company Peas & Carats Intl.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ His debut studio album, \"Live & Grow\", was released on September 25, 2015.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ Aside from his solo career, Casey was a founding member of the Los Angeles hip hop collective Odd Future.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ At the age of 14, Casey released his first mixtape, titled \"Customized Greatly Vol.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ 1\"; while he was going through by his stage name at the time, as Custom.", "Casey Veggies __knowledge__ Casey was one of the founding members of the hip hop collective Odd Future, appearing on the collective's first effort The Odd Future Tape, before he decided to branch out on his own, after his first mixtape release.", "Veggies of Nottingham __knowledge__ Veggies of Nottingham, also known as Veggies Catering Campaign, is a company and a campaigning group based in Nottingham, England, promoting ethical alternatives to mainstream fast food.", "Veggies of Nottingham __knowledge__ It does this by hosting events such as the annual East Midlands Vegan Festival, publishing books and leaflets, and maintaining an extensive website, including a Contacts Directory of groups with similar aims.", "Veggies of Nottingham __knowledge__ As a non-profit worker co-operative it also provides affordable, wholesome, minimally-packaged vegan catering at a wide range of events and protests using fair trade, organic and/or locally sourced ingredients.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ Barbecue varies by the type of meat, sauce, rub, or other flavorings used, the point in barbecuing at which they are added, the role smoke plays, the equipment and fuel used, cooking temperature, and cooking time.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be ground, for hamburgers, or processed into sausage or kebabs.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be marinated or rubbed with spices before cooking, basted with a sauce or oil before, during or after cooking, or any combination of these.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braaivleis\" (; ) is Afrikaans for grilled meat.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braai\" (plural \"braais\") is Afrikaans for barbecue or grill and is a social custom in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi.", "Pork rind __knowledge__ Pork rind is the culinary term for the skin of a pig.", "Pork rind __knowledge__ It can also be fried or roasted in pork fat (lard) as a snack.", "Pork rind __knowledge__ The frying renders much of the fat that is attached to the uncooked rind, causing the size of the cooked product to be reduced considerably.", "Pork rind __knowledge__ This product may be known by alternative names, such as \"chicharrón\" in Spanish, \"kaiings\" in South Africa, and pork scratchings or pork cracklings in the UK, although \"crackling\" may instead refer to the rind on a roasted pork joint.", "Pork rind __knowledge__ Often a by-product of the rendering of lard, it is also a way of making even the tough skin of a pig edible.", "Fruits & Veggies – More Matters __knowledge__ Fruits & Veggies – More Matters is a national public health initiative from Produce for Better Health Foundation and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables.", "Fruits & Veggies – More Matters __knowledge__ This campaign, begun in 2007, took the place of the 5 A Day program.", "Fruits & Veggies – More Matters __knowledge__ The shift was implemented in order to better communicate updated dietary guidelines, which recommended more than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables for some Americans.", "Fruits & Veggies – More Matters __knowledge__ The United States Department of Agriculture’s \"2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans\", released in January 2005, recommends various numbers of servings of fruits and vegetables depending on an individual’s calorie needs – ranging from 4 to 13 servings, or 2 to 6.5 cups, per day, yet research indicates that over 90 percent of Americans do not meet their recommended amount.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy has been a major influence in the development of 20th-century philosophy, especially existentialism and postmodernism.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ Kierkegaard was a 19th-century Danish philosopher who has been called the \"Father of Existentialism\".", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ His philosophy also influenced the development of existential psychology.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ Kierkegaard criticized aspects of the philosophical systems that were brought on by philosophers such as Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel before him and the Danish Hegelians.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ He was also indirectly influenced by the philosophy of Immanuel Kant.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ He measured himself against the model of philosophy which he found in Socrates, which aims to draw one's attention not to explanatory systems, but rather to the issue of how one exists.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Ethics __knowledge__ Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.", "Ethics __knowledge__ The term \"ethics\" derives , .", "Ethics __knowledge__ The branch of philosophy axiology comprises the sub-branches of ethics and aesthetics, each concerned with values.", "Ethics __knowledge__ Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime.", "Ethics __knowledge__ As a field of intellectual enquiry, moral philosophy also is related to the fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory.", "Ethics __knowledge__ Three major areas of study within ethics recognized today are: Rushworth Kidder states that \"standard definitions of \"ethics\" have typically included such phrases as 'the science of the ideal human character' or 'the science of moral duty'." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Christian vegetarianism is a Christian practice based on effecting the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the early church to all sentient or living beings through vegetarianism or, ideally, veganism.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Alternatively, Christians may be vegetarian for ethical, environmental, nutritional, or other spiritual reasons.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Various church founders have recommended vegetarianism, such as William Cowherd from the Bible Christian Church and Ellen G. White from the Seventh-day Adventists.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Cowherd, who founded the Bible Christian Church in 1809, helped to establish the world's first Vegetarian Society in 1847.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.", "Meat __knowledge__ Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times.", "Meat __knowledge__ The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs and cattle.", "Meat __knowledge__ This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale with the aid of slaughterhouses.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat.", "Meat __knowledge__ It is edible raw, but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways.", "Meat __knowledge__ Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with and decomposition by bacteria and fungi." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Vegaphobia (or vegephobia) is the aversion to and discrimination against vegetarian and vegan people.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Some of the oldest episodes of aversion can be found in the 3rd and 4th centuries when Greek comedies are written where Pythagoras is despised of his choice of not eating meat.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ They then have episodes of persecution of vegetarians in China in the twelfth century as well as in the European medieval, where they were branded as heretics and persecuted by the Holy Inquisition.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ These persecutions are also detailed in the essay Pythagora's Supper by Erica Joy Mannucci.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ In recent times, Nazi Germany became the protagonist of the vegetarian persecution.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health.", "Blake Lewis __knowledge__ Blake Colin Lewis (born July 21, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, and beatboxer who was the runner-up on the sixth season of \"American Idol\".", "Blake Lewis __knowledge__ His major label debut album \"A.D.D.", "Blake Lewis __knowledge__ (Audio Day Dream)\" was released on December 4, 2007 through 19 Recordings and Arista Records.", "Blake Lewis __knowledge__ On October 30, 2007, his first single \"Break Anotha\" was released.", "Blake Lewis __knowledge__ The album landed on number ten on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 as its highest peak position with 97,500 copies sold in its debut, and has sold over 350,000 copies.", "Blake Lewis __knowledge__ After the release of his second single \"How Many Words\", which peaked at number eight on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Dance/Club Play Songs, Lewis was dropped by Arista Records.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Ingrid Newkirk __knowledge__ Ingrid E. Newkirk (born June 11, 1949) is an English-born British-American animal rights activist and the president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the world's largest animal rights organization.", "Ingrid Newkirk __knowledge__ She is the author of several books, including \"Making Kind Choices\" (2005) and \"The PETA Practical Guide to Animal Rights: Simple Acts of Kindness to Help Animals in Trouble\" (2009).", "Ingrid Newkirk __knowledge__ Newkirk has worked for the animal-protection movement since 1972.", "Ingrid Newkirk __knowledge__ Under her leadership in the 1970s as the District of Columbia's first female poundmaster, legislation was passed to create the first spay/neuter clinic in Washington, D.C., as well as an adoption program and the public funding of veterinary services, leading her to be among those chosen in 1980 as Washingtonians of the Year.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "Animal rights movement __knowledge__ The animal rights movement, sometimes called the animal liberation movement, animal personhood, or animal advocacy movement, is a social movement which seeks an end to the rigid moral and legal distinction drawn between human and non-human animals, an end to the status of animals as property, and an end to their use in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries.", "Animal rights movement __knowledge__ It is one of the few examples of a social movement that was created, and is to a large extent sustained academically, by philosophers.", "Animal rights movement __knowledge__ All animal liberationists believe that the individual interests of non-human animals deserve recognition and protection, but the movement can be split into two broad camps.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ Steven Omar \"Steve\" Hindi (born ) is an American animal rights activist and businessman.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ He is the founder and president of the animal rights organization Showing Animals Respect and Kindness (SHARK).", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, Hindi grew up in a hunting and fishing culture.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ In 1985, he caught a 230-pound Mako shark in a feat that received a writeup in the \"New York Daily News\".", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ He ceased hunting and fishing after witnessing a live pigeon shoot in Pennsylvania on Labor Day, September 4, 1989.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ Shocked and disgusted by the sight of thousands of pigeons getting shot after flying from boxes, Hindi vowed to give up his hunting hobby and fight against it instead.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), based in Washington, D.C., is an American nonprofit organization founded by journalist Fred Myers and Helen Jones, Larry Andrews, and Marcia Glaser in 1954, to address what they saw as animal-related cruelties of national scope, and to resolve animal welfare problems by applying strategies beyond the resources or abilities of local organizations.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, the \"Chronicle of Philanthropy\" identified HSUS as the 136th largest charity in the United States in its Philanthropy 400 listing.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ As of 2001, the group's major campaigns targeted five issues: factory farming, animal fighting, the fur trade, puppy mills, and wildlife abuse.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research and \"in vivo\" testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in their natural environments.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, defense establishments and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ The focus of animal testing varies on a continuum from pure research, focusing on developing fundamental knowledge of an organism, to applied research, which may focus on answering some question of great practical importance, such as finding a cure for a disease." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "Margarine __knowledge__ Margarine ( or ) is an imitation butter spread used for flavoring, baking, and cooking.", "Margarine __knowledge__ Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès created it in France in 1869 when responding to a challenge by Emperor Napoleon III to create a butter substitute from beef tallow for the armed forces and lower classes.", "Margarine __knowledge__ First named \"oleomargarine\" from Latin for \"oleum\" (beef fat) and Greek for \"margarite\" (pearl indicating luster), it was later named \"margarine\".", "Margarine __knowledge__ Whereas butter is made from the butterfat of milk, modern margarine is made mainly of refined vegetable oil and water, and may also contain milk.", "Margarine __knowledge__ In some places in the United States, it is colloquially referred to as \"oleo\", short for oleomargarine.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "Shock Value II __knowledge__ Shock Value II is the third studio album by American record producer Timbaland.", "Shock Value II __knowledge__ It serves as the second volume of the platinum-selling \"Shock Value\" which topped charts worldwide and received 16 platinum certifications.", "Shock Value II __knowledge__ Initially slated for a 2008 release, the project was pushed into 2009 and tentatively confirmed for November 23, 2009 through Blackground Records, however, it was pushed back once more and finally released on December 7, 2009 in the UK and December 8 in the US.", "Shock Value II __knowledge__ Timbaland spoke to MTV's Shaheem Reid back in July 2008 to confirm that he was working on the follow-up to his platinum-selling \"Shock Value\".", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Text messaging __knowledge__ Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of mobile phones, tablets, desktops/laptops, or other devices.", "Text messaging __knowledge__ Text messages may be sent over a cellular network, or may also be sent via an Internet connection.", "Text messaging __knowledge__ The term originally referred to messages sent using the Short Message Service (SMS).", "Text messaging __knowledge__ It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages (known as MMS) containing digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as ideograms known as emoji (happy faces, sad faces, and other icons).", "Timbaland __knowledge__ Timothy Zachery \"Tim\" Mosley (born March 10, 1972), known professionally as Timbaland, is an American record producer, rapper, singer, songwriter and DJ.", "Timbaland __knowledge__ Timbaland's first full credit production work was in 1996 on \"Ginuwine...the Bachelor\" for R&B singer Ginuwine.", "Timbaland __knowledge__ After further work on Aaliyah's 1996 album \"One in a Million\" and Missy Elliott's 1997 album \"Supa Dupa Fly\", Timbaland became a prominent producer for R&B and hip hop artists.", "Timbaland __knowledge__ As a rapper he initially released several albums with fellow rapper Magoo, followed by his debut solo album \"\" in 1998.", "Timbaland __knowledge__ In 2002, Timbaland produced the hit single \"Cry Me a River\" for Justin Timberlake, going on to produce most of Timberlake's subsequent LPs such as \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\" and \"The 20/20 Experience\" and their respective hit singles.", "Shock value __knowledge__ Shock value is the potential of an action (as a public execution), image, text, or other form of communication to provoke a reaction of sharp disgust, shock, anger, fear, or similar negative emotions.", "Shock value __knowledge__ The term off-color humor (also known as dirty jokes) is an Americanism used to describe jokes, prose, poems, black comedy, blue comedy and skits that deal with topics considered to be in poor taste or overly vulgar by the prevailing morality of a culture.", "Shock value __knowledge__ Most commonly labeled as \"off-color\" are acts concerned with a particular ethnic group or gender.", "Shock value __knowledge__ Other off-color topics include violence, particularly domestic abuse; excessive swearing or profanity; \"toilet humor\"; national superiority or inferiority; \"dead baby\" jokes; and other topics generally considered impolite or indecent.", "Shock Value (album) __knowledge__ Shock Value is the second solo album, and fifth album overall, by record producer and rapper Timbaland.", "Shock Value (album) __knowledge__ It is Timbaland's first release on his own imprint, the Interscope Records-distributed Mosley Music Group.", "Shock Value (album) __knowledge__ \"Shock Value\" features a long list of guest artists, among them Fall Out Boy, Justin Timberlake, The Hives, Keri Hilson, Nelly Furtado, Missy Elliott, 50 Cent, Tony Yayo, Dr. Dre, OneRepublic, Elton John, Magoo and Nicole Scherzinger.", "Shock Value (album) __knowledge__ \"Release\" is featured in the EA Sports game \"Madden NFL 08\" and \"The Way I Are\" is also on the soundtrack of \"NBA Live 08\".", "Shock Value (album) __knowledge__ On April 16, the unreleased song \"Laugh at 'Em\" was leaked to the Internet." ] ]

[ 5, 4, 0, 40, 7 ]

[ "I know plenty! I'm sorry it's hard for you. Does that have to do with where you live? Or maybe you're an \"ethical vegan\" and have people around you who don't buy into that philosophy? ", "I hear you. Texas girl myself, so yes MEAT and BBQ, etc. What made you choose veganism? Diet or ethics or both? ", "It's a fair point. And obviously that line depends on where in the world you live! Are you a member of PETA, the international animal rights organization?", "I have to agree. I would likely be more open to their messaging if it didn't so often go for the shock value. Their slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\" THAT I can agree with more than shock", "Ha! I know. That tends to be my response to extremism in every way shape and form. Do you find it easy to plan your diet? It can have so many health benefits and reduce risk of so many illnesses." ]

[ "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism" ]

[ "Potato", "Nice, So what's the botanical name called?", "Where are they mainly grown?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Potato __knowledge__ The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.", "Potato __knowledge__ \"Potato\" may be applied to both the plant and the edible tuber.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potato has become a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply.", "Potato __knowledge__ It is the world's fourth-largest food crop, following maize, wheat, and rice.", "Potato __knowledge__ The green leaves and green skins of tubers exposed to the light are toxic.", "Potato __knowledge__ In the Andes, where the species is indigenous, some other closely related species are cultivated.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish.", "Potato __knowledge__ Wild potato species can be found throughout the Americas from the United States to southern Chile.", "Potato __knowledge__ The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species proved a single origin for potatoes in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia (from a species in the \"Solanum brevicaule\" complex), where they were domesticated approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago.", "Potato __knowledge__ Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over a thousand different types of potatoes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Potato __knowledge__ The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.", "Potato __knowledge__ \"Potato\" may be applied to both the plant and the edible tuber.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potato has become a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply.", "Potato __knowledge__ It is the world's fourth-largest food crop, following maize, wheat, and rice.", "Potato __knowledge__ The green leaves and green skins of tubers exposed to the light are toxic.", "Potato __knowledge__ In the Andes, where the species is indigenous, some other closely related species are cultivated.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish.", "Potato __knowledge__ Wild potato species can be found throughout the Americas from the United States to southern Chile.", "Potato __knowledge__ The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species proved a single origin for potatoes in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia (from a species in the \"Solanum brevicaule\" complex), where they were domesticated approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago.", "Potato __knowledge__ Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over a thousand different types of potatoes.", "Botanical name __knowledge__ A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the \"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants\" (ICN) and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar or Group epithets must conform to the \"International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants\" (ICNCP).", "Botanical name __knowledge__ The code of nomenclature covers \"all organisms traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants, whether fossil or non-fossil, including blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), chytrids, oomycetes, slime moulds and photosynthetic protists with their taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups (but excluding Microsporidia).\"", "Flora of the Indian epic period __knowledge__ Flora of the Indian epic period can be a tool to study the antiquity of Indian epics as these do not record time scales of the incident mentioned in these.", "Flora of the Indian epic period __knowledge__ The flora of an area or of time period, refers to all plant life occurring in an area or time period, especially the naturally occurring or indigenous plant life.", "Flora of the Indian epic period __knowledge__ The ancient Sanskrit epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharata, also termed Itihāsa (History) or Mahākāvya (\"Great Compositions\"), refer to forest and plant life at various places.", "Flora of the Indian epic period __knowledge__ The language of these texts is the \"Epic Sanskrit\".", "Flora of the Indian epic period __knowledge__ The importance of forests in Indian epics can be understood from the fact that each epic devotes one book to the forests.", "Cultivar __knowledge__ The term cultivar most commonly refers to an assemblage of plants selected for desirable characters that are maintained during propagation.", "Cultivar __knowledge__ More generally, \"cultivar\" refers to the most basic classification category of cultivated plants in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP).", "Cultivar __knowledge__ Most cultivars arose in cultivation, but a few are special selections from the wild.", "Cultivar __knowledge__ Popular ornamental garden plants like roses, camellias, daffodils, rhododendrons, and azaleas are cultivars produced by careful breeding and selection for floral colour and form.", "Cultivar __knowledge__ Similarly, the world's agricultural food crops are almost exclusively cultivars that have been selected for characters such as improved yield, flavour, and resistance to disease, and very few wild plants are now used as food sources.", "Author citation (botany) __knowledge__ In botanical nomenclature, author citation refers to citing the person or group of people who validly published a botanical name, i.e.", "Author citation (botany) __knowledge__ who first published the name while fulfilling the formal requirements as specified by the \"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants\" (\"ICN\").", "Author citation (botany) __knowledge__ In cases where a species is no longer in its original generic placement (i.e.", "Author citation (botany) __knowledge__ a new combination of genus and specific epithet), both the author(s) of the original genus placement and those of the new combination are given (the former in parentheses).", "Author citation (botany) __knowledge__ In botany, it is customary (though not obligatory) to abbreviate author names according to a recognised list of standard abbreviations.", "Taxonomic rank __knowledge__ In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy.", "Taxonomic rank __knowledge__ Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain, etc.", "Taxonomic rank __knowledge__ A given rank subsumes under it less general categories, that is, more specific descriptions of life forms.", "Taxonomic rank __knowledge__ Above it, each rank is classified within more general categories of organisms and groups of organisms related to each other through inheritance of traits or features from common ancestors.", "Taxonomic rank __knowledge__ The rank of any \"species\" and the description of its \"genus\" is \"basic\"; which means that to identify a particular organism, it is usually not necessary to specify ranks other than these first two.", "Cultivar group __knowledge__ A Group (previously cultivar-group) is a formal category in the \"International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants\" (\"ICNCP\") used for cultivated plants that share a defined characteristic.", "Cultivar group __knowledge__ It is represented in a botanical name by the symbol Group or Gp.", "Cultivar group __knowledge__ \"Group\" or \"Gp\" is always written with a capital \"G\" in a botanical name, or \"epithet\".", "Cultivar group __knowledge__ The Group is not italicized in a plant's name.", "Cultivar group __knowledge__ The \"ICNCP\" introduced the term and symbol \"Group\" in 2004, as a replacement for the lengthy and hyphenated \"cultivar-group\", which had previously been the category's name since 1969.", "Cultivar group __knowledge__ For the old name \"cultivar-group\", the non-standard abbreviation cv.", "Botanical garden __knowledge__ A botanical garden or botanic garden is a garden dedicated to the collection, cultivation and display of a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names.", "Botanical garden __knowledge__ It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants.", "Botanical garden __knowledge__ Visitor services at a botanical garden might include tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment.", "Solanaceae __knowledge__ The Solanaceae, or nightshades, are an economically important family of flowering plants.", "Solanaceae __knowledge__ The family ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of important agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals.", "Solanaceae __knowledge__ Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many, including tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell/chili peppers, and tobacco are widely used.", "Solanaceae __knowledge__ The family belongs to the order Solanales, in the asterid group and class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons).", "Solanaceae __knowledge__ The Solanaceae consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The sweet potato (\"Ipomoea batatas\") is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The sweet potato is only distantly related to the potato (\"Solanum tuberosum\") and does not belong to the nightshade family, Solanaceae, but both families belong to the same taxonomic order, the Solanales.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The plant is a herbaceous perennial vine, bearing alternate heart-shaped or palmately lobed leaves and medium-sized sympetalous flowers.", "Colorado potato beetle __knowledge__ The Colorado potato beetle (\"Leptinotarsa decemlineata\"), also known as the Colorado beetle, the ten-striped spearman, the ten-lined potato beetle or the potato bug, is a major pest of potato crops.", "Colorado potato beetle __knowledge__ It is approximately long, with a bright yellow/orange body and five bold brown stripes along the length of each of its elytra.", "Colorado potato beetle __knowledge__ Native to America, it spread rapidly in potato crops across America and then Europe from 1859 onwards.", "Colorado potato beetle __knowledge__ The Colorado potato beetle was first observed in 1811 by Thomas Nuttall and was formally described in 1824 by the American entomologist Thomas Say.", "Colorado potato beetle __knowledge__ The beetles were collected in the Rocky Mountains where they were feeding on the buffalo bur, \"Solanum rostratum\".", "Solanum nigrum __knowledge__ Solanum nigrum (European black nightshade) is a species in the \"Solanum\" genus, native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas, Australasia, and South Africa.", "Solanum nigrum __knowledge__ It is also known as black nightshade.", "Solanum nigrum __knowledge__ Parts of this plant can be toxic to livestock and humans.", "Solanum nigrum __knowledge__ Nonetheless, ripe berries and cooked leaves of edible strains are used as food in some locales, and plant parts are used as a traditional medicine.", "Solanum nigrum __knowledge__ A tendency exists in literature to incorrectly refer to many of the other \"black nightshade\" species as \"\"Solanum nigrum\"\".", "Solanum nigrum __knowledge__ \"Solanum nigrum\" has been recorded from deposits of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic era of ancient Britain and it is suggested by the botanist and ecologist Edward Salisbury that it was part of the native flora there before Neolithic agriculture emerged.", "Solanine __knowledge__ Solanine is a glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade family within the genus \"Solanum\", such as the potato (\"Solanum tuberosum\"), the tomato (\"Solanum lycopersicum\"), and the eggplant (\"Solanum melongena\").", "Solanine __knowledge__ It can occur naturally in any part of the plant, including the leaves, fruit, and tubers.", "Solanine __knowledge__ Solanine has pesticidal properties, and it is one of the plant's natural defenses.", "Solanine __knowledge__ Solanine was first isolated in 1820 from the berries of the European black nightshade (\"Solanum nigrum\"), after which it was named.", "Solanine __knowledge__ It belongs to the chemical family of saponins.", "Solanine __knowledge__ Solanine poisoning is primarily displayed by gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.", "Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja __knowledge__ \"Solanum tuberosum\" Group Phureja is a cultivar-group of diploid potato plants originating from the Andean valleys in South America.", "Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja __knowledge__ The group differs from other potato cultivar-groups by the absence of dormant tubers.", "Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja __knowledge__ This means that the tuber immediately begins to grow once it is formed, without a resting period.", "Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja __knowledge__ This explains why the varieties of the group are to be planted in areas with a mild climate, where culture throughout the year is possible.", "Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja __knowledge__ By hybridization with \"Solanum tuberosum\" by the Scottish Crop Research Institute, varieties were obtained who are adapted to the European climate." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Potato __knowledge__ The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.", "Potato __knowledge__ \"Potato\" may be applied to both the plant and the edible tuber.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potato has become a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply.", "Potato __knowledge__ It is the world's fourth-largest food crop, following maize, wheat, and rice.", "Potato __knowledge__ The green leaves and green skins of tubers exposed to the light are toxic.", "Potato __knowledge__ In the Andes, where the species is indigenous, some other closely related species are cultivated.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish.", "Potato __knowledge__ Wild potato species can be found throughout the Americas from the United States to southern Chile.", "Potato __knowledge__ The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species proved a single origin for potatoes in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia (from a species in the \"Solanum brevicaule\" complex), where they were domesticated approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago.", "Potato __knowledge__ Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over a thousand different types of potatoes.", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corms, the root vegetables most commonly known as taro.", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ It is believed to be one of the earliest cultivated plants.", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ Linnaeus originally described two species which are now known as \"Colocasia esculenta\" and \"Colocasia antiquorum\" of the cultivated plants that are known by many names including eddoes, dasheen, taro and madumbi, but many later botanists consider them all to be members of a single, very variable species, the correct name for which is \"Colocasia esculenta\".", "Colocasia esculenta __knowledge__ Taro () commonly refers to the plant \"Colocasia esculenta\", the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the Araceae family which are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles.", "Economy of Jamaica __knowledge__ Jamaica has natural resources, primarily bauxite, and an ideal climate conducive to agriculture and also tourism.", "Economy of Jamaica __knowledge__ The discovery of bauxite in the 1940s and the subsequent establishment of the bauxite-alumina industry shifted Jamaica's economy from sugar and bananas.", "Economy of Jamaica __knowledge__ By the 1970s, Jamaica had emerged as a world leader in export of these minerals as foreign investment increased.", "Economy of Jamaica __knowledge__ Weakness in the financial sector, speculation, and lower levels of investment erode confidence in the productive sector.", "Economy of Jamaica __knowledge__ The government continues its efforts to raise new sovereign debt in local and international financial markets in order to meet its U.S. dollar debt obligations, to mop up liquidity to maintain the exchange rate and to help fund the current budget deficit.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.", "Paddy field __knowledge__ A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing semiaquatic rice.", "Paddy field __knowledge__ Paddy cultivation should not be confused with cultivation of deep water rice, which is grown in flooded conditions with water more than 50 cm (20 in) deep for at least a month.", "Paddy field __knowledge__ Genetic evidence shows that all forms of paddy rice, both \"indica\" and \"japonica\", spring from a domestication of the wild rice \"Oryza rufipogon\" that first occurred 8,200–13,500 years ago South of the Yangtze River in present-day China.", "Paddy field __knowledge__ However, the domesticated \"indica\" subspecies currently appears to be a product of the introgression of favorable alleles from \"japonica\" at a later date, so that there are possibly several events of cultivation and domestication.", "Vigna umbellata __knowledge__ Vigna umbellata (Thunb.)", "Vigna umbellata __knowledge__ Ohwi and Ohashi, previously \"Phaseolus calcaratus\", is a warm-season annual vine legume with yellow flowers and small edible beans.", "Vigna umbellata __knowledge__ It is commonly called ricebean or rice bean.", "Vigna umbellata __knowledge__ To date, it is little known, little researched and little exploited.", "Vigna umbellata __knowledge__ It is regarded as a minor food and fodder crop and is often grown as intercrop or mixed crop with maize (\"Zea mays\"), sorghum (\"Sorghum bicolor\") or cowpea (\"V. unguiculata\"), as well as a sole crop in the uplands, on a very limited area.", "Vigna umbellata __knowledge__ Like the other Asiatic \"Vigna\" species, ricebean is a fairly short-lived warm-season annual.", "Agriculture in the Russian Empire __knowledge__ Agriculture in the Russian Empire throughout the 19th-20th centuries represented a major world force yet it lagged behind other developed countries.", "Agriculture in the Russian Empire __knowledge__ Russia was amongst the largest exporters of agricultural produce, especially wheat, while the Free Economic Society made continuing efforts to improve farming techniques.", "Agriculture in the Russian Empire __knowledge__ The Russian peasant (male) was colloquially called krestyanin (), female form of this word is krestyanka (), plural - krestyane ().", "Agriculture in the Russian Empire __knowledge__ Some arrogate this meaning to word muzhik, moujik () (man), and this word was calqued into Western languages through translations of Russian literature of 19th century, that described Russian rural life of that times, and where really word \"muzhik\" were used in meaning of most common rural dweller - peasant, but that was only a narrow contextual meaning of the word.", "Agriculture in Madagascar __knowledge__ Agriculture employs the majority of Madagascar's population.", "Agriculture in Madagascar __knowledge__ Mainly involving smallholders, agriculture has seen different levels of state organisation, shifting from state control to a liberalized sector.", "Agriculture in Madagascar __knowledge__ Rice is the main produce and main export crop of Madagascar.", "Agriculture in Madagascar __knowledge__ It is mainly planted in a terraced paddy system in the central highlands.", "Agriculture in Madagascar __knowledge__ Other major subsistence crops include cassava, corn, and sweet potato, while coffee, cloves, vanilla and other cash crops are exported.", "Agriculture in Madagascar __knowledge__ Among livestock, zebu account for most of the cattle, while pigs, sheep and poultry are also raised.", "Agriculture in Madagascar __knowledge__ Fishing is popular, and aquaculture has grown in importance.", "History of the potato __knowledge__ The potato was first domesticated in the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia between 8000 and 5000 BC.", "History of the potato __knowledge__ It has since spread around the world and become a staple crop in many countries.", "History of the potato __knowledge__ Cultivation of potatoes in South America may go back 10,000 years, yet the tubers do not preserve well in archaeological record, and there are problems with exact identification of those that are found.", "History of the potato __knowledge__ The earliest archaeologically verified potato tuber remains have been found at the coastal site of Ancón (central Peru), dating to 2500 BC.", "History of the potato __knowledge__ Potatoes dating to about 2000 BC have been found at Huaynuma, in the Casma Valley of Peru, and early potatoes dating to 800-500 BC were also uncovered at the Altiplano site of Chiripa on the east side of Lake Titicaca.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The sweet potato (\"Ipomoea batatas\") is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The sweet potato is only distantly related to the potato (\"Solanum tuberosum\") and does not belong to the nightshade family, Solanaceae, but both families belong to the same taxonomic order, the Solanales.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The plant is a herbaceous perennial vine, bearing alternate heart-shaped or palmately lobed leaves and medium-sized sympetalous flowers.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava (manioc, \"Manihot esculenta\") is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version.", "Genetically modified food controversies __knowledge__ Genetically modified food controversies are disputes over the use of foods and other goods derived from genetically modified crops instead of conventional crops, and other uses of genetic engineering in food production.", "Genetically modified food controversies __knowledge__ The disputes involve consumers, farmers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations, and scientists.", "Genetically modified food controversies __knowledge__ The key areas of controversy related to genetically modified food (GM food or GMO food) are whether such food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the objectivity of scientific research and publication, the effect of genetically modified crops on health and the environment, the effect on pesticide resistance, the impact of such crops for farmers, and the role of the crops in feeding the world population.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4 ]

[ "Potatoes, which are starchy crops from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum, are my favorite comfort food! I like them cooked any style!", "I am not sure of the botanical name. I do know that potatoes are a staple all around the world and a major part of the food supply in the world. Do you enjoy potatoes?", "It is grown around the world and is the world's fourth largest crop only behind rice, wheat and maize. " ]

[ "Potato", "Potato", "Potato" ]

[ "Apartment\nI used to live in an apartment when I was a child. I didn't really like it because we had to be careful not to make a lot of noise.", "I know. It's so annoying, especially for a child. Plus, you have to make sure that you don't break anything or mess anything up.", "Yeah, I do too. It sounds cooler. I think apartments are good for those that are single, though.", "I've never heard of that term before. A lot of college students will get an apartment so they can be off-campus.", "Oh no. That is definitely offensive to someone living in one." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Apartment __knowledge__ An apartment (American English), flat (British English) or unit (Australian English) is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies only part of a building, generally on a single level.", "Apartment __knowledge__ Such a building may be called an \"apartment building\", \"apartment complex\", \"flat complex\", \"block of flats\", \"tower block\", \"high-rise\" or, occasionally, \"mansion block\" (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent.", "Apartment __knowledge__ In Scotland, it is called a block of flats or, if it is a traditional sandstone building, a \"tenement\", a term which has a pejorative connotation in the United States.", "Apartment __knowledge__ Apartments may be owned by an \"owner/occupier\", by leasehold tenure or rented by \"tenants\" (two types of housing tenure).", "Apartment __knowledge__ The term \"apartment\" is favored in North America (although in some cities \"flat\" is used for a unit which is part of a house containing two or three units, typically one to a floor).", "Apartment __knowledge__ In the UK, the term apartment is more usual in professional real estate and architectural circles where otherwise the term \"flat\" is used commonly, but not exclusively, for an apartment on a single level (hence a 'flat' apartment).", "Apartment __knowledge__ Technically multi-story apartments sometimes referred to as mid-rise apartments and even high-rise apartments when there are many stories.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ \"Third Watch\" is an American television drama series which first aired on NBC from 1999 to 2005, and followed the lives of an ensemble cast of characters portraying police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and firefighters and paramedics of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY).", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ Maurice Louis \"Bosco\" Boscorelli is a fictional NYPD police officer on the television series \"Third Watch\"; he was portrayed by Jason Wiles.", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ 'Bosco' was one of the few cast members to stay on the show for its entire six season run.", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ As an officer, Bosco tends to behave in the ‘cowboy’ stereotype, what with constantly ignoring \"boring\" calls in favor of wanting top jobs to play \"super cop\" on.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Rurouni Kenshin\" features a large cast of fictional characters created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ Set in Japan during the Meiji period, several of the characters are real historical figures who interact with the fictional characters.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The story follows a pacifist wanderer named Himura Kenshin, who was previously an assassin known as \"\"Hitokiri Battōsai\"\" working for the Isshin Shishi during the Bakumatsu period.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ After helping Kamiya Kaoru, the instructor of a kendo school in Tokyo, in defeating a criminal he is invited by her to stay at her dojo.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ During his stay in Tokyo, Kenshin befriends new people including Myōjin Yahiko, a young child descendant from a samurai family who starts training under Kaoru, Sagara Sanosuke, a former Sekihō who enjoys fighting, and Takani Megumi, a doctor involved with the illegal drug trade.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"Emotion\" (2015).", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ It was written by Jepsen, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Peter Svensson, Steve DaMar, and produced by Svensson.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single on 2 March 2015.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Hot 100.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty of the charts in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and Switzerland." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Apartment __knowledge__ An apartment (American English), flat (British English) or unit (Australian English) is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies only part of a building, generally on a single level.", "Apartment __knowledge__ Such a building may be called an \"apartment building\", \"apartment complex\", \"flat complex\", \"block of flats\", \"tower block\", \"high-rise\" or, occasionally, \"mansion block\" (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent.", "Apartment __knowledge__ In Scotland, it is called a block of flats or, if it is a traditional sandstone building, a \"tenement\", a term which has a pejorative connotation in the United States.", "Apartment __knowledge__ Apartments may be owned by an \"owner/occupier\", by leasehold tenure or rented by \"tenants\" (two types of housing tenure).", "Apartment __knowledge__ The term \"apartment\" is favored in North America (although in some cities \"flat\" is used for a unit which is part of a house containing two or three units, typically one to a floor).", "Apartment __knowledge__ In the UK, the term apartment is more usual in professional real estate and architectural circles where otherwise the term \"flat\" is used commonly, but not exclusively, for an apartment on a single level (hence a 'flat' apartment).", "Apartment __knowledge__ Technically multi-story apartments sometimes referred to as mid-rise apartments and even high-rise apartments when there are many stories.", "Song of Armouris __knowledge__ The Song of Armouris or Armoures () is a heroic Byzantine ballad, and probably one of the oldest surviving acritic songs, dating from the 11th century.", "Song of Armouris __knowledge__ Its plot is based on the Byzantine-Arab conflict (7th–12th centuries) and describes in political verse the efforts of a young Byzantine akrite warrior to rescue his father from captivity.", "Song of Armouris __knowledge__ The \"Song of Armouris\" is written in unrhymed fifteen-syllable political verse, and consists of 197 lines.", "Song of Armouris __knowledge__ There are two surviving manuscripts of the ballad, one in St. Petersburg dating to the 15th or 16th century, and one in the Topkapi Palace collection in Istanbul dated 1461.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Darren Osborne is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\".", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ He was introduced by executive producer Phil Redmond as part of the Osborne family, and played by Adam Booth, made his first on-screen appearance on 18 November 1996.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Booth left the role in 1997, but the character was recast in 1999 with current portrayer Ashley Taylor Dawson.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Dawson decided to leave \"Hollyoaks\" in 2000 to concentrate on his band, allSTARS*, but returned in 2003 and has since remained in the role.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ As of 2017 Dawson has been on the show for 18 years with a two-year break between 2001 and 2003.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the animated series \"Kim Possible\".", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kimberly Ann \"Kim\" Possible is a crime fighter and high school cheerleading captain who saves the world on a regular basis while dealing with the normal challenges of being a teenager, such as winning cheer competitions, turning in her homework on time, and maintaining a love life.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Her name is a play on the word \"impossible.\"", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kim has known Ron Stoppable, her sidekick for most missions, since preschool.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ She has also completed missions with Wade, Monique, her brothers, and even her mother.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ In season four, Kim and Ron end up developing romantic feelings for each other and begin dating during their senior year.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Winfield Township, New Jersey __knowledge__ Winfield Township (also called Winfield Park) is a township in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States.", "Winfield Township, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population decreased to 1,471, the lowest recorded in any decennial census, reflecting a decline of 43 (-2.8%) from the 1,514 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 62 (-3.9%) from the 1,576 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Winfield Township, New Jersey __knowledge__ Winfield and Linden share the same ZIP code.", "Winfield Township, New Jersey __knowledge__ Winfield Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on August 6, 1941, from portions of Clark and Linden, passing over the Governor's veto.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Apartment __knowledge__ An apartment (American English), flat (British English) or unit (Australian English) is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies only part of a building, generally on a single level.", "Apartment __knowledge__ Such a building may be called an \"apartment building\", \"apartment complex\", \"flat complex\", \"block of flats\", \"tower block\", \"high-rise\" or, occasionally, \"mansion block\" (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent.", "Apartment __knowledge__ In Scotland, it is called a block of flats or, if it is a traditional sandstone building, a \"tenement\", a term which has a pejorative connotation in the United States.", "Apartment __knowledge__ Apartments may be owned by an \"owner/occupier\", by leasehold tenure or rented by \"tenants\" (two types of housing tenure).", "Apartment __knowledge__ The term \"apartment\" is favored in North America (although in some cities \"flat\" is used for a unit which is part of a house containing two or three units, typically one to a floor).", "Apartment __knowledge__ In the UK, the term apartment is more usual in professional real estate and architectural circles where otherwise the term \"flat\" is used commonly, but not exclusively, for an apartment on a single level (hence a 'flat' apartment).", "Apartment __knowledge__ Technically multi-story apartments sometimes referred to as mid-rise apartments and even high-rise apartments when there are many stories.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Hiberno-English __knowledge__ Hiberno‐English (from Latin \"Hibernia\": \"Ireland\") or Irish English is the set of English dialects natively written and spoken within the island of Ireland (including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).", "Hiberno-English __knowledge__ English was brought to Ireland as a result of the Norman invasion of Ireland of the late 12th century.", "Hiberno-English __knowledge__ Initially, it was mainly spoken in an area known as the Pale around Dublin, with mostly Irish spoken throughout the rest of the country.", "Hiberno-English __knowledge__ By the Tudor period, Irish culture and language had regained most of the territory lost to the invaders: even in the Pale, \"all the common folk… for the most part are of Irish birth, Irish habit, and of Irish language\".", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"", "Cri-Zelda Brits __knowledge__ Cri-Zelda Brits ( ), also written Crizelda Brits and Cri-zelda Brits (born 20 November 1983) is a South African cricketer.", "Cri-Zelda Brits __knowledge__ A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, Brits was originally called up to the South Africa national women's cricket team as an opening bowler in 2002.", "Cri-Zelda Brits __knowledge__ She developed into an all-rounder, and since 2005 has established herself as a specialist batsman.", "Cri-Zelda Brits __knowledge__ She captained South Africa in 23 matches in 2007 and 2008, but was replaced as captain in 2009 in order to \"concentrate entirely on her own performance.\"", "Cri-Zelda Brits __knowledge__ She was reappointed as captain for the 2010 ICC Women's World Twenty20.", "Danie Brits __knowledge__ Danie Brits is a retired South African professional wrestler and former South African Heavyweight Champion, known for his work in many of South Africa's major promotions in the past and for his 1980s stint as \"The Masked Tornado\".", "Danie Brits __knowledge__ Danie Brits was an accomplished amateur wrestler and judoka before entering professional wrestling.", "Danie Brits __knowledge__ Prior to the 1990s, doing professional wrestling and amateur wrestling at the same time in South Africa was forbidden.", "Danie Brits __knowledge__ Due to his devotion to both sports and being one of the top amateur wrestling competitors in the country, Brits wrestled under a mask upon his professional wrestling debut in 1983, going by the names \"Tornado\" and \"The Masked Tornado\".", "Brits, North West __knowledge__ Brits is a large town situated in a fertile, citrus, vegetable and grain-producing area that is irrigated by the waters of the Hartbeespoort Dam in North West Province of South Africa.", "Brits, North West __knowledge__ It is close to the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, which includes Pretoria and it has the same dialling code as Pretoria.", "Brits, North West __knowledge__ In addition to being a centre for agriculture, the town is home to several heavy industries.", "Brits, North West __knowledge__ A factory of the Italian car manufacturer Alfa Romeo produced cars for the domestic market and export to Asia from 1974 to 1985.", "Brits, North West __knowledge__ The town also plays an important role in the South African mining industry: 94% of South Africa's platinum comes from the Rustenburg and Brits districts, which together produce more platinum than any other single area in the world.", "Schalk Brits __knowledge__ Schalk Brits (born in Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal) is a South African rugby union footballer.", "Schalk Brits __knowledge__ He married Colinda Wijnants on 29 January 2011 in Greyton, South Africa.", "Schalk Brits __knowledge__ Brits attended Stellenbosch University and stayed at the Wilgenhof residence while studying.", "Schalk Brits __knowledge__ Brits played for the Western Province from 2002 to 2004 and rejoined the Cape franchise in 2006–09.", "Schalk Brits __knowledge__ Brits played for the Stormers for 4 seasons making 51 appearances for them and managing to score 20 points.", "Schalk Brits __knowledge__ Brits made his debut for Saracens in the season opener against London Irish.", "Schalk Brits __knowledge__ Brits scored his first try for Saracens on 27 September 2009 against Gloucester, the result: 19–16 to Saracens.", "Downtown Cleveland __knowledge__ Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of the City of Cleveland and Northeast Ohio, United States.", "Downtown Cleveland __knowledge__ It is the economic and symbolic center of the Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area.", "Downtown Cleveland __knowledge__ Reinvestment in the area in the mid-1990s spurred a rebirth in Downtown, with the residential population growing from 7,261 in 1990 to 9,599 in 2000 and 11,693 in 2010.", "Downtown Cleveland __knowledge__ It had the largest population growth, by percentage, of any Cleveland neighborhood over that time.", "Downtown Cleveland __knowledge__ The neighborhood's population was estimated at 15,000 in September 2017 (of which slightly more than 800 were owner-occupied condominiums), with another 1,000 rental units becoming available by the end of 2017.", "Haplogroup I-M438 __knowledge__ Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2 (and until 2007 as I1b), is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of Haplogroup I-M170.", "Haplogroup I-M438 __knowledge__ Haplogroup I-M438 originated some time around 26,000–31,000 BCE and has two primary subclades: I-L460 and I-L1251.", "Haplogroup I-M438 __knowledge__ The haplogroup reaches its maximum frequency in the Dinaric Alps in Eastern Europe (especially in the Balkans), where the men are on record as being the tallest in the world, with a male average height of .", "Haplogroup I-M438 __knowledge__ Examples of basal I-M438* have been found in males from Crete and Sicily.", "Haplogroup I-M438 __knowledge__ Basal I2* (I-M438*) has been found in ancient remains from Frankthi cave, in the eastern Peloponnese region of Greece." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Apartment __knowledge__ An apartment (American English), flat (British English) or unit (Australian English) is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies only part of a building, generally on a single level.", "Apartment __knowledge__ Such a building may be called an \"apartment building\", \"apartment complex\", \"flat complex\", \"block of flats\", \"tower block\", \"high-rise\" or, occasionally, \"mansion block\" (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent.", "Apartment __knowledge__ In Scotland, it is called a block of flats or, if it is a traditional sandstone building, a \"tenement\", a term which has a pejorative connotation in the United States.", "Apartment __knowledge__ Apartments may be owned by an \"owner/occupier\", by leasehold tenure or rented by \"tenants\" (two types of housing tenure).", "Apartment __knowledge__ The term \"apartment\" is favored in North America (although in some cities \"flat\" is used for a unit which is part of a house containing two or three units, typically one to a floor).", "Apartment __knowledge__ In the UK, the term apartment is more usual in professional real estate and architectural circles where otherwise the term \"flat\" is used commonly, but not exclusively, for an apartment on a single level (hence a 'flat' apartment).", "Apartment __knowledge__ Technically multi-story apartments sometimes referred to as mid-rise apartments and even high-rise apartments when there are many stories.", "Ted Bundy __knowledge__ Theodore Robert Bundy (born Theodore Robert Cowell; November 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989) was an American serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, burglar, and necrophile who assaulted and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s and possibly earlier.", "Ted Bundy __knowledge__ Shortly before his execution and after more than a decade of denials, he confessed to 30 homicides that he committed in seven states between 1974 and 1978.", "Ted Bundy __knowledge__ The true victim count will forever be unknown and could be much higher than the number to which Bundy confessed.", "Ted Bundy __knowledge__ Many of Bundy's young female victims regarded him as handsome and charismatic, which were traits that he exploited to win their trust.", "Kent State shootings __knowledge__ The Kent State shootings (also known as the May 4 massacre or the Kent State massacre) were the shootings on May 4, 1970 of unarmed college students by members of the Ohio National Guard during a mass protest against the Vietnam War at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio.", "Kent State shootings __knowledge__ Twenty-eight guardsmen fired approximately 67 rounds over a period of 13 seconds, killing four students and wounding nine others, one of whom suffered permanent paralysis.", "Kent State shootings __knowledge__ Some of the students who were shot had been protesting the Cambodian Campaign, which President Richard Nixon announced during a television address on April 30.", "Campus sexual assault __knowledge__ Campus sexual assault is defined as the sexual assault of a student attending an institution of higher learning, such as a college or university.", "Campus sexual assault __knowledge__ Despite the name, fewer than 40% of reported incidents occur on campus property.", "Campus sexual assault __knowledge__ Sexual assault is any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient.", "Campus sexual assault __knowledge__ Falling under the definition of sexual assault are sexual activities as forced sexual intercourse, forcible sodomy, child molestation, incest, fondling, and attempted rape.", "Campus sexual assault __knowledge__ Sexual assault for higher education students occurs more frequently against women, but any gender can be victimized.", "Hookup culture __knowledge__ A hookup culture is one that accepts and encourages casual sexual encounters, including one-night stands and other related activity, which focus on physical pleasure without necessarily including emotional bonding or long-term commitment.", "Hookup culture __knowledge__ It is generally associated with Western late adolescent behavior and, in particular, American college culture.", "Hookup culture __knowledge__ The term hookup has an ambiguous definition because it can indicate kissing or any form of physical sexual activity between sexual partners.", "Hookup culture __knowledge__ The term has been widely used around the world in every generation, for many years.", "Hookup culture __knowledge__ It has also been called nonrelationship sex, or sex without dating.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ The University of Scranton’s 58-acre hillside campus is located in the heart of Scranton, a community of 75,000 within a greater metropolitan area of 750,000 people, located in northeast Pennsylvania.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ Founded in 1888 as St. Thomas College and elevated to university status in 1938, the University has grown and changed over time.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ Since 1984, the University has completed over 50 renovation projections.", "University of Scranton buildings and landmarks __knowledge__ Over the past decade alone, the University’s campus has undergone a dramatic transformation, as the school has invested more than $240 million towards campus improvements and construction, including the Loyola Science Center, the DeNaples Center, Pilarz and Montrone Halls, Condron Hall, Edward R. Leahy, Jr. Hall, and the Dionne Green.", "Transfer admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Transfer admissions in the United States refers to college students changing universities during their college years.", "Transfer admissions in the United States __knowledge__ While estimates of transfer activity vary considerably, the consensus view is that it is substantial and increasing, although media coverage of student transfers is generally less than coverage of the high school to college transition.", "Transfer admissions in the United States __knowledge__ A common transfer path is students moving from two-year community colleges to four-year institutions, although there is also considerable movement between four-year institutions.", "Transfer admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Reasons for transferring include unhappiness with campus life, cost, and course and degree selection.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for-profit colleges.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet, such as massive open online courses, competency-based education, sexual assault, cutbacks in state and local spending, rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loan debt According to the National Student Clearinghouse, US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades.", "Tenement __knowledge__ A tenement is a multi-occupancy building of any sort.", "Tenement __knowledge__ However in the United States it has come to mean a run-down apartment building, a slum.", "Tenement __knowledge__ In parts of England, especially Devon and Cornwall, it refers to an outshot, or additional projecting part at the back of a terraced house, normally with its own roof.", "Tenement __knowledge__ The term \"tenement\" originally referred to tenancy and therefore to any rented accommodation.", "Tenement __knowledge__ The New York State legislature defined it in the Tenement House Act of 1867 in terms of rental occupancy by multiple households, as In Scotland, it continues to be the most common word for a multiple-occupancy building, but elsewhere it is used as a pejorative in contrast to \"apartment building\" or \"block of flats\".", "List of terms used for Germans __knowledge__ There are many alternative terms for the people of Germany.", "List of terms used for Germans __knowledge__ In English the demonym is German.", "List of terms used for Germans __knowledge__ During the early Renaissance, \"German\" implied that the person spoke German as a native language.", "List of terms used for Germans __knowledge__ Until German unification, people living in what is now Germany were named for the region they lived in: examples are Bavarians and Brandenburgers.", "List of terms used for Germans __knowledge__ Some other terms are humorous or pejorative slang, and used mainly by people from other countries, although they can be used in a self-deprecating way by German people themselves.", "List of terms used for Germans __knowledge__ Other terms are serious or tongue-in-cheek attempts to coin words as alternatives to the ambiguous standard terms.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ A property tax known as \"rates\" has been levied in Hong Kong since 1845.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ The tax applies to all domestic and commercial properties unless exempted, and is based upon the rental value of the property, re-assessed each year.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Formerly part of the revenue went to the Urban Council and, from 1986, the Regional Council, but since 2000 the whole amount goes to the Hong Kong Government.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ The valuation process is the responsibility of the Commissioner of Rating and Valuation, to whom appeals or objections may be submitted.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Rates are paid quarterly in advance via the collection agency, Hongkong Post.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ The findings of various legal cases have clarified some aspects of rating law.", "Glasgow __knowledge__ Glasgow (; ; ) is the largest city in Scotland, and third-largest in the United Kingdom.", "Glasgow __knowledge__ Historically part of Lanarkshire, the city now forms the Glasgow City council area, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland; the local authority is Glasgow City Council.", "Glasgow __knowledge__ Glasgow is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.", "Glasgow __knowledge__ Inhabitants of the city are referred to as \"Glaswegians\" or \"Weegies\".", "Glasgow __knowledge__ It is the fourth most visited city in the UK.", "Glasgow __knowledge__ Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Britain.", "Glasgow __knowledge__ Expanding from the medieval bishopric and royal burgh, and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the fifteenth century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the eighteenth century.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ Gdańska Street is one of the main street of downtown Bydgoszcz, Poland.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ Initially, the street was a thoroughfare, but in the second half of the 19th century, it turned residential.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ It ran from the Brda river to Bydgoszcz northern part of town an has gradually become the city center of trade and entertainment.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ During the interwar period, Gdańska street was the third longest street in Bydgoszcz with a total length of 3.19 km.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ The street connects the Old Town with the northern areas of Bydgoszcz agglomeration.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ The southern part is the real \"spinal column\" of Bydgoszcz downtown and the most architecturally representative, while the northern part - from the Municipal Stadium to the northern boundaries of the city- is bordered by and the .", "Faggot (slang) __knowledge__ Faggot, often shortened to fag, is a pejorative term used chiefly in North America primarily to refer to a gay male.", "Faggot (slang) __knowledge__ Alongside its use to refer to gay men in particular, it may also be used as a pejorative term for a \"repellent male\" or to refer to women who are lesbian.", "Faggot (slang) __knowledge__ Its use has spread from the United States to varying extents elsewhere in the English-speaking world through mass culture, including film, music, and the Internet.", "Faggot (slang) __knowledge__ It may also be used as a generic insult, for example, \"idiot\", although more offensive in nature.", "Faggot (slang) __knowledge__ The American slang term is first recorded in 1914, the shortened form \"fag\" shortly after, in 1921." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Apartment __knowledge__ An apartment (American English), flat (British English) or unit (Australian English) is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies only part of a building, generally on a single level.", "Apartment __knowledge__ Such a building may be called an \"apartment building\", \"apartment complex\", \"flat complex\", \"block of flats\", \"tower block\", \"high-rise\" or, occasionally, \"mansion block\" (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent.", "Apartment __knowledge__ In Scotland, it is called a block of flats or, if it is a traditional sandstone building, a \"tenement\", a term which has a pejorative connotation in the United States.", "Apartment __knowledge__ Apartments may be owned by an \"owner/occupier\", by leasehold tenure or rented by \"tenants\" (two types of housing tenure).", "Apartment __knowledge__ The term \"apartment\" is favored in North America (although in some cities \"flat\" is used for a unit which is part of a house containing two or three units, typically one to a floor).", "Apartment __knowledge__ In the UK, the term apartment is more usual in professional real estate and architectural circles where otherwise the term \"flat\" is used commonly, but not exclusively, for an apartment on a single level (hence a 'flat' apartment).", "Apartment __knowledge__ Technically multi-story apartments sometimes referred to as mid-rise apartments and even high-rise apartments when there are many stories.", "Sausage Party __knowledge__ Sausage Party is a 2016 adult computer-animated comedy film directed by Greg Tiernan and Conrad Vernon and written by Kyle Hunter, Ariel Shaffir, Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg.", "Sausage Party __knowledge__ It features the voices of Rogen, Kristen Wiig, Jonah Hill, Bill Hader, Michael Cera, James Franco, Danny McBride, Craig Robinson, Paul Rudd, Nick Kroll, David Krumholtz, Edward Norton, and Salma Hayek.", "Sausage Party __knowledge__ The film, which is a spoof of Disney and Pixar films, follows a sausage named Frank who tries to discover the truth about his existence and goes on a journey with his friends to escape their fate while also facing his own arch-nemesis, a ruthless and murderous douche who intends to kill him and his friends.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ Javon Eugene Ringer (born February 2, 1987) is an American football running back who last played for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL).", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ He played college football for Michigan State University, and was drafted in the fifth round of the 2009 NFL draft.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ Ringer attended Chaminade-Julienne High School where he set school and state records.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ In college, he achieved many awards.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ In 2005, he earned honorable mention Freshman All-America status from \"The Sporting News\".", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ He was also named to \"The Sporting News\" Big Ten All-Freshman Team.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ In 2006, he earned the Biggie Munn Award, an award given to the team's most inspirational player.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ General Sir Hubert de la Poer Gough (12 August 1870 – 18 March 1963) was a senior officer in the British Army in the First World War.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ A favourite of the British Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, he experienced a meteoric rise through the ranks during the war and commanded the British Fifth Army from 1916 to 1918.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ The name of Gough probably derives from the Welsh word \"coch\", meaning \"red\".", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ Before leaving England Gough's ancestors were clerics and clerks in Wiltshire, and the family settled in Ireland in the early 17th century, not as planters but in clerical positions.", "Hubert Gough __knowledge__ By the nineteenth century they were an Anglo-Irish family of the landed gentry settled at Gurteen, County Waterford, Ireland.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Duel Monsters\", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ The manga series has spawned a franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as \"Duel Monsters\", where each player uses cards to \"duel\" each other in a mock battle of fantasy \"monsters\".", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ This forms the basis for the real life \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ Gdańska Street is one of the main street of downtown Bydgoszcz, Poland.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ Initially, the street was a thoroughfare, but in the second half of the 19th century, it turned residential.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ It ran from the Brda river to Bydgoszcz northern part of town an has gradually become the city center of trade and entertainment.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ During the interwar period, Gdańska street was the third longest street in Bydgoszcz with a total length of 3.19 km.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ The street connects the Old Town with the northern areas of Bydgoszcz agglomeration.", "Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ The southern part is the real \"spinal column\" of Bydgoszcz downtown and the most architecturally representative, while the northern part - from the Municipal Stadium to the northern boundaries of the city- is bordered by and the .", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ A property tax known as \"rates\" has been levied in Hong Kong since 1845.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ The tax applies to all domestic and commercial properties unless exempted, and is based upon the rental value of the property, re-assessed each year.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Formerly part of the revenue went to the Urban Council and, from 1986, the Regional Council, but since 2000 the whole amount goes to the Hong Kong Government.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ The valuation process is the responsibility of the Commissioner of Rating and Valuation, to whom appeals or objections may be submitted.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Rates are paid quarterly in advance via the collection agency, Hongkong Post.", "Rates in Hong Kong __knowledge__ The findings of various legal cases have clarified some aspects of rating law.", "Tenement __knowledge__ A tenement is a multi-occupancy building of any sort.", "Tenement __knowledge__ However in the United States it has come to mean a run-down apartment building, a slum.", "Tenement __knowledge__ In parts of England, especially Devon and Cornwall, it refers to an outshot, or additional projecting part at the back of a terraced house, normally with its own roof.", "Tenement __knowledge__ The term \"tenement\" originally referred to tenancy and therefore to any rented accommodation.", "Tenement __knowledge__ The New York State legislature defined it in the Tenement House Act of 1867 in terms of rental occupancy by multiple households, as In Scotland, it continues to be the most common word for a multiple-occupancy building, but elsewhere it is used as a pejorative in contrast to \"apartment building\" or \"block of flats\".", "Pomorska Street in Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ Pomorska Street is an important street in downtown Bydgoszcz.", "Pomorska Street in Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ Pomorska Street is roughly oriented south-north, starting from Gdańska Street up to the railway line to the north.", "Pomorska Street in Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ It crosses important thoroughfares, such as Śniadecki Street, Cieszkowski Street or Swiętojańska street.", "Pomorska Street in Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ Through history, the street had the following names: Current namesake of the street comes from the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.", "Pomorska Street in Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ The axis has since long been the path linking Bydgoszcz to Świecie, , hence its name on one of the first recorded maps from 1800, \"Der weg nach Schwetz\" (\"The road to Świecie\").", "Pomorska Street in Bydgoszcz __knowledge__ In fact, this path was an historical thoroughfare, existing before Gdańska Street, much like the way Dworcowa Street came to existence.", "109 Washington Street __knowledge__ 109 Washington Street is a five-story tenement on the Lower West Side of Manhattan in New York City, within the area once known as Little Syria.", "109 Washington Street __knowledge__ Due to demolitions connected to the construction of the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel and the World Trade Center, it stands as the last tenement on a portion of lower Washington Street that has been estimated by Kate Reggev to have contained around 50 tenements.", "109 Washington Street __knowledge__ After September 11, 2001, its proximity to the World Trade Center site made it the subject of some media attention, including a nationally syndicated radio story about the experiences of its residents on the day of the attack.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 3, 38, 62 ]

[ "Oh, I know. I just rented a condo at the beach, a sweet little self-contained unit in a building, all on one level. My son's first question was whether the neighbors would hear him fighting with his brother! LOL", "The Brits call apartments \"flats\". I like the sound of that much more! ", "I agree, if you are single and working, an apartment is great. Or, a \"tenement\" as they call it in Scotland. That's a pejorative term here in the States though! ", "Yes, tenement is sort of a strange term. In the United States it has come to mean a run-down building. Not good! ", "Yes, in the United States. But not in the UK. \"Tenement\" originally just referred to tenancy, in other words, any accommodation that is rented. So, not offensive in that sense. " ]

[ "Apartment", "Apartment", "Apartment", "Apartment", "Apartment" ]

[ "Cooking", "i love preparing food, what kind of food do you prepare without heat?", "what is Ceviche?", "How do you prepare Ceviche without heat" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Machine Robo Rescue __knowledge__ In the future, age is not a factor in determining whether an individual can perform a certain task, only special talent and training.", "Machine Robo Rescue __knowledge__ The Machine Robo Rescue (MRR) organization has been established so that robots and children can become partners and rescue people from danger.", "Machine Robo Rescue __knowledge__ Twelve children with various abilities have been selected and introduced as part of the Robo Rescue program.", "Machine Robo Rescue __knowledge__ Life as one of the children chosen as part of the MRR has just started for Taiyou Oozora.", "Machine Robo Rescue __knowledge__ Difficult training lies ahead for the MRR team in order for them to protect many people's lives.", "Machine Robo Rescue __knowledge__ The twelve children are divided into three teams according to their particular field of rescue.", "Homemaking __knowledge__ Homemaking is a mainly American term for the management of a home, otherwise known as housework, housekeeping, or household management.", "Homemaking __knowledge__ It is the act of overseeing the organizational, day-to-day operations of a house or estate, and the managing of other domestic concerns.", "Homemaking __knowledge__ A person in charge of the homemaking, who is not employed outside the home, is in the U.S. and Canada often called a homemaker, a term for a housewife or a househusband.", "Homemaking __knowledge__ The term \"homemaker\", however, may also refer to a social worker who manages a household during the incapacity of the housewife or househusband.", "Homemaking __knowledge__ Housework is not always a lifetime commitment; many, for economic or personal reasons, return to the workplace.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ A kitchen is a room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation in a dwelling or in a commercial establishment.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ In the West, a modern residential kitchen is typically equipped with a stove, a sink with hot and cold running water, a refrigerator, counters and kitchen cabinets arranged according to a modular design.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ Many households have a microwave oven, a dishwasher and other electric appliances.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ The main function of a kitchen is serving as a location for storing, cooking and preparing food (and doing related tasks such as dishwashing), but it may also be used for dining, entertaining and laundry.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The 2012–13 season was Futbol Club Barcelona's 113th in existence and the club's 82nd consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The season marked the managerial debut of Tito Vilanova, who served as Pep Guardiola's longtime assistant.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Vilanova assumed management of the club after Guardiola, who had managed Barcelona for the prior four seasons, declined to renew his contract.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ On 29 May, Barcelona announced their first pre-season match to be against Hamburger SV in occasion of the German outfit's 125th anniversary celebration.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ It will be Tito Vilanova's first match in charge of the first team.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The 2011–12 season was Futbol Club Barcelona's 112th in existence and the club's 81st consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Barcelona debuted their new and first paid shirt sponsor Qatar Foundation after an agreement was reached in 2010 with the non-profit organization for a five-and-a-half-year, €170 million deal.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The agreement with UNICEF continued and their name had been moved to the lower back portion of the shirt.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ This season also introduced a new away kit in black while the third kit was retained from last season.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Barcelona was unsuccessful in defending two major trophies.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ A barbecue grill is a device that cooks food by applying heat from below.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ There are several varieties of grills, with most falling into one of two categories: gas-fueled or charcoal.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ There is debate over which method yields superior results.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ Grilling has existed in the Americas since pre-Colonial times.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ The Arawak people of South America roasted meat on a wooden structure called a barbacoa in Spanish.", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ For centuries, the term \"barbacoa\" referred to the wooden structure and not the act of grilling, but it was eventually modified to \"barbecue.\"", "Barbecue grill __knowledge__ It was also applied to the pit-style cooking techniques now frequently used in the Southeastern United States.", "Outdoor cooking __knowledge__ Outdoor cooking differs substantially from kitchen-based cooking, the most obvious difference being lack of an easily defined kitchen area.", "Outdoor cooking __knowledge__ As a result, campers and backpackers have developed a significant body of techniques and specialized equipment for preparing food in outdoors environments.", "Outdoor cooking __knowledge__ Such techniques have traditionally been associated with nomadic cultures such as the Berbers of North Africa, the Arab Beduins, the Plains Indians and pioneers of North America, and have been carried down to and refined in modern times for use during recreational outdoors pursuits.", "Outdoor cooking __knowledge__ Currently, much of the work of maintaining and developing outdoor cooking traditions in Westernized countries is done by the Scouting movement and by wilderness educators such as the National Outdoor Leadership School and Outward Bound, as well as by writers and cooks closely associated with the outdoors community.", "Solar cooker __knowledge__ A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or pasteurise drink.", "Solar cooker __knowledge__ Many solar cookers currently in use are relatively inexpensive, low-tech devices, although some are as powerful or as expensive as traditional stoves, and advanced, large-scale solar cookers can cook for hundreds of people.", "Solar cooker __knowledge__ Because they use no fuel and cost nothing to operate, many nonprofit organizations are promoting their use worldwide in order to help reduce fuel costs (especially where monetary reciprocity is low) and air pollution, and to slow down the deforestation and desertification caused by gathering firewood for cooking." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Ceviche () is a seafood dish popular in the coastal regions of Latin America and the Caribbean.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Though the origin of ceviche is hotly debated, the dish is most closely associated with Peru.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ It is typically made from fresh raw fish cured in citrus juices, such as lemon or lime, and spiced with \"ají\" or chili peppers.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Additional seasonings, such as chopped onions, salt, and cilantro, may also be added.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Ceviche is usually accompanied by side dishes that complement its flavors, such as sweet potato, lettuce, corn, avocado or plantain.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ As the dish is not cooked with heat, it must be prepared and consumed fresh to minimize the risk of food poisoning.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ Peruvian ceviche is a traditional dish widely eaten in Peru.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ The method of preparing it is different to that of ceviche in other places, using lemon, fish, potatoes and other foods.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ In Peru, ceviche has been declared to be part of Peru's \"national heritage\" and has had a holiday declared in its honor.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ The classic Peruvian ceviche is composed of chunks of raw fish, marinated in freshly squeezed key lime or bitter orange (\"naranja agria\") juice, with sliced onions, chili peppers, salt and pepper.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ Corvina or cebo (sea bass) was the fish traditionally used.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ The mixture was traditionally marinated for several hours and served at room temperature, with chunks of corn-on-the-cob, and slices of cooked sweet potato.", "Peruvian cuisine __knowledge__ Peruvian cuisine reflects local practices and ingredients—including influences from the indigenous population including the Inca and cuisines brought in with immigrants from Europe (Spanish cuisine, Italian cuisine, German cuisine), Asia (Chinese cuisine and Japanese cuisine) and West Africa.", "Peruvian cuisine __knowledge__ Without the familiar ingredients from their home countries, immigrants modified their traditional cuisines by using ingredients available in Peru.", "Peruvian cuisine __knowledge__ The four traditional staples of Peruvian cuisine are corn, potatoes and other tubers, Amaranthaceaes (quinoa, kañiwa and kiwicha) and legumes (beans and lupins).", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ Mithatpaşa Avenue is one of the important streets and business centers of Ankara, Turkey.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ It is named after Mithat Pasha who is known as one of the proponents of Ottoman Empire constitution in the second half of the 19th century.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ Mithatpaşa Avenue runs about in southwest to northwest direction.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ Kocatepe Mosque is at the south east end and Sıhhiye Square is at the northwest end.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ The street is a gentle ramp where the southeast end is about higher than the other end.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ Two other busy streets intersect with Mithatpaşa Avenue; Ziyagökalp Boulevard and Meşrutiyet Avenue.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ During the early years of the Republic, Ankara was a small city.", "Huanchaco __knowledge__ Huanchaco is a popular vacation beach town in the city of Trujillo, Peru.", "Huanchaco __knowledge__ Huanchaco is known for its surf breaks, its caballitos de totora and its ceviche, and is near the ancient ruins of Chan Chan.", "Huanchaco __knowledge__ Huanchaco was approved as a World Surfing Reserve by the organization \"Save The Waves Coalition\" in 2012 This historic town is part of the tourist circuit called the \"Moche Route\" or \"Ruta Moche\".", "Huanchaco __knowledge__ Today despite modern developments, it still retains its old charm.", "Huanchaco __knowledge__ Huanchaco's original population were indigenous fishermen, who worshipped the moon and a golden fish called Huaca Taska.", "Huanchaco __knowledge__ Some accounts suggest the name \"Huanchaco\" originate from \"Gua-Kocha, a Quechua word meaning \"beautiful lake\".", "Tiradito __knowledge__ Tiradito is a Peruvian dish of raw fish, cut in the shape of sashimi, and of aspect similar to crudo, and carpaccio, in a spicy sauce.", "Tiradito __knowledge__ It reflects the influence of Japanese immigrants on Peruvian cookery.", "Tiradito __knowledge__ Tiradito differs from ceviche in two ways: tiradito is sliced, while ceviche is cubed; and tiradito is sauced immediately before service, hence raw, while ceviche is marinated beforehand, hence \"cooked\".", "Tiradito __knowledge__ Some authors also state that tiradito does not contain onions, but this is not universal.", "Tiradito __knowledge__ Common garnishes include sweet potato and boiled corn.", "Tiradito __knowledge__ Stylized variants may include such ingredients as scallops, and a small amount of searing.", "Conch __knowledge__ Conch () is a common name that is applied to a number of different medium to large-sized shells.", "Conch __knowledge__ The term generally applies to large snails whose shell has a high spire and a noticeable siphonal canal (in other words, the shell comes to a noticeable point at both ends).", "Conch __knowledge__ In North America, a conch is often identified as a queen conch, found off the coast of Florida.", "Conch __knowledge__ Queen conchs are valued for fish bait, and are also known as seafood.", "Conch __knowledge__ The group of conchs that are sometimes referred to as \"true conchs\" are marine gastropod molluscs in the family Strombidae, specifically in the genus Strombus and other closely related genera.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ \"\" is a manga series written by Yūto Tsukuda and illustrated by Shun Saeki, serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ 27 tankōbon volumes have been released.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ An anime adaptation has aired 49 episodes over 3 seasons.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ The story follows protagonist and title character Sōma Yukihira as he transfers to the elite Tōtsuki Culinary Academy, an extremely competitive atmosphere, where only the top 1% of students graduate in.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Under the motto \"Cooking is Everything\", students are judged on their cooking for admission to the academy and in many classes, tournaments and events.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Competition may lead to a Shokugeki, a cooking match held in an indoor stadium, where students stake their pride and futures as chefs.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Wok __knowledge__ A wok (from Cantonese ) is a versatile round-bottomed cooking vessel, originating from China.", "Wok __knowledge__ The use of the wok is very prevalent in South China (particularly Guangdong Province).", "Wok __knowledge__ It is one of the most common cooking utensils in China and also found in parts of East, South and Southeast Asia, as well as becoming a popular niche cookware in all the world.", "Wok __knowledge__ Woks are used in a range of different Chinese cooking techniques, including stir frying, steaming, pan frying, deep frying, poaching, boiling, braising, searing, stewing, making soup, smoking and roasting nuts.", "Wok __knowledge__ Wok cooking is done with long-handled utensils called \"chahn\" (spatula) or \"hoak\" (ladle).", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure cooking is the process of cooking food, using water or other cooking liquid, in a sealed vessel known as a \"pressure cooker\".", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure is created by boiling a liquid, such as water or broth, inside the closed pressure cooker.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ The trapped steam increases the internal pressure and allows the temperature to rise.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ After use, the pressure is slowly released so that the vessel can be opened safely.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure cooking can be used for quick simulation of the effects of long braising.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Almost any food which can be cooked in steam or water-based liquids can be cooked in a pressure cooker.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ In 1679, French physicist Denis Papin, better known for his studies on steam, invented the \"steam digester\" in an attempt to reduce the cooking time of food.", "Microwave oven __knowledge__ A microwave oven (also commonly referred to as a microwave) is a kitchen appliance that heats and cooks food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range.", "Microwave oven __knowledge__ This induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and produce thermal energy in a process known as dielectric heating.", "Microwave oven __knowledge__ Microwave ovens heat foods quickly and efficiently because excitation is fairly uniform in the outer of a homogeneous, high water content food item; food is more evenly heated throughout than generally occurs in other cooking techniques.", "Microwave oven __knowledge__ The development of the cavity magnetron in the UK made possible the production of electromagnetic waves of a small enough wavelength (microwaves)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Ceviche () is a seafood dish popular in the coastal regions of Latin America and the Caribbean.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Though the origin of ceviche is hotly debated, the dish is most closely associated with Peru.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ It is typically made from fresh raw fish cured in citrus juices, such as lemon or lime, and spiced with \"ají\" or chili peppers.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Additional seasonings, such as chopped onions, salt, and cilantro, may also be added.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ Ceviche is usually accompanied by side dishes that complement its flavors, such as sweet potato, lettuce, corn, avocado or plantain.", "Ceviche __knowledge__ As the dish is not cooked with heat, it must be prepared and consumed fresh to minimize the risk of food poisoning.", "Thomas Wynne __knowledge__ Dr. Thomas Wynne (July 20, 1627 – Jan 16, 1692) was personal physician of William Penn and one of the original settlers of Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania.", "Thomas Wynne __knowledge__ Born in Ysceifiog, Wales, where his family dated back seventeen generations to Owain Gwynedd He accompanied Penn on his original journey to America on the ship \"Welcome\".", "Thomas Wynne __knowledge__ According to church records, Thomas Wynne was the fourth of five sons of Thomas Wynne Sr., Thomas Wynne lost his father at the age of 11.", "Thomas Wynne __knowledge__ While attracted to the study of medicine early on, heavy taxes levied on his family originally made the acquisition of proper learning materials difficult.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ Peruvian ceviche is a traditional dish widely eaten in Peru.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ The method of preparing it is different to that of ceviche in other places, using lemon, fish, potatoes and other foods.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ In Peru, ceviche has been declared to be part of Peru's \"national heritage\" and has had a holiday declared in its honor.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ The classic Peruvian ceviche is composed of chunks of raw fish, marinated in freshly squeezed key lime or bitter orange (\"naranja agria\") juice, with sliced onions, chili peppers, salt and pepper.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ Corvina or cebo (sea bass) was the fish traditionally used.", "Peruvian ceviche __knowledge__ The mixture was traditionally marinated for several hours and served at room temperature, with chunks of corn-on-the-cob, and slices of cooked sweet potato.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The 2012–13 season was Futbol Club Barcelona's 113th in existence and the club's 82nd consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The season marked the managerial debut of Tito Vilanova, who served as Pep Guardiola's longtime assistant.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Vilanova assumed management of the club after Guardiola, who had managed Barcelona for the prior four seasons, declined to renew his contract.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ On 29 May, Barcelona announced their first pre-season match to be against Hamburger SV in occasion of the German outfit's 125th anniversary celebration.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ It will be Tito Vilanova's first match in charge of the first team.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The 2011–12 season was Futbol Club Barcelona's 112th in existence and the club's 81st consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Barcelona debuted their new and first paid shirt sponsor Qatar Foundation after an agreement was reached in 2010 with the non-profit organization for a five-and-a-half-year, €170 million deal.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The agreement with UNICEF continued and their name had been moved to the lower back portion of the shirt.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ This season also introduced a new away kit in black while the third kit was retained from last season.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Barcelona was unsuccessful in defending two major trophies.", "Peruvian cuisine __knowledge__ Peruvian cuisine reflects local practices and ingredients—including influences from the indigenous population including the Inca and cuisines brought in with immigrants from Europe (Spanish cuisine, Italian cuisine, German cuisine), Asia (Chinese cuisine and Japanese cuisine) and West Africa.", "Peruvian cuisine __knowledge__ Without the familiar ingredients from their home countries, immigrants modified their traditional cuisines by using ingredients available in Peru.", "Peruvian cuisine __knowledge__ The four traditional staples of Peruvian cuisine are corn, potatoes and other tubers, Amaranthaceaes (quinoa, kañiwa and kiwicha) and legumes (beans and lupins).", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ Mithatpaşa Avenue is one of the important streets and business centers of Ankara, Turkey.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ It is named after Mithat Pasha who is known as one of the proponents of Ottoman Empire constitution in the second half of the 19th century.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ Mithatpaşa Avenue runs about in southwest to northwest direction.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ Kocatepe Mosque is at the south east end and Sıhhiye Square is at the northwest end.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ The street is a gentle ramp where the southeast end is about higher than the other end.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ Two other busy streets intersect with Mithatpaşa Avenue; Ziyagökalp Boulevard and Meşrutiyet Avenue.", "Mithatpaşa Avenue __knowledge__ During the early years of the Republic, Ankara was a small city.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ Latin American culture is the formal or informal expression of the people of Latin America, and includes both high culture (literature, high art) and popular culture (music, folk art and dance) as well as religion and other customary practices.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ Latin America also has many races.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ Definitions of Latin America vary.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ From a cultural perspective,* Latin America generally includes those parts of the Americas where Spanish, French or Portuguese prevail: Mexico, most of Central America, and South America.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ There is also an important Latin American cultural presence in the United States (e.g.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ California and the Southwest, and cities such as New York city and Miami).", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe." ] ]

[ 1, 9, 10, 12 ]

[ "Cooking is the art of preparing food with or without the use of heat.", "Well I believe those would not involve cooking techniques like boiling water, they could involve citrus cooking like one does with Ceviche.", "Ceviche is a seafood dish popular is coastal regions of LAtin America and the Caribbean.", "The seafood cures in citrus juices, such as lemon or lime." ]

[ "Cooking", "Cooking", "Cooking", "Cooking" ]

[ "Toyota\nI really like Toyota cars but dont know too much about them, Do you drive one?", "Yes that is another reason why I really love them, Do you happen to know when Toyota was founded? ", "Wow I had no idea it was that old, Any other cool facts about Toyota I should know? ", "thats impressive, is Toyota a japanese company? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide .", "Toyota __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Daihatsu.", "Toyota __knowledge__ It also holds a 16.66% stake in Subaru Corporation, a 5.9% stake in Isuzu, as well as joint-ventures with two in China (GAC Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor), one in India (Toyota Kirloskar), one in the Czech Republic (TPCA), along with several \"nonautomotive\" companies.", "Toyota __knowledge__ TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in Japan.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi.", "Toyota TS030 Hybrid __knowledge__ The Toyota TS030 Hybrid was a Le Mans Prototype 1 (LMP1) sports car built by Toyota Motorsport GmbH and used by the manufacturer in the FIA World Endurance Championship in 2012 and 2013.", "Toyota TS030 Hybrid __knowledge__ It was Toyota's first all new prototype since the GT-One last competed in 1999, and was the first petrol-hybrid engine car to participate in the World Endurance Championship.", "Toyota TS030 Hybrid __knowledge__ Work on designing the car began in late 2010 when early chassis designs were presented to Toyota Motorsport.", "Toyota TS030 Hybrid __knowledge__ The project was stopped briefly after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, but the car's building was approved six months later.", "Toyota Mark II __knowledge__ The Toyota Mark II was a mid-size sedan manufactured and marketed in Japan by Toyota between 1968 and 2004.", "Toyota Mark II __knowledge__ Prior to 1984, the model was marketed as the Toyota Corona Mark II.", "Toyota Mark II __knowledge__ In some export markets, Toyota marketed the vehicle as the Toyota Cressida between 1976 and 1992 across four generations.", "Toyota Mark II __knowledge__ Toyota replaced the Cressida in North America with the Toyota Avalon.", "Toyota Mark II __knowledge__ Every Mark II and Cressida was manufactured at the Motomachi plant at Toyota, Aichi.", "Toyota Mark II __knowledge__ The nameplate Cressida derives from the Trojan character.", "Toyota Mark II __knowledge__ The first series, called the Toyota Corona Mark II was an all new vehicle at its introduction in 1968, that sought to offer a car that was just under Japanese government regulations concerning maximum vehicle dimensions and engine displacement, thus allowing the Crown to grow larger and more luxurious.", "2014 24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ The 82nd 24 Hours of Le Mans () was an automobile endurance racing event held from 11 to 15 June 2014 at the Circuit de la Sarthe at Le Mans, France.", "2014 24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ It was the 82nd running of the event, as organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) since 1923.", "2014 24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ The race was the third round and the premier event of the 2014 FIA World Endurance Championship, with half of the race's fifty-five entries contesting the championship.", "2014 24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ Approximately 263,000 spectators attended the event, the largest crowd since 1989.", "2014 24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ The race was won by the No.", "2014 24 Hours of Le Mans __knowledge__ 2 Audi driven by Swiss Marcel Fässler, German André Lotterer, and Frenchman Benoît Tréluyer, who previously won Le Mans as a trio in 2011 and 2012.", "2016 6 Hours of Nürburgring __knowledge__ The 2016 6 Hours of Nürburgring (formally the WEC 6 Hours of Nürburgring) was an endurance sports car racing event held at the Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany on 24 July 2016.", "2016 6 Hours of Nürburgring __knowledge__ The Nürburgring round served as the fourth race of the 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship, and was the second running of the event as part of the championship.", "2016 6 Hours of Nürburgring __knowledge__ 58,000 people attended the race.", "2016 6 Hours of Nürburgring __knowledge__ The No.", "2016 6 Hours of Nürburgring __knowledge__ 7 Audi of André Lotterer and Marcel Fässler won the pole position by posing the fastest lap in qualifying and Fässler maintained its advantage throughout the race's early phase withstanding pressure from Timo Bernhard's No.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The automotive industry in New Zealand supplies a market which has always had one of the world's highest car ownership ratios.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The distributors of new cars are essentially the former owners of the assembly businesses.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ At the dealership level they have maintained their old retail chains in spite of the establishment of the many new independent businesses built since the 1980s by specialists in used imports from Japan.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ Toyota entered into direct competition with those used-import businesses refurbishing old Toyotas from Japan and selling them through their own dealers as a special line.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The nation's car fleet is accordingly somewhat older than in most developed countries.", "Sudden unintended acceleration __knowledge__ Sudden unintended acceleration (SUA) is the unintended, unexpected, uncontrolled acceleration of a vehicle, often accompanied by an apparent loss of braking effectiveness.", "Sudden unintended acceleration __knowledge__ Such problems may be caused by driver error (e.g., pedal misapplication), mechanical or electrical problems, or some combination of these factors.", "Sudden unintended acceleration __knowledge__ In the 1980s, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported a narrow definition of sudden acceleration only from near standstill in their 1989 \"Sudden Acceleration Report\": \"Sudden acceleration incidents\" (SAI) are defined for the purpose of this report as unintended, unexpected, high-power accelerations from a stationary position or a very low initial speed accompanied by an apparent loss of braking effectiveness." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide .", "Toyota __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Daihatsu.", "Toyota __knowledge__ It also holds a 16.66% stake in Subaru Corporation, a 5.9% stake in Isuzu, as well as joint-ventures with two in China (GAC Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor), one in India (Toyota Kirloskar), one in the Czech Republic (TPCA), along with several \"nonautomotive\" companies.", "Toyota __knowledge__ TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in Japan.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Rachel McKenna is a fictional character from the New Zealand soap opera \"Shortland Street\", played by Angela Bloomfield and who made her first appearance in early 1993.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Bloomfield left the role in 1999, before returning in 2001 and departing in 2003.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ She returned in a guest role in 2007 and again in a full-time role in 2009 before departing once again in 2016.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Arriving as part of the McKenna family unit, Rachel debuted in early 1993 alongside her mother Alex (Liddy Holloway), the estranged wife of hospital CEO Michael McKenna (Paul Gittins).", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ The family were later joined by Rachel's homosexual brother Jonathon (Kieren Hutchison).", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Tanja von Lahnstein (née Wittkamp, formerly von Anstetten, Rai and von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by actress Miriam Lahnstein.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on-screen on 21 June 1995 and left after three years in May 1998.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein returned to the role in 2001, where she was seen from 24 April to 5 October.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She came back another three years later and reappeared on 16 April 2004.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein left the show for a short time, while being on contract, from June 2005 to March 2006 and from March to December 2007 during the pregnancy of her two children.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Three separate but related recalls of automobiles by Toyota Motor Corporation occurred at the end of 2009 and start of 2010.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Toyota initiated the recalls, the first two with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), after reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The first recall, on November 2, 2009, was to correct a possible incursion of an incorrect or out-of-place front driver's side floor mat into the foot pedal well, which can cause pedal entrapment.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The second recall, on January 21, 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mat incursion.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in the United States is actively supported by the American federal government, and several state and local governments.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ , cumulative sales in the U.S. totaled 764,666 highway legal plug-in electric vehicles since the market launch of the Tesla Roadster in 2008, , the American stock represented 28.1% of the global light-duty plug-in stock, and the U.S. had the world's third largest stock of plug-in passenger cars after China and Europe.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. market share of plug-in electric passenger cars increased from 0.14% in 2011 to 0.62% in 2013.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The plug-in segment reached a market share of 0.75% in 2014 and fell to 0.66% in 2015.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from an external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and the electricity stored in the rechargeable battery packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ PEV is a subset of electric vehicles that includes all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ In China, plug-in electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs).", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ Plug-in cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ Government incentives for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been established by several national and local governments around the world as a financial incentives to plug-in electric vehicle vehicles to consumers.", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ These mainly include tax exemptions and tax credits, and additional perks that range from access to bus lines to waivers on fees (charging, parking, tolls, etc.).", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ The amount of these incentives usually depend on battery size and the vehicle all-electric range, and some countries extend the benefits to fuel cell vehicles, and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Plug-in hybrid __knowledge__ A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle that can be recharged by plugging it in to an external source of electric power as well by its on-board engine and generator.", "Plug-in hybrid __knowledge__ Most PHEVs are passenger cars but there are also PHEV versions of commercial vehicles and vans, utility trucks, buses, trains, motorcycles, scooters, and military vehicles.", "Plug-in hybrid __knowledge__ Similarly to all-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids displace emissions from the car tailpipe to the generators powering the grid.", "Plug-in hybrid __knowledge__ These sources may be renewable or may have lower emission than an internal combustion engine.", "Plug-in hybrid __knowledge__ Charging the battery from the grid can be lower cost than using the on-board engine, helping to reduce operating cost.", "History of plug-in hybrids __knowledge__ The history of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) spans a little more than a century, but most of the significant commercial developments have taken place after 2002.", "History of plug-in hybrids __knowledge__ The revival of interest in this automotive technology together with all-electric cars is due to advances in battery and power management technologies, and concerns about increasingly volatile oil prices and supply disruption, and also the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.", "History of plug-in hybrids __knowledge__ Between 2003 and 2010 most PHEVs on the roads were conversions of production hybrid electric vehicles, and the most prominent PHEVs were aftermarket conversions of 2004 or later Toyota Prius, which have had plug-in charging and more lead-acid batteries added and their electric-only range extended.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid vehicle uses two or more distinct types of power, such as internal combustion engine to drive an electric generator that powers an electric motor, e.g.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ in diesel-electric trains using diesel engines to drive an electric generator that powers an electric motor, and submarines that use diesels when surfaced and batteries when submerged.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ Power sources for hybrid vehicles include: Mopeds, electric bicycles, and even electric kick scooters are a simple form of a hybrid, powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor and the rider's muscles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide .", "Toyota __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Daihatsu.", "Toyota __knowledge__ It also holds a 16.66% stake in Subaru Corporation, a 5.9% stake in Isuzu, as well as joint-ventures with two in China (GAC Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor), one in India (Toyota Kirloskar), one in the Czech Republic (TPCA), along with several \"nonautomotive\" companies.", "Toyota __knowledge__ TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in Japan.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Three separate but related recalls of automobiles by Toyota Motor Corporation occurred at the end of 2009 and start of 2010.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Toyota initiated the recalls, the first two with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), after reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The first recall, on November 2, 2009, was to correct a possible incursion of an incorrect or out-of-place front driver's side floor mat into the foot pedal well, which can cause pedal entrapment.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The second recall, on January 21, 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mat incursion.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Toyota Racing __knowledge__ Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by Japanese car manufacturer Toyota and based in Cologne, Germany.", "Toyota Racing __knowledge__ Toyota announced their plans to participate in F1 in 1999, and after extensive testing with their initial car, dubbed the TF101, the team made their debut in 2002.", "Toyota Racing __knowledge__ The new team grew from Toyota's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation, which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.", "Toyota Racing __knowledge__ Despite a point in their first-ever race, Panasonic Toyota Racing never won a Grand Prix, their best finish being 2nd position, which they achieved five times – in 2005, 2008 and 2009.", "History of Toyota __knowledge__ The history of Toyota started in 1933 with the company being a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of cars under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda.", "History of Toyota __knowledge__ Kiichiro Toyoda had traveled to Europe and the United States in 1929 to investigate automobile production and had begun researching gasoline-powered engines in 1930.", "History of Toyota __knowledge__ Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was encouraged to develop automobile production by the Japanese government, which needed domestic vehicle production, due to the war with China.", "History of Toyota __knowledge__ In 1934, the division produced its first Type A Engine, which was used in the first Model A1 passenger car in May 1935 and the G1 truck in August 1935.", "Kiichiro Toyoda __knowledge__ The descendants of [Toyoda] who established Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, have long dominated the upper management of Toyota Motors, which was incorporated in 1937.", "Kiichiro Toyoda __knowledge__ Kiichiro Toyoda, who would become the president of Toyota between 1941 and 1950; His son, Shoichiro Toyoda, was born in Nagoya on February 17, 1925.", "Kiichiro Toyoda __knowledge__ In due course, Shoichiro Toyoda became president of the company between 1982 and 1992.", "Kiichiro Toyoda __knowledge__ His 56-year-old son, Akio Toyoda, was the chief contender for the office of president when Katsuaki Watanabe relinquished that post to become Chairman, and the expectation was confirmed in 2009.", "Kiichiro Toyoda __knowledge__ Kiichiro Toyoda made the decision for Toyoda Loom Works to branch into automobiles, considered a risky business at the time.", "Toyota Production System __knowledge__ The Toyota Production System (TPS) is an integrated socio-technical system, developed by Toyota, that comprises its management philosophy and practices.", "Toyota Production System __knowledge__ The TPS organizes manufacturing and logistics for the automobile manufacturer, including interaction with suppliers and customers.", "Toyota Production System __knowledge__ The system is a major precursor of the more generic \"lean manufacturing\".", "Toyota Production System __knowledge__ Taiichi Ohno and Eiji Toyoda, Japanese industrial engineers, developed the system between 1948 and 1975.", "Toyota Production System __knowledge__ Originally called \"just-in-time production\", it builds on the approach created by the founder of Toyota, Sakichi Toyoda, his son Kiichiro Toyoda, and the engineer Taiichi Ohno.", "Eiji Toyoda __knowledge__ Toyoda studied mechanical engineering at Tokyo Imperial University from 1933 to 1936.", "Eiji Toyoda __knowledge__ During this time his cousin Kiichiro established an automobile plant at the Toyoda Automatic Loom Works in the city of Nagoya in central Japan.", "Eiji Toyoda __knowledge__ Toyoda joined his cousin in the plant at the conclusion of his degree and throughout their lives they shared a deep friendship.", "Eiji Toyoda __knowledge__ In 1938, Kiichiro asked Eiji to oversee construction of a newer factory about 32 km east of Nagoya on the site of a red pine forest in the town of Koromo, later renamed Toyota City.", "Eiji Toyoda __knowledge__ Known as the Honsha (\"headquarters\") plant, to this day it is considered the \"mother factory\" for Toyota Motor production facilities worldwide.", "Toyota AA __knowledge__ The A1 was the first prototype passenger car built by the company that became Toyota.", "Toyota AA __knowledge__ It was redesigned and put into production as Toyota's first production cars, the AA sedan and the AB cabriolet.", "Toyota AA __knowledge__ These were succeeded by the similar AE, AC and BA sedans.", "Toyota AA __knowledge__ The series as a whole was replaced by the quite different and much more advanced SA.", "Toyota AA __knowledge__ Three A1 prototypes were completed in May 1935.", "Toyota AA __knowledge__ None of them survive.", "Toyota AA __knowledge__ They were blessed in a Buddhist ceremony and Kiichiro Toyoda then drove one of them to his father's grave (his father having given him the seed money to start a car factory).", "Toyota AA __knowledge__ After completion of the prototypes, Toyota then switched its attention to the G1 truck because it was more likely to be profitable in the short term.", "Toyota Industries __knowledge__ Toyota Industries Corporation (株式会社豊田自動織機, \"Kabushiki-gaisha Toyota Jidō Shokki\") is a Japanese machine maker.", "Toyota Industries __knowledge__ Originally a manufacturer of automatic looms, it is the company from which Toyota Motor Corporation developed.", "Toyota Industries __knowledge__ It is the world's largest manufacturer of forklift trucks measured by revenues.", "Toyota Industries __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1926 as Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. by Sakichi Toyoda, the inventor of a series of manual and machine-powered looms.", "Toyota Industries __knowledge__ The most impressive of these was the 1924 Toyoda Automatic Loom, Type G, a completely automatic high-speed loom featuring the ability to change shuttles without stopping and dozens of other innovations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide .", "Toyota __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Daihatsu.", "Toyota __knowledge__ It also holds a 16.66% stake in Subaru Corporation, a 5.9% stake in Isuzu, as well as joint-ventures with two in China (GAC Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor), one in India (Toyota Kirloskar), one in the Czech Republic (TPCA), along with several \"nonautomotive\" companies.", "Toyota __knowledge__ TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in Japan.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Three separate but related recalls of automobiles by Toyota Motor Corporation occurred at the end of 2009 and start of 2010.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Toyota initiated the recalls, the first two with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), after reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The first recall, on November 2, 2009, was to correct a possible incursion of an incorrect or out-of-place front driver's side floor mat into the foot pedal well, which can cause pedal entrapment.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The second recall, on January 21, 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mat incursion.", "Toyota Camry __knowledge__ The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ \"Toyota Kamuri\") is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations.", "Toyota Camry __knowledge__ Originally compact in size (narrow-body), later Camry models have grown to fit the mid-size classification (wide-body)—although the two sizes co-existed in the 1990s.", "Toyota Camry __knowledge__ Since the release of the wide-bodied versions, Camry has been extolled by Toyota as the firm's second \"world car\" after the Corolla.", "Toyota Camry __knowledge__ In Japan, Camry is exclusive to \"Toyota Corolla Store\" retail dealerships.", "Toyota Camry __knowledge__ Narrow-body cars also spawned a rebadged sibling in Japan, the Toyota Vista (トヨタ・ビスタ)—also introduced in 1982 and sold at \"Toyota Vista Store\" locations.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ This is the history of science and technology in Japan.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ The soroban is an abacus calculator developed in medieval Japan.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ It is derived from the ancient Chinese suanpan, imported to Japan in the 14th century.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ Karakuri puppets are traditional Japanese mechanized puppets or automata, originally made from the 17th century to the 19th century.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ The word \"karakuri\" means \"mechanisms\" or \"trick\".", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ The dolls' gestures provided a form of entertainment.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ Three main types of karakuri exist.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ were used in theatre.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ were small and used in homes.", "History of science and technology in Japan __knowledge__ were used in religious festivals, where the puppets were used to perform reenactments of traditional myths and legends.", "Toyota Corona __knowledge__ The Toyota Corona () was an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota between 1957 and 2003.", "Toyota Corona __knowledge__ Traditionally, the competitor from Nissan was the Nissan Bluebird.", "Toyota Corona __knowledge__ The word \"\"corona\"\" is Latin for \"crown\", a reference to an earlier vehicle Toyota offered called the Toyota Crown.", "Toyota Corona __knowledge__ It was exclusive to \"Toyopet Store\" dealership channels in Japan, while the larger Crown was available only at \"Toyota Store\" locations.", "Toyota Corona __knowledge__ In many countries, the Corona was one of Toyota's first international exports, and was shortly joined by the smaller Toyota Corolla, providing buyers with a choice of a larger car, with similar operating expenses to the smaller Corolla.", "Toyota Celica __knowledge__ The Toyota Celica or is an automobile produced by Toyota from 1970 to 2006.", "Toyota Celica __knowledge__ The Celica name was ultimately derived from the Latin word \"coelica\" meaning \"heavenly\" or \"celestial\".", "Toyota Celica __knowledge__ In Japan, the Celica was exclusive to Toyota Japanese dealerships \"Toyota Corolla Store.\"", "Toyota Celica __knowledge__ Throughout its life span the Celica has been powered by various four-cylinder engines.", "Toyota Celica __knowledge__ The most significant change occurred in August 1985, when the car's drive layout was changed from rear-wheel drive to front-wheel drive.", "Toyota Celica __knowledge__ During the first three generations, American market Celicas were powered by various versions of Toyota's R series engines.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Economy car __knowledge__ An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost purchase and operation.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Typical economy cars are small (compact or subcompact), lightweight, and inexpensive to buy.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Economy car designers are forced by stringent design constraints to be inventive.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Many innovations in automobile design were originally developed for economy cars, such as the Ford Model T and the Austin Mini.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Gordon Murray, the Formula 1 and Mclaren F1 designer, said when designing his new Murray T.25 city car: \"I would say that building a car to sell for six thousand pounds and designing that for a high-volume production, where you have all the quality issues under control, is a hundred times more difficult than designing a Mclaren F1, or even a racing car.", "Car __knowledge__ A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation.", "Car __knowledge__ Most definitions of \"car\" say they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four tires, and mainly transport people rather than goods.", "Car __knowledge__ Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them.", "Car __knowledge__ The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car, when German inventor Karl Benz built his Benz Patent-Motorwagen.", "Car __knowledge__ Cars did not become widely available until the early 20th century.", "Car __knowledge__ One of the first cars that was accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company.", "Tatra (company) __knowledge__ Tatra is a Czech manufacturer producing vehicles in Kopřivnice.", "Tatra (company) __knowledge__ It is owned by the \"Tatra Trucks\" company, based in Ostrava, and is the third oldest company in the world producing cars with an unbroken history.", "Tatra (company) __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1850 as \"Ignatz Schustala & Comp.", "Tatra (company) __knowledge__ \", in 1890 renamed \"Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriksgesellschaft\" when it became a wagon and carriage manufacturer.", "Tatra (company) __knowledge__ In 1897, Tatra produced the first motor car in central Europe, the Präsident automobile.", "Tatra (company) __knowledge__ In 1921, it changed its name to \"Kopřivnická vozovka a.s.\", and in 1919 changed from the Nesselsdorfer marque to the \"Tatra\" badge, named after the nearby Tatra Mountains on the Polish-Czechoslovak border at the time (now this range is on the Polish-Slovak border).", "Renault __knowledge__ Groupe Renault () is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899.", "Renault __knowledge__ The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches and autorail vehicles.", "Renault __knowledge__ According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, in 2016 Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume.", "Renault __knowledge__ The Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance is the fourth-largest automotive group.", "Renault __knowledge__ Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries, Alpine, Automobile Dacia from Romania, Renault Samsung Motors from South Korea, and AvtoVAZ from Russia.", "Volkswagen Beetle __knowledge__ The Volkswagen Beetle – officially the Volkswagen Type 1, informally in Germany the Käfer (German, \"beetle\") and in parts of the English-speaking world the Bug – is a two-door, five-passenger, rear-engine economy car that was manufactured and marketed by German automaker Volkswagen (VW) from 1938 until 2003.", "Volkswagen Beetle __knowledge__ The need for a \"people's car\" (\"\"Volkswagen\"\" in German), its concept and its functional objectives, was formulated by the leader of Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler, who wanted a cheap, simple car to be mass-produced for his country's new road network.", "Volkswagen Beetle __knowledge__ Lead engineer Ferdinand Porsche and his team took until 1938 to finalise the design.", "Standard Motor Company __knowledge__ The Standard Motor Company Limited was a motor vehicle manufacturer, founded in Coventry, England, in 1903 by Reginald Walter Maudslay.", "Standard Motor Company __knowledge__ It purchased Triumph in 1945 and in 1959 officially changed its name to Standard-Triumph International and began to put the Triumph brandname on all its products.", "Standard Motor Company __knowledge__ For many years, it manufactured Ferguson tractors powered by its Vanguard engine.", "Standard Motor Company __knowledge__ All Standard's tractor assets were sold to Massey-Ferguson in 1959.", "Standard Motor Company __knowledge__ In September 1959, Standard Motor Company was renamed Standard-Triumph International Limited.", "Standard Motor Company __knowledge__ A new subsidiary took the name The Standard Motor Company Limited and took over the manufacture of the group's products." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 5, 8 ]

[ "I do not, but some friends have had them. I think that they're fairly good cars, and Toyota is very innovative. They work hard at getting the market to adopt hybrid vehicles, and is a leader in hybrid electric vehicle sales.", "Toyota was founded in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda.", "It was a spin-off from Kiichiro's father's company, and produced its first engine in 1934. It produced its first car in 1936.", "Yes, Toyota Motor Corporation is part of the Toyota Group, and is one of the biggest conglomerates in Japan." ]

[ "Toyota", "Toyota", "Toyota", "Toyota" ]

[ "Indian cuisine\nIm excited to learn about indian cuisines from you", "Not really but Im willing to", "I learnt south India has alot of nice food", "Can you tell me how many varies of cuisines are out there?", "Thanks for the information about indian cuisines" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations, and colonialism have played a role in introducing certain foods to the country.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ For instance, potato, a staple of the diet in some regions of India, was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chillies and breadfruit.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has shaped the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe was the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has influenced other cuisines across the world, especially those from Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, the British Isles, Fiji, and the Caribbean.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ The culture of India refers collectively to the thousands of distinct and unique cultures of all religions and communities present in India.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differs from place to place within the country.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millenniums old.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, Indian philosophy and Indian cuisine, have a profound impact across the world.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ India has 29 states with different culture and civilizations and one of the most populated countries in the world.", "Kochi __knowledge__ Kochi (), also known as Cochin ( ), is a major port city on the south-west coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea.", "Kochi __knowledge__ It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala and is often referred to as Ernakulam.", "Kochi __knowledge__ The city has a corporation limit population of 612,343, and a metropolitan population of 2.1 million, making it the largest urban agglomeration in Kerala.", "Kochi __knowledge__ Kochi city is also part of the Greater Cochin region and is classified as a Tier-II city by the Government of India.", "Kochi __knowledge__ The civic body that governs the city is the Kochi Municipal Corporation, which was constituted in the year 1967, and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin Development Authority (GCDA) and the Goshree Islands Development Authority (GIDA).", "Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Thiruvananthapuram (), also known as Trivandrum, is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Kerala.", "Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The city has a population of 957,730 inhabitants and a metropolitan population of 1.68 million, making it the most populous city and the fifth most populous urban agglomeration in Kerala.", "Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Thiruvananthapuram is a major Information Technology hub in India, and contributes 55% of Kerala's software exports as of 2015.", "Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Thiruvananthapuram is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland.", "Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the Evergreen city of India, the city is characterised by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Maharashtrian or Marathi cuisine is the cuisine of the Marathi people from the Indian state of Maharashtra.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes, while sharing much with other Indian cuisines.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Traditionally, Maharashtrians have considered their food to be more austere than others.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Maharashtrian cuisine includes mild and spicy dishes.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat, rice, \"jowar\", \"bajri\", vegetables, lentils and fruit are dietary staples.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Peanuts and cashews are often served with vegetables.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Meat is traditionally used sparsely or by the well off until recently, because of economic conditions and culture.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ The urban population in metropolitan cities such as Mumbai, Pune and others has been influenced from other parts of India and abroad.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The city of Thiruvananthapuram has been the centre of cultural activities of Kerala (India) from the time it was made capital of Travancore in 1745.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The capital city is a major intellectual and artistic center.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The Thiruvananthapuram Museum and Thiruvananthapuram Zoo were started during the reign of Swathi Thirunal (1813–1847) and are one of the oldest of their kind in India.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The city's libraries include the Trivandrum Public library, which was started in 1829.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The Swathi Thirunal College of Music and 'College of fine arts' are the leading institutions related to music and arts.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Many great poets and men of letters from ancient times belonged to Thiruvananthapuram.", "Paneer __knowledge__ Paneer () is a fresh cheese common in South Asia, especially in Indian, Pakistani, Afghan, Nepali, Sri Lankan, and Bangladeshi cuisines.", "Paneer __knowledge__ It is an unaged, acid-set, non-melting farmer cheese made by curdling heated milk with lemon juice, vinegar, or any other food acids.", "Paneer __knowledge__ Its crumbly and moist form (cheese curd or acid-set cottage cheese) is called chhena in eastern India.", "Paneer __knowledge__ It is known as \"fonir\" in Sylhet.", "Paneer __knowledge__ The word \"paneer\" is of Persian origin.", "Paneer __knowledge__ The Turkish word \"peynir\", the Persian word \"panir\", the Azerbaijani word \"panir\", and the Armenian word \"panir\" (պանիր), all derived from \"paneer\", refer to any type of cheese." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations, and colonialism have played a role in introducing certain foods to the country.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ For instance, potato, a staple of the diet in some regions of India, was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chillies and breadfruit.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has shaped the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe was the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has influenced other cuisines across the world, especially those from Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, the British Isles, Fiji, and the Caribbean.", "Marmadesam __knowledge__ Marmadesam (English:Land of Mystery) is a Tamil mystery television series directed by Naga and C. J. Bhaskar and all series story was written by Indra Soundar Rajan.", "Marmadesam __knowledge__ The series was originally telecasted between 1995 and 1998 on Sun TV and then on Raj TV between 1998 and 2001.", "Marmadesam __knowledge__ It has been re-telecast on Vasanth TV since 3 August 2015, Monday through Friday at 7:30 PM.", "Marmadesam __knowledge__ The television series consisted of successive episodes of short stories dealing with supernatural and mystery occurrences.", "Marmadesam __knowledge__ While the stories are purely fictitious, they explore some extant beliefs and real-life traditions.", "Marmadesam __knowledge__ The main stories are: Ragasiyam is the first of the highly successful \"Marmadesam\" series.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Im Tirtzu (Hebrew: אם תרצו, lit.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ 'If you will it') is a Zionist non-governmental organization based in Israel.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Its name is derived from an epigraph appended to the frontespiece of Theodor Herzl's novel Altneuland, 'if you wish it, it is no fairy-tale,' rendered into modern Hebrew in Nahum Sokolow's translation in 1903, as \"Im tirtzu ein zo agadah.\"", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ (\"If you will it, it is no dream.\")", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ On its establishment in 2006, the organization stated that its mission was to renew \"Zionist discourse, Zionist thinking and Zionist ideology to ensure the future of the Jewish nation and the State of Israel.\"", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Claiming to \"strengthen and advance the values of Zionism in Israel\", it sees itself as dedicated to combating a \"campaign of de-legitimization against the State of Israel and to [provide] responses to Post-Zionist and Anti-Zionist phenomena\".", "Kalpavriksham __knowledge__ Kalpavriksham is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by J. Sasikumar and produced by TKK Nambiar.", "Kalpavriksham __knowledge__ The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayan, Jayabharathi and Jagathy Sreekumar in lead roles.", "Kalpavriksham __knowledge__ The film had musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.", "Kalpavriksham __knowledge__ The music was composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy and lyrics was written by Sreekumaran Thampi and Chirayinkeezhu Ramakrishnan Nair.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Dami Im (, , ; born 17 October 1988) is a Korean-born Australian singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist performing artist.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Im is known for achieving the best ever Eurovision result for Australia.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Im emigrated to Australia from South Korea with her family at the age of nine.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ She won the fifth season of \"The X Factor Australia\" and subsequently received a recording contract with Sony Music Australia.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ After winning \"The X Factor\", Im released her debut and winner's single \"Alive\", which debuted at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ This was followed by the release of her self-titled second studio album, which debuted at number one the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association.", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ Im Ye-jin (born Im Ki-hee on January 24, 1960) is a South Korean actress.", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ As a teenage actress, she reached the peak of her popularity in the 1970s with the \"Really Really\" film trilogy, which include \"Never Forget Me\", \"I Am Really Sorry\" and \"I Really Really Like You\".", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ She is currently active in television.", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ Im Ki-hee began modeling in popular teen magazines when she was in junior high school.", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ Using the stage name Im Ye-jin, she made her acting debut in Kim Ki-young's \"Transgression\" in 1974.", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ In 1975, Im played a high schooler in love with her teacher in \"Graduating School Girls\", for which she won Best New Actress at the Grand Bell Awards.", "Bani Na'im __knowledge__ Bani Na'im (, \"Banî Na‘îm\") is a Palestinian town in the southern West Bank located east of Hebron in the Hebron Governorate.", "Bani Na'im __knowledge__ Known as Brekke in the pre-Roman era, it was later referred to as \"Caphar Barucha\" in the 4th century.", "Bani Na'im __knowledge__ The town is best known as the burial place of Lot.", "Bani Na'im __knowledge__ Following the Muslim conquest, its name was Arabized as \"Kafr al-Barik.\"", "Bani Na'im __knowledge__ The tomb of Lot was turned into a mosque during Islamic rule and remained so under Crusader rule.", "Bani Na'im __knowledge__ Later, the Arab tribe of \"Bani Nu'aym\" settled there, giving the town its current name \"Bani Na'im,\" first used by Muslim scholar Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi in 1690.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ The culture of India refers collectively to the thousands of distinct and unique cultures of all religions and communities present in India.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differs from place to place within the country.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millenniums old.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, Indian philosophy and Indian cuisine, have a profound impact across the world.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ India has 29 states with different culture and civilizations and one of the most populated countries in the world.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "India __knowledge__ India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhārat Gaṇarājya\"), is a country in South Asia.", "India __knowledge__ It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world.", "India __knowledge__ It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast.", "India __knowledge__ It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east.", "India __knowledge__ In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives.", "India __knowledge__ India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.", "History of India __knowledge__ The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the advancement of civilisation from the Indus Valley Civilisation to the eventual blending of the Indo-Aryan culture to form the Vedic Civilisation; the rise of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than three millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dominions during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders and privateers, resulting in the establishment of British India; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India.", "Malaysian Indians __knowledge__ The Malaysian Indians or Indian Malaysians (Tamil: \"மலேசிய இந்தியர்க\") consists of people who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia from the Indian subcontinent and their descendants.", "Malaysian Indians __knowledge__ In 2015, there were around 2 million people self-identifying as \"Indian\" who hold Malaysian nationality (including Malaysian-born and foreign-born people of Indian descent) with the vast majority being Dravidian Tamils.", "Malaysian Indians __knowledge__ Most are descendants from those who migrated from India during the British colonisation of Malaya.", "Malaysian Indians __knowledge__ There is a possibility that the first wave of migration from South Asian subcontinent towards Southeast Asia happened when the Asoka's invasion towards Kalinga and Samudragupta's expedition towards the South.", "South Asian cuisine __knowledge__ South Asian cuisine includes the cuisines from South Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) comprising the traditional cuisines from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives and when included in the definition, also that of Afghanistan.", "South Asian cuisine __knowledge__ Chapati, a type of flat bread from the former regions, is a common part of meals to be had in many parts of Indian subcontinent.", "South Asian cuisine __knowledge__ Other staples from many of the cuisines include rice, roti made from atta flour, and beans.", "South Asian cuisine __knowledge__ Foods in this area of the world are flavoured with various types of chilli, black pepper, cloves, and other strong herbs and spices along with the flavoured butter ghee." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations, and colonialism have played a role in introducing certain foods to the country.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ For instance, potato, a staple of the diet in some regions of India, was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chillies and breadfruit.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has shaped the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe was the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has influenced other cuisines across the world, especially those from Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, the British Isles, Fiji, and the Caribbean.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot () is a town and nagar panchayat in the Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh, India.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is located at .", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot has a population of 40,948.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a tehsil place and a small town; it is a tahsil of Ratlam district and the hometown to Jangalwa Dynasty.", "Alot __knowledge__ It is on the route of the Delhi–Bombay railway track.", "Alot __knowledge__ Through trade routes Jewellers and Businessman established themselves in the town before the 17th century and flourished businesses in ginning and jewellery.", "Alot __knowledge__ A glimpse of the business lifestyle during that era can still be found in the historical town.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a main station for Jain ; many Jain people go there daily for the darshan of Lord Jain Swetamber.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Ma'alot-Tarshiha (; , \"Maʻālūt Taršīḥā\") is a mixed city in the North District in Israel, some east of Nahariya, about above sea level.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The city was established in 1963 through a municipal merger of the Arab town of Tarshiha and the Jewish town of Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ In the city has a population of .", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Excavations of a 4th-century burial cave in the village unearthed a cross and a piece of glass engraved with a menorah.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Crusader sources from the 12th and 13th century refer to Tarshiha as \"Terschia,\" \"Torsia\" and \"Tersigha.\"", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The King had initiated the settlement of Crusader (\"Latin\", \"Frankish\") people in nearby Mi'ilya (\"Castellum Regis\"), and from there settlement spread out to Tarshiha.", "South India __knowledge__ South India is the area encompassing the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep and Puducherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area ().", "South India __knowledge__ Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south.", "South India __knowledge__ The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges - the Western and Eastern Ghats, bordering the plateau heartland.", "South India __knowledge__ Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra and Vaigai rivers are important non-perennial sources of water.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ The Ma'alot massacre was a Palestinian terrorist attack that occurred in May 1974 and involved a two-day hostage-taking of 115 Israeli people which ended in the murders of over 25 hostages.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ It began when three armed members of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) entered Israel from Lebanon.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ Soon afterwards they attacked a van, killing two Israeli Arab women while injuring a third and entered an apartment building in the town of Ma'alot, where they killed a couple and their four-year-old son.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ From there, they headed for the Netiv Meir Elementary School, where they took more than 115 people (including 105 children) hostage on 15 May 1974, in Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ Ma'alot Dafna () is an Israeli settlement and neighborhood in Jerusalem that sits partly in East Jerusalem and in a territory that was no man's land before the Six Day war.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ It borders the neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to the west, Ammunition Hill to the east, Ramat Eshkol to the north and Arzei HaBira to the south.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ Ma'alot Dafna was established in 1972 on the hillside through which Israeli troops in the Six Day War made their way from the Israeli neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to fight the Arab Legion troops at the Battle of Ammunition Hill.", "Famine in India __knowledge__ Famine had been a recurrent feature of life the Indian sub-continental countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.", "Famine in India __knowledge__ Famines in India resulted in more than 60 million deaths over the course of the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries.", "Famine in India __knowledge__ The last major famine was the Bengal famine of 1943.", "Famine in India __knowledge__ A famine occurred in the state of Bihar in December 1966 on a much smaller scale and in which \"Happily, aid was at hand and there were relatively fewer deaths\".", "Famine in India __knowledge__ The drought of Maharashtra in 1970–1973 is often cited as an example in which successful famine prevention processes were employed.", "Famine in India __knowledge__ Famines in British India were severe enough to have a substantial impact on the long term population growth of the country in the 19th and early 20th centuries.", "History of South India __knowledge__ The history of the southern part of India covers a span of over four thousand years during which the region saw the rise and fall of a number of dynasties and empires.", "History of South India __knowledge__ The period of known history of the region begins with the Iron age (1200 BCE to 24 BCE) period until the 14th century CE.", "History of South India __knowledge__ Dynasties of Satavahana, Chola, Chera, Chalukya, Pallava, Rashtrakuta, Kakatiya and Hoysala were at their peak during various periods of history.", "History of South India __knowledge__ These Dynasties constantly fought amongst each other and against external forces when Muslim armies invaded south India.", "History of South India __knowledge__ Vijayanagara empire rose in response to the Muslim intervention and covered the most of south India and acted as a bulwark against Mughal expansion into the south.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Phuket cuisine __knowledge__ In the past, Phuket was one of Thailand’s commercial ports which traded with other countries.", "Phuket cuisine __knowledge__ These cultural influences are reflected in the cuisine and local foods.", "Phuket cuisine __knowledge__ Phuket cuisine and local food (Baba Peranakan food) is the combination of many cultural food habits, whether they be Chinese, Malay or Thai.", "Phuket cuisine __knowledge__ Some Phuket local food tastes sweet, such as Chinese Hakka cuisine, but it can also be spicy, such as in Thai cuisine and Malay cuisine.", "Phuket cuisine __knowledge__ If Oh-Aew is the signature desert of Phuket, Ah-pong can be considered to be the signature snack of Phuket.", "Phuket cuisine __knowledge__ Ah-Pong snacks are easy to make as the ingredients—flour, egg yolk, coconut milk, sugar; water and yeast— are readily available.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations, and colonialism have played a role in introducing certain foods to the country.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ For instance, potato, a staple of the diet in some regions of India, was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chillies and breadfruit.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has shaped the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe was the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has influenced other cuisines across the world, especially those from Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, the British Isles, Fiji, and the Caribbean.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Chinese cuisine is an important part of Chinese culture, which includes cuisine originating from the diverse regions of China, as well as from Chinese people in other parts of the world.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Because of the Chinese diaspora and historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine has influenced many other cuisines in Asia, with modifications made to cater to local palates.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ The preference for seasoning and cooking techniques of Chinese provinces depend on differences in historical background and ethnic groups.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Geographic features including mountains, rivers, forests and deserts also have a strong effect on the local available ingredients, considering climate of China varies from tropical in the south to subarctic in the northeast.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Cuisine __knowledge__ A cuisine is a style of cooking characterized by distinctive ingredients, techniques and dishes, and usually associated with a specific culture or geographic region.", "Cuisine __knowledge__ A cuisine is primarily influenced by the ingredients that are available locally or through trade.", "Cuisine __knowledge__ Religious food laws, such as Hindu, Islamic and Jewish dietary laws, can also exercise a strong influence on cuisine.", "Cuisine __knowledge__ Regional food preparation traditions, customs and ingredients often combine to create dishes unique to a particular region.", "Cuisine __knowledge__ Some factors that have an influence on a region's cuisine include the area's climate, the trade among different countries, religiousness or sumptuary laws and culinary culture exchange.", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ Hong Kong cuisine is mainly influenced by Cantonese cuisine, British Cuisine, other Western Cuisines, non-Cantonese Chinese cuisine (especially Teochew, and Hakka, Hokkien), Japan, and Southeast Asia, due to Hong Kong's past as a British colony and long history of being an international port of commerce.", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ From the roadside stalls to the most upscale restaurants, Hong Kong provides an unlimited variety of food in every class.", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ Complex combinations and international gourmet expertise have given Hong Kong the reputable labels of \"\"Gourmet Paradise\"\" and \"\"World's Fair of Food\"\".", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ Modern Hong Kong has a predominantly service-based economy, and restaurant businesses serve as a main economic contributor.", "South Asian cuisine __knowledge__ South Asian cuisine includes the cuisines from South Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) comprising the traditional cuisines from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives and when included in the definition, also that of Afghanistan.", "South Asian cuisine __knowledge__ Chapati, a type of flat bread from the former regions, is a common part of meals to be had in many parts of Indian subcontinent.", "South Asian cuisine __knowledge__ Other staples from many of the cuisines include rice, roti made from atta flour, and beans.", "South Asian cuisine __knowledge__ Foods in this area of the world are flavoured with various types of chilli, black pepper, cloves, and other strong herbs and spices along with the flavoured butter ghee.", "Yella (film) __knowledge__ Yella is a 2007 German dramatic-thriller film directed by Christian Petzold and starring Nina Hoss.", "Yella (film) __knowledge__ The film is an unofficial remake of the 1962 American film \"Carnival of Souls\".", "Yella (film) __knowledge__ \"Yella\" premiered at the 57th Berlin International Film Festival where Hoss won the Silver Bear for Best Actress award.", "Yella (film) __knowledge__ A withdrawn accountant, Yella, (Nina Hoss) arrives from a train to her hometown.", "Yella (film) __knowledge__ Yella's estranged husband, Ben, (Hinnerk Schönemann) offers her a ride home from the train station.", "Yella (film) __knowledge__ She declines and walks.", "Yella (film) __knowledge__ Yella visits her father and tells him that she has found a job in Hanover, beginning the following morning.", "Baddam Yella Reddy __knowledge__ Baddam Yella Reddy (, b.", "Baddam Yella Reddy __knowledge__ 1906, Galipalli village, d. 1979) was an Indian communist politician from Telangana.", "Baddam Yella Reddy __knowledge__ He was one of the prominent leaders in the Telangana armed struggle against the Nizam regime.", "Baddam Yella Reddy __knowledge__ Yella Reddy became influenced by the socialist ideas of Jawaharlal Nehru.", "Baddam Yella Reddy __knowledge__ He belonged to the more militant sector in the Andhra Maha Sabha, that deplored the non-confrontational policies of the leadership of the organization.", "Baddam Yella Reddy __knowledge__ This tendency became increasingly attracted to communism in the late 1930s.", "Baddam Yella Reddy __knowledge__ Yella Reddy took part in the 1938 satyagrah.", "Baddam Yella Reddy __knowledge__ He was amongst those jailed during the protest campaign.", "N.W.A __knowledge__ N.W.A (an abbreviation for Niggaz Wit Attitudes) was an American hip hop group from Los Angeles, California.", "N.W.A __knowledge__ They were among the earliest and most significant popularizers and controversial figures of the gangsta rap subgenre, and are widely considered one of the greatest and most influential groups in the history of hip hop music.", "N.W.A __knowledge__ Active from 1986 to 1991, the rap group endured controversy owing to their music's explicit lyrics, which many viewed as being disrespectful to women, as well as to its glorification of drugs and crime.", "N.W.A __knowledge__ The group was subsequently banned from many mainstream American radio stations.", "DJ Yella __knowledge__ Antoine Carraby (born December 11, 1967), better known by his stage name DJ Yella, is an American rapper, DJ, record producer and film director from Compton, California.", "DJ Yella __knowledge__ He was a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru along with Dr. Dre.", "DJ Yella __knowledge__ He later became a founding member of the pioneering gangsta rap group N.W.A (composed of DJ Yella, Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, MC Ren, Arabian Prince, and Eazy-E).", "DJ Yella __knowledge__ Along with Dre, Yella produced Eazy-E's debut album \"Eazy-Duz-It\" and all three N.W.A albums including one by rapper Dizzee Dac, translating into millions of sales.", "DJ Yella __knowledge__ He co-produced along with Arabian Prince the platinum-selling debut albums of J.J. Fad and Michel'le with Dre and contributed to The D.O.C.", "Eazy-E __knowledge__ Eric Lynn Wright (September 7, 1964March 26, 1995), better known by his stage name Eazy-E, was an American rapper who performed solo and in the hip hop group N.W.A.", "Eazy-E __knowledge__ Wright is affectionately called \"The Godfather of Gangsta rap\".", "Eazy-E __knowledge__ He was born to Richard and Kathie Wright in Compton, California.", "Eazy-E __knowledge__ After dropping out of high school in the tenth grade, he supported himself primarily by selling drugs before founding Ruthless Records and becoming a rapper.", "Eazy-E __knowledge__ Arabian Prince, Eazy-E, Dr. Dre and Ice Cube formed N.W.A.", "Eazy-E __knowledge__ After DJ Yella and MC Ren joined the group, N.W.A released their debut single \"Panic Zone\".", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Andre Romelle Young (born February 18, 1965), better known by his stage name Dr. Dre, is an American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is the founder and current CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Dre was previously the co-owner of, and an artist on, Death Row Records.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers, including 2Pac, The D.O.C., Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, 50 Cent, The Game, and Kendrick Lamar.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is credited as a key figure in the popularization of West Coast G-funk, a style of rap music characterized as synthesizer-based with slow, heavy beats.", "Yella Venkateswara Rao __knowledge__ Yella Venkateswara Rao is an Indian classical musician and percussionist, considered by many as one of the leading exponents of Mridangam, an ancient Indian percussion instrument.", "Yella Venkateswara Rao __knowledge__ He is featured in the Guinness Book of World Records for playing mridangam continuously for 36 hours.", "Yella Venkateswara Rao __knowledge__ He has performed as an accompanist to such renowned musicians as M. S. Subbulakshmi, Ravi Shankar, Chembai, Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer, M. Balamuralikrishna, L. Subramaniam, K. J. Yesudas, Amjad Ali Khan, Hariprasad Chaurasia and Bhimsen Joshi and is credited with over 15,000 performances in India and abroad.", "Yella Venkateswara Rao __knowledge__ The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2008, for his contributions to Music." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations, and colonialism have played a role in introducing certain foods to the country.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ For instance, potato, a staple of the diet in some regions of India, was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chillies and breadfruit.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has shaped the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe was the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has influenced other cuisines across the world, especially those from Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, the British Isles, Fiji, and the Caribbean.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ The culture of India refers collectively to the thousands of distinct and unique cultures of all religions and communities present in India.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differs from place to place within the country.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millenniums old.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, Indian philosophy and Indian cuisine, have a profound impact across the world.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ India has 29 states with different culture and civilizations and one of the most populated countries in the world.", "Kochi __knowledge__ Kochi (), also known as Cochin ( ), is a major port city on the south-west coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea.", "Kochi __knowledge__ It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala and is often referred to as Ernakulam.", "Kochi __knowledge__ The city has a corporation limit population of 612,343, and a metropolitan population of 2.1 million, making it the largest urban agglomeration in Kerala.", "Kochi __knowledge__ Kochi city is also part of the Greater Cochin region and is classified as a Tier-II city by the Government of India.", "Kochi __knowledge__ The civic body that governs the city is the Kochi Municipal Corporation, which was constituted in the year 1967, and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin Development Authority (GCDA) and the Goshree Islands Development Authority (GIDA).", "Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Thiruvananthapuram (), also known as Trivandrum, is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Kerala.", "Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The city has a population of 957,730 inhabitants and a metropolitan population of 1.68 million, making it the most populous city and the fifth most populous urban agglomeration in Kerala.", "Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Thiruvananthapuram is a major Information Technology hub in India, and contributes 55% of Kerala's software exports as of 2015.", "Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Thiruvananthapuram is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland.", "Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the Evergreen city of India, the city is characterised by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Maharashtrian or Marathi cuisine is the cuisine of the Marathi people from the Indian state of Maharashtra.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes, while sharing much with other Indian cuisines.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Traditionally, Maharashtrians have considered their food to be more austere than others.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Maharashtrian cuisine includes mild and spicy dishes.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat, rice, \"jowar\", \"bajri\", vegetables, lentils and fruit are dietary staples.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Peanuts and cashews are often served with vegetables.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ Meat is traditionally used sparsely or by the well off until recently, because of economic conditions and culture.", "Maharashtrian cuisine __knowledge__ The urban population in metropolitan cities such as Mumbai, Pune and others has been influenced from other parts of India and abroad.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The city of Thiruvananthapuram has been the centre of cultural activities of Kerala (India) from the time it was made capital of Travancore in 1745.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The capital city is a major intellectual and artistic center.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The Thiruvananthapuram Museum and Thiruvananthapuram Zoo were started during the reign of Swathi Thirunal (1813–1847) and are one of the oldest of their kind in India.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The city's libraries include the Trivandrum Public library, which was started in 1829.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ The Swathi Thirunal College of Music and 'College of fine arts' are the leading institutions related to music and arts.", "Culture of Thiruvananthapuram __knowledge__ Many great poets and men of letters from ancient times belonged to Thiruvananthapuram.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is a culinary style originating in Bengal, a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is now divided between Bangladesh and the West Bengal state of India.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Other regions, such as Tripura, and the Barak Valley region of Assam (in India) also have large native Bengali populations and share this cuisine.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ With an emphasis on fish, vegetables and lentils are served with rice as a staple diet.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is known for its subtle (yet sometimes fiery) flavours, and its spread of confectioneries and desserts.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ It also has the only traditionally developed multi-course tradition from the subcontinent that is analogous in structure to the modern \"service à la russe\" style of French cuisine, with food served course-wise rather than all at once." ] ]

[ 1, 59, 8, 2, 47 ]

[ "Hi!I love Indian cuisine. It's a wide variety from the Indian subcontinent! Have you tried anything before?", "Nice! I love curry specifically. It's usually a dish prepared in a sauce.", "Yes! And it has shaped the history of international elations between different countries!", "Well as far as Indian cuisine goes, the diversity of styles is huge. It depends on which spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits are available in the local area.", "Sure! Also the southern part of India is known for curry dishes that are spiced with leaves from curry trees!" ]

[ "Indian cuisine", "Indian cuisine", "Indian cuisine", "Indian cuisine", "Indian cuisine" ]

[ "Solitude", "That sounds terrible. Why are you spending time alone?", "I'm so sorry to hear that. How long did you have the dog? What was his/her name?", "Depressions can be hard to overcome. Do you have anyone you can talk to for support?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Solitude __knowledge__ Solitude is a state of seclusion or isolation, i.e., lack of contact with people.", "Solitude __knowledge__ It may stem from bad relationships, loss of loved ones, deliberate choice, infectious disease, mental disorders, neurological disorders or circumstances of employment or situation (see castaway).", "Solitude __knowledge__ Short-term solitude is often valued as a time when one may work, think or rest without being disturbed.", "Solitude __knowledge__ It may be desired for the sake of privacy.", "Solitude __knowledge__ A distinction has been made between solitude and loneliness.", "Solitude __knowledge__ In this sense, these two words refer, respectively, to the joy and the pain of being alone.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Symptoms from complete isolation, called sensory deprivation, often include anxiety, sensory illusions, or even distortions of time and perception.", "Solitude __knowledge__ However, this is the case when there is no stimulation of the sensory systems at all, and not only lack of contact with people.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Thus, by having other things to keep one's mind busy, this is avoided.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Still, long-term solitude is often seen as undesirable, causing loneliness or reclusion resulting from inability to establish relationships.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Furthermore, it might even lead to clinical depression.", "Solitude __knowledge__ However, for some people, solitude is not depressing.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Still others (e.g.", "Solitude __knowledge__ monks) regard long-term solitude as a means of spiritual enlightenment." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Solitude __knowledge__ Solitude is a state of seclusion or isolation, i.e., lack of contact with people.", "Solitude __knowledge__ It may stem from bad relationships, loss of loved ones, deliberate choice, infectious disease, mental disorders, neurological disorders or circumstances of employment or situation (see castaway).", "Solitude __knowledge__ Short-term solitude is often valued as a time when one may work, think or rest without being disturbed.", "Solitude __knowledge__ It may be desired for the sake of privacy.", "Solitude __knowledge__ A distinction has been made between solitude and loneliness.", "Solitude __knowledge__ In this sense, these two words refer, respectively, to the joy and the pain of being alone.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Symptoms from complete isolation, called sensory deprivation, often include anxiety, sensory illusions, or even distortions of time and perception.", "Solitude __knowledge__ However, this is the case when there is no stimulation of the sensory systems at all, and not only lack of contact with people.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Thus, by having other things to keep one's mind busy, this is avoided.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Still, long-term solitude is often seen as undesirable, causing loneliness or reclusion resulting from inability to establish relationships.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Furthermore, it might even lead to clinical depression.", "Solitude __knowledge__ However, for some people, solitude is not depressing.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Still others (e.g.", "Solitude __knowledge__ monks) regard long-term solitude as a means of spiritual enlightenment.", "Laryngitis (Glee) __knowledge__ \"Laryngitis\" is the eighteenth episode of the American television series \"Glee\".", "Laryngitis (Glee) __knowledge__ The episode premiered on the Fox network on May 11, 2010.", "Laryngitis (Glee) __knowledge__ It was directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon and written by series creator Ryan Murphy.", "Laryngitis (Glee) __knowledge__ In \"Laryngitis\", glee club member Puck (Mark Salling) dates Mercedes (Amber Riley) in an attempt to raise his social status.", "Laryngitis (Glee) __knowledge__ Kurt (Chris Colfer) is jealous of the time his father is spending with Finn (Cory Monteith), and Rachel (Lea Michele) worries about her future when she is diagnosed with tonsillitis.", "Laryngitis (Glee) __knowledge__ Mike O'Malley guest-stars as Kurt's father Burt, and Zack Weinstein appears as disabled former football player Sean Fretthold.", "Bobby Fischer __knowledge__ Robert James Fischer (March 9, 1943January 17, 2008) was an American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion.", "Bobby Fischer __knowledge__ Many consider him to be the greatest chess player of all time.", "Bobby Fischer __knowledge__ In 1972, he captured the World Chess Championship from Boris Spassky of the USSR in a match held in Reykjavík, Iceland, publicized as a Cold War confrontation, which attracted more worldwide interest than any chess championship before or since.", "Bobby Fischer __knowledge__ In 1975, Fischer refused to defend his title when an agreement could not be reached with FIDE, the game's international governing body, over one of the conditions for the match.", "I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone __knowledge__ I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone is the third studio album by American indie rock band, Chastity Belt.", "I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone __knowledge__ It was released on June 2, 2017, by Hardly Art.", "I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone __knowledge__ The band's first work after their second studio album \"Time to Go Home\" (2015), \"I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone\" was produced by Matthew Simms.", "I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone __knowledge__ It was met with generally positive reviews from music critics, many critics remarked its more serious content than their previous releases, while some felt the band's material has grown up with the album.", "I Used to Spend So Much Time Alone __knowledge__ Two singles preceded the album's release: the lead single \"Different Now\" on March 8, 2017 and the second single \"Caught in a Lie\" on April 4, 2017.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and polemical journalism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ He is best known for the allegorical novella \"Animal Farm\" (1945) and the dystopian novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\" (1949).", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His non-fiction works, including \"The Road to Wigan Pier\" (1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England, and \"Homage to Catalonia\" (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, are widely acclaimed, as are his essays on politics, literature, language, and culture.", "Billy Graham rule __knowledge__ The Billy Graham rule or Pence rule is a practice among male Protestant Christian leaders, in which they avoid spending time alone with women to whom they are not married.", "Billy Graham rule __knowledge__ It is named after Billy Graham, the most notable proponent of the practice.", "Billy Graham rule __knowledge__ It is adopted as a display of integrity, a means of avoiding sexual temptation, and to avoid any appearance of doing something considered morally objectionable, but has been criticized as being sexist.", "Billy Graham rule __knowledge__ In 1948, Graham held a series of evangelistic meetings in Modesto, California.", "Billy Graham rule __knowledge__ Together with Cliff Barrows, Grady Wilson, and George Beverly Shea, he resolved then to \"avoid any situation that would have even the appearance of compromise or suspicion.\"", "Honjok __knowledge__ Honjok () is a South Korean term for people who willingly do activities alone.", "Honjok __knowledge__ The term was popularized in 2017, when South Korea saw an increase in people eating, drinking, and traveling alone, among other activities.", "Honjok __knowledge__ The honjok lifestyle is considered a \"significant shift\" from South Korea's traditionally group-oriented society.", "Honjok __knowledge__ Honjok is a new term that is gradually being used since 2010 when the number of one-person households began to increase.", "Honjok __knowledge__ It refers to a person who has hobbies such as eating alone, enjoying leisure activities and shopping, leaving the trip alone, etc.", "Honjok __knowledge__ It is a different concept from the 'cocoon gruop' living alone.", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her third studio album \"Control\" (1986).", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ Jackson co-wrote the song with its producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis.", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ It was released on January 13, 1986 as the album's lead single, by A&M Records.", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ After two unsuccessful albums and a management change, the singer began developing a new album.", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" was originally penned for one of Jam and Lewis's own records, but the lyrics were rewritten to convey Jackson's feelings about her recent divorce from James DeBarge in January 1985.", "What Have You Done for Me Lately __knowledge__ It revolves around a woman's frustration with her partner in a relationship.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ Chelsea Lately is an American late night comedy talk show hosted by comedian Chelsea Handler which was broadcast on E!.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ The show debuted on July 16, 2007, and was produced by Handler's production company, Borderline Amazing Productions.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ It was taped at Universal Studios Stage 1 in Universal City, California.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ In American markets, the show aired at 11:00 p.m. Eastern and 8:00 p.m. Pacific time but was recorded at 3:30 p.m. PT, usually the same day.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ On November 15, 2011, it was announced that the show's run had been extended through 2014.", "Chelsea Lately __knowledge__ Handler's manager, Irving Azoff, stated that Handler would leave E!", "Costa Rican general election, 2014 __knowledge__ Costa Rica held parliamentary and presidential elections on Sunday, 2 February 2014 to elect a new president, two vice presidents, and 57 Legislative Assembly lawmakers.", "Costa Rican general election, 2014 __knowledge__ Voting is compulsory in Costa Rica, nevertheless abstentionism was 35 percent in 2006 and 32 percent in 2010.", "Costa Rican general election, 2014 __knowledge__ In accordance with Article 132 of the Constitution, the incumbent President, Laura Chinchilla Miranda, was ineligible to run for a second consecutive term.", "Costa Rican general election, 2014 __knowledge__ The ruling party before the election, the centrist National Liberation Party, put forward San José Mayor Johnny Araya Monge as its presidential candidate.", "Costa Rican general election, 2014 __knowledge__ The Libertarian Movement party nominated former legislator Otto Guevara Guth." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Solitude __knowledge__ Solitude is a state of seclusion or isolation, i.e., lack of contact with people.", "Solitude __knowledge__ It may stem from bad relationships, loss of loved ones, deliberate choice, infectious disease, mental disorders, neurological disorders or circumstances of employment or situation (see castaway).", "Solitude __knowledge__ Short-term solitude is often valued as a time when one may work, think or rest without being disturbed.", "Solitude __knowledge__ It may be desired for the sake of privacy.", "Solitude __knowledge__ A distinction has been made between solitude and loneliness.", "Solitude __knowledge__ In this sense, these two words refer, respectively, to the joy and the pain of being alone.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Symptoms from complete isolation, called sensory deprivation, often include anxiety, sensory illusions, or even distortions of time and perception.", "Solitude __knowledge__ However, this is the case when there is no stimulation of the sensory systems at all, and not only lack of contact with people.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Thus, by having other things to keep one's mind busy, this is avoided.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Still, long-term solitude is often seen as undesirable, causing loneliness or reclusion resulting from inability to establish relationships.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Furthermore, it might even lead to clinical depression.", "Solitude __knowledge__ However, for some people, solitude is not depressing.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Still others (e.g.", "Solitude __knowledge__ monks) regard long-term solitude as a means of spiritual enlightenment.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Paz, also known as The Paz Show or Paz the Penguin, is an animated television series that debuted on February 24, 2003 on Discovery Kids and TLC in the United States.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ It also aired on Treehouse TV in Canada, and on ITV in the United Kingdom.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The show was produced by Telescreen BV, Egmont Imagination, King Rollo Films, Open Mind Productions, and Discovery Kids.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The series was based on a series of books written and illustrated by Mary Murphy.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ 1.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ THE RIGHT MOVES: Pig teaches a dance class with surprising results.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Sometimes mistakes are the best part!", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ At first, Pig worries that she is a bad dance teacher.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ Sorry, Sorry is the third studio album by South Korean boy band Super Junior, released on March 12, 2009 in South Korea.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ \"Sorry, Sorry\" was a critically and commercially successful hit in Asia, becoming 2009's best-selling Korean-language album in South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, China, and the Philippines.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ In less than a week after pre-orders were announced, over 150,000 copies were pre-ordered.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ According to South Korea's Hanteo Charts, it debuted at 1st on the charts with almost 30,000 copies sold on the first day.", "Sorry, Sorry __knowledge__ The album won a Disk Daesang (Album of the Year) at the 2009 Golden Disk Awards.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her sixth studio album \"Lemonade\" (2016).", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Wynter Gordon, Sean \"Melo-X\" Rhoden and Beyoncé, with Hit-Boy serving as a co-producer and Stuart White as an additional producer.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Columbia Records serviced it to radio stations as the album's second single on May 3, 2016.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is an electro-R&B song with a thumping rhythm created by drum beats, synthesizers and bells.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song's lyrics revolve around the protagonist dealing with betrayal of a companion with a woman.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Due to the numerous allegations featured in the song, media linked its subject matter to the singer and her spouse, Jay-Z.", "Til I Hear It from You __knowledge__ \"Til I Hear It from You\" is a track by the Gin Blossoms which was released as the lead single from the soundtrack to the film \"Empire Records\" in August 1995.", "Til I Hear It from You __knowledge__ In January 1996 the track was re-released as a double-A side single with the track \"Follow You Down\".", "Til I Hear It from You __knowledge__ \"Billboard\" magazine described \"Til I Hear It from You\" as \"the closest thing to a perfect pop song to hit radio in recent memory\" lauding its \"breezy and wonderfully infectious melody, the boy-needs-girl lyrics, and the earnest execution.\"", "Til I Hear It from You __knowledge__ Gin Blossoms' guitarist Jesse Valenzuela would recall writing the song with Marshall Crenshaw in a hotel in Austin, Texas where the Gin Blossoms and Crenshaw were both participating in South by Southwest.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" is a twelve-bar blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Recorded originally by Willie Mae \"Big Mama\" Thornton on August 13, 1952, in Los Angeles and released by Peacock Records in late February 1953, \"Hound Dog\" was Thornton's only hit record, selling over 500,000 copies, spending 14 weeks in the R&B charts, including seven weeks at number one.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Thornton's recording of \"Hound Dog\" is listed as one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's \"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\", and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in February 2013.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" has been recorded more than 250 times.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album, \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Written by Bieber, Julia Michaels, Justin Tranter, Sonny Moore, and Michael Tucker; the song was produced by Skrillex and BloodPop.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was released on October 23, 2015, as the second single from the album.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ A dancehall-pop and tropical house song, \"Sorry\" contains in its instrumentation \"brassy horn bleats\", warm island rhythms and a dembow riddim beat.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Sorry\" is a plea for a chance to apologize to a lover, with Bieber asking forgiveness and a second chance to redeem himself.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song allegedly samples \"Ring The Bell\" by White Hinterland.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "The British Soap Awards __knowledge__ The British Soap Awards is an annual awards ceremony in the United Kingdom which honours the best of British soap operas.", "The British Soap Awards __knowledge__ The ceremony is televised on ITV and currently presented by Phillip Schofield.", "The British Soap Awards __knowledge__ The trophies given to the winners are made from metal and glass and have been manufactured by British firm Creative Awards since their inception.", "The British Soap Awards __knowledge__ The first event took place in 1999 and the event takes place in May each year.", "The British Soap Awards __knowledge__ Although it is an ITV production, the events were held at the BBC Television Centre, in London until 2010.", "The British Soap Awards __knowledge__ The 2011 awards relocated to the Granada Studios in Manchester, then to The London Studios for the 2012 awards.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily Gilmore is a fictional character who appears in the American comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\" (2000 – 2007) and its revival \"\" (2016) as the matriarch of the eponymous family.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Portrayed by actress Kelly Bishop, the character was created by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino in order to add a tragic element to the show's light-hearted nature.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ Emily has had a complicated relationship with her daughter Lorelai ever since the character runs away at age 17 to raise her newborn daughter Rory on her own.", "Emily Gilmore __knowledge__ They remain estranged for several years until Lorelai asks her parents to help pay for Rory's schooling, to which Emily agrees on the condition that her daughter and granddaughter visit them for dinner every Friday evening.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Families of Archie's Gang __knowledge__ The following is a list of members of families of Archie's Gang appearing in Archie Comics.", "Families of Archie's Gang __knowledge__ Primarily featured are the parents of Archie Andrews, Betty Cooper, Veronica Lodge and Jughead Jones.", "Families of Archie's Gang __knowledge__ Frederick \"Fred\" Andrews is the father of Archie Andrews and the son of Archie's grandfather Artie Andrews.", "Families of Archie's Gang __knowledge__ Apart from Hiram Lodge, he and his wife Mary appear more than any other parents in Archie Comics.", "Families of Archie's Gang __knowledge__ Archie often calls him \"Pop.\"", "Families of Archie's Gang __knowledge__ He is somewhat overweight, and his wife often makes him diet, which he dislikes.", "Families of Archie's Gang __knowledge__ He has also lost most of his black hair.", "Families of Archie's Gang __knowledge__ Thinning-haired, amply-contoured gentlemen appear to be common in Archie Comics (Mr. Weatherbee, Coach Kleats, Smithers, Pop Tate).", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Solitude __knowledge__ Solitude is a state of seclusion or isolation, i.e., lack of contact with people.", "Solitude __knowledge__ It may stem from bad relationships, loss of loved ones, deliberate choice, infectious disease, mental disorders, neurological disorders or circumstances of employment or situation (see castaway).", "Solitude __knowledge__ Short-term solitude is often valued as a time when one may work, think or rest without being disturbed.", "Solitude __knowledge__ It may be desired for the sake of privacy.", "Solitude __knowledge__ A distinction has been made between solitude and loneliness.", "Solitude __knowledge__ In this sense, these two words refer, respectively, to the joy and the pain of being alone.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Symptoms from complete isolation, called sensory deprivation, often include anxiety, sensory illusions, or even distortions of time and perception.", "Solitude __knowledge__ However, this is the case when there is no stimulation of the sensory systems at all, and not only lack of contact with people.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Thus, by having other things to keep one's mind busy, this is avoided.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Still, long-term solitude is often seen as undesirable, causing loneliness or reclusion resulting from inability to establish relationships.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Furthermore, it might even lead to clinical depression.", "Solitude __knowledge__ However, for some people, solitude is not depressing.", "Solitude __knowledge__ Still others (e.g.", "Solitude __knowledge__ monks) regard long-term solitude as a means of spiritual enlightenment.", "Uvala (landform) __knowledge__ Uvala is originally a local toponym used by people in some regions in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia.", "Uvala (landform) __knowledge__ In geosciences it denotes a closed karst depression, a terrain form usually of elongated or compound structure and of larger size than that of sinkholes (dolines).", "Uvala (landform) __knowledge__ It is a morphological form frequently found in the “Outer Dinarides” anywhere between Slovenia and Greece.", "Uvala (landform) __knowledge__ But large closed karst depressions are found on all continents in different landscapes and therefore uvala has become a globally established term, used also to distinguish such depressions from poljes (size of many km).", "Psychoanalysis __knowledge__ Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders.", "Psychoanalysis __knowledge__ The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud and stemmed partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others.", "Psychoanalysis __knowledge__ Freud first used the term \"psychoanalysis\" (in French) in 1896.", "Psychoanalysis __knowledge__ \"Die Traumdeutung\" (\"The Interpretation of Dreams\"), which Freud saw as his \"most significant work\", appeared in November 1899.", "Psychoanalysis __knowledge__ Psychoanalysis was later developed in different directions, mostly by students of Freud such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung, and by neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney and Harry Stack Sullivan.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ The political positions of Ron Paul (L-TX), United States presidential candidate in 1988, 2008, and 2012, are generally described as libertarian, but have also been labeled conservative and constitutionalist.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ and Paul's nickname \"Dr. No\" reflects both his medical degree and his assertion that he will \"never vote for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution\".", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ This position has frequently resulted in Paul casting the sole \"no\" vote against proposed legislation.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ The central tenet of Paul's political philosophy is that \"the proper role for government in America is to provide national defense, a court system for civil disputes, a criminal justice system for acts of force and fraud, and little else.\"", "1967 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The 1967 Atlantic hurricane season was a significantly inactive season, however, it featured an exceptionally high number of depressions, a near record.", "1967 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ It was the first Atlantic hurricane season to be included in the satellite era.", "1967 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ The first depression originated on June 10, and the final storm – Heidi – lost tropical characteristics on October 31.", "1967 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ Hurricane Beulah – the strongest storm of the season – was also the most damaging, causing 59 deaths and $207 million in damage (1967 USD) along its 16-day path.", "1967 Atlantic hurricane season __knowledge__ Beulah formed on September 5 and soon after crossed southern Martinique into the Caribbean Sea.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "HiWish program __knowledge__ HiWish is a program created by NASA so that anyone can suggest a place for the HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to photograph.", "HiWish program __knowledge__ It was started in January 2010.", "HiWish program __knowledge__ In the first few months of the program 3000 people signed up to use HiRISE.", "HiWish program __knowledge__ The first images were released in April 2010.", "HiWish program __knowledge__ Over 7000 suggestions were made by the public; suggestions were made for targets in each of the 30 quadrangles of Mars.", "HiWish program __knowledge__ Selected images released were used for three talks at the 16th Annual International Mars Society Convention.", "HiWish program __knowledge__ Below are some of the over 4,224 images that have been released from the HiWish program as of March 2016.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ Loneliness typically includes anxious feelings about a lack of connection or communication with other beings, both in the present and extending into the future.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ As such, loneliness can be felt even when surrounded by other people.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ The causes of loneliness are varied and include social, mental, emotional and physical factors.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ Research has shown that loneliness is prevalent throughout society, including people in marriages, relationships, families, veterans, and those with successful careers.", "Loneliness __knowledge__ It has been a long explored theme in the literature of human beings since classical antiquity.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ \"I Get Lonely\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her sixth album \"The Velvet Rope\" (1997).", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ It was written by Jackson, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Jackson's then-husband, René Elizondo, Jr.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ It was released in February 26, 1998 by Virgin Records as the album's third single.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ The track is a departure from Jackson's signature brand of dance-pop into a more R&B and quiet storm vibe.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ Lyrically, it expresses loneliness and the desire for an estranged lover.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ A remixed version of the song was featured by the American R&B group Blackstreet.", "I Get Lonely __knowledge__ \"I Get Lonely\" became Jackson's eighteenth consecutive top-ten hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, setting a record as the only female artist to achieve that feat, surpassed only by Elvis Presley and The Beatles.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Paz, also known as The Paz Show or Paz the Penguin, is an animated television series that debuted on February 24, 2003 on Discovery Kids and TLC in the United States.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ It also aired on Treehouse TV in Canada, and on ITV in the United Kingdom.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The show was produced by Telescreen BV, Egmont Imagination, King Rollo Films, Open Mind Productions, and Discovery Kids.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The series was based on a series of books written and illustrated by Mary Murphy.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ 1.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ THE RIGHT MOVES: Pig teaches a dance class with surprising results.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Sometimes mistakes are the best part!", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ At first, Pig worries that she is a bad dance teacher.", "Old Friends and New __knowledge__ Old Friends and New is a series of short stories written by Sarah Orne Jewett.", "Old Friends and New __knowledge__ It was published in The Atlantic Monthly in seven installments – one short story in each volume – in 1878.", "Old Friends and New __knowledge__ In 1879, the short stories were compiled and published by Houghton, Osgood and Company.", "Old Friends and New __knowledge__ The stories from \"Old Friends and New\" are clear examples of the local color movement, with descriptions of the peaceful, rural settings.", "Old Friends and New __knowledge__ They all take place in New England in the late nineteenth century.", "Old Friends and New __knowledge__ Miss Horatia Dane is a lonely widow who lives in Longfield, far from any family.", "Old Friends and New __knowledge__ The narrator reveals a rumor that Miss Dane had a lover who was lost at sea, though she never mentions him.", "Hone Ropata __knowledge__ Dr. Hone Ropata is a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera \"Shortland Street\" who was portrayed by Temuera Morrison as part of the original cast.", "Hone Ropata __knowledge__ Morrison maintained the role for three years before briefly reprising in it 2008 to commemorate the show's 4000th episode.", "Hone Ropata __knowledge__ Caterina De Nave developed the idea of what was to become \"Shortland Street\", after watching successful Australian soap opera's, \"Home and Away\" and \"Neighbours\" and noted the lack of diversity concerning race in the cast.", "Hone Ropata __knowledge__ De Nave alongside a team of writers and story liners, decided to include several ethnic minorities, with Ken Catran pitching the idea of Hone - a determined Maori doctor.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is an American fantasy-drama television series picked up by The CW for their fall 2013 schedule, after a backdoor pilot for the series aired as an episode of The CW television series \"The Vampire Diaries\" in April 2013.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It is a spin-off of \"The Vampire Diaries\", sharing a universe with its predecessor.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It centers on three Mikaelson siblings, Klaus (Joseph Morgan), Elijah (Daniel Gillies), and Rebekah (Claire Holt), collectively known as \"original vampires\", or simply the \"originals\".", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is set in the city of New Orleans.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It was created by Julie Plec.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of series regulars who have appeared in one or more of the series' four seasons." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 0, 11 ]

[ "I've been spending a lot of time alone lately.", "I guess a bad relationship and my dog passing away I've just needed some time to myself.", "9 years, It just feels lonely here at hone now. I'm probably depressed.", "Yeah, i can still feel the loneliness when I'm around people trying to get over it. I guess I just need more time she was my best friend." ]

[ "Solitude", "Solitude", "Solitude", "Solitude" ]

[ "Appalachian Trail\nI would love to hike the Appalachian Trail. I wonder how long it is though.", "That's really long. Is it all in one state?", "How long would it take it walk the whole thing? It would probably take me months ha ha", "Does someone have to maintain all of that area?", "It sounds like fun, but I'm worried about things like bears and other wild animals. Are there areas to camp so you can rest occasionally?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail itself was completed in 1937 after more than a decade of work, although improvements and changes continue.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ It is maintained by 31 trail clubs and multiple partnerships, and managed by the National Park Service, United States Forest Service, and the nonprofit Appalachian Trail Conservancy.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The majority of the trail is in forest or wild lands, although some portions traverse towns, roads and farms.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ It passes through 14 states: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle is a hiker, and supporter of the Appalachian Trail.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He holds the informal record for the hiking the entire Appalachian Trail (seventeen times; 9 thru-hikes and 8 section hikes).", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ From 1974 to 2017, as a labor of love, he organized and led 10 groups up the Appalachian Trail with a superlative completion rate.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He is the founder of two organizations dedicated to the trail: the Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association, and the Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He remains the Director of Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle (born 1950) became interested in hiking while attending Southern Connecticut State University.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail (commonly abbreviated as the PCT, and officially designated as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance hiking and equestrian trail closely aligned with the highest portion of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges, which lie east of the U.S. Pacific coast.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The trail's southern terminus is on the U.S. border with Mexico, just south of Campo, California, and its northern terminus on the Canada–US border on the edge of Manning Park in British Columbia; its corridor through the U.S. is in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail is long and ranges in elevation from just above sea level at the Oregon–Washington border to at Forester Pass in the Sierra Nevada.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is a geological feature, located on Catawba mountain in Catawba, Virginia, United States.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ It is named for a Scotch-Irish 18th-century settler.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ Considered to be the most scenic point along the Appalachian Trail, the vista offers panoramic views of the Catawba Valley, 3400 feet below.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is located on the Appalachian Trail, a four-mile hike northbound from the intersection with VA-311 in Catawba, Virginia or a 16 mile hike southbound from US-220 in Troutville, Virginia.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail is a 2,175-mile hiking trail following the Appalachian Mountains between Georgia and Maine, and is a unit of the National Park Service.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking, or through-hiking, is hiking a long-distance trail end-to-end within one hiking season.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ In United States, the term is most commonly associated with the Appalachian Trail (AT), the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), and the Continental Divide Trail (CDT), but also refers to other end-to-end hikes.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Other examples include the Te Araroa Trail in New Zealand, the Camino de Santiago in Spain, the Via Francigena in France and Italy, the Lycian Way in Turkey, the Israel National Trail, and the Great Divide Trail (GDT) in Canada.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking is also called \"end-to-end hiking\" or \"end-to-ending\" on some trails, like Vermont's Long Trail or New York's Long Path and Northville–Placid Trail.", "Long Path __knowledge__ The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail beginning at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area.", "Long Path __knowledge__ While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains.", "Long Path __knowledge__ It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits in elevation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail itself was completed in 1937 after more than a decade of work, although improvements and changes continue.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ It is maintained by 31 trail clubs and multiple partnerships, and managed by the National Park Service, United States Forest Service, and the nonprofit Appalachian Trail Conservancy.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The majority of the trail is in forest or wild lands, although some portions traverse towns, roads and farms.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ It passes through 14 states: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Miss Adventure __knowledge__ Miss Adventure is a fictional character whose adventures (and misadventures) appear in the American supermarket tabloid the \"Weekly World News\".", "Miss Adventure __knowledge__ He is a gay man and worked as a hairdresser in his hometown of Teaneck, New Jersey.", "Miss Adventure __knowledge__ Miss Adventure has climbed Mount Everest in mink and high heels (\"The mountain was gorgeous, the snowmen abominable\"), journeyed to the center of the earth (\"When I go down, honey, I go down\"), shot off in a space shuttle (\"I'd wish they'd find another way to describe that\"), infiltrated the Mafia (\"The FBI has a noble drag queen tradition\"), discovered the Lost City of Atlantis (\"Not much different from a trailer park, really\"), traveled out West (\"When they call a guy a cowpoke they really mean it\"), and survived an overturned cruise ship (\"Trust me, it's not the first time I've seen that many sailors with their legs in the air\").", "We (novel) __knowledge__ We () is a dystopian novel by Russian writer Yevgeny Zamyatin, completed in 1921.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ The novel was first published in 1924 by E. P. Dutton in New York in an English translation by Gregory Zilboorg.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ The novel describes a world of harmony and conformity within a united totalitarian state.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ \"We\" is set in the future.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ D-503, a spacecraft engineer, lives in the One State, an urban nation constructed almost entirely of glass, which assists mass surveillance.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ The structure of the state is Panopticon-like, and life is scientifically managed F. W. Taylor-style.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ People march in step with each other and are uniformed.", "One-state solution __knowledge__ The one-state solution and the similar binational solution are proposed approaches to resolving the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.", "One-state solution __knowledge__ Proponents of a binational solution to the conflict advocate a single state in Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, with citizenship and equal rights in the combined entity for all inhabitants of all three territories, without regard to ethnicity or religion.", "One-state solution __knowledge__ While some advocate this solution for ideological reasons, others feel simply that, due to the reality on the ground, it is the de facto situation.", "One-state solution __knowledge__ Though increasingly debated in academic circles, this approach has remained outside the range of official efforts to resolve the conflict as well as mainstream analysis, where it is eclipsed by the two-state solution.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "All Too Well __knowledge__ \"All Too Well\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "All Too Well __knowledge__ It was written by Swift and Liz Rose.", "All Too Well __knowledge__ It appears on Swift's fourth studio album, \"Red\" (2012).", "All Too Well __knowledge__ The song received universal acclaim from music critics and was performed at the 2014 Grammy Awards.", "All Too Well __knowledge__ \"All Too Well\" was the first song Swift wrote for her album \"Red\".", "All Too Well __knowledge__ While collaborating with different writers on \"Red\", Swift wrote the song along with Liz Rose, with whom she had written many songs on her earlier albums.", "All Too Well __knowledge__ Rose has said that Swift unexpectedly asked her to help write the song as a one-off project after not having collaborated with Swift for some years.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "2009 flu pandemic timeline __knowledge__ This article covers the chronology of the 2009 novel influenza A (H1N1) pandemic.", "2009 flu pandemic timeline __knowledge__ Flag icons denote the first announcements of confirmed cases by the respective nation-states, their first deaths (and other major events such as their first intergenerational cases, cases of zoonosis, and the start of national vaccination campaigns), and relevant sessions and announcements of the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Union (and its agency the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC).", "2009 flu pandemic timeline __knowledge__ Unless otherwise noted, references to terms like S-OIV, H1N1 and such, all refer to this new A(H1N1) strain and not to sundry other strains of H1N1 which are endemic in humans, birds and pigs.", "List of county roads in Le Sueur County, Minnesota __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of county-maintained roads in Le Sueur County, Minnesota, United States.", "List of county roads in Le Sueur County, Minnesota __knowledge__ County Road 1 runs along the Le Sueur and Rice County line.", "List of county roads in Le Sueur County, Minnesota __knowledge__ Le Sueur Avenue (Rice County Road 12) becomes Le Sueur County Road 1, heads north for , and terminates at Dodd Road (CR 2).", "List of county roads in Le Sueur County, Minnesota __knowledge__ County Road 2 runs west as a continuation of Dodd Road (Rice County Road 10), through Kilkenny, and after crossing State Highway 13 (MN 13), continues west on 440th Street.", "List of county roads in Le Sueur County, Minnesota __knowledge__ At 201st Avenue, County Road 2 heads north on 201st Avenue, until it becomes Dodd Road, briefly runs concurrently with County Road 11, then heads west-southwest to Cleveland, where it terminates at 10th Street South (CR 15).", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Toro Negro State Forest (Spanish: \"Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro\") is one of the 21 forests that make up the public forests system in Puerto Rico.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ It is also Puerto Rico's highest cloud forest.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ It is located in the Cordillera Central region of the island and covers , of mountains.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Toro Negro's mountains have heights reaching up to and include Cerro de Punta, Cerro Jayuya and Cerro Rosa, the three highest peaks in the island.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Nested among these mountains is Lake Guineo, the island's highest lake.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ The forest has of trails, an observation tower, two natural swimming pools (Spanish:\"\"charcos\"\"), camping and picnic areas, nine rivers, and numerous creeks and waterfalls.", "Australian gold rushes __knowledge__ During the Australian gold rushes, significant numbers of workers (both from other areas within Australia and from overseas) relocated to areas in which gold had been discovered.", "Australian gold rushes __knowledge__ A number of gold finds occurred in Australia prior to 1851, but only the gold found from 1851 onwards created gold rushes.", "Australian gold rushes __knowledge__ This is mainly because, prior to 1851, the colonial government of New South Wales (Victoria did not become a separate colony until 1 July 1851) had suppressed news of gold finds which it believed would reduce the workforce and destabilise the economy.", "Australian gold rushes __knowledge__ After the California gold rush began in 1848, which caused many people to leave Australia for California to look for gold there, the New South Wales government rethought its position, and sought approval from the Colonial Office in England to allow the exploitation of the mineral resources and also offered rewards for the finding of payable gold.", "Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas contributions to the Indian railways __knowledge__ The Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas (KGK) contributions to the Indian railways were widespread from the late 1850s to the latest reorganization of the Indian Railways infrastructure in 2003–2006.", "Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas contributions to the Indian railways __knowledge__ The community also widely known as Mistris of Kutch (or Mistry) migrated from Kutch to perform the work and were involved in the laying down of railway tracks and construction of rail bridges in almost all railway routes of undivided British India.", "Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas contributions to the Indian railways __knowledge__ The Mistris of Kutch or KGK are a small ethnic community numbering only 50,000 originating from their 19 villages in Kutch founded by them in the 11th century.", "Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas contributions to the Indian railways __knowledge__ The names of these villages are Anjar, Chandiya, Devaliya, Galpadar, Hajapar, Jambudi, Khambhra, Khedoi, Kukma, Kumbharia Lovariya, Madhapar, Meghpar, Nagalpar, Nagor, Ratnal, Reha, Sinugra and Vidi.", "Nyasaland __knowledge__ Nyasaland, or the Nyasaland Protectorate ( or ), was a British Protectorate located in Africa, which was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name.", "Nyasaland __knowledge__ Between 1953 and 1963, Nyasaland was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.", "Nyasaland __knowledge__ After the Federation was dissolved, Nyasaland became independent from Britain on 6 July 1964 and was renamed Malawi.", "Nyasaland __knowledge__ Nyasaland's history was marked by the massive loss of African communal lands in the early colonial period.", "Nyasaland __knowledge__ In January 1915, the Reverend John Chilembwe staged an attempt at rebellion in protest at discrimination against Africans, which prompted some re-assessment of their policies by colonial authorities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail itself was completed in 1937 after more than a decade of work, although improvements and changes continue.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ It is maintained by 31 trail clubs and multiple partnerships, and managed by the National Park Service, United States Forest Service, and the nonprofit Appalachian Trail Conservancy.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The majority of the trail is in forest or wild lands, although some portions traverse towns, roads and farms.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ It passes through 14 states: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ \"You (Ha Ha Ha)\" is a song by British singer and songwriter Charli XCX taken from her major label debut studio album, \"True Romance\" (2013).", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's 4th single in February 2013, along with several remixes.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ A music video for the song was released on YouTube on 10 January 2013.", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ \"You (Ha Ha Ha) relies heavily on a sample of Gold Panda's single \"You\".", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ The sample provides \"psychedelic loops\" to the track, that contains \"maddening trance and haunted-house echoes\" and\"aural flourishes\".", "You (Ha Ha Ha) __knowledge__ The sound of the single has been described as a \"combination of UK electro and saccharine vocals\".", "Chapeltoun __knowledge__ Chapeltoun is an estate on the banks of the Annick Water in East Ayrshire, Scotland.", "Chapeltoun __knowledge__ This is a rural area famous for its milk and cheese production and the Ayrshire or Dunlop breed of cattle.", "Chapeltoun __knowledge__ The feudal allocation of tenements to the vassals of the overlord, such as Hugh de Morville, was carried out very carefully, with the boundaries being walked and carefully recorded.", "Chapeltoun __knowledge__ The term 'ton' at this time was added to the site of the dwelling house, not necessarily a grand stone-built structure, which was bounded by a wall or fence.", "Chapeltoun __knowledge__ The tenements were held in a military tenure, the land being in exchange for military assistance to the overlord.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 119th overall season, 80th as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 22nd within the SEC Western Division.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his seventh year, and played its home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2013 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of eleven wins and two losses (11–2 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and with a loss in the 2014 Sugar Bowl to Oklahoma.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ Ha Ha Tonka, formerly known as Amsterband (they officially changed their name on May 13, 2007), are a band originally formed in West Plains, Missouri and currently signed to Bloodshot Records out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ The band is named after Ha Ha Tonka State Park in Camdenton, Missouri.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ After signing to Bloodshot Records, \"Buckle in the Bible Belt\" was released on September 11, 2007.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ \"St. Nick on the Fourth in a Fervor\" released as the first single from that album.", "Ha Ha Tonka (band) __knowledge__ The band's website says that their \"dark view of the realities of socio-economic hardship, backwoods prejudices and drug abuse is leavened by wry humor and a deep appreciation for regional storytelling traditions.\"", "Unseen University __knowledge__ The Unseen University (UU) is a school of wizardry in Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series of fantasy novels.", "Unseen University __knowledge__ Located in the fictional city of Ankh-Morpork, the UU is staffed by a faculty composed of mostly indolent and inept old wizards.", "Unseen University __knowledge__ The university's name is a pun on the Invisible College.", "Unseen University __knowledge__ The exploits of the head wizards of the Unseen University are one of the main plot threads in the long-running fantasy series, and have played a central role in 13 novels to date, as well as the four supplementary \"Science of Discworld\" novels and the short story, \"A Collegiate Casting-Out of Devilish Devices\".", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game is the 37th book in the \"Hank the Cowdog\" series The case starts on a subplot in the evening when Loper comes home from ranch work early to cook dinner for his family.", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Pete the cat has convinced Hank that he should enter the yard and try Pete's cat food.", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ Hank enters the yard, but is quickly distracted by the smell of the steaks that Loper is cooking on the barbecue grill.", "The Case of the Deadly Ha-Ha Game __knowledge__ He, Drover and Pete get into a tugging match in the yard with one of the steaks, and are saved only when Little Alfred comes along, takes it back, and throws them all out of the yard, then puts the steak back with the others.", "Ego (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Ego\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for the deluxe edition of her third studio album, \"I Am... Sasha Fierce\" (2008).", "Ego (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was composed by Elvis Williams, Harold Lilly, and Beyoncé.", "Ego (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Ego\" was officially remixed with additional vocals from hip hop artist, Kanye West.", "Ego (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Initially planned to be released in January 2009 as the second urban single in the US along with the fourth US and third international single \"Halo\", the release of \"Ego\" was canceled and replaced by \"Diva\".", "Ego (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Ego\" was later serviced as the third urban single, and fifth overall single in the US on May 19, 2009 alongside the sixth US and fourth international single \"Sweet Dreams\".", "Springer Mountain __knowledge__ Springer Mountain is a mountain located in the Chattahoochee National Forest on the border of Fannin and Gilmer counties.", "Springer Mountain __knowledge__ Located in the Blue Ridge Mountains in northern Georgia, the mountain has an elevation of about .", "Springer Mountain __knowledge__ Springer Mountain serves as the southern termini for the Appalachian and Benton MacKaye trails.", "Springer Mountain __knowledge__ The origin of the name of Springer Mountain is unclear.", "Springer Mountain __knowledge__ One possible origin was that it was named in honor of William G. Springer, an early settler appointed in 1833 by Governor Wilson Lumpkin to implement legislation to improve conditions for the Indians.", "Springer Mountain __knowledge__ Another possibility was that Springer Mountain was named for the first Presbyterian minister to be ordained in Georgia, John Springer, who was ordained in 1790.", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ Mount Katahdin (pronounced , \"\") is the highest mountain in the U.S. state of Maine at .", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ Named Katahdin by the Penobscot Indians, which means \"The Greatest Mountain\", the mountain is located within Northeast Piscataquis, Piscataquis County, and is the centerpiece of Baxter State Park.", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ It is a steep, tall mountain formed from a granite intrusion weathered to the surface.", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ The flora and fauna on the mountain are typical of those found in northern New England.", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ Katahdin was known to the Native Americans in the region, and was known to Europeans at least since 1689.", "Mount Katahdin __knowledge__ It has inspired hikes, climbs, journal narratives, paintings, and a piano sonata.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachian Mountains (; ), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ They once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before naturally occurring erosion.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel, as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to most roads running east or west.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The United States Geological Survey (USGS) defines the \"Appalachian Highlands\" physiographic division as consisting of thirteen provinces: the Atlantic Coast Uplands, Eastern Newfoundland Atlantic, Maritime Acadian Highlands, Maritime Plain, Notre Dame and Mégantic Mountains, Western Newfoundland Mountains, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, Saint Lawrence Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, New England province, and the Adirondack provinces.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ Mount Oglethorpe is a mountain located in Pickens County, Georgia.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ The southernmost peak in the Blue Ridge Mountains, the mountain has an elevation of , making it the highest point in Pickens County.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ Mount Oglethorpe served as the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail from when the trail was completed in 1937 until 1958.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ In 1958, as a result of over development around Mount Oglethorpe, the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail was moved about to the northeast to Springer Mountain.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ Mount Oglethorpe is located in eastern Pickens County, near the border with Dawson County.", "Mount Oglethorpe __knowledge__ The mountain is located about east of Jasper, west of Dawsonville and about north of Nelson.", "Scouting in Maine __knowledge__ Scouting in Maine dates back to the creation of the Katahdin Area Council in 1920 and has continued prominently to the present day.", "Scouting in Maine __knowledge__ Boy Scouting started early in Maine, with two local councils in operation by February 1915.", "Scouting in Maine __knowledge__ The first second class council was in operation by 1916, and by 1917 three second class councils existed, in Auburn, Bath and Saco.", "Scouting in Maine __knowledge__ South Portland Council began in 1918, as did Waterville Council, but that council apparently only existed for a year.", "Scouting in Maine __knowledge__ Bangor, Old Town and Portland Councils were begun in 1919 in those localities, while in that same year Auburn, Bath and Saco's councils all ceased to exist." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail itself was completed in 1937 after more than a decade of work, although improvements and changes continue.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ It is maintained by 31 trail clubs and multiple partnerships, and managed by the National Park Service, United States Forest Service, and the nonprofit Appalachian Trail Conservancy.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The majority of the trail is in forest or wild lands, although some portions traverse towns, roads and farms.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ It passes through 14 states: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to self-disclosure: breadth and depth.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Both are crucial in developing a fully intimate relationship.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The range of topics discussed by two individuals is the breadth of disclosure.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The degree to which the information revealed is private or personal is the depth of that disclosure.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ It is also an area of study and research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish a number of personal and relational goals.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ Generally, interpersonal communication research has contributed to at least six distinct categories of inquiry: 1) how humans adjust and adapt their verbal and nonverbal communication during face-to-face communication, 2) the processes of message production, 3) how uncertainty influences our behavior and information-management strategies, 4) deceptive communication, 5) relational dialectics, and 6) social interaction that is mediated by technology.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Historically, an armourer is a person who makes personal armour, especially plate armour.", "Armourer __knowledge__ In modern terms, an armourer is a member of a military or police force who works in an armoury and maintains and repairs small arms and weapons systems, with some duties resembling those of a civilian gunsmith.", "Armourer __knowledge__ With the renewed interest in traditional armour and weaponry, the occupation also involves working with film, stage, and historical and reenactment societies.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Period costumes may require reproduction armour, swords, and related equipment.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Armourers are the oldest trade in the British Army and trace their heritage back several centuries.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Homelessness in the United States is a social crisis.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ The different states within the United States have varying homeless populations.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Although throughout the United States panhandling is discouraged, passive panhandling falls under First Amendment rights to free speech.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ In Alabama the prohibition of aggressive panhandling and regulation of passive panhandling is controlled by individual cities, with many panhandlers being charged with loitering offences.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Loitering for the purposes of begging and prostitution in Alabama is a criminal offense.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ An issue for Alabamans is the proportion of panhandlers defined as vagrants, who contrary to their implications, are not homeless but accept the generosity of the community under this false pretence.", "Status dynamic psychotherapy __knowledge__ Status dynamic psychotherapy (SDT) is an approach to psychotherapy that was created by Peter G. Ossorio at the University of Colorado in the late 1960s as part of a larger system known as \"descriptive psychology\".", "Status dynamic psychotherapy __knowledge__ Its distinguishing characteristic is that it does not focus on the factors traditionally targeted by psychotherapy such as the client’s behaviors, cognitions, insight into unconscious factors, and patterns of interaction with significant others.", "Status dynamic psychotherapy __knowledge__ Instead, it focuses on bringing about changes in clients’ statuses; i.e., the positions that they occupy in relation to everything in their worlds, including themselves and aspects of themselves.", "If I Needed Someone __knowledge__ \"If I Needed Someone\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by George Harrison.", "If I Needed Someone __knowledge__ It was released in December 1965 on their album \"Rubber Soul\", except for in North America, where it appeared on the 1966 release \"Yesterday and Today\".", "If I Needed Someone __knowledge__ The song reflects Harrison's nascent interest in Indian classical music and, through its folk rock styling and use of Rickenbacker twelve-string electric guitar, it serves as an example of the influences exchanged between the Beatles and the American group the Byrds during the mid 1960s.", "If I Needed Someone __knowledge__ A recording by the Hollies was issued in Britain on the same day as \"Rubber Soul\" and peaked at number 20 on the national singles chart.", "English trust law __knowledge__ English trust law concerns the creation and protection of asset funds, which are usually held by one party for another's benefit.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Trusts were a creation of the English law of property and obligations, but also share a history with countries across the Commonwealth and the United States.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Trusts developed when claimants in property disputes were dissatisfied with the common law courts and petitioned the King for a just and equitable result.", "English trust law __knowledge__ On the King's behalf, the Lord Chancellor developed a parallel justice system in the Court of Chancery.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Historically, trusts were mostly used where people left money in a will, created family settlements, created charities, or some types of business venture.", "Gulf Hagas __knowledge__ Gulf Hagas is a gorge located in the mountains of central Maine and is often referred to as the Grand Canyon of the East.", "Gulf Hagas __knowledge__ The West Branch of the Pleasant River cuts through the earth for three miles creating a vertically walled slate gorge with numerous waterfalls.", "Gulf Hagas __knowledge__ A trail follows the rim of the canyon offering hikers views of the falls and its geology.", "Gulf Hagas __knowledge__ The gorge is long; the river drops in this distance boasting walls.", "Gulf Hagas __knowledge__ Gulf Hagas is one of 14 National Natural Landmarks in the State of Maine, and is open to the public for a fee during the regular season.", "Gulf Hagas __knowledge__ Gulf Hagas is part of the Appalachian Trail (AT) Corridor.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail (commonly abbreviated as the PCT, and officially designated as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance hiking and equestrian trail closely aligned with the highest portion of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges, which lie east of the U.S. Pacific coast.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The trail's southern terminus is on the U.S. border with Mexico, just south of Campo, California, and its northern terminus on the Canada–US border on the edge of Manning Park in British Columbia; its corridor through the U.S. is in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail is long and ranges in elevation from just above sea level at the Oregon–Washington border to at Forester Pass in the Sierra Nevada.", "Manoa Falls Trail __knowledge__ Mānoa Falls Trail is a 1.6 mile trail on the island of Oahu in Hawaii.", "Manoa Falls Trail __knowledge__ The trail is a part of the Honolulu Makau Trail System, and leads to a popular 150 foot waterfall called Manoa Falls.", "Manoa Falls Trail __knowledge__ Hiking the trail is approximately a one-hour round trip.", "Manoa Falls Trail __knowledge__ Many tourists are attracted to the waterfall and scenery throughout the trail.", "Manoa Falls Trail __knowledge__ The trails have a history as one of the earlier Hawaiian trails.", "Manoa Falls Trail __knowledge__ There are many legends of the Night Marchers, or ancient Hawaiian warriors associated with Manoa Falls.", "Manoa Falls Trail __knowledge__ Scenes in movies such as Jurassic Park and Catching Fire were filmed at Manoa Falls.", "Manoa Falls Trail __knowledge__ The Manoa Falls trail harbors many native Hawaiian plant species and tropical birds as well.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ Started in 1994, the East Coast Trail is a long-distance footpath located in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ It is over of developed trail that is made up of 26 wilderness paths and intersect more than 30 communities.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ It was named one of the best adventure destinations by National Geographic in 2012 and grows and improves every year.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ Maintained by the East Coast Trail Association and located primarily on public lands, the trail traces the east coast of Newfoundland along the Atlantic Ocean.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ The trail passes through many small coastal towns nested in the bays of the Avalon Peninsula.", "Bridge to Nowhere (San Gabriel Mountains) __knowledge__ The Bridge to Nowhere is an arch bridge that was built in 1936 north of Azusa, California in the San Gabriel Mountains.", "Bridge to Nowhere (San Gabriel Mountains) __knowledge__ It spans the East Fork of the San Gabriel River and was meant to be part of a road connecting the San Gabriel Valley with Wrightwood.", "Bridge to Nowhere (San Gabriel Mountains) __knowledge__ The East Fork Road was still under construction when it was washed out during the great flood of March 1–2, 1938.", "Bridge to Nowhere (San Gabriel Mountains) __knowledge__ The East Fork Road project was abandoned as a result of the floods, leaving the bridge forever stranded in the middle of what is now the Sheep Mountain Wilderness.", "Bridge to Nowhere (San Gabriel Mountains) __knowledge__ Parts of the old asphalt roadway can still be found along the East Fork Trail which leads to the bridge, and there are still a number of concrete slabs which formed the foundations of destroyed bridges to the west of the Bridge to Nowhere.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Toro Negro State Forest (Spanish: \"Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro\") is one of the 21 forests that make up the public forests system in Puerto Rico.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ It is also Puerto Rico's highest cloud forest.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ It is located in the Cordillera Central region of the island and covers , of mountains.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Toro Negro's mountains have heights reaching up to and include Cerro de Punta, Cerro Jayuya and Cerro Rosa, the three highest peaks in the island.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ Nested among these mountains is Lake Guineo, the island's highest lake.", "Toro Negro State Forest __knowledge__ The forest has of trails, an observation tower, two natural swimming pools (Spanish:\"\"charcos\"\"), camping and picnic areas, nine rivers, and numerous creeks and waterfalls." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail itself was completed in 1937 after more than a decade of work, although improvements and changes continue.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ It is maintained by 31 trail clubs and multiple partnerships, and managed by the National Park Service, United States Forest Service, and the nonprofit Appalachian Trail Conservancy.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The majority of the trail is in forest or wild lands, although some portions traverse towns, roads and farms.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ It passes through 14 states: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Dietary biology of the golden eagle __knowledge__ The golden eagle (\"Aquila chrysaetos\") is one of the most powerful predators in the avian world.", "Dietary biology of the golden eagle __knowledge__ One author described it as \"the pre-eminent diurnal predator of medium-sized birds and mammals in open country throughout the Northern Hemisphere\".", "Dietary biology of the golden eagle __knowledge__ Golden eagles usually hunt during daylight hours, but were recorded hunting from one hour before sunrise to one hour after sunset during the breeding season through their whole range.", "Dietary biology of the golden eagle __knowledge__ The hunting success rate of golden eagles was calculated in Idaho, showing that, out of 115 hunting attempts, 20% were successful in procuring prey.", "Dietary biology of the golden eagle __knowledge__ A fully-grown golden eagle requires about of food per day.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\") is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ It is one of the most common members within the genus of \"Buteo\" in North America or worldwide.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the \"chickenhawk,\" though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ Red-tailed hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within their range, occurring on the edges of non-ideal habitats such as dense forests and sandy deserts.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear (\"Ursus arctos\") is the most widely distributed bear and is found across much of northern Eurasia and North America.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ It is one of the largest living terrestrial members of the order Carnivora, rivaled in body size only by its close cousin, the polar bear (\"Ursus maritimus\"), which is much less variable in size and slightly larger on average.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear's principal range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States (mostly Alaska), Scandinavia, and the Carpathian region (especially Romania), Anatolia, and Caucasus.", "Brown bear __knowledge__ The brown bear is recognized as a national and state animal in several European countries.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "American black bear __knowledge__ The American black bear (\"Ursus americanus\") is a medium-sized bear native to North America.", "American black bear __knowledge__ It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species.", "American black bear __knowledge__ Black bears are omnivores, with their diets varying greatly depending on season and location.", "American black bear __knowledge__ They typically live in largely forested areas, but do leave forests in search of food.", "American black bear __knowledge__ Sometimes they become attracted to human communities because of the immediate availability of food.", "American black bear __knowledge__ The American black bear is the world's most common bear species.", "American black bear __knowledge__ It is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a least-concern species, due to its widespread distribution and a large population estimated to be twice that of all other bear species combined.", "National Park Service __knowledge__ The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.", "National Park Service __knowledge__ It was created on August 25, 1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior.", "National Park Service __knowledge__ The NPS is charged with a dual role of preserving the ecological and historical integrity of the places entrusted to its management, while also making them available and accessible for public use and enjoyment.", "National Park Service __knowledge__ , the NPS employs approximately 27,000 employees who oversee units, of which 59 are designated national parks.", "United States Forest Service __knowledge__ The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands, which encompass .", "United States Forest Service __knowledge__ Major divisions of the agency include the National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Business Operations, and the Research and Development branch.", "United States Forest Service __knowledge__ Managing approximately 25% of federal lands, it is the only major national land agency that is outside the U.S. Department of the Interior.", "United States Forest Service __knowledge__ The concept of the National Forests was born from Theodore Roosevelt’s conservation group, Boone and Crockett Club, due to concerns regarding Yellowstone National Park beginning as early as 1875.", "History of the National Park Service __knowledge__ Since 1872 the United States National Park System has grown from a single, public reservation called Yellowstone National Park to embrace over 450 natural, historical, recreational, and cultural areas throughout the United States, its territories, and island possessions.", "History of the National Park Service __knowledge__ These areas include a diverse varieties of areas —National Parks, National Monuments, National Memorials, National Military Parks, National Historic Sites, National Parkways, National Recreation Areas, National Seashores, National Scenic Riverways, National Scenic Trails, and others.", "History of the National Park Service __knowledge__ The national park idea has been credited to the artist George Catlin.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "Lassen National Forest __knowledge__ Lassen National Forest is a United States national forest of 1,700 square miles (4,300 km) in northeastern California.", "Lassen National Forest __knowledge__ It is named after pioneer Peter Lassen, who mined, ranched and promoted the area to emigrant parties in the 1850s.", "Lassen National Forest __knowledge__ Animals that are typically found in this forest are black bear, raccoon, coyote, bobcat, fox, mule deer, skunk, marten, cougar, brown creeper, a variety of chipmunk species, mountain chickadee, a variety of squirrel species, white-headed woodpecker, weasel, a variety of mouse species, long-toed salamander, and a wide variety of bat species.", "Lassen National Forest __knowledge__ In 2017, three wolf pups were born in this forest.", "Fort Vancouver National Historic Site __knowledge__ Fort Vancouver National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located in the states of Washington and Oregon.", "Fort Vancouver National Historic Site __knowledge__ The National Historic Site consists of two units, one located on the site of Fort Vancouver in modern-day Vancouver, Washington; the other being the former residence of John McLoughlin in Oregon City, Oregon.", "Fort Vancouver National Historic Site __knowledge__ The two sites were separately given national historic designation in the 1940s.", "Fort Vancouver National Historic Site __knowledge__ The Fort Vancouver unit was designated a National Historic Site in 1961, and was combined with the McLoughlin House into a unit in 2003.", "Fort Vancouver National Historic Site __knowledge__ The visitor center at Fort Vancouver National Historic Site was originally built in 1966 as a part of the National Park Service's Mission 66 Program." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 4, 7, 8 ]

[ "Well the trail is estimated to be around 2,200 miles long!", "Well it is in the Eastern USA between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "I'm not sure but i know that more than 2 million people hike on the trail once a year!", "Yes! It is maintained by 31 trail clubs and managed by the National Park service, united states forest service!", "Well the majority of the trail is in forest or wild lands but some parts are in traverse towns." ]

[ "Appalachian Trail", "Appalachian Trail", "Appalachian Trail", "Appalachian Trail", "Appalachian Trail" ]

[ "Acura", "I also love Hondas. My last three cars have been Hondas: 1 Camry and 2 Pilots. Acura is a bit too luxurious for me. Do you prefer luxury models?", "Personally, I like the turning radius on Toyotas better than Hondas, but Hondas have many fewer recalls. I've never been in a Mercedes. Why do you prefer them?", "Yes, Toyota has had a few problems. I wasn't impressed with their ability to deal with the issues publicly. The U.S. roads really don't accommodate fast cars, though." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura is the luxury vehicle marque of Japanese automaker Honda.", "Acura __knowledge__ The brand was launched in the United States and Canada in March 1986, marketing luxury, performance, and high-performance vehicles.", "Acura __knowledge__ It was introduced to Hong Kong in 1991, Mexico in 2004, China in 2006, Russia in 2014 and Kuwait in 2015, and is also sold in Ukraine.", "Acura __knowledge__ Honda's plan to introduce Acura to the Japanese domestic market (JDM) in 2008 was delayed, due to economic reasons, and later withheld as a result of the 2008 financial crisis.", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura holds the distinction of being the first Japanese automotive luxury brand.", "Acura __knowledge__ The creation of Acura coincided with the introduction of a JDM Honda dealership sales channel, called Honda Clio, which sold luxury vehicles, joining previously established Honda Verno, followed by Honda Primo the following year.", "Acura __knowledge__ In its first few years of existence, Acura was among the best-selling luxury marques in the US.", "Acura __knowledge__ Though sales were down in the mid-to-late 1990s, the brand experienced a revival in the early 2000s, due to drastic redesigns and the introductions of new models.", "Acura __knowledge__ In the late 1980s, the success of the company's first flagship vehicle, the Legend, inspired fellow Japanese automakers Toyota and Nissan to launch their own luxury brands, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura is the luxury vehicle marque of Japanese automaker Honda.", "Acura __knowledge__ The brand was launched in the United States and Canada in March 1986, marketing luxury, performance, and high-performance vehicles.", "Acura __knowledge__ It was introduced to Hong Kong in 1991, Mexico in 2004, China in 2006, Russia in 2014 and Kuwait in 2015, and is also sold in Ukraine.", "Acura __knowledge__ Honda's plan to introduce Acura to the Japanese domestic market (JDM) in 2008 was delayed, due to economic reasons, and later withheld as a result of the 2008 financial crisis.", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura holds the distinction of being the first Japanese automotive luxury brand.", "Acura __knowledge__ The creation of Acura coincided with the introduction of a JDM Honda dealership sales channel, called Honda Clio, which sold luxury vehicles, joining previously established Honda Verno, followed by Honda Primo the following year.", "Acura __knowledge__ In its first few years of existence, Acura was among the best-selling luxury marques in the US.", "Acura __knowledge__ Though sales were down in the mid-to-late 1990s, the brand experienced a revival in the early 2000s, due to drastic redesigns and the introductions of new models.", "Acura __knowledge__ In the late 1980s, the success of the company's first flagship vehicle, the Legend, inspired fellow Japanese automakers Toyota and Nissan to launch their own luxury brands, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ Luxury vehicle is a marketing term for a vehicle that provides luxury — pleasant or desirable features beyond strict necessity — at increased expense.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ The term suggests a vehicle with higher quality equipment, better performance, more precise construction, comfort, higher design, technologically innovative modern, or features that convey an image, brand, status, or prestige, or any other 'discretionary' feature or combination of them.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ The term is also broad, highly variable and relative.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ It is a perceptual, conditional and subjective attribute that may be comprehended differently by different people; \"What is a luxury car to some... may be 'ordinary' to others.\"", "Toyota Camry __knowledge__ The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ \"Toyota Kamuri\") is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations.", "Toyota Camry __knowledge__ Originally compact in size (narrow-body), later Camry models have grown to fit the mid-size classification (wide-body)—although the two sizes co-existed in the 1990s.", "Toyota Camry __knowledge__ Since the release of the wide-bodied versions, Camry has been extolled by Toyota as the firm's second \"world car\" after the Corolla.", "Toyota Camry __knowledge__ In Japan, Camry is exclusive to \"Toyota Corolla Store\" retail dealerships.", "Toyota Camry __knowledge__ Narrow-body cars also spawned a rebadged sibling in Japan, the Toyota Vista (トヨタ・ビスタ)—also introduced in 1982 and sold at \"Toyota Vista Store\" locations.", "Acura RL __knowledge__ The Acura RL is a full-size luxury sedan that was manufactured by the Acura division of Honda for the 1996–2012 model years over two generations.", "Acura RL __knowledge__ The RL was the flagship of the marque, having succeeded the Acura Legend, and was replaced in 2013 by the Acura RLX.", "Acura RL __knowledge__ All models of the Legend, RL and RLX lines have been adapted from the Japanese domestic market Honda Legend.", "Acura RL __knowledge__ The model name \"RL\" is an abbreviation for \"Refined Luxury.\"", "Acura RL __knowledge__ The first-generation Acura RL was a rebadged version of the third-generation Honda Legend, and was first introduced to the North American market in 1996, to replace the second-generation Acura Legend.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ The Toyota Camry (XV40) is a mid-size car that was produced by Toyota from January 2006 to July 2011.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ Replacing the XV30 series, the XV40 represented the sixth generation of the Toyota Camry in all markets outside Japan, which followed a different generational lineage.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ Between 2006 and 2010, a badged engineered model called Daihatsu Altis sold alongside the Camry in Japan.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ Toyota replaced the XV40 series in 2011 with the XV50.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ Introduced at the January 2006 North American International Auto Show, the XV40 made its North American sales debut in March 2006 as a 2007 model.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ For the first time, a gasoline/electric hybrid version of Camry was offered in addition to the naturally aspirated four- and six-cylinder engines.", "Toyota Camry (XV10) __knowledge__ The Toyota Camry (XV10) is a mid-size car that was produced by Toyota between 1991 and 1996 in Japan and North America, and 1993 and 1997 in Australia.", "Toyota Camry (XV10) __knowledge__ The XV10 series represented the third generation of the Toyota Camry in all markets outside Japan, which followed a different generational lineage.", "Toyota Camry (XV10) __knowledge__ The XV10 Camry range is split into different model codes indicative of the engine.", "Toyota Camry (XV10) __knowledge__ Four-cylinder models utilize the SXV10/SDV10 codes, with VCV10 designating the six-cylinder versions, and MCV10 the later six-cylinder cars in North America only.", "Toyota Camry (XV10) __knowledge__ In its home market of Japan, the XV10 Camry iteration was known as the Toyota Scepter.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The Honda Legend is a V6-engined full-size car produced by the Japanese automaker Honda since 1985 that currently serves as its flagship vehicle and provides the basis for the Acura Legend, RL and RLX the flagship vehicle of Honda's luxury Acura division in North America.", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The first-generation Legend, introduced to Japan October 22, 1985, was the first production Honda vehicle to offer only a SOHC V6 engine worldwide.", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The introduction of the Legend also coincided with the launch of a new dealership sales channel in Japan, called \"Honda Clio\".", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The Legend was the result of a joint venture with Britain's Austin Rover Group called Project XX that started in November 1981 with the Austin Rover-Honda XX letter of intent signed by the two companies to replace the Rover SD1 and to provide a luxury vehicle for Honda, and was codenamed as HX.", "Acura TL __knowledge__ The Acura TL is a mid-size luxury car that was manufactured by Acura.", "Acura TL __knowledge__ It was introduced in 1995 to replace the Acura Vigor and was badged for the Japanese-market from 1996 to 2000 as the Honda Inspire and from 1996 to 2004 as the Honda Saber.", "Acura TL __knowledge__ The TL was Acura's best-selling model until it was outsold by the MDX in 2007.", "Acura TL __knowledge__ While it once ranked as the second best-selling luxury sedan in the United States behind the BMW 3 Series, sales have decreased by over 50% since then.", "Acura TL __knowledge__ TL sales have been negatively affected by both the recession as well as negative publicity due to styling issues in the latest generation.", "SH-AWD __knowledge__ Super Handling-All Wheel Drive or SH-AWD is a full-time, fully automatic all-wheel drive traction and handling system designed and engineered by Honda Motor Company.", "SH-AWD __knowledge__ The company describes SH-AWD as a system \"... that provides cornering performance that responds faithfully to driver input, and outstanding vehicle stability.", "SH-AWD __knowledge__ A world's second (after Mitsubishi AWC), the SH-AWD system combines front-rear torque distribution control with independently regulated torque distribution to the left and right rear wheels to freely distribute the optimum amount of torque to all four wheels in accordance with driving conditions.\"", "Honda Integra __knowledge__ The Honda Integra (sold in some markets as Acura Integra and Rover 416i) is an automobile produced by Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda from 1985 to 2006.", "Honda Integra __knowledge__ It succeeded the Honda Quint as the slightly larger derivative of the Civic and each generation of the Integra was derived from the contemporary generation of the Civic.", "Honda Integra __knowledge__ Being more luxurious and sports-oriented than the Quint, the Integra was one of the launch models for Acura in 1986, along with the Legend.", "Honda Integra __knowledge__ Throughout its life, the Integra was highly regarded for its handling and performance.", "Honda Integra __knowledge__ The Integra came in up to five trim levels; RS, LS, GS, GS-R and Type-R, depending on model year and market." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura is the luxury vehicle marque of Japanese automaker Honda.", "Acura __knowledge__ The brand was launched in the United States and Canada in March 1986, marketing luxury, performance, and high-performance vehicles.", "Acura __knowledge__ It was introduced to Hong Kong in 1991, Mexico in 2004, China in 2006, Russia in 2014 and Kuwait in 2015, and is also sold in Ukraine.", "Acura __knowledge__ Honda's plan to introduce Acura to the Japanese domestic market (JDM) in 2008 was delayed, due to economic reasons, and later withheld as a result of the 2008 financial crisis.", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura holds the distinction of being the first Japanese automotive luxury brand.", "Acura __knowledge__ The creation of Acura coincided with the introduction of a JDM Honda dealership sales channel, called Honda Clio, which sold luxury vehicles, joining previously established Honda Verno, followed by Honda Primo the following year.", "Acura __knowledge__ In its first few years of existence, Acura was among the best-selling luxury marques in the US.", "Acura __knowledge__ Though sales were down in the mid-to-late 1990s, the brand experienced a revival in the early 2000s, due to drastic redesigns and the introductions of new models.", "Acura __knowledge__ In the late 1980s, the success of the company's first flagship vehicle, the Legend, inspired fellow Japanese automakers Toyota and Nissan to launch their own luxury brands, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ The 1986 FIA Formula One World Championship was the 40th season of FIA Formula One motor racing.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ It featured the 1986 Formula One World Championship for Drivers and the 1986 Formula One World Championship for Manufacturers, both of which commenced on 23 March and ended on 26 October after sixteen races.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ The Drivers' Championship was won by Alain Prost, and the Manufacturers' Championship was won by Williams.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ Prost was the first driver to win back-to-back Drivers' Championships since Jack Brabham in 1959 and 1960.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ The 1986 championship culminated in a battle between Williams drivers Nigel Mansell and Nelson Piquet and McLaren driver Alain Prost at the final race, the Australian Grand Prix.", "Official state car __knowledge__ An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.", "Official state car __knowledge__ A few countries bring their own official state car for state visits to other countries, for instance, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom.", "Official state car __knowledge__ It also may serve as an automotive symbol of the head of state and their country.", "Official state car __knowledge__ Part of the criteria for an official state car is to have adequate security, capability and stateliness for its duty.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Three separate but related recalls of automobiles by Toyota Motor Corporation occurred at the end of 2009 and start of 2010.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Toyota initiated the recalls, the first two with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), after reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The first recall, on November 2, 2009, was to correct a possible incursion of an incorrect or out-of-place front driver's side floor mat into the foot pedal well, which can cause pedal entrapment.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The second recall, on January 21, 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mat incursion.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ This is a worked-through example showing the use of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a practical decision situation.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ See Analytic hierarchy process#Practical examples for context for this example.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ Teachers and users of the AHP know that the best way to understand it is to work through an example.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ The example below shows how a broad range of considerations can be managed through use of the analytic hierarchy process.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ The decision at hand requires a reasonably complex hierarchy to describe.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ It involves factors from the tangible and precisely measurable (purchase price, passenger capacity, cargo capacity), through the tangible but difficult to measure (maintenance costs, fuel costs, resale value) to the intangible and totally subjective (style).", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The automotive industry in New Zealand supplies a market which has always had one of the world's highest car ownership ratios.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The distributors of new cars are essentially the former owners of the assembly businesses.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ At the dealership level they have maintained their old retail chains in spite of the establishment of the many new independent businesses built since the 1980s by specialists in used imports from Japan.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ Toyota entered into direct competition with those used-import businesses refurbishing old Toyotas from Japan and selling them through their own dealers as a special line.", "Automotive industry in New Zealand __knowledge__ The nation's car fleet is accordingly somewhat older than in most developed countries.", "Turning radius __knowledge__ The turning radius or turning circle of a vehicle is the radius of the smallest circular turn (i.e.", "Turning radius __knowledge__ U-turn) that the vehicle is capable of making.", "Turning radius __knowledge__ The term \"turning radius\" is a technical term that has become popular automotive jargon.", "Turning radius __knowledge__ In the jargon sense, it is commonly used to mean the full diameter of the smallest circle, but in technical usage the turning radius still is used to denote the radius.", "Turning radius __knowledge__ The less ambiguous term \"turning circle\" avoids the mistaken jargon use of the word 'radius' .", "Turning radius __knowledge__ As an example, \"Motor Trend\" refers to a \"curb-to-curb turning circle\" of a 2008 Cadillac CTS as .", "Turning radius __knowledge__ But the terminology is not yet settled.", "Mercedes-Benz CLR __knowledge__ The Mercedes-Benz CLR was a set of racing cars developed for Mercedes-Benz through a collaboration with in-house tuning division Mercedes-AMG and motorsports specialists HWA GmbH.", "Mercedes-Benz CLR __knowledge__ Designed to meet Le Mans Grand Touring Prototype (LMGTP) regulations, the CLRs were intended to compete in sports car events during 1999, most notably at the 24 Hours of Le Mans which Mercedes had last won in .", "Mercedes-Benz CLR __knowledge__ It was the third in a series of sports cars raced by Mercedes, following the CLK GTRs and CLK LMs that had debuted in 1997 and 1998 respectively.", "Mercedes-Benz CLR __knowledge__ Like its predecessors the CLR retained elements of Mercedes-Benz's production cars, including a V8 engine loosely based on a design used in some models as well as bodywork based on the CLK and CL-Classes.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus originated from a corporate project to develop a new premium sedan, code-named F1, which began in 1983 and culminated in the launch of the Lexus LS in 1989.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Subsequently, the division added sedan, coupé, convertible and SUV models.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus did not exist as a brand in its home market until 2005, and all vehicles marketed internationally as Lexus from 1989 to 2005 were released in Japan under the Toyota marque and an equivalent model name.", "Lexus __knowledge__ In 2005, a hybrid version of the RX crossover debuted and additional hybrid models later joined the division's lineup.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus launched its own F marque performance division in 2007 with the debut of the IS F sport sedan, followed by the LFA supercar in 2009.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ Luxury vehicle is a marketing term for a vehicle that provides luxury — pleasant or desirable features beyond strict necessity — at increased expense.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ The term suggests a vehicle with higher quality equipment, better performance, more precise construction, comfort, higher design, technologically innovative modern, or features that convey an image, brand, status, or prestige, or any other 'discretionary' feature or combination of them.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ The term is also broad, highly variable and relative.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ It is a perceptual, conditional and subjective attribute that may be comprehended differently by different people; \"What is a luxury car to some... may be 'ordinary' to others.\"", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ The Lexus LS (Japanese: レクサス・LS, \"Rekusasu LS\") is a full-size luxury car (F-segment in Europe) serving as the flagship model of Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ For the first four generations, all LS models featured V8 engines and were predominantly rear-wheel-drive, with Lexus also offering all-wheel-drive, hybrid, and long-wheelbase variants.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ The fifth generation changed to using a V6 engine with no V8 option, and the long wheelbase variant was removed entirely.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ As the first model developed by Lexus, the LS 400 debuted in January 1989 with the second generation debuting in November 1994." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura is the luxury vehicle marque of Japanese automaker Honda.", "Acura __knowledge__ The brand was launched in the United States and Canada in March 1986, marketing luxury, performance, and high-performance vehicles.", "Acura __knowledge__ It was introduced to Hong Kong in 1991, Mexico in 2004, China in 2006, Russia in 2014 and Kuwait in 2015, and is also sold in Ukraine.", "Acura __knowledge__ Honda's plan to introduce Acura to the Japanese domestic market (JDM) in 2008 was delayed, due to economic reasons, and later withheld as a result of the 2008 financial crisis.", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura holds the distinction of being the first Japanese automotive luxury brand.", "Acura __knowledge__ The creation of Acura coincided with the introduction of a JDM Honda dealership sales channel, called Honda Clio, which sold luxury vehicles, joining previously established Honda Verno, followed by Honda Primo the following year.", "Acura __knowledge__ In its first few years of existence, Acura was among the best-selling luxury marques in the US.", "Acura __knowledge__ Though sales were down in the mid-to-late 1990s, the brand experienced a revival in the early 2000s, due to drastic redesigns and the introductions of new models.", "Acura __knowledge__ In the late 1980s, the success of the company's first flagship vehicle, the Legend, inspired fellow Japanese automakers Toyota and Nissan to launch their own luxury brands, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively.", "Economy car __knowledge__ An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost purchase and operation.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Typical economy cars are small (compact or subcompact), lightweight, and inexpensive to buy.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Economy car designers are forced by stringent design constraints to be inventive.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Many innovations in automobile design were originally developed for economy cars, such as the Ford Model T and the Austin Mini.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Gordon Murray, the Formula 1 and Mclaren F1 designer, said when designing his new Murray T.25 city car: \"I would say that building a car to sell for six thousand pounds and designing that for a high-volume production, where you have all the quality issues under control, is a hundred times more difficult than designing a Mclaren F1, or even a racing car.", "Official state car __knowledge__ An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.", "Official state car __knowledge__ A few countries bring their own official state car for state visits to other countries, for instance, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom.", "Official state car __knowledge__ It also may serve as an automotive symbol of the head of state and their country.", "Official state car __knowledge__ Part of the criteria for an official state car is to have adequate security, capability and stateliness for its duty.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Three separate but related recalls of automobiles by Toyota Motor Corporation occurred at the end of 2009 and start of 2010.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ Toyota initiated the recalls, the first two with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), after reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The first recall, on November 2, 2009, was to correct a possible incursion of an incorrect or out-of-place front driver's side floor mat into the foot pedal well, which can cause pedal entrapment.", "2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls __knowledge__ The second recall, on January 21, 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mat incursion.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide .", "Toyota __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Kimi Räikkönen __knowledge__ Kimi-Matias Räikkönen (; born 17 October 1979), nicknamed \"The Ice Man\", is a Finnish racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Scuderia Ferrari.", "Kimi Räikkönen __knowledge__ He is often considered to be one of the fastest F1 drivers in the sport.", "Kimi Räikkönen __knowledge__ He won the F1 Drivers' Championship with Ferrari in 2007.", "Kimi Räikkönen __knowledge__ After nine seasons racing in Formula One, in which during his first Ferrari stint he was the World Champion, he competed in the World Rally Championship in 2010 and 2011.", "Kimi Räikkönen __knowledge__ In 2012, he returned to Formula One, driving for Lotus with whom he stayed in 2013.", "Kimi Räikkönen __knowledge__ On 11 September 2013, Ferrari announced their signing of Räikkönen on a two-year contract, beginning in the season.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from an external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and the electricity stored in the rechargeable battery packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ PEV is a subset of electric vehicles that includes all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ In China, plug-in electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs).", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ Plug-in cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Toyota Vitz __knowledge__ The Toyota Vitz is a line of three- and five-door hatchback subcompact cars produced since 1999 by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota.", "Toyota Vitz __knowledge__ Now in its third generation, the name \"Toyota Vitz\" has been used consistently in Japan, with most international markets receiving the same vehicle under the Toyota Yaris name, or formerly as the Toyota Echo in some markets for the first generation.", "Toyota Vitz __knowledge__ The Toyota Vitz is available in Japan from Toyota's \"Netz Store\" line of dealerships.", "Toyota Vitz __knowledge__ As of 2010, the first two generations had achieved in excess of 3.5 million sales in over 70 countries, including more than 1.4 million in Japan.", "This Addiction __knowledge__ This Addiction is the seventh studio album by the punk rock band Alkaline Trio, released February 23, 2010 as the first release by their newly formed record label Heart & Skull, a joint venture with Epitaph Records.", "This Addiction __knowledge__ Described as a return to the band's punk rock roots, it was recorded at Atlas Studios in their hometown of Chicago with Matt Allison, the same location and producer used for much of their early material.", "This Addiction __knowledge__ The album draws lyrical inspiration from the band members' personal lives, addressing themes such as love, addiction, death, divorce, grief, suicide, politics, and war.", "This Addiction __knowledge__ It became the highest-charting album of the band's career, debuting on the \"Billboard\" 200 at #11 and also reaching #1 on the Rock, Independent, and Alternative Albums charts.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ The Toyota Camry (XV40) is a mid-size car that was produced by Toyota from January 2006 to July 2011.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ Replacing the XV30 series, the XV40 represented the sixth generation of the Toyota Camry in all markets outside Japan, which followed a different generational lineage.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ Between 2006 and 2010, a badged engineered model called Daihatsu Altis sold alongside the Camry in Japan.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ Toyota replaced the XV40 series in 2011 with the XV50.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ Introduced at the January 2006 North American International Auto Show, the XV40 made its North American sales debut in March 2006 as a 2007 model.", "Toyota Camry (XV40) __knowledge__ For the first time, a gasoline/electric hybrid version of Camry was offered in addition to the naturally aspirated four- and six-cylinder engines." ] ]

[ 1, 42, 19, 22 ]

[ "I love cars made by Honda. Acura is such a good example of luxury.", "I like a mix of both to be honest. Honda was the first Japanese manufacturer to dedicate a full luxury brand but I personally prefer Mercedes.", "I just find them really nice to drive plus they are extremely comfortable whilst still being quite fast. I've heard Toyota recalled quite a few automobiles between 2009 and 2010?", "The second recall made in 2010 shown not to be connected to floor mat incursion though. Could it have been the engine malfunctioning? " ]

[ "Acura", "Acura", "Acura", "Acura" ]

[ "Dog", "Is your dog friendly? Are most dogs friendly?", "I wonder why other similar animals like wolves can't be domesticated?", "If you cross a dog with a wolf, will the offspring be domesticated naturally?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Dog fighting in the United States is an activity in which fights between two game dogs are staged as a form of entertainment and gambling.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Such activity has existed since the early 19th century in the United States and was gradually prohibited in all states.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ It continues as an underground activity in both rural and urban locations.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, police and animal control law enforcement task forces of primarily local and state authorities were formed in many parts of the country to combat dog fighting rings to combat serious animal welfare violations with links to organized crime and social problems.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ The Paleolithic dog was a Late Pleistocene canine.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ They were directly associated with human hunting camps in Europe over 30,000 years before present (YBP) and it is proposed that they were domesticated.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ They are also proposed to be either a proto-dog and the ancestor of the domestic dog or an extinct morphologically and genetically divergent wolf population.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ A study has classified the Paleolithic dog as \"Canis c.f.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ familiaris\" where c.f.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ is used in Latin to mean confer, uncertain (\"Canis\" believed to be \"familiaris\").", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ Previously in 1969, a study of ancient mammoth-bone dwellings at the Mezine paleolithic site in the Chernigov region, Ukraine uncovered 3 possibly domesticated \"short-faced wolves\".", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Беляев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985.", "Dmitry Belyayev (zoologist) __knowledge__ His decades-long effort to breed domesticated foxes was described by \"The New York Times\" as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.” Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the wild silver fox (\"Vulpes vulpes\") and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Coyote __knowledge__ The coyote (\"Canis latrans\"); from Nahuatl ) is a canine native to North America.", "Coyote __knowledge__ It is smaller than its close relative, the gray wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf.", "Coyote __knowledge__ It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia, though it is larger and more predatory, and is sometimes called the \"American jackal\" by zoologists.", "Coyote __knowledge__ The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to its wide distribution and abundance throughout North America, southwards through Mexico, and into Central America.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as thought.", "Psychology __knowledge__ It is an academic discipline of immense scope and diverse interests that, when taken together, seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of epiphenomena they manifest.", "Psychology __knowledge__ As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.", "Psychology __knowledge__ In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Prenatal perception __knowledge__ Prenatal perception is the study of the extent of somatosensory and other types of perception during pregnancy.", "Prenatal perception __knowledge__ In practical terms, this means the study of fetuses; none of the accepted indicators of perception are present in embryos.", "Prenatal perception __knowledge__ Studies in the field inform the abortion debate, along with certain related pieces of legislation in countries affected by that debate.", "Prenatal perception __knowledge__ Numerous studies have found evidence indicating a fetus's ability to respond to auditory stimuli.", "Prenatal perception __knowledge__ Research at Zhejiang University, China indicates that fetuses of 33–41 weeks gestational age can not only hear, but also distinguish their mothers' voices from others.", "Behavioral modernity __knowledge__ Behavioral modernity is a suite of behavioral and cognitive traits that distinguishes current \"Homo sapiens\" from other anatomically modern humans, hominins, and primates.", "Behavioral modernity __knowledge__ Although often debated, most scholars agree that modern human behavior can be characterized by abstract thinking, planning depth, symbolic behavior (e.g., art, ornamentation, music), exploitation of large game, and blade technology, among others.", "Behavioral modernity __knowledge__ Underlying these behaviors and technological innovations are cognitive and cultural foundations that have been documented experimentally and ethnographically.", "Behavioral modernity __knowledge__ Some of these human universal patterns are cumulative cultural adaptation, social norms, language, and extensive help and cooperation beyond close kin." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.", "Naked Among Wolves (1963 film) __knowledge__ Naked Among Wolves () is a 1963 East German film directed by Frank Beyer and starring Erwin Geschonneck and Armin Mueller-Stahl.", "Naked Among Wolves (1963 film) __knowledge__ The film is based on author Bruno Apitz's 1958 novel by the same name.", "Naked Among Wolves (1963 film) __knowledge__ The film was remade in 2015 under the direction of Philipp Kadelbach.", "Naked Among Wolves (1963 film) __knowledge__ Buchenwald concentration camp, early 1945.", "Naked Among Wolves (1963 film) __knowledge__ A Polish prisoner named Jankowski, who has been on a death march from Auschwitz, brings a suitcase to the camp.", "Naked Among Wolves (1963 film) __knowledge__ When the inmates in the storage building open it, they discover a three-year-old child.", "Naked Among Wolves (1963 film) __knowledge__ Jankowski tells them he is the son of a couple from the Warsaw Ghetto, both of whom perished.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ The Beringian wolf is an extinct type of wolf (\"Canis lupus\") that lived during the Ice Age.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ It inhabited what is now modern-day Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ Some of these wolves survived well into the Holocene.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ The Beringian wolf is an ecomorph of the gray wolf and has been comprehensively studied using a range of scientific techniques, yielding new information on the prey species and feeding behavior of prehistoric wolves.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ It has been determined that these wolves are morphologically distinct from modern North American wolves and genetically basal to most modern and extinct wolves.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ The Beringian wolf has not been assigned a subspecies classification and its relationship with the European cave wolf (\"Canis lupus spelaeus\") is not clear.", "Coyote __knowledge__ The coyote (\"Canis latrans\"); from Nahuatl ) is a canine native to North America.", "Coyote __knowledge__ It is smaller than its close relative, the gray wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf.", "Coyote __knowledge__ It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia, though it is larger and more predatory, and is sometimes called the \"American jackal\" by zoologists.", "Coyote __knowledge__ The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to its wide distribution and abundance throughout North America, southwards through Mexico, and into Central America." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 32, 34 ]

[ "I love my dog. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated.", "Yes very friendly. Their association with humans have made dogs very attuned to human behavior.", "There is Intra hybridization among wolves and dogs because their species are so similar, and genetically very close. ", "Not sure. but such hybridization has been detected in many populations in Europe and North America. " ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Common cold\nI have found the cure for the common cold.", "Common cold", "Yes, all you have to do is drink hot water then cold water right after.", "I hate when I get a sore throat." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The throat, sinuses, and larynx may also be affected.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus.", "Common cold __knowledge__ These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever.", "Common cold __knowledge__ People usually recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may last up to three weeks.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Occasionally those with other health problems may develop pneumonia.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common.", "Common cold __knowledge__ They spread through the air during close contact with infected people or indirectly through contact with objects in the environment, followed by transfer to the mouth or nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Risk factors include going to daycare, not sleeping well, and psychological stress.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.", "Common cold __knowledge__ In contrast, those affected by influenza can show similar symptoms as people with a cold, but symptoms are usually more severe.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Additionally, the influenza is less likely to result in a runny nose.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Alternative treatments used for the common cold include numerous home remedies and alternative medicines.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Scientific research regarding the efficacy of each treatment is generally nonexistent or inconclusive.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Current best evidence indicates prevention, including hand washing and neatness, and management of symptoms.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Many believe that cold temperature can cause and therefore prevention of exposure to cold temperature can prevent the common cold.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Evidence does not support this association.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Vitamin C was identified in the early part of the previous century and there was much interest in its possible effects on various infections including the common cold.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and -ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ The disease scurvy is prevented and treated with vitamin C-containing foods or dietary supplements.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Evidence does not support use in the general population for the prevention of the common cold.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ There is, however, some evidence that regular use may shorten the length of colds.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It is unclear if supplementation affects the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or dementia.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It may be taken by mouth or by injection.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C is generally well tolerated.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Large doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, or simply cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ The cold is indeed common, and is a significant cause for absences from work and school.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ Even before the discovery of vitamin C, folklore had it that certain fruits were effective in both preventing and treating the cold.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ After scientific identification of vitamin C in the early part of the 20th century, research began into the possible effects of the vitamin against the common cold.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ Vitamin C has not decreased the frequency of colds in the general population, but it has halved the frequency of colds in people under heavy short-term physical stress.", "Zinc and the common cold __knowledge__ The human rhinovirus – the most common viral pathogen in humans – is the predominant cause of the common cold.", "Zinc and the common cold __knowledge__ The hypothesized mechanism of action by which zinc reduces the severity and/or duration of cold symptoms is the suppression of nasal inflammation and the direct inhibition of rhinoviral receptor binding and rhinoviral replication in the nasal mucosa.", "Zinc and the common cold __knowledge__ A 2017 meta-analysis compared high dose (>75 mg/day elemental zinc) zinc acetate lozenges with zinc gluconate lozenges and found no evidence that the efficacy differs.", "Zinc and the common cold __knowledge__ In addition, there was no evidence that zinc doses >100 mg/day were more effective than zinc doses 80–92 mg/day.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT or SNOMED Clinical Terms is a systematically organized computer processable collection of medical terms providing codes, terms, synonyms and definitions used in clinical documentation and reporting.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT is considered to be the most comprehensive, multilingual clinical healthcare terminology in the world.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ The primary purpose of SNOMED CT is to encode the meanings that are used in health information and to support the effective clinical recording of data with the aim of improving patient care.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT provides the core general terminology for electronic health records.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT comprehensive coverage includes: clinical findings, symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, body structures, organisms and other etiologies, substances, pharmaceuticals, devices and specimens.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ Vitamin C and the Common Cold is a popular book by Linus Pauling, first published in 1970, on vitamin C, its interactions with common cold and the role of vitamin C megadosage in human health.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ The book promoted the idea that taking large amounts of vitamin C could reduce the duration and severity of the common cold.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ A Nobel Prize-winning chemist and activist, Pauling promoted a view of vitamin C that is strongly at odds with most of the scientific community, which found little evidence for the alleged health benefits of greatly increased vitamin C intake.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ The book went through multiple editions, and a revised version that discussed the flu and other diseases, retitled Vitamin C, the Common Cold & the Flu, came out in 1976." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The throat, sinuses, and larynx may also be affected.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus.", "Common cold __knowledge__ These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever.", "Common cold __knowledge__ People usually recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may last up to three weeks.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Occasionally those with other health problems may develop pneumonia.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common.", "Common cold __knowledge__ They spread through the air during close contact with infected people or indirectly through contact with objects in the environment, followed by transfer to the mouth or nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Risk factors include going to daycare, not sleeping well, and psychological stress.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.", "Common cold __knowledge__ In contrast, those affected by influenza can show similar symptoms as people with a cold, but symptoms are usually more severe.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Additionally, the influenza is less likely to result in a runny nose.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Alternative treatments used for the common cold include numerous home remedies and alternative medicines.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Scientific research regarding the efficacy of each treatment is generally nonexistent or inconclusive.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Current best evidence indicates prevention, including hand washing and neatness, and management of symptoms.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Many believe that cold temperature can cause and therefore prevention of exposure to cold temperature can prevent the common cold.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Evidence does not support this association.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Vitamin C was identified in the early part of the previous century and there was much interest in its possible effects on various infections including the common cold.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, or simply cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ The cold is indeed common, and is a significant cause for absences from work and school.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ Even before the discovery of vitamin C, folklore had it that certain fruits were effective in both preventing and treating the cold.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ After scientific identification of vitamin C in the early part of the 20th century, research began into the possible effects of the vitamin against the common cold.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ Vitamin C has not decreased the frequency of colds in the general population, but it has halved the frequency of colds in people under heavy short-term physical stress.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and -ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ The disease scurvy is prevented and treated with vitamin C-containing foods or dietary supplements.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Evidence does not support use in the general population for the prevention of the common cold.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ There is, however, some evidence that regular use may shorten the length of colds.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It is unclear if supplementation affects the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or dementia.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It may be taken by mouth or by injection.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C is generally well tolerated.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Large doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT or SNOMED Clinical Terms is a systematically organized computer processable collection of medical terms providing codes, terms, synonyms and definitions used in clinical documentation and reporting.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT is considered to be the most comprehensive, multilingual clinical healthcare terminology in the world.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ The primary purpose of SNOMED CT is to encode the meanings that are used in health information and to support the effective clinical recording of data with the aim of improving patient care.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT provides the core general terminology for electronic health records.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT comprehensive coverage includes: clinical findings, symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, body structures, organisms and other etiologies, substances, pharmaceuticals, devices and specimens.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ Vitamin C and the Common Cold is a popular book by Linus Pauling, first published in 1970, on vitamin C, its interactions with common cold and the role of vitamin C megadosage in human health.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ The book promoted the idea that taking large amounts of vitamin C could reduce the duration and severity of the common cold.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ A Nobel Prize-winning chemist and activist, Pauling promoted a view of vitamin C that is strongly at odds with most of the scientific community, which found little evidence for the alleged health benefits of greatly increased vitamin C intake.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ The book went through multiple editions, and a revised version that discussed the flu and other diseases, retitled Vitamin C, the Common Cold & the Flu, came out in 1976.", "Zinc and the common cold __knowledge__ The human rhinovirus – the most common viral pathogen in humans – is the predominant cause of the common cold.", "Zinc and the common cold __knowledge__ The hypothesized mechanism of action by which zinc reduces the severity and/or duration of cold symptoms is the suppression of nasal inflammation and the direct inhibition of rhinoviral receptor binding and rhinoviral replication in the nasal mucosa.", "Zinc and the common cold __knowledge__ A 2017 meta-analysis compared high dose (>75 mg/day elemental zinc) zinc acetate lozenges with zinc gluconate lozenges and found no evidence that the efficacy differs.", "Zinc and the common cold __knowledge__ In addition, there was no evidence that zinc doses >100 mg/day were more effective than zinc doses 80–92 mg/day.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ In humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ Air is breathed in through the nose or the mouth.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ In the nasal cavity, a layer of mucous membrane acts as a filter and traps pollutants and other harmful substances found in the air.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ Next, air moves into the pharynx, a passage that contains the intersection between the esophagus and the larynx.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ The opening of the larynx has a special flap of cartilage, the epiglottis, that opens to allow air to pass through but closes to prevent food from moving into the airway.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ From the larynx, air moves into the trachea and down to the intersection that branches to form the right and left primary (main) bronchi.", "Respiratory disease __knowledge__ Respiratory disease is a medical term that encompasses pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange possible in higher organisms, and includes conditions of the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing.", "Respiratory disease __knowledge__ Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting, such as the common cold, to life-threatening entities like bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, acute asthma and lung cancer.", "Respiratory disease __knowledge__ The study of respiratory disease is known as pulmonology.", "Respiratory disease __knowledge__ A doctor who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a pulmonologist, a chest medicine specialist, a respiratory medicine specialist, a respirologist or a thoracic medicine specialist.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ Upper respiratory tract infections (URI or URTI) are illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract including the nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ Most infections are viral in nature and in other instances the cause is bacterial.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ Upper respiratory tract infections can also be fungal or helminth in origin, but these are far less common.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ In 2015, 17.2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections occurred.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ As of 2014, upper respiratory infections caused about 3,000 deaths down from 4,000 in 1990.", "Human parainfluenza viruses __knowledge__ Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the viruses that cause human parainfluenza.", "Human parainfluenza viruses __knowledge__ HPIVs are a group of four distinct single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family.", "Human parainfluenza viruses __knowledge__ These viruses are closely associated with both human and veterinary disease.", "Human parainfluenza viruses __knowledge__ Virions are approximately 150–250 nm in size and contain negative sense RNA with a genome encompassing ~15,000 nucleotides.", "Human parainfluenza viruses __knowledge__ The viruses can be detected via cell culture, immunofluorescent microscopy, and PCR.", "Human parainfluenza viruses __knowledge__ HPIVs remain the second main cause of hospitalisation in children under 5 years of age suffering from a respiratory illness (only respiratory syncytial virus causes more respiratory hospitalisations for this age group).", "Haemophilus influenzae __knowledge__ Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium belonging to the \"Pasteurellaceae\" family.", "Haemophilus influenzae __knowledge__ \"H. influenzae\" was first described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic.", "Haemophilus influenzae __knowledge__ The bacterium was mistakenly considered to be the cause of influenza until 1933 when the viral cause of influenza became apparent, and is still colloquially known as 'bacterial influenza'.", "Haemophilus influenzae __knowledge__ \"H. influenzae\" is responsible for a wide range of localized and invasive infections.", "Haemophilus influenzae __knowledge__ This species was the first free-living organism to have its entire genome sequenced.", "Human papillomavirus infection __knowledge__ Human papillomavirus infection is an infection by \"human papillomavirus\" (HPV).", "Human papillomavirus infection __knowledge__ Most HPV infections cause no symptoms and resolve spontaneously.", "Human papillomavirus infection __knowledge__ In some people, an HPV infection persists and results in warts or precancerous lesions.", "Human papillomavirus infection __knowledge__ The precancerous lesions increase the risk of cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth, or throat.", "Human papillomavirus infection __knowledge__ Nearly all cervical cancer is due to HPV with two types, HPV16 and HPV18, accounting for 70% of cases.", "Human papillomavirus infection __knowledge__ Between 60% and 90% of the other cancers are also linked to HPV.", "Human papillomavirus infection __knowledge__ HPV6 and HPV11 are common causes of genital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis.", "Human papillomavirus infection __knowledge__ An HPV infection is caused by \"human papillomavirus\", a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family, of which over 170 types are known." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The throat, sinuses, and larynx may also be affected.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus.", "Common cold __knowledge__ These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever.", "Common cold __knowledge__ People usually recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may last up to three weeks.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Occasionally those with other health problems may develop pneumonia.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common.", "Common cold __knowledge__ They spread through the air during close contact with infected people or indirectly through contact with objects in the environment, followed by transfer to the mouth or nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Risk factors include going to daycare, not sleeping well, and psychological stress.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.", "Common cold __knowledge__ In contrast, those affected by influenza can show similar symptoms as people with a cold, but symptoms are usually more severe.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Additionally, the influenza is less likely to result in a runny nose.", "Water heating __knowledge__ Water heating is a heat transfer process that uses an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature.", "Water heating __knowledge__ Typical domestic uses of hot water include cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating.", "Water heating __knowledge__ In industry, hot water and water heated to steam have many uses.", "Water heating __knowledge__ Domestically, water is traditionally heated in vessels known as \"water heaters\", \"kettles\", \"cauldrons\", \"pots\", or \"coppers\".", "Water heating __knowledge__ These metal vessels that heat a batch of water do not produce a continual supply of heated water at a preset temperature.", "Water heating __knowledge__ Rarely, hot water occurs naturally, usually from natural hot springs.", "Water heating __knowledge__ The temperature varies with the consumption rate, becoming cooler as flow increases.", "Circulator pump __knowledge__ A circulator pump is a specific type of pump used to circulate gases, liquids, or slurries in a closed circuit.", "Circulator pump __knowledge__ They are commonly found circulating water in a hydronic heating or cooling system.", "Circulator pump __knowledge__ Because they only circulate liquid within a closed circuit, they only need to overcome the friction of a piping system (as opposed to lifting a fluid from a point of lower potential energy to a point of higher potential energy).", "Circulator pump __knowledge__ Circulator pumps as used in hydronic systems are usually electrically powered centrifugal pumps.", "Circulator pump __knowledge__ As used in homes, they are often small, sealed, and rated at a fraction of a horsepower, but in commercial applications they range in size up to many horsepower and the electric motor is usually separated from the pump body by some form of mechanical coupling.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ Coffee drinks are made by brewing hot water (or much less commonly, cold water) with ground coffee beans.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ The brewing is either done slowly by drip or filter, French press or \"cafetière\", percolator, etc., or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine, where the coffee is termed \"espresso\"—slow-brewed coffees are generally regarded simply as \"coffee\".", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ All coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, in different strengths; some drinks have milk or cream added, some use steamed milk, cream, plant based milk, or foamed milk, some have flavorings or sweeteners, some have alcoholic liqueurs added, some are combinations of coffee with espresso or tea.", "Hot water storage tank __knowledge__ A hot water storage tank (also called a hot water tank, thermal storage tank, hot water thermal storage unit, heat storage tank and hot water cylinder) is a water tank used for storing hot water for space heating or domestic use.", "Hot water storage tank __knowledge__ Water is a convenient heat storage medium because it has a high specific heat capacity.", "Hot water storage tank __knowledge__ This means, compared to other substances, it can store more heat per unit of weight.", "Hot water storage tank __knowledge__ Water is non-toxic and low cost.", "Hot water storage tank __knowledge__ An efficiently insulated tank can retain stored heat for days, reducing fuel costs.", "Hot water storage tank __knowledge__ Hot water tanks may have a built-in gas or oil burner system, electric immersion heaters.", "Coffee preparation __knowledge__ Coffee preparation is the process of turning coffee beans into a beverage.", "Coffee preparation __knowledge__ While the particular steps vary with the type of coffee and with the raw materials, the process includes four basic steps: raw coffee beans must be roasted, the roasted coffee beans must then be ground, the ground coffee must then be mixed with hot water for a certain time (brewed), and finally the liquid coffee must be separated from the used grounds.", "Coffee preparation __knowledge__ Coffee is usually brewed immediately before drinking.", "Coffee preparation __knowledge__ In most areas, coffee may be purchased unprocessed, or already roasted, or already roasted and ground.", "Coffee preparation __knowledge__ Coffee is often vacuum packed to prevent oxidation and lengthen its shelf life.", "Water trading __knowledge__ Selling water access entitlements, also often called water rights.", "Water trading __knowledge__ The terms of the trade can be either permanent or temporary, depending on the legal status of the water rights.", "Water trading __knowledge__ Some of the western states of the United States, Chile, South Africa, Australia, Iran and Spain's Canary Islands have water trading schemes.", "Water trading __knowledge__ Some consider Australia's to be the most sophisticated and effective in the world.", "Water trading __knowledge__ Some other countries, especially in South Asia, also have informal water trading schemes.", "Water trading __knowledge__ Water markets tend to be local and informal, as opposed to more formal schemes.", "Water trading __knowledge__ Some economists argue that water trading can promote more efficient water allocation because a market based price acts as an incentive for users to allocate resources from low value activities to high value activities.", "Mate (drink) __knowledge__ Mate (, ; sometimes spelled maté in English though not in Spanish or Portuguese), also known as chimarrão () or cimarrón (), is a traditional South American caffeine-rich infused drink, that was first consumed by the indigenous Guaraní and also spread by the Tupí people.", "Mate (drink) __knowledge__ In the last centuries, it became particularly popular in Argentina and Uruguay (where it is defined by law as the \"national infusion\"), as also in Paraguay, the Bolivian Chaco, Southern Chile and Southern Brazil.", "Mate (drink) __knowledge__ It is also consumed in Syria, the largest importer in the world, and in Lebanon.", "Mate (drink) __knowledge__ It is prepared by steeping dried leaves of yerba mate (\"Ilex paraguariensis\", known in Portuguese as \"erva-mate\") in hot water and is served with a metal straw from a shared hollow calabash gourd.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ Upper respiratory tract infections (URI or URTI) are illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract including the nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ Most infections are viral in nature and in other instances the cause is bacterial.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ Upper respiratory tract infections can also be fungal or helminth in origin, but these are far less common.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ In 2015, 17.2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections occurred.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ As of 2014, upper respiratory infections caused about 3,000 deaths down from 4,000 in 1990.", "Victor Negus __knowledge__ Sir Victor Ewings Negus, MS, FRCS (6 February 1887 – 15 July 1974) was a British surgeon who specialised in laryngology and also made fundamental contributions to comparative anatomy with his work on the structure and evolution of the larynx.", "Victor Negus __knowledge__ He was born and educated in London, studying at King's College School, then King's College London, followed by King's College Hospital.", "Victor Negus __knowledge__ The final years of his medical training were interrupted by the First World War, during which he served with the Royal Army Medical Corps.", "Victor Negus __knowledge__ After the war, he qualified as a surgeon and studied with laryngologists in France and the USA before resuming his career at King's College Hospital where he became a junior surgeon in 1924.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers that starts within the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary glands.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ Symptoms may include a lump or sore that does not heal, a sore throat that does not go away, trouble swallowing, or a change in the voice.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ There may also be unusual bleeding, facial swelling, or trouble breathing.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ About 75% of head and neck cancer is due to the use of alcohol or tobacco.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ Other risk factors include betel quid, certain types of human papillomavirus, radiation exposure, certain workplace exposures, and Epstein-Barr virus.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ Head and neck cancers are most commonly of the squamous cell carcinoma type.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ In humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ Air is breathed in through the nose or the mouth.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ In the nasal cavity, a layer of mucous membrane acts as a filter and traps pollutants and other harmful substances found in the air.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ Next, air moves into the pharynx, a passage that contains the intersection between the esophagus and the larynx.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ The opening of the larynx has a special flap of cartilage, the epiglottis, that opens to allow air to pass through but closes to prevent food from moving into the airway.", "Respiratory tract __knowledge__ From the larynx, air moves into the trachea and down to the intersection that branches to form the right and left primary (main) bronchi.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Alternative treatments used for the common cold include numerous home remedies and alternative medicines.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Scientific research regarding the efficacy of each treatment is generally nonexistent or inconclusive.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Current best evidence indicates prevention, including hand washing and neatness, and management of symptoms.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Many believe that cold temperature can cause and therefore prevention of exposure to cold temperature can prevent the common cold.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Evidence does not support this association.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Vitamin C was identified in the early part of the previous century and there was much interest in its possible effects on various infections including the common cold.", "Larynx __knowledge__ The larynx, commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck of tetrapods involved in breathing, producing sound, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.", "Larynx __knowledge__ The larynx houses the vocal cords, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation.", "Larynx __knowledge__ It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.", "Larynx __knowledge__ The word larynx (plural larynges) comes from a similar Ancient Greek word.", "Larynx __knowledge__ In adult humans, the larynx is found in the anterior neck at the level of the C3–C6 vertebrae.", "Larynx __knowledge__ It connects the inferior part of the pharynx (hypopharynx) with the trachea." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The throat, sinuses, and larynx may also be affected.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus.", "Common cold __knowledge__ These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever.", "Common cold __knowledge__ People usually recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may last up to three weeks.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Occasionally those with other health problems may develop pneumonia.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common.", "Common cold __knowledge__ They spread through the air during close contact with infected people or indirectly through contact with objects in the environment, followed by transfer to the mouth or nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Risk factors include going to daycare, not sleeping well, and psychological stress.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.", "Common cold __knowledge__ In contrast, those affected by influenza can show similar symptoms as people with a cold, but symptoms are usually more severe.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Additionally, the influenza is less likely to result in a runny nose.", "Tonsillectomy __knowledge__ Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which both palatine tonsils are removed from a recess in the side of the pharynx called the tonsillar fossa.", "Tonsillectomy __knowledge__ The procedure is performed in response to repeated occurrence of acute tonsillitis, sleep surgery for obstructive sleep apnea, nasal airway obstruction, diphtheria carrier state, snoring, or peritonsillar abscess.", "Tonsillectomy __knowledge__ For children, tonsillectomy is usually combined with an adenoidectomy, which is the removal of the adenoid (also known as the pharyngeal tonsil or nasopharyngeal tonsil).", "Tonsillectomy __knowledge__ The combination of these two procedures is called an adenotonsillectomy or T&A.", "Sore Throat (grindcore band) __knowledge__ Sore Throat were a British crust punk / grindcore band, formed in Yorkshire in 1987.", "Sore Throat (grindcore band) __knowledge__ They are known for being one of the earliest exponents of the grindcore subgenre known as \"noisecore\", as well as for launching the careers of several prominent members of the British metal community.", "Sore Throat (grindcore band) __knowledge__ Sore Throat were formed in 1987 by Richard \"Militia\" Walker (vocals; of Wartorn and Warfear) and Nick Royles (drums).", "Sore Throat (grindcore band) __knowledge__ They recruited John \"Doom\" Pickering (bass; previously a member of Doom, Pelvic Thrust, Police Bastard and Cain), Brian \"Bri\" Talbot (guitar; also previously associated with Doom and Pelvic Thrust, as well as Ackworth St.", "List of Guardian's Office operations __knowledge__ From its establishment in 1966 to its demise in the early 1980s, the Guardian's Office (GO) of the Church of Scientology carried out numerous covert operations and programs against a range of perceived opponents of Scientology in the United States and around the world.", "List of Guardian's Office operations __knowledge__ The GO sought to discredit, destroy or otherwise neutralize – or \"depower\", in Scientology jargon – any group or individual that it regarded as anti-Scientology.", "List of Guardian's Office operations __knowledge__ Instructions for such operations were distributed in the form of individually numbered \"Guardian Program Orders\", abbreviated as GPgmOs, which were distributed from the GO leadership to GO branches in Churches of Scientology and ultimately used to task agents.", "Streptococcal pharyngitis __knowledge__ Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as strep throat, is an infection of the back of the throat including the tonsils caused by \"group A streptococcus\" (GAS).", "Streptococcal pharyngitis __knowledge__ Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.", "Streptococcal pharyngitis __knowledge__ A headache, and nausea or vomiting may also occur.", "Streptococcal pharyngitis __knowledge__ Some develop a sandpaper-like rash which is known as scarlet fever.", "Streptococcal pharyngitis __knowledge__ Symptoms typically begin one to three days after exposure and last seven to ten days.", "Streptococcal pharyngitis __knowledge__ Strep throat is spread by respiratory droplets from an infected person.", "Streptococcal pharyngitis __knowledge__ It may be spread directly or by touching something that has droplets on it and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.", "Pharyngitis __knowledge__ Pharyngitis is inflammation of the back of the throat, known as the pharynx.", "Pharyngitis __knowledge__ It typically results in a sore throat and fever.", "Pharyngitis __knowledge__ Other symptoms may include a runny nose, cough, headache, a hoarse voice.", "Pharyngitis __knowledge__ Symptoms usually last three to five days.", "Pharyngitis __knowledge__ Complications can include sinusitis and acute otitis media.", "Pharyngitis __knowledge__ Pharyngitis is typically a type of respiratory tract infection.", "Pharyngitis __knowledge__ Most cases are caused by a viral infection.", "Pharyngitis __knowledge__ Strep throat, a bacterial infection, is the cause in about 25% of children and 10% of adults.", "Pharyngitis __knowledge__ Uncommon causes include other bacteria such as gonorrhea, fungus, irritants such as smoke, allergies, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.", "Sore throat __knowledge__ Sore throat, also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat.", "Sore throat __knowledge__ It is usually caused by pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat) or tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils).", "Sore throat __knowledge__ It can also result from trauma.", "Sore throat __knowledge__ About 7.5% of people have a sore throat in any three-month period.", "Sore throat __knowledge__ A sore throat is pain anywhere in the throat.", "Sore throat __knowledge__ A sore throat is usually from irritation or inflammation.", "Sore throat __knowledge__ The most common cause (80%) is acute viral pharyngitis, a viral infection of the throat.", "Sore throat __knowledge__ Other causes include other infections (such as streptococcal pharyngitis), trauma, and tumors.", "Sore throat __knowledge__ Gastroesophageal (acid) reflux disease can cause stomach acid to back up into the throat and also cause the throat to become sore.", "Ambroxol __knowledge__ Ambroxol is a drug that breaks up phlegm, used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus.", "Ambroxol __knowledge__ Recently, a hypothesis suggested that it may have a potential role in treatment of Paget's disease of bone, Parkinsonism, and other common diseases of aging-associated diseases involving dysfunction of autophagy.", "Ambroxol __knowledge__ It is the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, Mucobrox, Mucol, Lasolvan, Mucoangin, Surbronc, Ambolar, and Lysopain.", "Ambroxol __knowledge__ The substance acts on mucus membranes, restoring the physiological clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract (which play an important role in the body’s natural defence mechanisms) through several mechanisms, including breaking up phlegm, stimulating mucus production, and stimulating synthesis and release of surfactant by type II pneumocytes.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ Upper respiratory tract infections (URI or URTI) are illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract including the nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ Most infections are viral in nature and in other instances the cause is bacterial.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ Upper respiratory tract infections can also be fungal or helminth in origin, but these are far less common.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ In 2015, 17.2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections occurred.", "Upper respiratory tract infection __knowledge__ As of 2014, upper respiratory infections caused about 3,000 deaths down from 4,000 in 1990.", "Rhinitis __knowledge__ Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose.", "Rhinitis __knowledge__ Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip.", "Rhinitis __knowledge__ The inflammation is caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens.", "Rhinitis __knowledge__ The most common kind of rhinitis is allergic rhinitis, which is usually triggered by airborne allergens such as pollen and dander.", "Rhinitis __knowledge__ Allergic rhinitis may cause additional symptoms, such as sneezing and nasal itching, coughing, headache, fatigue, malaise, and cognitive impairment.", "Rhinitis __knowledge__ The allergens may also affect the eyes, causing watery, reddened, or itchy eyes and puffiness around the eyes.", "Influenza __knowledge__ Influenza, commonly known as \"the flu\", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.", "Influenza __knowledge__ Symptoms can be mild to severe.", "Influenza __knowledge__ The most common symptoms include: a high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, coughing, and feeling tired.", "Influenza __knowledge__ These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week.", "Influenza __knowledge__ The cough, however, may last for more than two weeks.", "Influenza __knowledge__ In children, there may be nausea and vomiting, but these are not common in adults.", "Influenza __knowledge__ Nausea and vomiting occur more commonly in the unrelated infection gastroenteritis, which is sometimes inaccurately referred to as \"stomach flu\" or the \"24-hour flu\".", "Scarlet fever __knowledge__ Scarlet fever is a disease which can occur as a result of a group A \"streptococcus\" (group A strep) infection.", "Scarlet fever __knowledge__ The signs and symptoms include a sore throat, fever, headaches, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash.", "Scarlet fever __knowledge__ The rash is red and feels like sandpaper and the tongue may be red and bumpy.", "Scarlet fever __knowledge__ It most commonly affects children between five and 15 years of age.", "Scarlet fever __knowledge__ Scarlet fever affects a small number of people who have strep throat or streptococcal skin infections.", "Scarlet fever __knowledge__ The bacteria are usually spread by people coughing or sneezing.", "Scarlet fever __knowledge__ It can also be spread when a person touches an object which has the bacteria on it and then touches their mouth or nose." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 9 ]

[ "OH really? Do tell! I know it is a viral infection that is in the upper respiratory system", "Yep common cold that can also effect the throat, sinuses and larynx", "Oh really? And that will help sore throat, sneezing and the runny nose that comes with the cod?", "I agree! I hate that it makes me not sleep well and a little bit of stress" ]

[ "Common cold", "Common cold", "Common cold", "Common cold" ]

[ "Justin Bieber", "I did not know that! Perhaps I should make more Youtube videos!", "How fast did it go platinum, do you know?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, \"My World\", in late 2009.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It was certified platinum in the U.S.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his first full-length studio album, \"My World 2.0\", in 2010.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple platinum in the U.S., and contained his single \"Baby\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following his debut album, he had his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, released the remix albums \"My Worlds Acoustic\" and \"Never Say Never – The Remixes\"—and the 3D biopic-concert film \"\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He released his second studio album, \"Under the Mistletoe\", in November 2011, when it debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his third studio album, \"Believe,\" in 2012.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Its single \"Boyfriend\" reached number one in Canada.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ His fourth studio album \"Purpose\" was released in November 2015, spawning three number one singles: \"What Do You Mean?", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ \", \"Sorry\", and \"Love Yourself\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following the release of \"Purpose\", Bieber was featured on several successful collaborations, including \"Cold Water\", \"Let Me Love You\", \"Despacito (Remix)\", and \"I'm the One\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, \"My World\", in late 2009.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It was certified platinum in the U.S.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his first full-length studio album, \"My World 2.0\", in 2010.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple platinum in the U.S., and contained his single \"Baby\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following his debut album, he had his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, released the remix albums \"My Worlds Acoustic\" and \"Never Say Never – The Remixes\"—and the 3D biopic-concert film \"\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He released his second studio album, \"Under the Mistletoe\", in November 2011, when it debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his third studio album, \"Believe,\" in 2012.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Its single \"Boyfriend\" reached number one in Canada.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ His fourth studio album \"Purpose\" was released in November 2015, spawning three number one singles: \"What Do You Mean?", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ \", \"Sorry\", and \"Love Yourself\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following the release of \"Purpose\", Bieber was featured on several successful collaborations, including \"Cold Water\", \"Let Me Love You\", \"Despacito (Remix)\", and \"I'm the One\".", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.", "YouTube __knowledge__ The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.", "YouTube __knowledge__ It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "Social impact of YouTube __knowledge__ The YouTube video hosting service constitutes a social networking website on which practically any individual or organization with Internet access can upload videos that can be seen almost immediately by wide audiences.", "Social impact of YouTube __knowledge__ As the world's largest video platform, YouTube has had impact in many fields, with some individual YouTube videos having directly shaped world events.", "Social impact of YouTube __knowledge__ In his 2010 TED Talk on crowd-accelerated innovation, TED curator Chris Anderson preliminarily noted that human brains are \"uniquely wired\" to decode high-bandwidth video, and that unlike written text, face-to-face communication of the type that online videos convey has been \"fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution.\"", "PewDiePie __knowledge__ Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg ( ; ; born 24 October 1989), known online as PewDiePie ( ), is a Swedish web-based comedian and video producer.", "PewDiePie __knowledge__ He is known for his Let's Play commentaries and vlogs, as well as his following on YouTube.", "PewDiePie __knowledge__ Born in Gothenburg, Sweden, PewDiePie originally pursued a degree in industrial economics and technology management at Chalmers University of Technology.", "PewDiePie __knowledge__ In 2010, during his time at the university, he registered a YouTube account under the name PewDiePie.", "PewDiePie __knowledge__ The following year, he dropped out of Chalmers after becoming disinterested with his degree field, much to the dismay of his parents.", "Censorship of YouTube __knowledge__ Video-sharing platform YouTube is the second-most popular website as of 2017, according to Alexa Internet.", "Censorship of YouTube __knowledge__ According to the company's press page, YouTube has more than one billion users and each day those users watch more than one billion hours of video.", "Censorship of YouTube __knowledge__ Censorship of it has occurred and continues to occur in many countries throughout the world, though the website can typically still be accessed through VPN or proxy servers.", "Censorship of YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube blocking occurs for a variety of reasons including: In some countries YouTube is completely blocked, either through a long term standing ban or for more limited periods of time such as during periods of unrest, the run-up to an election, or in response to upcoming political anniversaries.", "Viral video __knowledge__ A viral video is a video that becomes popular through a viral process of Internet sharing, typically through video sharing websites, social media and email.", "Viral video __knowledge__ Viral videos often contain humorous content and include televised comedy sketches, such as \"The Lonely Island\"s \"Lazy Sunday\" and \"Dick in a Box\", Numa Numa videos, The Evolution of Dance, Chocolate Rain on YouTube; and web-only productions such as I Got a Crush... on Obama.", "Viral video __knowledge__ Some eyewitness events have also been caught on video and have \"gone viral\" such as the Battle at Kruger.", "Viral video __knowledge__ In 2012, the Kony 2012 video by Invisible Children, Inc. became the most viral video in history, with approximately 34,000,000 views three days after its upload to YouTube on 5 March 2012, and 100,000,000 views six days after publication.", "Colleen Ballinger __knowledge__ Colleen Ballinger (born November 21, 1986) is an American comedian, actress, singer and YouTube personality.", "Colleen Ballinger __knowledge__ She is best known for her Internet character Miranda Sings, posting videos of the character on YouTube and performing her one-woman comedy act on tour in theatres worldwide.", "Colleen Ballinger __knowledge__ She created the comically talentless, egotistical and eccentric character to satirize the many YouTube videos featuring people singing badly, but who appear unaware of their lack of talent.", "Colleen Ballinger __knowledge__ In her videos and stage act, the narcissistic character sings and dances badly, discusses current events that she misunderstands, gives inept \"tutorials\", collaborates with other YouTubers, and rants about her personal issues and her critics, whom she calls the \"haters\".", "YouTube Red __knowledge__ YouTube Red is a paid streaming subscription service exclusively for YouTube in the United States, Australia, Mexico, New Zealand and South Korea.", "YouTube Red __knowledge__ It provides advertising-free streaming of all videos hosted by YouTube, offline play and background playback of videos on mobile devices, access to advertising-free music streaming through Google Play Music, and access to \"YouTube Red Original\" series and films.", "YouTube Red __knowledge__ The service was originally launched in November 2014 as Music Key, offering only ad-free streaming of music and music videos from participating labels on YouTube and Google Play Music.", "YouTube Red __knowledge__ The service was then revised and relaunched as YouTube Red on October 31, 2015, expanding its scope to offer ad-free access to all YouTube videos, as opposed to just music.", "Gangnam Style __knowledge__ \"Gangnam Style\" (, ) is the 18th K-pop single by the South Korean musician Psy.", "Gangnam Style __knowledge__ The song was released on July 15, 2012, as the lead single of his sixth studio album \"Psy 6 (Six Rules), Part 1\", and debuted at number one on South Korea's Gaon Chart.", "Gangnam Style __knowledge__ On December 21, 2012, \"Gangnam Style\" became the first YouTube video to reach one billion and two billion views.", "Gangnam Style __knowledge__ The song's music video has been viewed over 3 billion times on YouTube, and was the most viewed video on YouTube from November 24, 2012, when it surpassed the music video for \"Baby\" by Justin Bieber featuring Ludacris, to July 10, 2017, when it was surpassed by the music video for \"See You Again\" by Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth.", "Despacito __knowledge__ \"Despacito\" (; English: \"Slowly\") is a single by Puerto Rican singer Luis Fonsi featuring Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee from Fonsi's upcoming studio album.", "Despacito __knowledge__ On January 12, 2017, Universal Music Latin released \"Despacito\" and its music video, which shows both artists performing the song in La Perla neighborhood of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico and the local bar La Factoría.", "Despacito __knowledge__ The song was written by Fonsi, Erika Ender, and Daddy Yankee, and was produced by Mauricio Rengifo and Andrés Torres.", "Despacito __knowledge__ A remix version featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber was released on April 17, 2017, which helped to improve the song's chart performance in numerous countries, particularly in the English-speaking world.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ Justin Bieber: Never Say Never is a 2011 American 3-D concert film centering on singer Justin Bieber.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ It was released in the United States on February 11, 2011 and grossed $99 million worldwide.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ A sequel was released on December 25, 2013, entitled \"Justin Bieber's Believe\".", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ The film follows the pop star Justin Bieber during 10 days counting down to what is considered his biggest performance, that of August 31, 2010 in Madison Square Garden, which sold out in 22 minutes.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ It shows footage of the performances during this period from his My World Tour.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ It shows excited female fans, and several instances of the \"One Less Lonely Girl\" routine of inviting a girl on stage for him to serenade and give flowers to, and of surprising random girls with free tickets to his concerts.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ \"Where Are Ü Now\" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, \"Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü\" (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ It was released simultaneously with the album on February 27, 2015, later sent to mainstream radio on April 21, 2015.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ Initially, a demo was written by Bieber as a piano ballad titled \"The Most\", however Bieber decided to send the track to the duo, who transformed the track into electronic dance music, but maintained the original lyrics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, \"My World\", in late 2009.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It was certified platinum in the U.S.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his first full-length studio album, \"My World 2.0\", in 2010.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple platinum in the U.S., and contained his single \"Baby\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following his debut album, he had his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, released the remix albums \"My Worlds Acoustic\" and \"Never Say Never – The Remixes\"—and the 3D biopic-concert film \"\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He released his second studio album, \"Under the Mistletoe\", in November 2011, when it debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his third studio album, \"Believe,\" in 2012.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Its single \"Boyfriend\" reached number one in Canada.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ His fourth studio album \"Purpose\" was released in November 2015, spawning three number one singles: \"What Do You Mean?", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ \", \"Sorry\", and \"Love Yourself\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following the release of \"Purpose\", Bieber was featured on several successful collaborations, including \"Cold Water\", \"Let Me Love You\", \"Despacito (Remix)\", and \"I'm the One\".", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is an American popular music singer known for singing in a wide range of genres including rock, country, jazz, light opera, and Latin.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, two Academy of Country Music awards, an Emmy Award, and an ALMA Award, and many of her albums have been certified gold, platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ On July 28, 2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities.", "Chaka Khan __knowledge__ Chaka Khan (born Yvette Marie Stevens, March 23, 1953) is an American recording artist whose career has spanned five decades, beginning in the 1970s as the lead vocalist and focal point of the funk band Rufus.", "Chaka Khan __knowledge__ Known as the Queen of Funk, Khan was the first R&B artist to have a crossover hit featuring a rapper, with \"I Feel for You\" in 1984.", "Chaka Khan __knowledge__ Khan has won ten Grammys and has sold an estimated 70 million records worldwide.", "Chaka Khan __knowledge__ In the course of her solo career, Khan has achieved three gold singles, three gold albums and one platinum album with \"I Feel for You\".", "Chaka Khan __knowledge__ With Rufus, she achieved four gold singles, four gold albums, and two platinum albums.", "Kanye West __knowledge__ Kanye Omari West (; born June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, and entrepreneur.", "Kanye West __knowledge__ Born in Atlanta and raised in Chicago, West briefly attended art school before becoming known as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s, producing hit singles for artists such as Jay-Z and Alicia Keys.", "Kanye West __knowledge__ Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper, West released his debut album \"The College Dropout\" in 2004 to widespread critical and commercial success, and founded the record label GOOD Music.", "Kanye West __knowledge__ He went on to pursue a variety of styles on subsequent albums \"Late Registration\" (2005), \"Graduation\" (2007), and \"808s & Heartbreak\" (2008).", "DJ Bobcat __knowledge__ Bobby “Bobcat” Ervin (born December 13, 1967), professionally known as Bobcat or DJ Bobcat, is a Grammy Award winner and multi-platinum Producer, songwriter, DJ, artist and music executive.", "DJ Bobcat __knowledge__ He has worked with musicians such as Clive Davis, Russell Simmons, Rick Rubin, Lyor Cohen, Steve Rifkind, Madonna, Guy Oseary, Jermaine Dupri and has written and produced Songs for artists such as: LL Cool J, Ice Cube, Mack 10, Tupac, Mc Ren, Sir Mix A Lot, K9 Posse, Breeze, Nas, King T, Kam, Candyman, YoYo Recording Artists and countless Record Labels.", "DJ Bobcat __knowledge__ Also artist such as Jagged Edge, Bow Wow, Usher, Kid Rock and Master P. Ever since the early 80’s Bobcat has been involved in Hip Hop, beginning in Los Angeles with West Coast icons and pioneers Uncle Jamms Army DJaying and promoting large dances and concerts with over 15,000 people at the Los Angeles Sports Arena for Run–D.M.C., Whodini, Ice-T, Kurtis Blow and many more, establishing the very beginning of the Hip Hop scene on the West Coast.", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ Nature of a Sista' is the second studio album by American rapper Queen Latifah, which was released on September 23, 1991, through Tommy Boy Records.", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ It was Latifah's final album with the record label and served as a follow-up to her 1989 debut album \"All Hail the Queen\".", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ Latifah worked as an executive producer for \"Nature of a Sista'\" alongside American producer Shakim Compere.", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ Although predominantly a hip hop album, it includes elements of reggae, jazz, R&B, new jack swing, and house music.", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ The lyrics of the album's songs revolve gender politics and romance.", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ While discussing the album's overall style, Latifah said she moved away from hardcore hip hop to experiment with other music genres and to have more creative control over her work.", "HIM (Finnish band) __knowledge__ HIM (sometimes stylized as H.I.M.)", "HIM (Finnish band) __knowledge__ was a Finnish gothic rock band from Helsinki, Finland.", "HIM (Finnish band) __knowledge__ Formed in 1991 by vocalist Ville Valo and bassist Mikko \"Mige\" Paananen under the name His Infernal Majesty, the band broke up in 1993, before being reformed in 1995 by Valo and guitarist Mikko \"Linde\" Lindström.", "HIM (Finnish band) __knowledge__ After being rejoined by Mige, as well as new additions keyboardist Antto Melasniemi and drummer Juhana \"Pätkä\" Rantala, the band, now called HIM, released their debut album \"Greatest Lovesongs Vol.", "HIM (Finnish band) __knowledge__ 666\" in 1997.", "HIM (Finnish band) __knowledge__ In 2000, now with drummer Mika \"Gas Lipstick\" Karppinen and keyboardist Juska Salminen, the band released the album \"Razorblade Romance\", which reached the number one spot in Finland, Austria and Germany.", "Jackie Evancho __knowledge__ Jacqueline Marie \"Jackie\" Evancho ( ; born April 9, 2000) is an American classical crossover singer who gained wide recognition at an early age and, since 2009, has issued a platinum-selling EP and seven albums, including three \"Billboard\" 200 top 10 debuts.", "Jackie Evancho __knowledge__ She has released three solo Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) concert specials.", "Jackie Evancho __knowledge__ Between 2008 and 2010, Evancho entered talent competitions, sang the U.S. national anthem at a Pittsburgh Pirates baseball game, issued her first album, \"Prelude to a Dream\", and attracted interest on YouTube.", "Jackie Evancho __knowledge__ In 2010, at the age of ten, she gained wide notice with her 2nd-place finish in the fifth season of \"America's Got Talent\".", "My World (EP) __knowledge__ My World is the debut extended play (EP) by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber.", "My World (EP) __knowledge__ It was released on 17 November 2009, by Island Records.", "My World (EP) __knowledge__ The album is considered the first half of a two-piece project, later being supplemented by his debut studio album \"My World 2.0\" (2010).", "My World (EP) __knowledge__ After signing a recording contract in light of his growing popularity on YouTube, Bieber worked with collaborators including his mentor Usher, in addition to producers Tricky Stewart, The-Dream, and Midi Mafia.", "My World (EP) __knowledge__ Its music incorporates pop and R&B styles, and lyrically discusses teen romance and coming of age situations.", "My World (EP) __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"My World\" received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who complimented its production.", "One Time (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"One Time\" is the debut single of Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber.", "One Time (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It is the first single released from his debut EP, \"My World\".", "One Time (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was first solicited to mainstream and rhythmic radio on May 18, 2009.", "One Time (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was released via digital download in the United States and Canada on July 7, 2009, and was released in several other countries during autumn 2009.", "One Time (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ An acoustic version of the song, called the \"My Heart Edition\" was released to iTunes on December 22, 2009.", "One Time (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song, moderately paced with R&B, pop, and hip-hop influences, is an ode to young love.", "One Time (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song received positive reviews from critics, commending its production, vocals and quality of lyrics.", "Believe (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ Believe is the third studio album by Canadian singer Justin Bieber, released on June 15, 2012, by Island Records.", "Believe (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ Looking to transition from the teen pop styles of his two-piece debut effort \"My World\" (2009) and \"My World 2.0\" (2010), Bieber opted to create a follow-up record that featured more prominent elements of dance-pop and contemporary R&B.", "Believe (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ As executive producers, mentor Usher and manager Scooter Braun enlisted collaborators including Darkchild, Hit-Boy, Diplo and Max Martin with the intention of creating a mature-sounding project.", "Believe (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"Believe\" received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who appreciated its progression from Bieber's earlier works.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "Despacito __knowledge__ \"Despacito\" (; English: \"Slowly\") is a single by Puerto Rican singer Luis Fonsi featuring Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee from Fonsi's upcoming studio album.", "Despacito __knowledge__ On January 12, 2017, Universal Music Latin released \"Despacito\" and its music video, which shows both artists performing the song in La Perla neighborhood of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico and the local bar La Factoría.", "Despacito __knowledge__ The song was written by Fonsi, Erika Ender, and Daddy Yankee, and was produced by Mauricio Rengifo and Andrés Torres.", "Despacito __knowledge__ A remix version featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber was released on April 17, 2017, which helped to improve the song's chart performance in numerous countries, particularly in the English-speaking world.", "Kuk Harrell __knowledge__ Thaddis Laphonia \"Kuk\" Harrell is an American songwriter, vocal producer, arranger and engineer.", "Kuk Harrell __knowledge__ He was a member of a songwriting–production team composed of himself, Christopher \"Tricky\" Stewart and Terius \"The Dream\" Nash.", "Kuk Harrell __knowledge__ In 2011, Kuk Harrell and partner Tricky Stewart joined the ranks of Fox's \"American Idol\" along with music mogul Jimmy Iovine, producing many of the songs performed on television by the contestants and released via iTunes.", "Kuk Harrell __knowledge__ 2011 marked the highly anticipated return of Jennifer Lopez and her album LOVE?", "Kuk Harrell __knowledge__ in which Kuk served as Album Vocal Producer.", "Kuk Harrell __knowledge__ Earning his fourth Grammy for the vocal production of Rihanna's No." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "A talent manager discovered Justin Bieber through Youtube videos.", "Bieber's debut EP was certified platinum.", "Bieber became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record hit the Hot 100 chart." ]

[ "Justin Bieber", "Justin Bieber", "Justin Bieber" ]

[ "Pit bull\nI have two pit bulls they are very protective pets", "Yes I do , Do you know anything about them?", "Yes I wonder how the breed originated?", "Oh really? Where were they originally bred?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The American Bulldog is also sometimes included.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Many of these breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs (used to hold the faces and heads of larger animals such as bulls) and terriers.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ After the use of dogs in blood sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock, and as family companions.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Despite dog fighting now being illegal in the United States, it still exists as an underground activity, and pit bulls are a common breed of choice.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The term pit bull is often used loosely to describe dogs with similar physical characteristics, and the morphological (physical) variation amongst \"bully breed\" dogs makes it difficult for anyone, even experts, to visually identify them as distinct from \"non-pit bulls\".", "Pit bull __knowledge__ While mixed breed dogs are often labeled as \"pit bulls\" if they have certain physical characteristics such as a square shaped head or bulky body type, visual identification of mixed breed dogs is not recommended by the scholarly community.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Breed-specific legislation is a law passed by a legislative body pertaining to a specific breed or breeds of domesticated animals.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ In practice, it generally refers to laws pertaining to a specific dog breed or breeds.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Some jurisdictions have enacted breed-specific legislation in response to a number of well-publicized incidents involving pit bull-type dogs or other dog breeds commonly used in dog fighting, and some government organizations such as the United States Army and Marine Corps have taken administrative action as well.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ This legislation ranges from outright bans on the possession of these dogs, to restrictions and conditions on ownership, and often establishes a legal presumption that these dogs are \"prima facie\" legally \"dangerous\" or \"vicious\".", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Dog fighting in the United States is an activity in which fights between two game dogs are staged as a form of entertainment and gambling.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Such activity has existed since the early 19th century in the United States and was gradually prohibited in all states.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ It continues as an underground activity in both rural and urban locations.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, police and animal control law enforcement task forces of primarily local and state authorities were formed in many parts of the country to combat dog fighting rings to combat serious animal welfare violations with links to organized crime and social problems.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fighting is a type of blood sport generally defined as two or more game dogs against one another in a ring or a pit for the entertainment of the spectators or the gratification of the dogfighters, who are sometimes referred to as dogmen.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ In rural areas, fights are often staged in barns or outdoor pits; in urban areas, fights may occur in garages, basements, warehouses, abandoned buildings, back alleys, neighborhood playgrounds, or in the streets.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fights usually last until one dog is declared a winner, which occurs when one dog fails to scratch, one dog dies, or one dog jumps out of the pit.", "BAD RAP (organization) __knowledge__ BAD RAP (acronym for Bay Area Dog-lovers Responsible About Pit Bulls) is an animal welfare and rescue group based in Oakland, California, devoted to caring for and improving the public image of pit bull terriers as pets.", "BAD RAP (organization) __knowledge__ BAD RAP is a federal non-profit organization (under IRS Code 501(c)3) located in Oakland, California.", "BAD RAP (organization) __knowledge__ It was incorporated in 1999 to address the needs of homeless dogs, specifically homeless American Pit Bull Terriers, and to provide support and resources to animal welfare organizations that deal with pit bulls.", "BAD RAP (organization) __knowledge__ The organization also focuses on providing owner support, in the form of training, spay/neuter assistance and other resources, to families who own pit bulls.", "George (dog) __knowledge__ George ( – 29 April 2007) was a Jack Russell Terrier from New Zealand who was posthumously awarded a PDSA Gold Medal in February 2009.", "George (dog) __knowledge__ He defended children from an attack by two Pit Bulls but subsequently died of his injuries.", "George (dog) __knowledge__ On Sunday, 29 April 2007, George was playing with a group of five children, aged between three and twelve years of age, in the small Taranaki town of Manaia.", "George (dog) __knowledge__ As they returned home from a local shop, they were set upon by a pair of Pit Bulls.", "George (dog) __knowledge__ George intervened between the two other dogs and the children.", "George (dog) __knowledge__ Richard Rosewarne, who was one of the five children, said of the attack, \"George tried to protect us by barking and rushing at them, but they started to bite him - one on the head and the other on the back\".", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT) is a dog breed.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized, solidly-built, intelligent, short-haired dog whose early ancestors came from the British Isles.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ When compared with the English Staffordshire Bull Terrier (another breed within the type commonly called pit bulls), the American Pit Bull Terrier is larger by margins of in height and in weight.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The American Pit Bull Terrier varies in size.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ Males normally are about 18-21 inches (45–53 cm) in height and around 35-60 pounds (15–27 kg) in weight.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ Females are normally around 17-20 inches (43–50 cm) in height and 30-50 pounds (13–22 kg) in weight." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The American Bulldog is also sometimes included.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Many of these breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs (used to hold the faces and heads of larger animals such as bulls) and terriers.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ After the use of dogs in blood sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock, and as family companions.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Despite dog fighting now being illegal in the United States, it still exists as an underground activity, and pit bulls are a common breed of choice.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The term pit bull is often used loosely to describe dogs with similar physical characteristics, and the morphological (physical) variation amongst \"bully breed\" dogs makes it difficult for anyone, even experts, to visually identify them as distinct from \"non-pit bulls\".", "Pit bull __knowledge__ While mixed breed dogs are often labeled as \"pit bulls\" if they have certain physical characteristics such as a square shaped head or bulky body type, visual identification of mixed breed dogs is not recommended by the scholarly community.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"You Don't Know Anything\" is a song by American indie rock band Ivy.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ It was released by Atlantic Records on April 29, 1999 as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, \"Apartment Life\" (1997).", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The single was made available exclusively in Europe and featured the same two B-sides as previous single, \"This Is the Day\", which had been released by 550 Music in Austria.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The track was written by Dominique Durand, Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase while production was handled by the latter two and Peter Nashel.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ Released alongside \"This Is the Day\", \"You Don't Know Anything\" received promotion by Atlantic Records after the former track was included on the soundtrack for the 1998 film, \"There's Something About Mary\".", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anything\" is a song by the American rock band Mad Season, released in 1995 as the second single from the band's sole studio album, \"Above\" (1995).", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The song reached number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The verse bar for \"I Don't Know Anything\" features a droning, overdriven guitar melody centered on the use of harmonics.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anything\" peaked at number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ Although the single was released to radio across North America and the world, it was only commercially available in Austria.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anything\" was first performed live at the band's October 12, 1994 concert in Seattle, Washington at the Crocodile Cafe.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Philosophical skepticism (UK spelling scepticism; from Greek σκέψις \"skepsis\", \"inquiry\") is both a philosophical school of thought and a method that questions the possibility of certainty in knowledge.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ It is generally agreed that knowledge requires justification.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ It is not enough to have a true belief: one must also have good reasons for that belief.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Skeptics claim that it is not possible to have only an adequate justification.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Skepticism is not a single position but covers a range of different positions.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ In the ancient world there were two main skeptical traditions.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Academic skepticism took the dogmatic position that knowledge was not possible; Pyrrhonian skeptics refused to take a dogmatic position on any issue—including skepticism.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ Apartment Life is the second studio album by American band Ivy, released by Atlantic Records on October 6, 1997.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ After being dropped from Seed Records following the release of \"Realistic\" in 1995, the group signed to Atlantic due to connections that Adam Schlesinger had with the record label.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ In addition to band members Andy Chase and Schlesinger, the album was produced by Lloyd Cole and Peter Nashel.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ In contrast to their previous releases, such as \"Lately\" (1994) and \"Realistic\", \"Apartment Life\" is a pop album with varying forms of production consisting of keyboards, brass, and string instruments.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ Above is the only studio album by the American rock band Mad Season, released on March 14, 1995, through Columbia Records.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ The album has been certified gold by the RIAA in the United States.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ Layne Staley also did the album artwork on the cover.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ During the production of Pearl Jam's \"Vitalogy\", guitarist Mike McCready went into rehabilitation in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he met John Baker Saunders, who would a short while later become bassist in The Walkabouts.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ In 1994, when the two returned to Seattle, they formed a side band with Screaming Trees drummer Barrett Martin.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ Immediately the trio set up rehearsal time together and began writing material.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT) is a dog breed.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized, solidly-built, intelligent, short-haired dog whose early ancestors came from the British Isles.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ When compared with the English Staffordshire Bull Terrier (another breed within the type commonly called pit bulls), the American Pit Bull Terrier is larger by margins of in height and in weight.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The American Pit Bull Terrier varies in size.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ Males normally are about 18-21 inches (45–53 cm) in height and around 35-60 pounds (15–27 kg) in weight.", "American Pit Bull Terrier __knowledge__ Females are normally around 17-20 inches (43–50 cm) in height and 30-50 pounds (13–22 kg) in weight.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Breed-specific legislation is a law passed by a legislative body pertaining to a specific breed or breeds of domesticated animals.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ In practice, it generally refers to laws pertaining to a specific dog breed or breeds.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Some jurisdictions have enacted breed-specific legislation in response to a number of well-publicized incidents involving pit bull-type dogs or other dog breeds commonly used in dog fighting, and some government organizations such as the United States Army and Marine Corps have taken administrative action as well.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ This legislation ranges from outright bans on the possession of these dogs, to restrictions and conditions on ownership, and often establishes a legal presumption that these dogs are \"prima facie\" legally \"dangerous\" or \"vicious\".", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fighting is a type of blood sport generally defined as two or more game dogs against one another in a ring or a pit for the entertainment of the spectators or the gratification of the dogfighters, who are sometimes referred to as dogmen.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ In rural areas, fights are often staged in barns or outdoor pits; in urban areas, fights may occur in garages, basements, warehouses, abandoned buildings, back alleys, neighborhood playgrounds, or in the streets.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fights usually last until one dog is declared a winner, which occurs when one dog fails to scratch, one dog dies, or one dog jumps out of the pit.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Dog fighting in the United States is an activity in which fights between two game dogs are staged as a form of entertainment and gambling.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Such activity has existed since the early 19th century in the United States and was gradually prohibited in all states.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ It continues as an underground activity in both rural and urban locations.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, police and animal control law enforcement task forces of primarily local and state authorities were formed in many parts of the country to combat dog fighting rings to combat serious animal welfare violations with links to organized crime and social problems.", "Bull and Terrier __knowledge__ The Bull and Terrier is a breed of dog that was the progenitor of the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, English Bull Terrier and the Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Bull and Terrier __knowledge__ The Bull and Terrier is a cross between the Old English Bulldog and a variety of Terriers.", "Bull and Terrier __knowledge__ The anatomy of the Bull and Terrier is the result of selective breeding for the purpose of hunting, dog fighting and baiting.", "Bull and Terrier __knowledge__ Most terriers, of the past and present, carried or carry a quarter to an eighth Old English Bulldog blood in them in order, allegedly, to give courage to bear the bites of the prey they are meant to attack.", "Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The Bull Terrier is a breed of dog in the terrier family.", "Bull Terrier __knowledge__ There is also a miniature version of this breed which is officially known as the Miniature Bull Terrier.", "Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The Bull Terrier's most recognizable feature is its head, described as 'egg-shaped' when viewed from the front; the top of the skull is almost flat.", "Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The profile curves gently downwards from the top of the skull to the tip of the nose, which is black and bent downwards at the tip, with well developed nostrils.", "Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The under-jaw is deep and strong.", "Bull Terrier __knowledge__ The unique triangular eyes are small, dark, and deep-set.", "Bull Terrier __knowledge__ Bull Terriers are the only dogs that have triangular eyes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The American Bulldog is also sometimes included.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Many of these breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs (used to hold the faces and heads of larger animals such as bulls) and terriers.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ After the use of dogs in blood sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock, and as family companions.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Despite dog fighting now being illegal in the United States, it still exists as an underground activity, and pit bulls are a common breed of choice.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The term pit bull is often used loosely to describe dogs with similar physical characteristics, and the morphological (physical) variation amongst \"bully breed\" dogs makes it difficult for anyone, even experts, to visually identify them as distinct from \"non-pit bulls\".", "Pit bull __knowledge__ While mixed breed dogs are often labeled as \"pit bulls\" if they have certain physical characteristics such as a square shaped head or bulky body type, visual identification of mixed breed dogs is not recommended by the scholarly community.", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ Flowerhorn cichlids are ornamental aquarium fish noted for their vivid colors and the distinctively shaped heads for which they are named.", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ Their head protuberance, or \"kok\", is formally termed a \"nuchal hump.\"", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ Like blood parrot cichlids, they are man-made hybrids that exist in the wild only because of their release.", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ First developed in Malaysia, Thailand, and Taiwan, they became very popular with Asian fish hobbyists.", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ They are also kept by hobbyists in the US and Europe, but their importation is banned in Australia.", "Flowerhorn cichlid __knowledge__ Some cichlid hobbyists have questioned the impact of flowerhorn breeding programs and their impact on the health and reproduction of the animals, and on natural fish species.", "Ayrshire cattle __knowledge__ Ayrshire cattle (IPA ) are a breed of dairy cattle from Ayrshire in southwest Scotland.", "Ayrshire cattle __knowledge__ The adult Ayrshire cow weighs from .", "Ayrshire cattle __knowledge__ Ayrshires typically have red and white markings; the red can range from a shade of orange to a dark brown.", "Ayrshire cattle __knowledge__ They are known for their hardiness and their ability to convert grass into milk efficiently.", "Ayrshire cattle __knowledge__ The breed's strengths today are traits of easy calving and longevity.", "Ayrshire cattle __knowledge__ The Ayrshire breed originated County Ayr, Scotland, before 1800.", "Ayrshire cattle __knowledge__ During the breed's development, it was referred to as the Dunlop, later the Cunningham, and finally, the Ayrshire.", "Ayrshire cattle __knowledge__ These are all parts of the County Ayr.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ The following is a list of experimental cat breeds and crossbreeds that do not have the recognition of major national or international cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) in the US, Europe, and Australasia; the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FiFE) in continental Europe, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in North America, or the more recent World Cat Federation based in Germany.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Such a breed may be recognized by one of the smaller cat registries.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Smaller registries include the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry (REFR), The Dwarf Cat Association (TDCA), and others.", "Newfoundland dog __knowledge__ The Newfoundland dog is a large working dog.", "Newfoundland dog __knowledge__ They can be either black, brown, or white-and-black (called Landseer).", "Newfoundland dog __knowledge__ However, in Canada, the country of their origin, the only correct colours are either black or Landseer.", "Newfoundland dog __knowledge__ They were originally bred and used as a working dog for fishermen in the Dominion of Newfoundland (which is now part of Canada).", "Newfoundland dog __knowledge__ They are known for their giant size, intelligence, tremendous strength, calm dispositions, and loyalty.", "Newfoundland dog __knowledge__ Newfoundland dogs excel at water rescue/lifesaving because of their muscular build, thick double coat, webbed feet, and innate swimming abilities.", "Newfoundland dog __knowledge__ The Newfoundlands ('Newfs' or 'Newfies') have webbed feet and a water-resistant coat.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The American Water Spaniel, (often abbreviated to AWS), is a breed of spaniel which originated in the United States.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ Developed in the state of Wisconsin during the 19th century from a number of other breeds, including the Irish and English Water Spaniels.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ The breed was saved by Dr. Fred J. Pfeifer, who set up the breed club and standard, and whose work led to recognition for the breed by the United Kennel Club, and later, the American Kennel Club.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ While they are the state dog of Wisconsin, they remain a rare breed.", "American Water Spaniel __knowledge__ They are medium-sized dog, and have a double layered coat, which comes in a variety of brown related shades.", "Landrace __knowledge__ A landrace is a domesticated, locally adapted, traditional variety of a species of animal or plant that has developed over time, through adaptation to its natural and cultural environment of agriculture and pastoralism, and due to isolation from other populations of the species.", "Landrace __knowledge__ Landraces are generally distinguished from cultivars, and from breeds in the standardized sense, although the term landrace breed is sometimes used as distinguished from the term \"standardized breed\" when referring to cattle.", "Landrace __knowledge__ The \"-race\" in this word refers to the taxonomic definition of \"race\" in biology, not the ethnographic sense of the word.", "Percheron __knowledge__ The Percheron is a breed of draft horse that originated in the Huisne river valley in western France, part of the former Perche province from which the breed takes its name.", "Percheron __knowledge__ Usually gray or black in color, Percherons are well muscled, and known for their intelligence and willingness to work.", "Percheron __knowledge__ Although their exact origins are unknown, the ancestors of the breed were present in the valley by the 17th century.", "Percheron __knowledge__ They were originally bred for use as war horses.", "Percheron __knowledge__ Over time, they began to be used for pulling stagecoaches and later for agriculture and hauling heavy goods.", "Percheron __knowledge__ In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Arabian blood was added to the breed.", "Alaskan Klee Kai __knowledge__ The Alaskan Klee Kai is a spitz type breed of dog, developed in the 1970s to create a companion sized dog resembling the Alaskan Husky (a mixed breed of dog used for sled racing).", "Alaskan Klee Kai __knowledge__ It is an energetic, intelligent, dog with an appearance that reflects its northern heritage.", "Alaskan Klee Kai __knowledge__ The breed was developed in Wasilla, Alaska, from the early 1970s to 1988 by Linda S. Spurlin and her family.", "Alaskan Klee Kai __knowledge__ The breed was developed with Siberian and Alaskan Huskies, using Schipperke and American Eskimo Dog to bring down the size without dwarfism.", "Alaskan Klee Kai __knowledge__ She bred these dogs in private until she released them to the general public in 1988.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ The Finnish Lapphund is a hardy, easy going, medium-size breed of Spitz type.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ Traditionally it has been used for herding reindeer.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ Although it is one of the most popular dog breeds in its native country, Finland, it is not very numerous outside of the Nordic countries.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ The breed falls under the mitochondrial DNA sub-clade referred to as d1 that is only found in northern Scandinavia.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ It is the result of a female wolf-male dog hybridization that occurred post-domestication.", "Finnish Lapphund __knowledge__ Subclade d1 originated 480-3,000 years ago and is found in all Sami-related breeds: Finnish Lapphund, Swedish Lapphund, Lapponian Herder, Jamthund, Norwegian Elkhound and Hällefors Elkhound.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Analysis of variance __knowledge__ Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated procedures (such as \"variation\" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among group means.", "Analysis of variance __knowledge__ ANOVA was developed by statistician and evolutionary biologist Ronald Fisher.", "Analysis of variance __knowledge__ In the ANOVA setting, the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation.", "Analysis of variance __knowledge__ In its simplest form, ANOVA provides a statistical test of whether or not the means of several groups are equal, and therefore generalizes the \"t\"-test to more than two groups.", "Analysis of variance __knowledge__ ANOVAs are useful for comparing (testing) three or more means (groups or variables) for statistical significance.", "Pointing breed __knowledge__ A pointing breed is a type of gundog typically used in finding game.", "Pointing breed __knowledge__ Gundogs are traditionally divided into three classes: retrievers, flushing dogs, and pointing breeds.", "Pointing breed __knowledge__ The name \"pointer\" comes from the dog's instinct to \"point\", by stopping and aiming its muzzle towards game.", "Pointing breed __knowledge__ This demonstrates to the hunter the location of his or her quarry and allows them to move into gun range.", "Pointing breed __knowledge__ Pointers were selectively bred from dogs who had abundant pointing and backing instinct.", "Pointing breed __knowledge__ They typically start to acquire their hunting instincts at about 2 months of age.", "Pointing breed __knowledge__ The pointing breeds can be dated to England and Europe in about the 1650s.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog ( or ) is a dog breed which was developed in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The name \"Sennenhund\" refers to people called \"Senn\" or \"Senner\", dairymen and herders in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs are almost certainly the result of indigenous dogs mating with large mastiff types brought to Switzerland by foreign settlers.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ At one time, the breed was believed to have been among the most popular in Switzerland.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ It was assumed to have almost died out by the late 19th century, since its work was being done by other breeds or machines, but was rediscovered in the early 1900s.", "Greyhound Trust __knowledge__ The Greyhound Trust is a national charity, founded in 1975 with the vision of a day when all racing greyhounds can retire to a loving home and be treated with compassion and kindness.", "Greyhound Trust __knowledge__ Originally founded as the NGRC Retired Greyhound Trust, and known for many years as the 'RGT' the charity has found homes for over 85,000 greyhounds, and currently homes around 4000 a year.", "Greyhound Trust __knowledge__ The Greyhound Trust is governed by a Board of Trustees, chaired by Professor Steven Dean, and is registered with the Charity Commission in England and the OSCR in Scotland (Registered Charity 269668 & SC044047).", "Greyhound Trust __knowledge__ The Trust operates a network of over 50 branches across Britain, currently run by over 1,000 volunteers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The American Bulldog is also sometimes included.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Many of these breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs (used to hold the faces and heads of larger animals such as bulls) and terriers.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ After the use of dogs in blood sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock, and as family companions.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Despite dog fighting now being illegal in the United States, it still exists as an underground activity, and pit bulls are a common breed of choice.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The term pit bull is often used loosely to describe dogs with similar physical characteristics, and the morphological (physical) variation amongst \"bully breed\" dogs makes it difficult for anyone, even experts, to visually identify them as distinct from \"non-pit bulls\".", "Pit bull __knowledge__ While mixed breed dogs are often labeled as \"pit bulls\" if they have certain physical characteristics such as a square shaped head or bulky body type, visual identification of mixed breed dogs is not recommended by the scholarly community.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "Heavy warmblood __knowledge__ The heavy warmbloods () are a group of horse breeds primarily from continental Europe.", "Heavy warmblood __knowledge__ The title includes the Ostfriesen (\"East Friesian\") and Alt-Oldenburger (\"Old-Oldenburger\"), Groningen, and similar horses from Silesia, Saxony-Thuringia, and Bavaria.", "Heavy warmblood __knowledge__ Breeds like the Hungarian Nonius, Kladruber, and Cleveland Bay are also often classed as \"heavy warmbloods.\"", "Heavy warmblood __knowledge__ They are the ancestors of the modern warmbloods, and are typically bred by preservation groups to fit the pre-World War model of the all-purpose utility horse.", "Heavy warmblood __knowledge__ Unlike the registries of the sport horses that followed them, many heavy warmblood registries maintain closed or partly closed studbooks.", "Russkiy Toy __knowledge__ The Russian Toy (also known as the Russian Toy Terrier, and in Russia as the Russkiy Toy, Toychik,) is a very small breed of dog originally bred in Russia from the English Toy Terrier which is known today as the Manchester Terrier.", "Russkiy Toy __knowledge__ There are two types of coats in the breed: smooth coat and long coat.", "Russkiy Toy __knowledge__ The smooth-coated variety was previously known as the Russian Toy Terrier and long-coated as the Moscow Long Haired Toy Terrier.", "Russkiy Toy __knowledge__ Both were brought together under the same Russian Toy Terrier name in 1988 and the \"Terrier\" was dropped from the name when the breed was added in 2006 to the official list of breeds registered with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and has been registered in the Foundation Stock Service of the American Kennel Club since 2008, allowed to compete in AKC companion events since 2010.", "Solid black (chicken plumage) __knowledge__ Solid black plumage color refers to a plumage pattern in chickens (\"Gallus gallus domesticus\") characterized by a uniform, black color across all feathers.", "Solid black (chicken plumage) __knowledge__ There are chicken breeds where the typical plumage color is black, such as Australorp, Sumatra, , Jersey Giant and others.", "Solid black (chicken plumage) __knowledge__ And there are many other breeds having different color varieties, which also have an extended black variety, such as Leghorn, Minorca, Wyandotte, Orpington, Langshan and others.", "Solid black (chicken plumage) __knowledge__ Color is an important feature of most living organisms.", "Solid black (chicken plumage) __knowledge__ In the wild, color has great significance affecting the survival and reproductive success of the species.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ This is a list of varieties of hop (\"Humulus lupulus\").", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ As there are male and female plants, the flowers (cones) of the female plant are fertilized by the pollen of the male flowers with the result that the female flowers form seeds.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ These seeds are eaten by birds and hence spread over vast distances.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ Hops, specifically their female plants, have been grown as a commercial crop for the brewing industry for many centuries in many countries.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ The first documented mention of a hop garden is in the will of Pepyn III.", "List of hop varieties __knowledge__ The first breeding of different hop varieties took place at Wye College in Kent, England by E. S. Salmon in 1919 when he bred the varieties \"Brewer's Gold\" and \"Bullion\".", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ The Scottish Terrier (also known as the Aberdeen Terrier), popularly called the Scottie, is a breed of dog.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ Initially one of the highland breeds of terrier that were grouped under the name of \"Skye Terrier\", it is one of five breeds of terrier that originated in Scotland, the other four being the modern Skye, Cairn, Dandie Dinmont, and West Highland White Terriers.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ They are an independent and rugged breed with a wiry outer coat and a soft dense undercoat.", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ The First Earl of Dumbarton nicknamed the breed \"the diehard\".", "Scottish Terrier __knowledge__ The modern breed is said to be able to trace its lineage back to a single female, named Splinter II.", "California Spangled __knowledge__ The California Spangled is a breed of domestic cat that was bred to resemble spotted wild cats, like the ocelot and leopard.", "California Spangled __knowledge__ They were originally bred in the 1980s and were only ever a rare breed, with only 58 ever being registered.", "California Spangled __knowledge__ They were usually expensive, priced between US$800 and $2,500.", "California Spangled __knowledge__ The popularity of two other spotted cats breeds, the Ocicat and the Bengal, overshadowed their development.", "California Spangled __knowledge__ Inspired by the poaching death of a leopard, the anthropologist Louis Leakey motivated Paul Arnold Casey, Jr. of California to breed a domestic cat resembling a small leopard in order to emphasize how important it was to preserve the leopard.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Dog fighting in the United States is an activity in which fights between two game dogs are staged as a form of entertainment and gambling.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ Such activity has existed since the early 19th century in the United States and was gradually prohibited in all states.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ It continues as an underground activity in both rural and urban locations.", "Dog fighting in the United States __knowledge__ In the late 20th century, police and animal control law enforcement task forces of primarily local and state authorities were formed in many parts of the country to combat dog fighting rings to combat serious animal welfare violations with links to organized crime and social problems.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fighting is a type of blood sport generally defined as two or more game dogs against one another in a ring or a pit for the entertainment of the spectators or the gratification of the dogfighters, who are sometimes referred to as dogmen.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ In rural areas, fights are often staged in barns or outdoor pits; in urban areas, fights may occur in garages, basements, warehouses, abandoned buildings, back alleys, neighborhood playgrounds, or in the streets.", "Dog fighting __knowledge__ Dog fights usually last until one dog is declared a winner, which occurs when one dog fails to scratch, one dog dies, or one dog jumps out of the pit.", "Terrier __knowledge__ A terrier is a dog of any one of many breeds or landraces of the terrier type, which are typically small, wiry and fearless.", "Terrier __knowledge__ Terrier breeds vary greatly in size from just to over and are usually categorized by size or function.", "Terrier __knowledge__ There are five different groups with each group having several different breeds.", "Terrier __knowledge__ Most terrier breeds were developed in Great Britain and Ireland.", "Terrier __knowledge__ They were used to control rats, rabbits, and foxes both over and under the ground.", "Terrier __knowledge__ Some larger terriers were also used to hunt badgers.", "Terrier __knowledge__ The word terrier comes from the Middle French \"terre\", derived from the Latin word for earth, \"terra\".", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed is a BBC One investigative documentary, produced by Jemima Harrison, which looks into health and welfare issues facing pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast on 19 August 2008.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The Kennel Club (KC), the governing body of pedigree dogs in the UK which runs the prestigious dog breed show Crufts, was criticised for allowing breed standards, judging standards and breeding practices to compromise the health of .", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The programme generated much criticism of the Kennel Club.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It also caused various sponsors and trade exhibitors to withdraw their participation from Crufts and other Kennel Club events.", "Alaunt __knowledge__ The Alaunt is an extinct breed of dog, with the original breed having existed in central Asia, Afghanistan and Europe from ancient times through the 17th century.", "Alaunt __knowledge__ The Alaunt breed had three distinct phenotypes: Alaunt Veantre, Alaunt Boucherie and the Alaunt Gentile.", "Alaunt __knowledge__ They all were large, short coated dogs of varying head-types.", "Alaunt __knowledge__ The former two resembled the molosser type dogs much like the present-day Dogo Argentino or like the Caucasian Shepherd Dog except with short hair and a mesocephalic head which made them excellent large-game hunters.", "Alaunt __knowledge__ The Alaunt was originally bred by the Alani tribes, the nomads of Indo-European Sarmatian ancestry who spoke an Iranian language.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species." ] ]

[ 2, 47, 4, 6 ]

[ "Do you have American Pit Bull Terriers?", "They are medium sized and short haired dogs.", "Many breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs.", "I am not sure, unfortunately dog fighting still exists." ]

[ "Pit bull", "Pit bull", "Pit bull", "Pit bull" ]

[ "Dog\nI really love dogs. What can you tell me about them?", "Interesting. How long have dogs been living with humans?", "Wow. They do say dogs are \"man's best friend\".", "Amazing. They really help us out. Thanks for telling me these interesting facts about dogs." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Rachel McKenna is a fictional character from the New Zealand soap opera \"Shortland Street\", played by Angela Bloomfield and who made her first appearance in early 1993.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Bloomfield left the role in 1999, before returning in 2001 and departing in 2003.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ She returned in a guest role in 2007 and again in a full-time role in 2009 before departing once again in 2016.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Arriving as part of the McKenna family unit, Rachel debuted in early 1993 alongside her mother Alex (Liddy Holloway), the estranged wife of hospital CEO Michael McKenna (Paul Gittins).", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ The family were later joined by Rachel's homosexual brother Jonathon (Kieren Hutchison).", "Really Love __knowledge__ \"Really Love\" is a song performed by American neo soul singer D'Angelo (officially credited to D'Angelo and the Vanguard), issued as the first single from his third studio album \"Black Messiah\".", "Really Love __knowledge__ It was his first single since 2008's \"I Found My Smile Again\".", "Really Love __knowledge__ The song was written by D'Angelo (credited under his real name, Michael Archer) along with Vanguard member Kendra Foster; the Spanish spoken-word segment was written and performed by Gina Figueroa.", "Really Love __knowledge__ It contains a sample of \"We the People Who Are Darker Than Blue\" by Curtis Mayfield.", "Really Love __knowledge__ The song was produced by D'Angelo.", "Really Love __knowledge__ The string section heard during the intro was arranged and conducted by Brent Fischer.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Tanja von Lahnstein (née Wittkamp, formerly von Anstetten, Rai and von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by actress Miriam Lahnstein.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on-screen on 21 June 1995 and left after three years in May 1998.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein returned to the role in 2001, where she was seen from 24 April to 5 October.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She came back another three years later and reappeared on 16 April 2004.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein left the show for a short time, while being on contract, from June 2005 to March 2006 and from March to December 2007 during the pregnancy of her two children.", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism (2009) is a book by American social psychologist Melanie Joy about the belief system and psychology of meat eating, or \"carnism\".", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Joy coined the term \"carnism\" in 2001 and developed it in her doctoral dissertation in 2003.", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Carnism is a subset of speciesism, and contrasts with ethical veganism, the moral commitment to abstain from consuming or using meat and other animal products.", "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows __knowledge__ Joy, an animal advocate, was concerned about linguistic bias inherent in terms like \"carnivore\", which were inaccurate and failed to account for the \"beliefs beneath the behavior\".", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ Stephanie Kay Bentley (born April 29, 1963 in Thomasville, Georgia) is an American country music artist.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ She made her debut in 1996 as a duet partner on Ty Herndon's single \"Heart Half Empty\", which peaked at No.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ The single was included both on Herndon's 1995 debut album \"What Mattered Most\" and on Bentley's 1996 debut album \"Hopechest\".", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ It produced three more singles for her on the country charts, although only one (\"Who's That Girl\") reached Top 40.", "Stephanie Bentley __knowledge__ Bentley found success as a songwriter, having penned Faith Hill's 1999 crossover single \"Breathe\", as well as Martina McBride's 2002 Top 5 hit \"Concrete Angel\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Dog anatomy comprises the anatomical studies of the visible parts of the body of a canine.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Details of structures vary tremendously from breed to breed, more than in any other animal species, wild or domesticated, as dogs are highly variable in height and weight.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier that stood only at the shoulder, in length along the head and body, and weighed only .", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The largest known adult dog was an English Mastiff which weighed and was from the snout to the tail.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The tallest known adult dog is a Great Dane that stands at the shoulder.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Source: The following is a list of the muscles in the dog along with their origin, insertion, action and innervation.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The biological family Canidae The cat-like feliforms and dog-like caniforms emerged within the Carnivoramorpha 43 million years before present.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The caniforms included the fox-like genus \"Leptocyon\" whose various species existed from 34 million years before present before branching 11.9 million YBP into Vulpini (foxes) and Canini (canines).", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied human beings over extended periods of time.", "Canidae __knowledge__ Canids vary in size from the 2-m-long (6 ft 7 in) gray wolf to the 24-cm-long (9.4 in) fennec fox.", "Canidae __knowledge__ The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails.", "Canis __knowledge__ Canis is a genus of the Canidae containing multiple extant species, such as wolves, coyotes, jackals, and dogs.", "Canis __knowledge__ Species of this genus are distinguished by their moderate to large size, their massive, well-developed skulls and dentition, long legs, and comparatively short ears and tails.", "Canis __knowledge__ The generic name \"Canis\" means \"dog\" in Latin.", "Canis __knowledge__ The term \"canine\" comes from the adjective form, \"caninus\" (\"of the dog\"), from which the term canine tooth is also derived.", "Canis __knowledge__ The canine family has prominent canine teeth, used for killing their prey.", "Canis __knowledge__ The word \"canis\" is cognate to the Greek word \"kūon\" (Greek: Κύων), which means \"dog\", as well as (less transparently) English \"hound\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Honda WOW __knowledge__ The Honda WOW (WOW stands for \"Wonderful Open-hearted Wagon\") was a concept car created by the automobile division of Honda.", "Honda WOW __knowledge__ The WOW was first introduced at the 2005 Tokyo Motor Show.", "Honda WOW __knowledge__ The WOW was designed to fit the needs of both a person and their dog.", "Honda WOW __knowledge__ The WOW (which was built as just a design concept) was designed to fit the needs of both man and man's best friend.", "Honda WOW __knowledge__ The WOW was built with a low center of gravity, giving the WOW a more stable driving experience.", "Honda WOW __knowledge__ This low center of gravity allows dogs to feel more comfortable in the WOW.", "Honda WOW __knowledge__ The WOW makes driving comfortable for dogs because it additionally features wood-paneled floors.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Man's best friend (phrase) __knowledge__ \"Man's best friend\" is a common phrase about domestic dogs, referring to their millennia-long history of close relations, loyalty, and companionship with humans.", "Man's best friend (phrase) __knowledge__ The first recorded use of a related phrase is by Frederick the Great of Prussia.", "Man's best friend (phrase) __knowledge__ It was likely popularized by its use in a poem by Ogden Nash and has since become a common colloquialism.", "Man's best friend (phrase) __knowledge__ Before the evolution of wolf into dog, it is posited that humans and wolves worked together hunting game.", "Man's best friend (phrase) __knowledge__ Wolves were the superior tracker but humans were the superior killer; thus wolves would lead humans to the prey and humans would leave some of the meat to the wolves.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as thought.", "Psychology __knowledge__ It is an academic discipline of immense scope and diverse interests that, when taken together, seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of epiphenomena they manifest.", "Psychology __knowledge__ As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.", "Psychology __knowledge__ In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist.", "Psychology __knowledge__ Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Dog food __knowledge__ Dog food is food specifically formulated and intended for consumption by dogs and other related canines.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Like all carnivores, dogs have sharp, pointed teeth, and have short gastrointestinal tracts better suited for the consumption of meat.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In spite of this natural carnivorous design, dogs have still managed to adapt over thousands of years to survive on the meat and non-meat scraps and leftovers of human existence and thrive on a variety of foods.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In the United States alone, dog owners spent over $8.6 billion on commercially manufactured dog food in 2007.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Some people make their own dog food, feed their dogs meals made from ingredients purchased in grocery or health food stores or give their dogs a raw food diet.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and health.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Generally, people can survive up to 40 days without food, a period largely dependent on the amount of water consumed, stored body fat, muscle mass and genetic factors.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, a poor understanding of nutrition and dietary practices, and deficient sanitation and food security.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Malnutrition and its consequences are large contributors to deaths and disabilities worldwide.", "Human nutrition __knowledge__ Good nutrition helps children grow physically, promotes human biological development and helps in the eradication of poverty." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Weed Lake is a local wetland area located outside of Langdon, Alberta.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ It is the home to many natural wildlife including several species of birds and fish.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Weed Lake is located about 20 kilometres east of Calgary, immediately north east of the hamlet of Langdon, Alberta.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ It is a 600 hectare wetland regionally important as waterfowl habitat.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ In 1971 the original lake was drained for agricultural purposes but starting in 2006 construction commenced to restore the lake and it is now a fully functioning healthy wetland ecosystem.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Organizations involved in acquiring the land and restoring the lake were led by Ducks Unlimited and include the Calgary Field Naturalists’ Society.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ Horrible Histories is a series of illustrated history books published in the United Kingdom by Scholastic, and part of the Horrible Histories franchise.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ They are designed to engage children in history by presenting the unusual, gory, or unpleasant aspects in a tongue-in-cheek manner in contrast to the formality of lessons taught in school.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ The books are written by Terry Deary, Peter Hepplewhite and Neil Tonge and illustrated by Martin Brown, Mike Phillips, Phillip Reeve, and Kate Sheppard.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ The first titles in the series, \"The Terrible Tudors\" and \"The Awesome Egyptians\", were published in June 1993.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ Sir Michael Caine, (; born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr., 14 March 1933) is an English actor, producer, and author.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ Renowned for his distinctive working class cockney accent, Caine has appeared in over 115 films and is regarded as a British film icon.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in British films, including \"Zulu\" (1964), \"The Ipcress File\" (1965), \"Alfie\" (1966), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, \"The Italian Job\" (1969), and \"Battle of Britain\" (1969).", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ His most notable roles in the 1970s included \"Get Carter\" (1971), \"The\" \"Last\" \"Valley\" (1971), \"Sleuth\" (1972), for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination, \"The Man Who Would Be King\" (1975), and \"A Bridge Too Far\" (1977).", "Ndamukong Suh __knowledge__ Ndamukong Ngwa Suh ( , born January 6, 1987) is an American football defensive tackle for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL).", "Ndamukong Suh __knowledge__ He was drafted by the Detroit Lions second overall in the 2010 NFL Draft.", "Ndamukong Suh __knowledge__ He played college football at Nebraska, where he earned All-American honors.", "Ndamukong Suh __knowledge__ As a college senior, Suh became one of the most decorated players in college football history.", "Ndamukong Suh __knowledge__ He won numerous awards including the Associated Press College Football Player of the Year Award, Bronko Nagurski Trophy, Chuck Bednarik Award, Lombardi Award, and Outland Trophy, and was recognized as a unanimous All-American.", "Kuk Sool Won __knowledge__ Kuk Sool Won () is a Korean martial arts system founded by Suh In-Hyuk (), the \"Kuksa\" (National teacher(lit.", "Kuk Sool Won __knowledge__ )/grandmaster) in 1961.", "Kuk Sool Won __knowledge__ The name \"Kuk Sool Won\" translates to \"National Martial Art Association\" and despite often being shortened to \"Kuk Sool\", the name \"kuk sool\" (국술; 國術) is a non-trademarked name used to denote similar Korean martial arts developed prior to or about the same time as the formation of Kuk Sool Won.", "Kuk Sool Won __knowledge__ Kuk Sool Won is currently taught world-wide and since it was founded as a martial arts system and not merely as a martial arts style, Kuk Sool Won does not consider itself limited to any single discipline.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ Catholic resistance to Nazism was a component of German resistance to Nazism and of Resistance during World War II.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ The role of the Church during the Nazi years was always, and remains however, a matter of much contention.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ Many writers, echoing Klaus Scholder, have concluded, \"There was no Catholic resistance in Germany, there were only Catholics who resisted.\"", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ The Vatican policy meant that the Pope never challenged Catholics to side either with National Socialism or with Catholic morality, and Pius XII was so adamant that Bolshevism represented the most terrible threat to the world that he remarked, 'Germany are a great nation who, in their fight against Bolshevism, are bleeding not only for their friends but also for the sake of their present enemies'.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ The Indian Armed Forces (: \"Bhāratīya Saśastra Senāeṃ\") are the military forces of the Republic of India.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ It consists of three professional uniformed services: the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ Additionally, the Indian Armed Forces are supported by the Indian Coast Guard and paramilitary organisations (Assam Rifles, and Special Frontier Force) and various inter-service commands and institutions such as the Strategic Forces Command, the Andaman and Nicobar Command and the Integrated Defence Staff.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ The Indian Armed Forces are under the management of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of the Government of India.", "Sami people __knowledge__ The Sami people (also known as the Sámi or the Saami) are a Finno-Ugric people inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses large parts of Norway and Sweden, northern parts of Finland, and the Murmansk Oblast of Russia.", "Sami people __knowledge__ The Sami have historically been known in English as the Lapps or the Laplanders, but these terms can be perceived as derogatory.", "Sami people __knowledge__ The Sami are the only indigenous people in Scandinavia that are recognized and protected under the international conventions of indigenous peoples, and are hence one of the northernmost indigenous people of Europe.", "Sami people __knowledge__ Sami ancestral lands are not well-defined.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The first use of horses in warfare occurred over 5,000 years ago.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of horses ridden in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ A Sumerian illustration of warfare from 2500 BC depicts some type of equine pulling wagons.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ By 1600 BC, improved harness and chariot designs made chariot warfare common throughout the Ancient Near East, and the earliest written training manual for war horses was a guide for training chariot horses written about 1350 BC.", "Horses in warfare __knowledge__ As formal cavalry tactics replaced the chariot, so did new training methods, and by 360 BC, the Greek cavalry officer Xenophon had written an extensive treatise on horsemanship." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 7, 6 ]

[ "well the domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\" which forms part of the world-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "there has been a long association with humans and has lead to dogs becoming uniquely attuned to human behavior and theya re able to thrive on a starch-rich diet ", "yes and they perform many roles for people suh as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and miltary, companionship and more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. ", "yes! and they vary widely in shape, size and colors" ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Husky", "They are supposed to be great dogs, but I really don't know much about them. What do you like about Siberian Huskies?", "They sound fun! Are they generally smart dogs? ", "Oh, so they're also working dogs? Did they help herd livestock?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The Siberian Husky (Russian: Сибирский хаски) is a medium size working dog breed that originated in north-eastern Siberia, Russia.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is recognizable by its thickly furred double coat, erect triangular ears, and distinctive markings.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The original Siberian Huskies were bred by the Chukchi people whose hunter-gatherer culture relied on their help.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is an active, energetic, resilient breed, whose ancestors lived in the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ William Goosak, a Russian fur trader, introduced them to Nome, Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush, initially as sled dogs.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs were important for transportation in arctic areas, hauling supplies in areas that were inaccessible by other methods.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They were used with varying success in the explorations of both poles, as well as during the Alaskan gold rush.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dog teams delivered mail to rural communities in Alaska and northern Canada.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs today are still used by some rural communities, especially in areas of Alaska and Canada and throughout Greenland.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ They are used for recreational purposes and racing events, such as the Iditarod Trail and the Yukon Quest.", "Sled dog __knowledge__ Sled dogs have been used in Canada, Lapland, Greenland, Siberia, Chukotka, Norway, Finland, and Alaska.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ The Yukon Quest 1,000-mile International Sled Dog Race, or simply Yukon Quest, is a sled dog race run every February between Fairbanks, Alaska, and Whitehorse, Yukon.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ Because of the harsh winter conditions, difficult trail, and the limited support that competitors are allowed, it is considered the \"most difficult sled dog race in the world\", or even the \"toughest race in the world\".", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ In the competition, first run in 1984, a dog team leader (called a musher) and a team of 6 to 14 dogs race for 10 to 20 days.", "Yukon Quest __knowledge__ The course follows the route of the historic 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, mail delivery, and transportation routes between Fairbanks, Dawson City, and Whitehorse.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan husky is not considered a pure breed.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ It is defined only by its purpose, which is that of a highly efficient sled dog.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The husky is a blend of various Northern breeds, chosen particularly for skills such as pulling.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ Specializations in type exist within the category, such as freighting dogs (Mackenzie River husky, Malamute), sprint Alaskans (Eurohound), and distance Alaskans.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan husky is the sled dog of choice for world-class dog sled racing.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ None of the purebred northern breeds can match it for sheer racing speed.", "Alaskan husky __knowledge__ Sprint-racing events such as the Fairbanks, Alaska Open North American Championship and the Anchorage Fur Rendezvous are invariably won by teams of Alaskan huskies, or Alaskans crossed with hounds or gun dogs.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long-distance sled dog race run in early March from Settler's Bay to Nome, which takes place entirely in the US state of Alaska.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Mushers and a team of 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8–15 days or more.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ The Iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ Then a record, the second fastest winning time was recorded in 2016 by Dallas Seavey with a time of 8 days, 11 hours, 20 minutes, and 16 seconds.", "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race __knowledge__ As of 2012, Dallas Seavey was also the youngest musher to win the race at the age of 25.", "Dog sled __knowledge__ A dog sled or dog sleigh is a sled pulled by one or more sled dogs used to travel over ice and through snow.", "Dog sled __knowledge__ Numerous types of sleds are used, depending on their function.", "Dog sled __knowledge__ They can be used for dog sled racing.", "Dog sled __knowledge__ In Greenland the dogs pull in a fan shape in front of the sled opposed to other regions where to dogs pull side by side in pairs.", "Dog sled __knowledge__ Dog power has been used for hunting and travel for over a thousand years.", "Dog sled __knowledge__ As far back as the 10th century BCE these dogs have contributed to human culture.", "Dog sled __knowledge__ Assembling a dog sled team involves picking leader dogs, point dogs, swing dogs, and wheel dogs.", "Dog sled __knowledge__ The lead dog is crucial, so mushers take particular care of these dogs.", "Seppala Siberian Sleddog __knowledge__ A rare working dog breed, the Seppala Siberian Sleddog is developed for the purpose of pulling a sled in cold country.", "Seppala Siberian Sleddog __knowledge__ It is a moderate-sized dog averaging 18 to 23 kg (40 to 50 pounds) weight and 56 to 58 cm (22 or 23 inches) height.", "Seppala Siberian Sleddog __knowledge__ Colours and markings are considered of little importance; eyes may be brown, blue or any combination of the two colours.", "Seppala Siberian Sleddog __knowledge__ Seppalas are active and energetic but very docile and trainable.", "Seppala Siberian Sleddog __knowledge__ Seppäläs show a primitive canine type, never having been bred or selected for conformation or the show ring.", "Seppala Siberian Sleddog __knowledge__ The breed shares its ancestral base with the Siberian Husky and for half a century shared the same registry with that breed, but was bred always exclusively as a working sleddog breed in its own right and kept apart from show bloodlines.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ The Labrador Husky is a specific purebred dog.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ It is commonly mistaken for a Husky-Lab mix but in fact, it is its own breed.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ The Labrador Husky was originally brought to Labrador, Canada in the 1300s by the Inuit People.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ Its main purpose was to help the Inuit people survive in a highly demanding environment.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ To do so, the Labrador Husky was trained to pull sleds that transported goods.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ Labrador Huskies are known to be large but gentle dogs.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ The breed can grow to be bigger than the more commonly known Siberian Husky weighing in at 60-100 pounds.", "Labrador Husky __knowledge__ This dog was domesticated by families to serve as a family pet.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute is a large breed of domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") originally bred for hauling heavy freight because of their strength and endurance, and later a sled dog.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ They are similar to other arctic breeds, such as the Greenland Dog, Canadian Eskimo Dog, the Siberian Husky, and the Samoyed.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ The first dogs arrived in the Americas 12,000 years ago; however, people and their dogs did not settle in the Arctic until the Paleo-Eskimo people 4,500 years ago and then the Thule people 1,000 years ago, both originating from Siberia.", "Alaskan Malamute __knowledge__ Malamutes were thought to be created by the Malemiut Inupiaq people of Alaska's Norton Sound region, who were a Thule people.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Obedience implies compliance with the direction or command given by the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ For a dog to be considered obedient rather than simply trained in obedience, it must respond reliably each time its handler gives a command.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Training a dog in obedience can be an ongoing and lengthy process depending on the dog, the methods used, and the skill and understanding of both the trainer and the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ The level of obedience the handler wishes to achieve with the dog is also a major factor in the time involved, as is the commitment to training by the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Obedience training is often a prerequisite for or component of other training.", "Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier __knowledge__ The Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier () is a pure breed terrier originating from Ireland.", "Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier __knowledge__ These dogs are hypoallergenic, and are more easily tolerated by those allergic to other breeds.", "Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier __knowledge__ Wheatens typically have one of two coat types: Irish or American.", "Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier __knowledge__ The Irish coat is considered to be the breed standard.", "Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier __knowledge__ It is generally more silky and wavy than the American coat, which is thicker and more \"wooly\".", "Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier __knowledge__ Wheatens are generally friendly and playful, and tend to get along well with children and other dogs.", "Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier __knowledge__ The Wheaten was bred in Ireland for over two hundred years to be an all-purpose farm dog whose duties included herding, watching and guarding livestock, and vermin hunting and killing.", "Samuel Feijóo __knowledge__ Samuel Feijóo (November 27, 1914 in San Juan de los Yeras, Las Villas, Cuba - July 14, 1992 in Villa Clara, Cuba) was a Cuban writer and artist specializing in painting and illustration.", "Samuel Feijóo __knowledge__ Feijóo was a self-taught artist.", "Samuel Feijóo __knowledge__ He was a promoter of the popular artists movement in Las Villas, Cuba in 1960 and after 1969 he was vice-president of the Unión de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba (UNEAC) in Las Villas.", "Samuel Feijóo __knowledge__ Feijóo was the Director of Publications and Editor at the Universidad Central de Las Villas and was founder and director at \"Magazine Signos\" at the Universidad Central de Las Villas in 1971.", "Samuel Feijóo __knowledge__ Feijóo exhibited his works in 1961 in a show called \"Samuel Feijóo: Dibujos, Acuarelas y Aguafuertes\" at Biblioteca Nacional José Martí in Havana; in 1974 he had an exhibition called \"Feijóo/Cuba\" at the Silkeborg Kunst Museum in Silkeborg, Denmark; and in 1978 \"Samuel Feijóo.", "Ajay Yadav __knowledge__ Ajay Yadav (born 18 December 1986) is an Indian cricket player who plays for Jharkhand in the Ranji Trophy, the domestic first-class cricket competition in India.", "Ajay Yadav __knowledge__ He is right-hand batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler.", "Ajay Yadav __knowledge__ Yadav has played two Twenty20 matches for Jharkhand.", "Ajay Yadav __knowledge__ Yadav's parents died when he was young, and he continued their family dairy business.", "Life and Adventures of Four Friends 1/2 __knowledge__ Zhizn i priklyucheniya chetyrekh druzei 1/2 () (Russian: \"Жизнь и приключения четырех друзей 1/2\") is a 1980 Russian movie for children and family, about three smart dogs and one cat who eventually become friends and help people.", "Life and Adventures of Four Friends 1/2 __knowledge__ The film is set in Russia.", "Life and Adventures of Four Friends 1/2 __knowledge__ Adapted from the story of the same name by Yusef Printsev and directed by Oleg Yeryshev.", "Life and Adventures of Four Friends 1/2 __knowledge__ The first episode runs 63 minutes, and has two parts: 1.", "Life and Adventures of Four Friends 1/2 __knowledge__ Zakadychnye vragi (aka.. Soulmate enemies), and 2.", "Life and Adventures of Four Friends 1/2 __knowledge__ Nachalo puti (aka.. Beginning of the road).", "Life and Adventures of Four Friends 1/2 __knowledge__ This film is a prequel to Zhizn i priklyucheniya chetyrekh druzei 3/4, released later in 1981.", "Life and Adventures of Four Friends 1/2 __knowledge__ Both films were re-edited in 1994, in St. Petersburg, Russia, and released on VHS and DVD, becoming a popular family entertainment for all ages.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Julesburg, Limpopo __knowledge__ Julesburg is a township in Mopani District Municipality in the Limpopo province of South Africa.", "Julesburg, Limpopo __knowledge__ Julesburg,Tzaneen is a remote area which falls under Greater Tzaneen Municipality (GTM) ward 26,Julesburg is about 49,9 km from Tzaneen and about 12.5km from Maake plaza.", "Julesburg, Limpopo __knowledge__ Julesburg is a rural surbub.", "Julesburg, Limpopo __knowledge__ It has about 7 official villages namely Rhulani(capital), Hovheni, Nsolani, Nyanyukani, Bordex(Bodweni) divided into two (BOdweni yaka Regison (King Muhlaba) and Bodweni yaka Brown (braweni),Hweji.", "Julesburg, Limpopo __knowledge__ the areas nearer to Julesburg are Mokgapeng, Tours, Ofcolaco, Callies and Burgersdorp.", "Julesburg, Limpopo __knowledge__ Julesburg has a few notable alumni namely Tito Mboweni, O.J Mushwana(speaker Mopani district), Neil Shikwambana( spokesperson) Mopani district and DR Garich.", "Imperial Japanese Army Air Service __knowledge__ The or, more literally, the Greater Japan Empire Army Air Corps, was the aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).", "Imperial Japanese Army Air Service __knowledge__ Just as the IJA in general was modeled mainly on the German Army, the IJAAS initially developed along similar lines to the Imperial German Army Aviation; its primary mission was to provide tactical close air support for ground forces, as well as a limited air interdiction capability.", "Imperial Japanese Army Air Service __knowledge__ The IJAAS also provided aerial reconnaissance to other branches of the IJA.", "Imperial Japanese Army Air Service __knowledge__ While the IJAAS engaged in strategic bombing of cities such as Shanghai, Nanking, Canton, Chongqing, Rangoon, and Mandalay, this was not the primary mission of the IJAAS, and it lacked a heavy bomber force.", "Operations Ginny I and II __knowledge__ Operations Ginny I and II were two ill-fated sabotage missions conducted by the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1944 during the Italian campaign of World War II.", "Operations Ginny I and II __knowledge__ Their aim was to blow up railway tunnels that would cut the line of communication to German forces in central Italy.", "Operations Ginny I and II __knowledge__ The first mission, \"Ginny I\", occurred on February 27/28, 1944, when fifteen U.S. soldiers attempted to land west of the small town of Framura.", "Operations Ginny I and II __knowledge__ However, the OSS team had to abort after they landed on the wrong spot and could not find the tunnel.", "Operations Ginny I and II __knowledge__ The second attempt, \"Ginny II\", occurred a month later on March 22 when the same team attempted to land on the same spot.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The Siberian Husky (Russian: Сибирский хаски) is a medium size working dog breed that originated in north-eastern Siberia, Russia.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is recognizable by its thickly furred double coat, erect triangular ears, and distinctive markings.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ The original Siberian Huskies were bred by the Chukchi people whose hunter-gatherer culture relied on their help.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ It is an active, energetic, resilient breed, whose ancestors lived in the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic.", "Siberian Husky __knowledge__ William Goosak, a Russian fur trader, introduced them to Nome, Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush, initially as sled dogs.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ Sabino is a group of white spotting patterns in horses that affect the skin and hair.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ A wide variety of irregular color patterns are accepted as sabino.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ In the strictest sense, \"sabino\" refers to the white patterns produced by the \"Sabino 1\" (SB1) gene, for which there is a DNA test.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ However, other horse enthusiasts also refer to patterns that are visually similar to SB1 as \"sabino\", even if testing indicates the gene is not present.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ Use of the term to describe non-SB1 \"sabino\" patterns in breeds that apparently do not carry the gene is hotly debated by both researchers and horse breeders.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ Sabino patterning is visually recognized by roaning at the edges of white markings, belly spots, irregular face markings, especially white extending past the eyes or onto the chin, white above the knees or hocks, and \"splash\" or \"lacy\" marks anywhere on the body, but particularly on the belly.", "Uniforms of the United States Air Force __knowledge__ The United States Air Force uniform is the standardized military attire worn by airmen of the United States Air Force.", "Uniforms of the United States Air Force __knowledge__ Specific Air Force Instructions address standardized wear that is identical for members of both the Active Component (i.e., the Regular Air Force) and that of the service's two reserve components that comprise the Air Reserve Component, that being the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard.", "Uniforms of the United States Air Force __knowledge__ This includes personnel in the Air Force's sole enlisted accession program, Basic Military Training (BMT), and the three USAF commissioned officer accession programs: Officer Training School (OTS) officer trainees, college/university level Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps (AFROTC) cadets and United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) cadets.", "Equine coat color __knowledge__ Horses exhibit a diverse array of coat colors and distinctive markings.", "Equine coat color __knowledge__ A specialized vocabulary has evolved to describe them.", "Equine coat color __knowledge__ While most horses remain the same color throughout life, a few, over the course of several years, will develop a different coat color from that with which they were born.", "Equine coat color __knowledge__ Most white markings are present at birth, and the underlying skin color of a horse does not change, absent disease.", "Equine coat color __knowledge__ The basic outline of equine coat color genetics has largely been resolved, and DNA tests to determine the likelihood that a horse will have offspring of a given color have been developed for some colors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Husky __knowledge__ Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.", "Husky __knowledge__ They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is \"the largest and most powerful\" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are used in sled dog racing.", "Husky __knowledge__ In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.", "Husky __knowledge__ Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.", "Husky __knowledge__ The word \"husky\" originated from the word referring to Arctic people in general, Eskimos (a.k.a.", "Husky __knowledge__ Inuit), \"...known as 'huskies', a contraction of 'Huskimos', the pronunciation given to the word 'Eskimos' by the English sailors of trading vessels.\"", "Husky __knowledge__ The use of \"husky\" is recorded from 1852 for dogs kept by Inuit people.", "Husky __knowledge__ Nearly all dogs' genetic closeness to the gray wolf is due to admixture.", "Husky __knowledge__ However, several Arctic breeds also show a genetic closeness with the now-extinct Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture: the Siberian Husky and Greenland dog (which are also historically associated with Arctic human populations) and to a lesser extent, the Shar Pei and Finnish spitz.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ The Rottweiler ( or , ) is a breed of domestic dog, regarded as medium-to-large or large.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ The dogs were known in German as , meaning Rottweil butchers' dogs, because their main use was to herd livestock and pull carts laden with butchered meat to market.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ This continued until the mid-19th century when railways replaced droving.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ Although still used to herd stock in many parts of the world, Rottweilers are now also used as search and rescue dogs, as guard dogs and police dogs.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ The Rottweiler is one of the oldest of herding breeds.", "Rottweiler __knowledge__ With a history possibly dating back to the Roman Empire, the Rottweiler may be a descendant of ancient Roman drover dogs; a mastiff-type dog that was a dependable, rugged dog with great intelligence and guarding instincts.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ A herding dog, also known as a stock dog or working dog, is a type of pastoral dog that either has been trained in herding or belongs to breeds developed for herding.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Their ability to be trained to act on the sound of a whistle or word of command is renowned throughout the world.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Collies are recommended as herding dogs.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ All herding behavior is modified predatory behavior.", "Herding dog __knowledge__ Through selective breeding, humans have been able to minimize the dog's natural inclination to treat cattle and sheep as prey while simultaneously maintaining the dog's hunting skills, thereby creating an effective herding dog.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ Dogs in warfare have a long history starting in ancient times.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ From war dogs trained in combat to their use as scouts, sentries and trackers, their uses have been varied and some continue to exist in modern military usage.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ War dogs were used by the Egyptians, Greeks, Persians, Sarmatians, Baganda, Alans, Slavs, Britons, and the Romans.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ The Molossus dog of the Molossia region of Epirus was the strongest known to the Romans, and was specifically trained for battle.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ Among the Greeks and Romans, dogs served most often as sentries or patrols, though they were sometimes taken into battle.", "Dogs in warfare __knowledge__ The earliest use of war dogs in a battle recorded in classical sources was by Alyattes of Lydia against the Cimmerians around 600 BC.", "Working terrier __knowledge__ A working terrier is a small type of dog which pursues its quarry into the earth.", "Working terrier __knowledge__ According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", the name dates back to at least 1440, derived from French \"chien terrier\" 'digging dog', from Medieval Latin \"terrarius\", ultimately from Latin \"terra\" (earth).", "Working terrier __knowledge__ With the growth of popularity of fox hunting in Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries, terriers were extensively bred to follow the red fox, and also the Eurasian badger, into its underground burrow, referred to as \"terrier work\" and \"going to ground\".", "Working terrier __knowledge__ The purpose of the terrier is to locate the quarry, and either bark and bolt it free or to a net, or trap or hold it so that it can be dug down to and killed or captured.", "Hunter-gatherer __knowledge__ A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.", "Hunter-gatherer __knowledge__ Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history.", "Hunter-gatherer __knowledge__ Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers who did not change have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world.", "Hunter-gatherer __knowledge__ Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture or keeping animals.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The Paleolithic (or \"Palaeolithic\") age is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools and covers roughly 95% of human technological prehistory.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools, probably by \"Homo habilis\" initially, 2.6 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene around 10,000 BP.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The Paleolithic era is followed by the Mesolithic.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The date of the Paleolithic–Mesolithic boundary may vary by locality as much as several thousand years.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ During the Paleolithic period, humans grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals.", "Tita Merello __knowledge__ Tita Merello (born Laura Ana Merello; 11 October 1904 in Buenos Aires, Argentina – 24 December 2002 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a prominent Argentine film actress, tango dancer and singer of the Golden Age of Argentine Cinema (1940–1960).", "Tita Merello __knowledge__ In her 6 decades in Argentine entertainment, at the time of her death, she had filmed over thirty movies, premiered twenty plays, had nine television appearances, completed three radio series and had had countless appearances in print media.", "Tita Merello __knowledge__ She was one of the singers who emerged in the 1920s along with Azucena Maizani, Libertad Lamarque, Ada Falcón, and Rosita Quiroga, who created the female voices of tango.", "Original affluent society __knowledge__ The \"original affluent society\" is a theory postulating that hunter-gatherers were the original affluent society.", "Original affluent society __knowledge__ This theory was first articulated by Marshall Sahlins at a symposium entitled \"Man the Hunter\" in 1966.", "Original affluent society __knowledge__ The significance of the theory stems from its role in shifting anthropological thought away from seeing hunter-gatherer societies as primitive, to seeing them as practitioners of a refined mode of subsistence.", "Original affluent society __knowledge__ At the time of the symposium new research by anthropologists, such as Richard B. Lee's work on the !Kung of southern Africa, was challenging popular notions that hunter-gatherer societies were always near the brink of starvation and continuously engaged in a struggle for survival.", "Genetic history of Europe __knowledge__ The genetic history of Europe encompasses the history of the patterns of genetic diversity among the human populations of the European continent.", "Genetic history of Europe __knowledge__ The history reflects the patterns of demographic and ethnic changes that have occurred in Europe throughout time.", "Genetic history of Europe __knowledge__ The primary data comes from sequences of mitochondrial, Y-chromosome and autosomal DNA (including single-nucleotide polymorphisms), from modern populations and, where available, from ancient DNA.", "Genetic history of Europe __knowledge__ One of the first scholars to perform genetic studies was Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza.", "Genetic history of Europe __knowledge__ He used classical genetic markers to analyse DNA by proxy.", "Genetic history of Europe __knowledge__ This method studies differences in the frequencies of particular allelic traits, namely polymorphisms from proteins found within human blood (such as the ABO blood groups, Rhesus blood antigens, HLA loci, immunoglobulins, G6PD isoenzymes, among others).", "Alain Testart __knowledge__ Alain Testart (Paris, 30 December 1945 – 2 September 2013) was a French social anthropologist, emeritus research director at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris and member of the Laboratory for Social Anthropology at the Collège de France.", "Alain Testart __knowledge__ He specialized in primitives societies (like those of the Australian Aborigines and the hunter-gatherers in general) and comparative anthropology.", "Alain Testart __knowledge__ His research themes included: slavery, marriage arrangements, funeral practices, gift and exchange, typology of societies, the political, the evolution of the societies, and questions of interpretation in prehistoric archaeology." ] ]

[ 6, 14, 64, 1 ]

[ "I really wish I had a Siberian Husky as a pet.", "I like how active and energetic they are. That, as well as their distinctive markings.", "I think so, they were bred by hunter-gatherers that relied on their help.", "I think you could say that. They were bred to pull sleds in the harsh Northern climates." ]

[ "Husky", "Husky", "Husky", "Husky" ]

[ "Miranda Lambert", "I've heard of Miranda Lambert but I don't know a lot about her. Can you tell me more about her?", "That's the year my sister was born! What sort of music is she known for?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Miranda Leigh Lambert (born November 10, 1983) is an American singer and songwriter.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Outside her solo career, she is a member of the Pistol Annies alongside Ashley Monroe and Angaleena Presley.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Lambert has been honored by the Grammy Awards, the Academy of Country Music Awards, and the Country Music Association Awards.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Lambert's debut album \"Kerosene\" (2005) was certified Platinum in the United States, and produced the singles \"Me and Charlie Talking\", \"Bring Me Down\", \"Kerosene\", and \"New Strings\".", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ All four singles reached the top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Her second album, \"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\", was released in early 2007.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Three of its singles (\"Famous in a Small Town\", \"Gunpowder & Lead\", and \"More Like Her\") peaked within the top 20 on the country songs chart, with \"Gunpowder & Lead\" becoming her first top 10 entry in July 2008.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Revolution\", was released in September 2009.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Two of its songs–\"The House That Built Me\" and \"Heart Like Mine\"–topped the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ 2011's \"Four the Record\", included the singles \"Baggage Claim\", \"Over You\", \"Fastest Girl in Town\", \"Mama's Broken Heart\", and \"All Kinds of Kinds\".", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Lambert released her fifth album, \"Platinum\", in 2014." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Miranda Leigh Lambert (born November 10, 1983) is an American singer and songwriter.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Outside her solo career, she is a member of the Pistol Annies alongside Ashley Monroe and Angaleena Presley.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Lambert has been honored by the Grammy Awards, the Academy of Country Music Awards, and the Country Music Association Awards.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Lambert's debut album \"Kerosene\" (2005) was certified Platinum in the United States, and produced the singles \"Me and Charlie Talking\", \"Bring Me Down\", \"Kerosene\", and \"New Strings\".", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ All four singles reached the top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Her second album, \"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\", was released in early 2007.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Three of its singles (\"Famous in a Small Town\", \"Gunpowder & Lead\", and \"More Like Her\") peaked within the top 20 on the country songs chart, with \"Gunpowder & Lead\" becoming her first top 10 entry in July 2008.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Revolution\", was released in September 2009.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Two of its songs–\"The House That Built Me\" and \"Heart Like Mine\"–topped the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ 2011's \"Four the Record\", included the singles \"Baggage Claim\", \"Over You\", \"Fastest Girl in Town\", \"Mama's Broken Heart\", and \"All Kinds of Kinds\".", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Lambert released her fifth album, \"Platinum\", in 2014.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ Ashley Lauren Monroe is an American country music singer-songwriter.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ She has released two solo singles on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ The singles \"Satisfied\" and \"I Don't Want To\" (which featured Brooks & Dunn singer Ronnie Dunn) reached No.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ 43 and No.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ 37, respectively.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ Both singles were intended to be released on Monroe's debut album, \"Satisfied\", in 2007, but the album went unreleased.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ Monroe left Columbia Records' roster in late 2007, and \"Satisfied\" was finally released on May 19, 2009.", "Ashley Monroe __knowledge__ In June 2011, Monroe, Miranda Lambert and Angaleena Presley formed a band called Pistol Annies.", "Dead Flowers (Miranda Lambert song) __knowledge__ \"Dead Flowers\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert.", "Dead Flowers (Miranda Lambert song) __knowledge__ On May 4, 2009, the song was released as the lead-off single from her album \"Revolution\".", "Dead Flowers (Miranda Lambert song) __knowledge__ Additionally, the song was included on an EP release also titled \"Dead Flowers\".", "Dead Flowers (Miranda Lambert song) __knowledge__ Lambert debuted \"Dead Flowers\" at the 44th annual Academy of Country Music Awards on April 5, 2009.", "Dead Flowers (Miranda Lambert song) __knowledge__ The song is a ballad in the key of E major about a love gone bad, driven by acoustic guitar and percussion.", "Dead Flowers (Miranda Lambert song) __knowledge__ The narrator is saddened by the images of dead flowers and Christmas lights that are burned out, that symbolize their current relationship.", "Revolution (Miranda Lambert album) __knowledge__ Revolution is the third studio album by American country music singer Miranda Lambert.", "Revolution (Miranda Lambert album) __knowledge__ The album was released on September 29, 2009, by Columbia Nashville.", "Revolution (Miranda Lambert album) __knowledge__ The album includes the singles \"Dead Flowers\", \"White Liar,\" \"The House That Built Me,\" \"Only Prettier\" and \"Heart Like Mine,\" all of which have charted on the U.S. \"Billboard\" country chart.", "Revolution (Miranda Lambert album) __knowledge__ \"Revolution\" won the Album of the Year award at the Academy of Country Music Awards and at the Country Music Association Awards in 2010.", "Revolution (Miranda Lambert album) __knowledge__ Lambert began working on \"Revolution\" in February 2009.", "Revolution (Miranda Lambert album) __knowledge__ She wrote or co-wrote all but four of the album's 15 tracks.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ Blake Tollison Shelton (born June 18, 1976) is an American country singer-songwriter and television personality.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ In 2001, he made his debut with the single \"Austin\".", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ The lead-off single from his self-titled debut album, \"Austin\" spent five weeks at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ The now Platinum-certified debut album also produced two more top 20 entries (\"All Over Me\" and \"Ol' Red\").", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ Although the album was released on Giant Records Nashville, he was transferred to Warner Bros. Records Nashville after Giant closed in late 2001.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ His second and third albums, 2003's \"The Dreamer\" and 2004's \"Blake Shelton's Barn & Grill\", are gold and platinum, respectively.", "50th Annual Country Music Association Awards __knowledge__ The 50th Annual Country Music Association Awards, commonly known as CMA 50 or the 50th CMA Awards, were held on November 2, 2016 at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville.", "50th Annual Country Music Association Awards __knowledge__ The ceremony recognises some of the best country music released during the eligibility period (between July 1, 2015 and July 20, 2016).", "50th Annual Country Music Association Awards __knowledge__ It is the eleventh ceremony to be held at the Arena, the seventeenth to be held in November and the ninth night to be co-hosted by country stars Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood.", "50th Annual Country Music Association Awards __knowledge__ The ceremony was directed by Paul Miller.", "50th Annual Country Music Association Awards __knowledge__ As it was the 50th anniversary of the awards, the Country Music Association ran an extensive promotional campaign and CMA Executive Produced Robert Deaton stated that the aim of the ceremony was to include a lot of \"heritage artists\" and honor the history of country music, stressing that there would be less of a focus on artists promoting their current singles as is usually the case so that greater time could be spent including \"exciting throwbacks\".", "Miranda Lambert discography __knowledge__ The discography of Miranda Lambert, an American country artist, consists of seven studio albums, one extended play, seven other appearances, 27 singles (including four as a featured artist), and 12 music videos.", "Miranda Lambert discography __knowledge__ Lambert has sold an estimated 7 million albums in the United States, with her first six studio albums being certified platinum.", "Miranda Lambert discography __knowledge__ In 2001, Lambert released a self-titled and self-financed independent album.", "Miranda Lambert discography __knowledge__ After gaining exposure as the third-place winner of the television competition \"Nashville Star,\" Lambert signed with Epic Nashville in 2004.", "Miranda Lambert discography __knowledge__ Lambert's debut major-label album, \"Kerosene\", was released in March 2005.", "Spartina alterniflora __knowledge__ Spartina alterniflora, the smooth cordgrass, saltmarsh cordgrass, or salt-water cordgrass, is a perennial deciduous grass which is found in intertidal wetlands, especially estuarine salt marshes.", "Spartina alterniflora __knowledge__ It grows tall and has smooth, hollow stems which bear leaves up to long and wide at their base, which are sharply tapered and bend down at their tips.", "Spartina alterniflora __knowledge__ Like its relative saltmeadow cordgrass \"S. patens\", it produces flowers and seeds on only one side of the stalk.", "Spartina alterniflora __knowledge__ The flowers are a yellowish-green, turning brown by the winter.", "Spartina alterniflora __knowledge__ It has rhizoidal roots, which, when broken off, can result in vegetative asexual growth.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Teymanak-e Olya __knowledge__ Teymanak-e Olya (, also Romanized as Teymanak-e ‘Olyā and Teymanak ‘Olyā; also known as Teymanak and Teymanak-e Bālā) is a village in Jolgeh-ye Musaabad Rural District, in the Central District of Torbat-e Jam County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.", "Teymanak-e Olya __knowledge__ At the 2006 census, its population was 559, in 117 families.", "Sex and the City __knowledge__ Sex and the City is an American romantic comedy-drama television series created by Darren Star and produced by HBO.", "Sex and the City __knowledge__ Broadcast from 1998 until 2004, the original run of the show had a total of 94 episodes.", "Sex and the City __knowledge__ Throughout its six-year run, the show received contributions from various producers, writers, and directors, perhaps most significantly from Michael Patrick King.", "Sex and the City __knowledge__ Set and filmed in New York City and based on the 1997 book of the same name by Candace Bushnell, the show follows the lives of a group of four women—three in their mid-thirties and one in her forties—who, despite their different natures and ever-changing sex lives, remain inseparable and confide in each other.", "Concord of Sweet Sounds __knowledge__ The Concord of Sweet Sounds is a 1963 Australian TV play starring Stuart Wagstaff, directed by Henri Safran and written by Patricia Hooker.", "Concord of Sweet Sounds __knowledge__ Henry Gilbert played a musical genius.", "Concord of Sweet Sounds __knowledge__ It was adapted for radio in 1967.", "Concord of Sweet Sounds __knowledge__ Pianist Robert Gehrman arrives in Sydney.", "Concord of Sweet Sounds __knowledge__ Maggy is his secretary.", "Concord of Sweet Sounds __knowledge__ Patricia Hooker was bst known for writing radio.", "Concord of Sweet Sounds __knowledge__ Henri Safran had been producing \"Four Corners\".", "Concord of Sweet Sounds __knowledge__ The critic for the \"Sydney Morning Herald\" wrote that: In the imagination of most authors who dramatise the lives of concert pianists, not much can happen before flying fingers take off on the Revolutionary Study, or soulful eyes gaze out over the Liebestraum.", "Daniel Lambert __knowledge__ Daniel Lambert ( 1770 – 1809) was a gaol keeper and animal breeder from Leicester, England, famous for his unusually large size.", "Daniel Lambert __knowledge__ After serving four years as an apprentice at an engraving and die casting works in Birmingham, he returned to Leicester around 1788 and succeeded his father as keeper of Leicester's gaol.", "Daniel Lambert __knowledge__ He was a keen sportsman and extremely strong; on one occasion he fought a bear in the streets of Leicester.", "Daniel Lambert __knowledge__ He was an expert in sporting animals, widely respected for his expertise with dogs, horses and fighting cocks.", "Daniel Lambert __knowledge__ At the time of Lambert's return to Leicester, his weight began to increase steadily, even though he was athletically active and, by his own account, abstained from drinking alcohol and did not eat unusual amounts of food." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Miranda Leigh Lambert (born November 10, 1983) is an American singer and songwriter.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Outside her solo career, she is a member of the Pistol Annies alongside Ashley Monroe and Angaleena Presley.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Lambert has been honored by the Grammy Awards, the Academy of Country Music Awards, and the Country Music Association Awards.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Lambert's debut album \"Kerosene\" (2005) was certified Platinum in the United States, and produced the singles \"Me and Charlie Talking\", \"Bring Me Down\", \"Kerosene\", and \"New Strings\".", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ All four singles reached the top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Her second album, \"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\", was released in early 2007.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Three of its singles (\"Famous in a Small Town\", \"Gunpowder & Lead\", and \"More Like Her\") peaked within the top 20 on the country songs chart, with \"Gunpowder & Lead\" becoming her first top 10 entry in July 2008.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Revolution\", was released in September 2009.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Two of its songs–\"The House That Built Me\" and \"Heart Like Mine\"–topped the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ 2011's \"Four the Record\", included the singles \"Baggage Claim\", \"Over You\", \"Fastest Girl in Town\", \"Mama's Broken Heart\", and \"All Kinds of Kinds\".", "Miranda Lambert __knowledge__ Lambert released her fifth album, \"Platinum\", in 2014.", "Sorting algorithm __knowledge__ In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list in a certain order.", "Sorting algorithm __knowledge__ The most-used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order.", "Sorting algorithm __knowledge__ Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the use of other algorithms (such as search and merge algorithms) which require input data to be in sorted lists; it is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output.", "Sorting algorithm __knowledge__ More formally, the output must satisfy two conditions: Further, the data is often taken to be in an array, which allows random access, rather than a list, which only allows sequential access, though often algorithms can be applied with suitable modification to either type of data.", "Radix sort __knowledge__ In computer science, radix sort is a non-comparative integer sorting algorithm that sorts data with integer keys by grouping keys by the individual digits which share the same significant position and value.", "Radix sort __knowledge__ A positional notation is required, but because integers can represent strings of characters (e.g., names or dates) and specially formatted floating point numbers, radix sort is not limited to integers.", "Radix sort __knowledge__ Radix sort dates back as far as 1887 to the work of Herman Hollerith on tabulating machines.", "Radix sort __knowledge__ Most digital computers internally represent all of their data as electronic representations of binary numbers, so processing the digits of integer representations by groups of binary digit representations is most convenient.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Showtime TV series \"Dexter\" and the Jeff Lindsay novels, including \"Darkly Dreaming Dexter\" (on which the show was based), \"Dearly Devoted Dexter\", \"Dexter in the Dark\", \"Dexter by Design\", and \"Dexter is Delicious\".", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ Dexter \"Dex\" Morgan is the titular protagonist and narrator of the series.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ Dexter is a forensics expert and blood spatter analyst employed by the Miami Metro Police Department, but has a double life as a vigilante serial killer.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ As young boys, he and his older brother Brian witnessed the murder of their mother, Laura Moser, and were left for two days in a shipping container filled with blood.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of minor Blandings characters __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the fictional characters featured in the Blandings Castle stories of P. G. Wodehouse.", "List of minor Blandings characters __knowledge__ One of Lord Emsworth's many sisters, Lady Alcester is very fond of dogs (at one point she owns four Pekes (one of which is called Susan), two Pomeranians, a Yorkshire Terrier, five Sealyhams, a Borzoi and an Airedale), making her an ideal customer for her nephew Freddie Threepwood when he comes to England to promote his father-in-law Mr Donaldson's dog biscuits; much to Freddie's disgust, she feeds her many dogs on \"Peterson's Pup-food\".", "List of minor Blandings characters __knowledge__ The mother of Gertrude, in \"Company for Gertrude\" Lady Georgiana disapproves of her daughter's liaison with \"Beefy\" Bingham, until she learns of his prospects, and is even more against the crooning tenor Orlo Watkins in \"The Go-getter\".", "Insertion sort __knowledge__ Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array (or list) one item at a time.", "Insertion sort __knowledge__ It is much less efficient on large lists than more advanced algorithms such as quicksort, heapsort, or merge sort.", "Insertion sort __knowledge__ However, insertion sort provides several advantages: When people manually sort cards in a bridge hand, most use a method that is similar to insertion sort.", "Insertion sort __knowledge__ Insertion sort iterates, consuming one input element each repetition, and growing a sorted output list.", "Insertion sort __knowledge__ At each iteration, insertion sort removes one element from the input data, finds the location it belongs within the sorted list, and inserts it there.", "Goose bumps __knowledge__ Goose bumps, goose pimples or goose flesh are the bumps on a person's skin at the base of body hairs which may involuntarily develop when a person is cold or experiences strong emotions such as fear, euphoria or sexual arousal.", "Goose bumps __knowledge__ The medical term for the effect is \"cutis anserina \"or horripilation.", "Goose bumps __knowledge__ The formation of goose bumps in humans under stress is considered to be a vestigial reflex; and its function in other apes is to raise the body's hair, and would have made our human ancestors appear larger to scare off predators or to increase the amount of air trapped in the fur to make it more insulating.", "Women in Hinduism __knowledge__ Hindu texts present diverse and conflicting views on the position of women, ranging from feminine leadership as the highest goddess, to limiting her role to an obedient daughter, housewife and mother.", "Women in Hinduism __knowledge__ The \"Devi Sukta\" hymn of Rigveda, a scripture of Hinduism, declares the feminine energy as the essence of the universe, the one who creates all matter and consciousness, the eternal and infinite, the metaphysical and empirical reality (Brahman), the soul (supreme self) of everything.", "Women in Hinduism __knowledge__ The woman is celebrated as the most powerful and the empowering force in some Hindu Upanishads, Sastras and Puranas, particularly the Devi Upanishad, Devi Mahatmya and Devi-Bhagavata Purana.", "Freyja __knowledge__ In Norse mythology, Freyja (; Old Norse for \"(the) Lady\") is a goddess associated with love, sex, beauty, fertility, gold, seiðr, war, and death.", "Freyja __knowledge__ Freyja is the owner of the necklace Brísingamen, rides a chariot pulled by two cats, keeps the boar Hildisvíni by her side, possesses a cloak of falcon feathers, and, by her husband Óðr, is the mother of two daughters, Hnoss and Gersemi.", "Freyja __knowledge__ Along with her brother Freyr (Old Norse \"(the) Lord\"), her father Njörðr, and her mother (Njörðr's sister, unnamed in sources), she is a member of the Vanir.", "Freyja __knowledge__ Stemming from Old Norse \"Freyja\", modern forms of the name include Freya, Freyia, and Freja.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ Sexuality in ancient Rome, and more broadly, \"sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome,\" are indicated by Roman art, literature and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ It has sometimes been assumed that \"unlimited sexual license\" was characteristic of ancient Rome; Verstraete and Provençal express the opinion that this perspective was simply a Christian interpretation: \"The sexuality of the Romans has never had good press in the West ever since the rise of Christianity.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ In the popular imagination and culture, it is synonymous with sexual license and abuse.\"", "Ēostre __knowledge__ Ēostre or Ostara ( , Northumbrian dialect ' ; ) is a Germanic goddess who, by way of the Germanic month bearing her name (Northumbrian: '; West Saxon: '; ), is the namesake of the festival of Easter in some languages.", "Ēostre __knowledge__ Ēostre is attested solely by Bede in his 8th-century work \"The Reckoning of Time\", where Bede states that during ' (the equivalent of April), pagan Anglo-Saxons had held feasts in Ēostre's honor, but that this tradition had died out by his time, replaced by the Christian Paschal month, a celebration of the resurrection of Jesus.", "Ēostre __knowledge__ By way of linguistic reconstruction, the matter of a goddess called ' in the Proto-Germanic language has been examined in detail since the foundation of Germanic philology in the 19th century by scholar Jacob Grimm and others.", "Human vestigiality __knowledge__ In the context of human evolution, human vestigiality involves those traits (such as organs or behaviors) occurring in humans that have lost all or most of their original function through evolution.", "Human vestigiality __knowledge__ Although structures called \"vestigial\" often appear functionless, a vestigial structure may retain lesser functions or develop minor new ones.", "Human vestigiality __knowledge__ In some cases, structures once identified as vestigial simply had an unrecognized function.", "Human vestigiality __knowledge__ The examples of human vestigiality are numerous, including the anatomical (such as the human tailbone, wisdom teeth, and inside corner of the eye), the behavioral (goose bumps and palmar grasp reflex), and molecular (pseudogenes).", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "Nothing is better then sitting around and listening to the sweet sounds of Miranda Leigh Lambert. Don't you agree? ", "She is a goddess among women. November 10, 1983 was the day a goddess was born. Her voice is enough to give you goose bumps.", "She sings country music solo but also plays in Pistol Annies alongside Ashley Monroe and Angaleena Presley" ]

[ "Miranda Lambert", "Miranda Lambert", "Miranda Lambert" ]

[ "Pizza", "Oh I agree. I am a bit strange though because I love to have chicken and pineapple on mine.", "Its still great no matter which way you take it. Do you have a favourite pizzeria you would visit?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ The Big Pineapple is a heritage-listed tourist attraction at Nambour Connection Road, Woombye, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It was designed by Peddle Thorp and Harvey, Paul Luff, and Gary Smallcombe and Associates.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It is also known as Sunshine Plantation.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 March 2009.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ The 2-level Big Pineapple is 16 metres high and was originally opened on 15 August 1971.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It is situated on a 165 hectare site.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ Under new ownership the owners are facilitating new attractions such as the award-winning Big Pineapple Music Festival and the Big Pineapple was also selected to host Midnight Oil within their reunion concert series in 2017.", "Frost __knowledge__ Frost is the coating or deposit of ice that may form in humid air in cold conditions, usually overnight.", "Frost __knowledge__ In temperate climates, it most commonly appears as fragile white crystals or frozen dew drops near the ground, but in cold climates, it occurs in a greater variety of forms.", "Frost __knowledge__ Frost is composed of delicate, branched patterns of ice crystals that formed as the result of fractal process development.", "Frost __knowledge__ The formation of frost is an indication that the air temperature has fallen below the freezing point of water, and plants that have evolved in warmer climates are known to suffer damage when the temperature falls low enough to freeze the water in the cells that make up the plant tissue.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ This is a list of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ Pope Francis' visit to the Philippines in January 2015 included the largest papal event in history with around 6–7 million attendees in his final mass at Manila, surpassing the then-largest papal event at World Youth Day 1995 in the same venue 20 years earlier.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ Francis visited Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for World Youth Day.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ This was the only scheduled foreign trip for him in the year.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ Francis was officially welcomed to Brazil during a ceremony at Guanabara palace and met with Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff.", "List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy __knowledge__ Throughout the celebrations, Francis gathered up to 3.5 million pilgrims to celebrate mass at Copacabana Beach.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "Five Nights at Freddy's __knowledge__ Five Nights at Freddy's (often abbreviated to FNaF) is a media franchise based around an indie video game series created, designed, developed, and published by Scott Cawthon for Microsoft Windows, iOS, and Android.", "Five Nights at Freddy's __knowledge__ The series is centered on the story of a fictional restaurant named Freddy Fazbear's Pizza, a pastiche of restaurants like Chuck E. Cheese's and ShowBiz Pizza Place.", "Five Nights at Freddy's __knowledge__ The first three games involve the player working as a nighttime security guard, in which they must utilize several tools, most notably checking security cameras, to survive against animatronic characters, which become mobile and homicidal after-hours.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The DiMeo crime family, later referred to as the Soprano crime family, is a fictional Mafia family from the HBO series \"The Sopranos.\"", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ It is thought to be loosely based on the DeCavalcante crime family, a real New Jersey Mafia family.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The DiMeo crime family consists of an administration and six crews.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from \"The Sopranos\" that are associated with the DiMeo crime family.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ In the series, the DiMeo crime family is believed to have been formed in Northern New Jersey in the 1950s.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ Ercole DiMeo is believed to have been the first official boss, although according to the book, \"The Sopranos Family History\" by Allen Rucker and David Chase, there was an earlier boss named Alfano, but he is never mentioned in the series.", "Uno Pizzeria & Grill __knowledge__ Uno Pizzeria & Grill (formerly Pizzeria Uno and Uno Chicago Grill), or more informally as Unos, is a franchised pizzeria restaurant chain under the parent company Uno Restaurant Holdings Corporation.", "Uno Pizzeria & Grill __knowledge__ Uno Pizzeria and Grill is best known for its Chicago-style deep dish pizza.", "Uno Pizzeria & Grill __knowledge__ Ike Sewell opened the first Pizzeria Uno in 1943.", "Uno Pizzeria & Grill __knowledge__ The first Uno's was established in 1943 by former University of Texas football star Ike Sewell and his friend, former World War II G.I.", "Uno Pizzeria & Grill __knowledge__ Ric Riccardo, in the River North neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.", "Uno Pizzeria & Grill __knowledge__ Sewell originally intended to open a Mexican restaurant because \"there wasn't a really decent Mexican restaurant in Chicago then.\"", "Hybrid cryptosystem __knowledge__ In cryptography, a hybrid cryptosystem is one which combines the convenience of a public-key cryptosystem with the efficiency of a symmetric-key cryptosystem.", "Hybrid cryptosystem __knowledge__ Public-key cryptosystems are convenient in that they do not require the sender and receiver to share a common secret in order to communicate securely (among other useful properties).", "Hybrid cryptosystem __knowledge__ However, they often rely on complicated mathematical computations and are thus generally much more inefficient than comparable symmetric-key cryptosystems.", "Hybrid cryptosystem __knowledge__ In many applications, the high cost of encrypting long messages in a public-key cryptosystem can be prohibitive.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Patsy's Pizzeria is a historic coal-oven pizzeria in New York City and is regarded as one of New York's original pizzerias as well as for its use of traditional New York style thin crust pizza.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Patsy's Pizzeria was founded in what used to be the predominantly Italian neighborhood of East Harlem in 1933 by Pasquale \"Patsy\" Lanceri.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ When it opened it was one of New York's earliest pizzerias along with Lombardi's, Totonno's and John's.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Patsy's claims to have originated the idea of selling pizza by the slice.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Lancieri is said to have learned his craft at Lombardi's brick-walled coal oven.", "Patsy's Pizzeria __knowledge__ New York's pizza dynasties are now in their third and fourth generations, and counting.", "Roquefort __knowledge__ Roquefort ( or ; ; from Occitan \"ròcafòrt\" ) is a sheep milk cheese from the south of France, and together with Bleu d'Auvergne, Stilton, and Gorgonzola is one of the world's best known blue cheeses.", "Roquefort __knowledge__ Though similar cheeses are produced elsewhere, EU law dictates that only those cheeses aged in the natural Combalou caves of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon may bear the name Roquefort, as it is a recognised geographical indication, or has a protected designation of origin.", "Roquefort __knowledge__ The cheese is white, tangy, crumbly and slightly moist, with distinctive veins of blue mold.", "Roquefort __knowledge__ It has characteristic odor and flavor with a notable taste of butyric acid; the blue veins provide a sharp tang.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.", "Cheese __knowledge__ It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep.", "Cheese __knowledge__ During production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The solids are separated and pressed into final form.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Some cheeses have molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ Augusta Township is a township in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville; located in eastern Ontario, Canada.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ Augusta is situated along the Saint Lawrence River, and extends back into rural hamlets.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ The township is located between the city of Brockville to the west, and the town of Prescott to the east.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ The hamlets and villages within Augusta were established prior to the 1900s; primarily by the United Empire Loyalists.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ There are plenty of buildings and homes still standing in the township today that were built by early settlers; many of these historic homes are even still occupied by direct descendants of the first settlers.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ Cheeses in Mexico have a history that begins with the Spanish conquest, as dairy products were unknown in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ The Spanish brought dairy animals, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, as well as cheesemaking techniques.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ Over the colonial period, cheesemaking was modified to suit the mixed European and indigenous tastes of the inhabitants of New Spain, varying by region.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ This blending and variations have given rise to a number of varieties of Mexican cheeses.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ These are most popular in the country, although European cheeses are made, as well.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ Almost all cheese in Mexico is made with cows’ milk, with some made from goats’ milk." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 41 ]

[ "My favorite food is Pizza, the traditional Italian dish with cheese and tomato sauce.", "I have heard of that before, but I like just plain cheese.", "Patsy's pizzeria is a really neat historic coal-oven pizzeria in Mew York" ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Unicorn", "i dont think they exist but hey what do i know", "I did not know they were in the bible" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Unicorn __knowledge__ The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ The unicorn was depicted in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and was mentioned by the ancient Greeks in accounts of natural history by various writers, including Ctesias, Strabo, Pliny the Younger, and Aelian.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ The Bible also describes an animal, the re'em, which some versions translate as \"unicorn\".", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In European folklore, the unicorn is often depicted as a white horse-like or goat-like animal with a long horn and cloven hooves (sometimes a goat's beard).", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, it was commonly described as an extremely wild woodland creature, a symbol of purity and grace, which could only be captured by a virgin.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In the encyclopedias its horn was said to have the power to render poisoned water potable and to heal sickness.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In medieval and Renaissance times, the tusk of the narwhal was sometimes sold as unicorn horn.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ Unicorns are not found in Greek mythology, but rather in the accounts of natural history, for Greek writers of natural history were convinced of the reality of unicorns, which they believed lived in India, a distant and fabulous realm for them." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Unicorn __knowledge__ The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ The unicorn was depicted in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and was mentioned by the ancient Greeks in accounts of natural history by various writers, including Ctesias, Strabo, Pliny the Younger, and Aelian.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ The Bible also describes an animal, the re'em, which some versions translate as \"unicorn\".", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In European folklore, the unicorn is often depicted as a white horse-like or goat-like animal with a long horn and cloven hooves (sometimes a goat's beard).", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, it was commonly described as an extremely wild woodland creature, a symbol of purity and grace, which could only be captured by a virgin.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In the encyclopedias its horn was said to have the power to render poisoned water potable and to heal sickness.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In medieval and Renaissance times, the tusk of the narwhal was sometimes sold as unicorn horn.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ Unicorns are not found in Greek mythology, but rather in the accounts of natural history, for Greek writers of natural history were convinced of the reality of unicorns, which they believed lived in India, a distant and fabulous realm for them.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist/rhythm guitarist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers __knowledge__ Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ The ballad evolved from \"Hey Jules\", a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles' record label Apple Records.", "DONT __knowledge__ In the card game contract bridge, DONT is a conventional overcall used to interfere with an opponent's one notrump (1NT) opening bid.", "DONT __knowledge__ DONT, an acronym for Disturb Opponents' Notrump, was designed by Marty Bergen, and is therefore also referred to as \"Bergen over Notrump\".", "DONT __knowledge__ Although the method is often criticized for being too nebulous, it remains fairly popular.", "DONT __knowledge__ The convention was first published in the September/October 1989 issue of \"Bridge Today\".", "DONT __knowledge__ In DONT, the two-level overcalls of trump show a two suiter of the suit bid and an unspecified higher-ranking suit.", "DONT __knowledge__ The feature distinguishing DONT from other similar conventions such as Cappelletti is the use of the double to show length in one suit, rather than hand strength or for .", "Telecommunications device for the deaf __knowledge__ A telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) is a teleprinter, an electronic device for text communication over a telephone line, that is designed for use by persons with hearing or speech difficulties.", "Telecommunications device for the deaf __knowledge__ Other names for the device include teletypewriter (TTY), textphone (common in Europe), and minicom (United Kingdom).", "Telecommunications device for the deaf __knowledge__ The typical TDD is a device about the size of a typewriter or laptop computer with a QWERTY keyboard and small screen that uses an LED, LCD, or VFD screen to display typed text electronically.", "Telecommunications device for the deaf __knowledge__ In addition, TDDs commonly have a small spool of paper on which text is also printedold versions of the device had only a printer and no screen.", "Suraqa bin Malik __knowledge__ Suraqah bin Malik ( Arabic:سراقة بن مالك الكناني Suraqah ibn Malek alkenani) is a member of the Kenanah tribe which just like quraish belongs to the Adnani branch of Arabs (there are two branches of true Arabs or Arabs by blood, not just tongue who were Arabaized later after the arab Muslim expansion.", "Suraqa bin Malik __knowledge__ Arabs by blood or true Arabs, also known as Arabs of the Arabian peninsula, or the native inhabitants of Arabian peninsula, are either adnani or qahtani.", "Suraqa bin Malik __knowledge__ Suraqah's tribe is adnani) Suraqah pursued Muhammad when he was on his way to Medina for the Hijrah (migration).", "Suraqa bin Malik __knowledge__ Muhammad had taken asylum inside the cave of Thawr outside Mecca.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ The Two Futures Project (2FP) is a movement made up of American Christians who support and work towards the abolition of all nuclear weapons.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ This organization believes that human beings face two futures and one choice: a world without nuclear weapons or a world ruined by them.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ 2FP is supportive of concrete and practical steps to reduce nuclear dangers immediately, while pursuing the multilateral, global, irreversible, and verifiable elimination of nuclear weapons, as a biblically-grounded mandate and as a contemporary security imperative.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ In order to make these changes in the world they are using a strategy based around the creation of a non-partisan, conscience-driven, enduring majority of Americans who are committed to a nuclear weapons-free world.", "The Last Unicorn __knowledge__ The Last Unicorn is a fantasy novel by American author Peter S. Beagle and published in 1968, by Viking Press in the U.S. and The Bodley Head in the U.K.", "The Last Unicorn __knowledge__ It follows the tale of a unicorn, who believes she is the last of her kind in the world and undertakes a quest to discover what has happened to the others.", "The Last Unicorn __knowledge__ It has sold more than five million copies worldwide since its original publication, and has been translated into at least twenty languages (prior to the 2007 edition).", "The Last Unicorn __knowledge__ In 1987, \"Locus\" ranked \"The Last Unicorn\" number five among the 33 \"All-Time Best Fantasy Novels\", based on a poll of subscribers.", "Legendary creature __knowledge__ A legendary, mythical, or mythological creature, traditionally called a fabulous beast or fabulous creature, is a fictitious, imaginary and often supernatural animal, often a hybrid, sometimes part human, whose existence has not or cannot be proved and that is described in legends, myths, mythology, fables, folklore, poetry, fairy tales, novels, or other fiction but also in historical accounts before history became a science.", "Legendary creature __knowledge__ On the other hand, many real animals from remote regions and ethnic groups from other continents were long considered legendary before more was known about them.", "Legendary creature __knowledge__ For example, whales were considered as mythical or real and as frightening as dragons as recently as in the Middle Ages, including the belief that whales eject fire.", "Unicorn (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game, a unicorn is a mysterious, majestic magical beast.", "Unicorn (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ It resembles an imposing and beautiful white horse, with glowing eyes, a silky mane and tail, and the stereotypical spiraling, shell-shaped horn coming from its forehead.", "Unicorn (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ Unlike horses, they have cloven hooves, and males have a goat's beard.", "Unicorn (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ The \"Dungeons & Dragons\" unicorn was based upon the unicorn of European mythology.", "Unicorn (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ The unicorn was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, in the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" \"white box\" set (1974), where they were described as creatures that can be ridden by maiden-warriors and will obey them.", "W. Franklin Dove __knowledge__ William Franklin \"Franklin\" Dove (11 April 1897 – 24 March 1972) was an American biologist who was most famous for his \"unicorn\" experiment he conducted at the University of Maine in the early 20th-century.", "W. Franklin Dove __knowledge__ He also performed other research projects in regard to food selection by mammals and other areas of animal reproduction and nutrient intake.", "W. Franklin Dove __knowledge__ Dove was a member of the faculty of the University of Maine.", "W. Franklin Dove __knowledge__ Dove was born in Marion, Iowa, on 11 April 1897.", "W. Franklin Dove __knowledge__ He earned his B.S.", "W. Franklin Dove __knowledge__ from Iowa State College, in 1922.", "W. Franklin Dove __knowledge__ He earned an M.S.", "W. Franklin Dove __knowledge__ from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1923, and his Ph.D. in 1927.", "Elasmotherium __knowledge__ Elasmotherium (\"Thin Plate Beast\"), also known as the Siberian Unicorn is an extinct genus of rhinoceros endemic to Eurasia during the Late Pliocene through the Pleistocene, documented from 2.6 Ma to as late as 29,000 years ago in the Late Pleistocene.", "Elasmotherium __knowledge__ Three species are recognised.", "Elasmotherium __knowledge__ The best known, \"E. sibiricum\", was the size of a mammoth and is thought to have borne a large, thick horn on its forehead.", "Elasmotherium __knowledge__ Theories about the function of this horn include defence, attracting mates, driving away competitors, sweeping snow from the grass in winter and digging for water and plant roots.", "Elasmotherium __knowledge__ Like all rhinoceroses, elasmotheres were herbivorous.", "Jersey Devil __knowledge__ In New Jersey folklore, the Jersey Devil (or Leeds Devil) is a legendary creature said to inhabit the Pine Barrens of Southern New Jersey, United States.", "Jersey Devil __knowledge__ The creature is often described as a flying biped with hooves, but there are many variations.", "Jersey Devil __knowledge__ The common description is that of a kangaroo-like creature with the head of a goat, leathery bat-like wings, horns, small arms with clawed hands, cloven hooves and a forked tail.", "Jersey Devil __knowledge__ It has been reported to move quickly and often is described as emitting a \"blood-curdling scream\".", "Jersey Devil __knowledge__ According to popular folklore, the Jersey Devil originated with a Pine Barrens resident known as Mother Leeds aka Deborah Leeds." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Unicorn __knowledge__ The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ The unicorn was depicted in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and was mentioned by the ancient Greeks in accounts of natural history by various writers, including Ctesias, Strabo, Pliny the Younger, and Aelian.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ The Bible also describes an animal, the re'em, which some versions translate as \"unicorn\".", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In European folklore, the unicorn is often depicted as a white horse-like or goat-like animal with a long horn and cloven hooves (sometimes a goat's beard).", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, it was commonly described as an extremely wild woodland creature, a symbol of purity and grace, which could only be captured by a virgin.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In the encyclopedias its horn was said to have the power to render poisoned water potable and to heal sickness.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ In medieval and Renaissance times, the tusk of the narwhal was sometimes sold as unicorn horn.", "Unicorn __knowledge__ Unicorns are not found in Greek mythology, but rather in the accounts of natural history, for Greek writers of natural history were convinced of the reality of unicorns, which they believed lived in India, a distant and fabulous realm for them.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ The Bible-Presbyterian Church (\"BPC\") was a conservative reformed denomination in Singapore.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ It existed from 1955 to 1988.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ Since that time, Bible-Presbyterian (\"B-P\") churches have continued to exist separately.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ The movement grew out of the Bible Presbyterian Church in the United States.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ , there were 20,000 members in 32 B-P churches.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ Roland Chia suggests that the BPC was noted for a belief in literal six-day creation and a preference for the King James Version (\"KJV\").", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ The BPC was founded in 1955 by Timothy Tow.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ Tow had been influenced first by John Sung, and later by Carl McIntire.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ He was strongly opposed to liberal theology and ecumenism, and the Chinese Presbyterian Synod was connected to the World Council of Churches.", "Bible quiz __knowledge__ Bible Quiz, also known as Bible Bowl, is a competition between teams (often representing individual churches) over knowledge of a pre-determined section of the Bible.", "Bible quiz __knowledge__ Various Protestant denominations, plus a handful of independent groups, sponsor these competitions.", "Bible quiz __knowledge__ All of them take the form of a quick-recall game, similar to those used in many American schools but instead using the Bible as the subject of study and questions.", "Bible quiz __knowledge__ Organizations which use the name \"Bible Bowl\" lean toward the format established by television's \"College Bowl\" in the 1950s.", "Bible quiz __knowledge__ All groups feature teams competing to be the first to \"buzz in\" using an electronic lockout device, much like those still used in TV game shows such as \"Jeopardy!\"", "King James Version __knowledge__ The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed in 1611.", "King James Version __knowledge__ The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha (most of which correspond to books in the Vulgate Deuterocanon adhered to by Roman Catholics), and the 27 books of the New Testament.", "King James Version __knowledge__ It was first printed by the King's Printer Robert Barker and was the third translation into English approved by the English Church authorities.", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ Rabbi Hayyim Angel is the National Scholar of the Institute for Jewish Ideas and Ideals (jewishideas.org).", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ He has taught advanced Bible courses to undergraduate, graduate, and rabbinical students at Yeshiva University since 1996, and lectures widely.", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ He also serves as the Tanakh Education Scholar at Yeshivat Ben Porat Yosef in Paramus, New Jersey.", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ He has published over 130 scholarly articles, primarily in Bible, and is author or editor of sixteen books.", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ His scholarship focuses on the interaction between traditional and academic approaches to Bible study.", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ He previously served as Rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York City (1995-2013), and as Rabbinic Scholar at Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun in New York (2014-2017).", "Biblical inerrancy __knowledge__ Biblical inerrancy, as formulated in the \"Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy\", is the doctrine that the Protestant Bible \"is without error or fault in all its teaching\"; or, at least, that \"Scripture in the original manuscripts does not affirm anything that is contrary to fact\".", "Biblical inerrancy __knowledge__ A formal statement in favor of biblical inerrancy was published in the \"Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society\" in 1978.", "Biblical inerrancy __knowledge__ The signatories to the \"Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy\" admit that \"inspiration, strictly speaking, applies only to the autographic text of Scripture\".", "Biblical inerrancy __knowledge__ However, even though there may be no extant original manuscripts of the Bible, those which exist can be considered inerrant, because, as the statement reads: \"the autographic text of Scripture, ... in the providence of God can be ascertained from available manuscripts with great accuracy\".", "Verbal plenary preservation __knowledge__ In Protestant theology, verbal plenary preservation (\"VPP\") is a doctrine concerning the nature of the Bible.", "Verbal plenary preservation __knowledge__ While verbal plenary inspiration (\"VPI\") applies only to the original autographs of the Bible manuscript, VPP views that the whole of Scripture with all its words even to the jot and tittle is perfectly preserved by God in the apographs without any loss of the original words, prophecies, promises, commandments, doctrines, and truths, not only in the words of salvation, but also the words of history, geography and science; and every book, every chapter, every verse, every word, every syllable, every letter is infallibly preserved by the Lord Himself to the last iota so that the Bible is not only infallible and inerrant in the past (in the autographs), but also infallible and inerrant today (in the apographs.).", "Rhema (doctrine) __knowledge__ In Christianity, the Greek word rhema is useful to distinguish between two meanings of \"word\".", "Rhema (doctrine) __knowledge__ While both rhema and logos are translated into the English \"word\", in the original Greek there was a substantial distinction.", "Rhema (doctrine) __knowledge__ In some Charismatic Christianity groups advocating Five-Fold Ministry (including the Pentecostal Movement, Apostolic-Prophetic Movement and Word of Faith Movement) the use of the term rhema has special significance.", "Rhema (doctrine) __knowledge__ Some Christians, such as Apostolic-Prophetic Movement Christian minister and author Bill Hamon, put forward the position that rhema are a process within Christian epistemology.", "HMS Unicorn (1794) __knowledge__ HMS \"Unicorn\" was a 32-gun fifth-rate \"Pallas\"-class frigate of the Royal Navy, launched in 1794 at Chatham.", "HMS Unicorn (1794) __knowledge__ This frigate served in both the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, including a medal action early in her career.", "HMS Unicorn (1794) __knowledge__ She was broken up in 1815.", "HMS Unicorn (1794) __knowledge__ \"Unicorn\" entered service in 1794 under the command of Captain William Cayley, who was followed in 1795 by Captain Thomas Williams.", "HMS Unicorn (1794) __knowledge__ Under Williams, \"Unicorn\" served in the Western Approaches, operating from Cork.", "HMS Unicorn (1794) __knowledge__ On 31 May, \"Unicorn\", \"Scipio\" and \"Latona\" shared in the capture of the Dutch schooner \"Mary\", Captain Pierce.", "HMS Unicorn (1794) __knowledge__ On 28 August 1795, \"Unicorn\" was in company with and , when \"Unicorn\" captured the Dutch East Indiaman \"Cromhout\" or \"Crumhout\".", "Re'em __knowledge__ A re'em, also reëm (), is an animal mentioned nine times in the Hebrew Bible and variously translated as a unicorn or a wild ox.", "Re'em __knowledge__ It was first identified in modern times with the aurochs by Johann Ulrich Duerst who discovered it was based on the Akkadian cognate \"rimu\" (𒄠 in cuneiform), meaning \"Bos primigenius\", the aurochs, progenitor of cattle.", "Re'em __knowledge__ This has been generally accepted, as it is today even among religious scholars.", "Re'em __knowledge__ It has been translated in some Christian Bible translations as \"oryx\" (which was accepted as the referent in Modern Hebrew) and as \"unicorn\" in the King James Version, possibly referring to a one-horned rhinoceros such as Rhinoceros unicornis.", "List of Animal Mechanicals episodes __knowledge__ This is a complete list of episodes from the animated TV show \"Animal Mechanicals\".", "List of Animal Mechanicals episodes __knowledge__ The Animal Mechanicals go to Turbo Bean Island to plant a Turbo Bean.", "List of Animal Mechanicals episodes __knowledge__ Rex transforms to dig a hole, but then accidentally touches the Turbo Bean when trying to plant it, causing it to grow double turbo blasters and fly into a cog tree, Sasquatch transforms to stretch up and grab the Bean which is stuck in the cog tree, causing it to fly around with Sasquatch.", "List of Animal Mechanicals episodes __knowledge__ Mouse transforms to chase the Bean, but it goes too high for her, and Unicorn transforms to chase the bean down to Mouse.", "List of Animal Mechanicals episodes __knowledge__ When they do manage to plant the Turbo Bean it sprouts a Bean Pole from which more Turbo Beans appear.", "Unicorn horn __knowledge__ A unicorn horn, also known as an alicorn, is a legendary object whose reality may have been accepted in Western Europe throughout the Middle Ages.", "Unicorn horn __knowledge__ Many healing powers and antidote's virtues were attributed to the horn of the unicorn.", "Unicorn horn __knowledge__ These properties, assumed real since the 13th century, made it one of the most expensive and most reputable remedies during the Renaissance, and justified its use in royal courts.", "Unicorn horn __knowledge__ Beliefs related to the \"unicorn horn\" influenced alchemy through spagyric medicine.", "Unicorn horn __knowledge__ The horn's purification properties were eventually put to the test in, for example, the book of Ambroise Paré, \"Discourse on unicorn\" - marking the beginnings of the experimental method.", "The Last Unicorn __knowledge__ The Last Unicorn is a fantasy novel by American author Peter S. Beagle and published in 1968, by Viking Press in the U.S. and The Bodley Head in the U.K.", "The Last Unicorn __knowledge__ It follows the tale of a unicorn, who believes she is the last of her kind in the world and undertakes a quest to discover what has happened to the others.", "The Last Unicorn __knowledge__ It has sold more than five million copies worldwide since its original publication, and has been translated into at least twenty languages (prior to the 2007 edition).", "The Last Unicorn __knowledge__ In 1987, \"Locus\" ranked \"The Last Unicorn\" number five among the 33 \"All-Time Best Fantasy Novels\", based on a poll of subscribers." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4 ]

[ "Is it weird I believe in unicorns? The legendary creature with a spiraling horn on its forehead.", "The Bible described them as re'em which is translated to unicorn.", "In European folklore they are depicted as a horse or goat-like animal with a horn and cloven hooves." ]

[ "Unicorn", "Unicorn", "Unicorn" ]

[ "Master of Business Administration", "That will be nice. What do you have as your first degree", "What is the field about?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration (management).", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific approaches to management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business such as accounting, applied statistics, business communication, business ethics, business law, finance, managerial economics, management, marketing and operations in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area, for example accounting, finance, and marketing.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about sixty credits, nearly twice the number of credits typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics, Master of Finance, Master of Accountancy, Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration (management).", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific approaches to management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business such as accounting, applied statistics, business communication, business ethics, business law, finance, managerial economics, management, marketing and operations in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area, for example accounting, finance, and marketing.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about sixty credits, nearly twice the number of credits typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics, Master of Finance, Master of Accountancy, Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, age of consent laws regarding sexual activity are made at the state level.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ There are several federal statutes related to protecting minors from sexual predators, but laws regarding specific age requirements for sexual consent are left to individual states, territories, and the District of Columbia.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, legal age of consent ranges from 16 to 18 years old.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ In some places, civil and criminal laws within the same state conflict with each other.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ While the general age of consent is now set between 16 and 18 in all U.S. states, the age of consent has widely varied across the country in the past.", "Murder (United States law) __knowledge__ In the United States, the law regarding murder varies by jurisdiction.", "Murder (United States law) __knowledge__ In most U.S. jurisdictions there is a hierarchy of acts, known collectively as homicide, of which \"first degree murder\" and \"felony murder\" are the most serious, followed by \"second degree murder\", followed by \"voluntary manslaughter\" and involuntary manslaughter which are less serious, and ending finally in \"justifiable homicide\", which is not a crime at all.", "Murder (United States law) __knowledge__ However, because there are at least 52 relevant jurisdictions, each with its own criminal code, this is a considerable simplification.", "Murder (United States law) __knowledge__ Sentencing also varies very widely depending upon the specific murder charge.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "Criminal sentencing in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, sentencing law varies by jurisdiction.", "Criminal sentencing in the United States __knowledge__ Since the US Constitution is the supreme law of the land, all sentences in the United States must conform to the requirements of the Constitution, which sets basic mandates while leaving the bulk of policy-making up to the states.", "Criminal sentencing in the United States __knowledge__ Despite the continued growth of federal criminal law, the vast majority of criminal sentencing takes place in state and local courts.", "Criminal sentencing in the United States __knowledge__ Except for death penalty cases (which are exceptionally rare), juries generally have little involvement in sentencing, which is typically left to the discretion of the presiding judge.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Bachelor of Laws __knowledge__ The Bachelor of Laws (; LL.B.", "Bachelor of Laws __knowledge__ or B.L.)", "Bachelor of Laws __knowledge__ is an undergraduate degree in law (or a first professional degree in law, depending on jurisdiction) originating in England and offered in Japan and most common law jurisdictionsexcept the United States and Canadaas the degree which allows a person to become a lawyer.", "Bachelor of Laws __knowledge__ It historically served this purpose in the U.S. as well, but was phased out in the mid-1960s in favor of the Juris Doctor degree, and Canada followed suit.", "Bachelor of Laws __knowledge__ Historically, in Canada, Bachelor of Laws was the name of the first degree in common law, but is also the name of the first degree in Quebec civil law awarded by a number of Quebec universities.", "Master's degree __knowledge__ A master's degree (from Latin \"magister\") is usually a second-cycle academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.", "Master's degree __knowledge__ A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course.", "Master's degree __knowledge__ Within the area studied, master's graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation, or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.", "Management __knowledge__ Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body.", "Management __knowledge__ Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees (or of volunteers) to accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural, technological, and human resources.", "Management __knowledge__ The term \"management\" may also refer to those people who manage an organization.", "Management __knowledge__ Social scientists study management as an academic discipline, investigating areas such as social organization and organizational leadership.", "New York Institute of Technology School of Management __knowledge__ The New York Institute of Technology School of Management (also known as NYITSOM) is the business school of the New York Institute of Technology.", "New York Institute of Technology School of Management __knowledge__ The NYIT School of Management offers graduate degrees including Masters in Business Administration degree (M.B.A.) and Master of Science degree in Human Resources Management and Labor Relations (M.S.)", "New York Institute of Technology School of Management __knowledge__ among others.", "New York Institute of Technology School of Management __knowledge__ The School also offers many undergraduate degrees including in accounting, business administration, and marketing at its campuses in United States, Canada, China, and United Arab Emirates.", "New York Institute of Technology School of Management __knowledge__ The School of Management also collaborates with multiple colleges and universities worldwide, offering joint programs, dual degrees, summer study programs, study abroad options, and faculty and student exchange.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ This list refers to specific master's degrees in North America.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Please see master's degree for a more general overview.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAc, MAcy or MPAcc), alternatively Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAcy or MPA), or Master Science in Accountancy (MSAcy) is typically a one-year, non-thesis graduate program designed to prepare graduates for public accounting and to provide them with the 150 credit hours required by most states before taking the CPA exam.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Master of Accounting (MAcc) is an 8-month degree offered by the University of Waterloo, School of Accounting and Finance in Canada that satisfies the 51 credit hours and CKE exam requirement needed to write the Chartered Accountant Uniform Final Exam (UFE) in the province of Ontario.", "Nichols College __knowledge__ Nichols College is a private, four-year, not-for-profit, coeducational college located in Dudley, Massachusetts.", "Nichols College __knowledge__ Founded in 1815 as Nichols Academy, Nichols College offers 12 concentrations in its business program and seven majors in its liberal arts program.", "Nichols College __knowledge__ The College offers bachelor's and master's degrees as well as certificate programs.", "Nichols College __knowledge__ Nichols is ranked 12th nationally among business schools for salary potential by Payscale.com.", "Nichols College __knowledge__ In its 2016 survey, U.S. News & World Report rated Nichols College as a Best Regional College in the Northern region.", "Nichols College __knowledge__ Nichols was awarded “Best Business Education” by the Worcester Business Journal’s Best of Business reader’s poll in 2014 & 2016.", "Business student __knowledge__ Business student usually refers to a person who obtained a university degree in Business Administration.", "Business student __knowledge__ Graduates obtaining degree in Business Administration usually with a major in general management, finance, accounting, marketing or strategy.", "Business student __knowledge__ Students graduating with such a degree usually start their careers in the business world.", "Business student __knowledge__ Students may get business degrees at an undergraduate, graduate, or doctorate level.", "Business student __knowledge__ The US education systems awards bachelor's degrees after four years of university which can be followed by the post graduate Master of Business Administration degree.", "Business student __knowledge__ The European system, after the Bologna process, recognizes the 3 years Bachelor degrees, which can be followed by the Master of Science/Arts degrees, after which one can obtain a post graduate Master of Business Administration degree." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration (management).", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific approaches to management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business such as accounting, applied statistics, business communication, business ethics, business law, finance, managerial economics, management, marketing and operations in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area, for example accounting, finance, and marketing.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about sixty credits, nearly twice the number of credits typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics, Master of Finance, Master of Accountancy, Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education.", "Magnetic field __knowledge__ A magnetic field is a force field that is created by moving electric charges (electric currents) and magnetic dipoles, and exerts a force on other nearby moving charges and magnetic dipoles.", "Magnetic field __knowledge__ At any given point, it has a \"direction\" and a \"magnitude\" (or strength), so it is represented by a vector field.", "Magnetic field __knowledge__ The term is used for two distinct but closely related fields denoted by the symbols and , where, in the International System of Units, is measured in units of amperes per meter and is measured in teslas or newtons per meter per ampere.", "Magnetic field __knowledge__ In a vacuum, and are the same aside from units; but in a material with a magnetization (denoted by the symbol ), is solenoidal (having no divergence in its spatial dependence) while is irrotational (curl-free).", "Field (mathematics) __knowledge__ In mathematics, a field is a set on which addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined, and behave as when they are applied to rational and real numbers.", "Field (mathematics) __knowledge__ A field is thus a fundamental algebraic structure, which is widely used in algebra, number theory and many other areas of mathematics.", "Field (mathematics) __knowledge__ The best known fields are the field of rational numbers and the field of real numbers.", "Field (mathematics) __knowledge__ The field of complex numbers is also widely used, not only in mathematics, but also in many areas of science and engineering.", "Field (mathematics) __knowledge__ Many other fields, such as fields of rational functions, algebraic function fields, algebraic number fields, and \"p\"-adic fields are commonly used and studied in mathematics, particularly in number theory and algebraic geometry.", "Floyd Bennett Field __knowledge__ Floyd Bennett Field is an airfield in the Marine Park section of southeast Brooklyn, New York City, along the shore of Jamaica Bay.", "Floyd Bennett Field __knowledge__ The airport originally hosted commercial and general aviation traffic before being used as a naval air station.", "Floyd Bennett Field __knowledge__ Bennett Field is currently part of the Gateway National Recreation Area's Jamaica Bay Unit, and is managed by the National Park Service (NPS).", "Floyd Bennett Field __knowledge__ While no longer used as an operational commercial, military, or general aviation airfield, a section is still used as a helicopter base by the New York City Police Department (NYPD).", "Floyd Bennett Field __knowledge__ Floyd Bennett Field was created by connecting Barren Island and several smaller islands to the rest of Brooklyn by filling the channels between them with sand pumped from the bottom of Jamaica Bay.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ Zero-point energy (ZPE) or ground state energy is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ Unlike in classical mechanics, quantum systems constantly fluctuate in their lowest energy state due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ As well as atoms and molecules, the empty space of the vacuum has these properties.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ According to Quantum Field Theory the universe can be thought of not as isolated particles but continuous fluctuating fields: matter fields, whose quanta are fermions (i.e.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ leptons and quarks), and force fields, whose quanta are bosons (e.g.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ photons and gluons).", "Field electron emission __knowledge__ Field electron emission (also known as field emission (FE) and electron field emission) is emission of electrons induced by an electrostatic field.", "Field electron emission __knowledge__ The most common context is field emission from a solid surface into vacuum.", "Field electron emission __knowledge__ However, field emission can take place from solid or liquid surfaces, into vacuum, air, a fluid, or any non-conducting or weakly conducting dielectric.", "Field electron emission __knowledge__ The field-induced promotion of electrons from the valence to conduction band of semiconductors (the Zener effect) can also be regarded as a form of field emission.", "Field electron emission __knowledge__ The terminology is historical because related phenomena of surface photoeffect, thermionic emission (or Richardson–Dushman effect) and \"cold electronic emission\", i.e.", "Quantum field theory __knowledge__ In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is the theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanical models of subatomic particles in particle physics and quasiparticles in condensed matter physics.", "Quantum field theory __knowledge__ It is a set of notions and mathematical tools that combines classical fields, special relativity, and quantum mechanics, and, when combined with the cluster decomposition principle, it may be the \"only\" way to do so, while retaining the ideas of quantum point particles and locality.", "Quantum field theory __knowledge__ QFT was historically widely believed to be truly fundamental.", "Quantum field theory __knowledge__ It is now believed, primarily due to the continued failures of quantization of general relativity, to be only a very good low-energy approximation, i.e.", "Wrigley Field __knowledge__ Wrigley Field is a baseball park located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois.", "Wrigley Field __knowledge__ It is the home of the Chicago Cubs, one of the city's two Major League Baseball (MLB) franchises.", "Wrigley Field __knowledge__ It first opened in 1914 as Weeghman Park for Charles Weeghman's Chicago Whales of the Federal League, which folded after the 1915 baseball season.", "Wrigley Field __knowledge__ The Cubs played their first home game at the park on April 20, 1916, defeating the Cincinnati Reds with a score of 7–6 in 11 innings.", "Wrigley Field __knowledge__ Chewing gum magnate William Wrigley Jr. of the Wrigley Company acquired complete control of the Cubs in 1921.", "Wrigley Field __knowledge__ It was named Cubs Park from 1920 to 1926, before being renamed Wrigley Field in 1927.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ This list refers to specific master's degrees in North America.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Please see master's degree for a more general overview.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAc, MAcy or MPAcc), alternatively Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAcy or MPA), or Master Science in Accountancy (MSAcy) is typically a one-year, non-thesis graduate program designed to prepare graduates for public accounting and to provide them with the 150 credit hours required by most states before taking the CPA exam.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Master of Accounting (MAcc) is an 8-month degree offered by the University of Waterloo, School of Accounting and Finance in Canada that satisfies the 51 credit hours and CKE exam requirement needed to write the Chartered Accountant Uniform Final Exam (UFE) in the province of Ontario.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Management __knowledge__ Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body.", "Management __knowledge__ Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees (or of volunteers) to accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural, technological, and human resources.", "Management __knowledge__ The term \"management\" may also refer to those people who manage an organization.", "Management __knowledge__ Social scientists study management as an academic discipline, investigating areas such as social organization and organizational leadership.", "McCombs School of Business __knowledge__ The McCombs School of Business, also referred to as the McCombs School or simply McCombs, is a business school at The University of Texas at Austin.", "McCombs School of Business __knowledge__ In addition to the main campus in Downtown Austin, McCombs offers classes outside Central Texas in Dallas, Houston and internationally in Mexico City.", "McCombs School of Business __knowledge__ The McCombs School of Business offers undergraduate, master's, and doctoral programs for their average 13,000 students each year, adding to its 96,920 member alumni base from a variety of business fields.", "McCombs School of Business __knowledge__ In addition to traditional classroom degree programs, McCombs is home to 14 collaborative research centers, the international business plan competition: Venture Labs Investment Competition (formerly known as \"MOOT Corp\"), and executive education programs.", "University of Mannheim __knowledge__ The University of Mannheim (in German: Universität Mannheim), abbreviated UMA, is a public research university in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.", "University of Mannheim __knowledge__ Founded in 1967, the university has its origins in the 1763 established \"Theodoro Palatinae\" (Palatine Academy of the Sciences Mannheim), which was founded by the later Duke of Bavaria Charles Theodor, as well as the \"Handelshochschule\" (Commercial College Mannheim), which was founded in 1907.", "University of Mannheim __knowledge__ The University offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs as well as Ph.D degrees within business administration, economics, law, social sciences, humanities, mathematics, computer science and information systems.", "Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santo Tomas __knowledge__ Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santo Tomas, officially as Polytechnic University of the Philippines – Santo Tomas, Batangas Branch (PUP–STB) (translated in and commonly abbreviated as P.U.P.)", "Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santo Tomas __knowledge__ is one of the branch campuses of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines located in Santo Tomas, Batangas.", "Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santo Tomas __knowledge__ PUP–STB was established through a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between former PUP President Nemesio Prudente and the Municipal Government of Santo Tomas under Leopoldo Laurel Jr. in 1991.", "Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santo Tomas __knowledge__ PUP–STB is the only academic institution in Santo Tomas which acts as the community college and serves other municipalities in Batangas and Laguna province." ] ]

[ 1, 25, 0 ]

[ "I am working to get an Master of Business Administration degree.", " I have a bachelor's degree in business administration and accounting.", "a bachelor's degree in accounting was awarded after I attended four years of college." ]

[ "Master of Business Administration", "Master of Business Administration", "Master of Business Administration" ]

[ "Beadwork\nId really love to learn how to do beadwork.", "How long does the process usually take?", "What is the easiest material to work with in your opinion?", "Ive met quite a few people who travel and sell their beads. I should probably watch some tutorials online.", "I didnt know that. I wonder how much they usually sell for?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beadwork is the art or craft of attaching beads to one another by stringing them with a sewing needle or beading needle and thread or thin wire, or sewing them to cloth.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads come in a variety of materials, shapes and sizes.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are used to create jewelry or other articles of personal adornment; they are also used in wall hangings and sculpture and many other artworks.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beadwork techniques are broadly divided into loom and off-loom weaving, stringing, bead embroidery, bead crochet, and bead knitting.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads, made of durable materials, survive in the archaeological record appearing with the very advent of modern man, \"Homo sapiens\".", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are used for religious purposes, as good luck talismans, for barter, and as curative agents.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Modern beadwork is often used as a creative hobby to create jewelry, handbags, coasters, plus dozens of other crafts, and even copies of paintings.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are available in many different designs, sizes, colors, shapes, and materials, allowing much variation among bead artisans and projects.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Simple projects can be created in less than an hour by novice beaders, while complex beadwork may take weeks of meticulous work with specialized tools and equipment.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Many free patterns and tutorials can be found in Internet.", "Martha Berry (artist) __knowledge__ Martha Berry is a Cherokee beadwork artist, who has been highly influential in reviving traditional Cherokee and Southeastern beadwork, particularly techniques from the pre-Removal period.", "Martha Berry (artist) __knowledge__ She has been recognized as a Cherokee National Treasure.", "Martha Berry (artist) __knowledge__ Her work is shown in museums around the United States.", "Martha Berry (artist) __knowledge__ Martha Berry was born and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma.", "Martha Berry (artist) __knowledge__ She is a registered tribal citizen of the Cherokee Nation.", "Martha Berry (artist) __knowledge__ Berry's grandmother and mother taught her how to sew and embroider at age five.", "Martha Berry (artist) __knowledge__ She made her own clothes by age nine.", "Martha Berry (artist) __knowledge__ When she was 20, she became a professional seamstress.", "Martha Berry (artist) __knowledge__ She has expanded her skills by developing elaborate beadwork art.", "Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas encompasses the visual artistic traditions of the indigenous peoples of the Americas from ancient times to the present.", "Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ These include works from South America, Mesoamerica, North America including Greenland, as well as Siberian Yup'ik peoples who have great cultural overlap with Native Alaskan Yup'iks.", "Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ In North America, the Lithic stage or Paleo-Indian period is defined as approximately 18,000–8000 BCE.", "Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ The period from around 8000–800 BCE is generally referred to as the Archaic period.", "Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas __knowledge__ The production of bannerstones, Projectile point, Lithic reduction styles and pictographic cave paintings are some of the art that remains from this time period.", "Photographic paper __knowledge__ Photographic paper is a paper coated with a light-sensitive chemical formula, used for making photographic prints.", "Photographic paper __knowledge__ When photographic paper is exposed to light, it captures a latent image that is then developed to form a visible image; with most papers the image density from exposure can be sufficient to not require further development, aside from fixing and clearing, though latent exposure is also usually present.", "Photographic paper __knowledge__ The light-sensitive layer of the paper is called the emulsion.", "Photographic paper __knowledge__ The most common chemistry was based on silver salts (the focus of this page) but other alternatives have also been used.", "Xhosa people __knowledge__ The Xhosa people ( or ; ) are a Bantu ethnic group of Southern Africa mainly found in the Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa, and in the last two centuries throughout the southern and central-southern parts of the country.", "Xhosa people __knowledge__ There is a small but significant Xhosa (Mfengu) community in Zimbabwe, where their language, Xhosa, is recognised as a national language.", "Xhosa people __knowledge__ The Xhosa people are divided into several tribes with related yet distinct heritages.", "Xhosa people __knowledge__ The main tribes are AmaGcaleka, AmaRharhabe, ImiDange, ImiDushane, and AmaNdlambe.", "Xhosa people __knowledge__ In addition, there are other tribes found near or amongst the Xhosa people such as AbaThembu, AmaBhaca, AbakoBhosha and AmaQwathi that are distinct and separate tribes which have adopted the Xhosa language and the Xhosa way of life.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Rachel McKenna is a fictional character from the New Zealand soap opera \"Shortland Street\", played by Angela Bloomfield and who made her first appearance in early 1993.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Bloomfield left the role in 1999, before returning in 2001 and departing in 2003.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ She returned in a guest role in 2007 and again in a full-time role in 2009 before departing once again in 2016.", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ Arriving as part of the McKenna family unit, Rachel debuted in early 1993 alongside her mother Alex (Liddy Holloway), the estranged wife of hospital CEO Michael McKenna (Paul Gittins).", "Rachel McKenna __knowledge__ The family were later joined by Rachel's homosexual brother Jonathon (Kieren Hutchison).", "Really Love __knowledge__ \"Really Love\" is a song performed by American neo soul singer D'Angelo (officially credited to D'Angelo and the Vanguard), issued as the first single from his third studio album \"Black Messiah\".", "Really Love __knowledge__ It was his first single since 2008's \"I Found My Smile Again\".", "Really Love __knowledge__ The song was written by D'Angelo (credited under his real name, Michael Archer) along with Vanguard member Kendra Foster; the Spanish spoken-word segment was written and performed by Gina Figueroa.", "Really Love __knowledge__ It contains a sample of \"We the People Who Are Darker Than Blue\" by Curtis Mayfield.", "Really Love __knowledge__ The song was produced by D'Angelo.", "Really Love __knowledge__ The string section heard during the intro was arranged and conducted by Brent Fischer." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beadwork is the art or craft of attaching beads to one another by stringing them with a sewing needle or beading needle and thread or thin wire, or sewing them to cloth.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads come in a variety of materials, shapes and sizes.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are used to create jewelry or other articles of personal adornment; they are also used in wall hangings and sculpture and many other artworks.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beadwork techniques are broadly divided into loom and off-loom weaving, stringing, bead embroidery, bead crochet, and bead knitting.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads, made of durable materials, survive in the archaeological record appearing with the very advent of modern man, \"Homo sapiens\".", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are used for religious purposes, as good luck talismans, for barter, and as curative agents.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Modern beadwork is often used as a creative hobby to create jewelry, handbags, coasters, plus dozens of other crafts, and even copies of paintings.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are available in many different designs, sizes, colors, shapes, and materials, allowing much variation among bead artisans and projects.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Simple projects can be created in less than an hour by novice beaders, while complex beadwork may take weeks of meticulous work with specialized tools and equipment.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Many free patterns and tutorials can be found in Internet.", "Joseph Groia __knowledge__ Joseph Groia, is a Canadian lawyer specializing in securities litigation.", "Joseph Groia __knowledge__ He has worked on many of Canada's leading securities cases, including Asbestos Corp., Bre-X Minerals Ltd., Canadian Tire, Cinar Corporation, Hollinger, Torstar/Southam, Philip Services and YBM.", "Joseph Groia __knowledge__ He has been ranked as one of Canada's 500 Leading Lawyers (Lexpert) since 2000 and is consistently rated as one of Canada's top securities litigators by the same publication.", "Joseph Groia __knowledge__ He received his B.A.", "Joseph Groia __knowledge__ and LL.B.", "Joseph Groia __knowledge__ from the University of Toronto in 1976 and 1979, respectively.", "Joseph Groia __knowledge__ He was called to the Ontario Bar in 1981.", "Joseph Groia __knowledge__ At the beginning of his career, he worked for McTaggart, Potts, Stone & Herridge and then McMillan Binch before moving to the Ontario Securities Commission in 1985 where he served as Associate General Counsel and then Director of Enforcement.", "The Apprentice (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The Apprentice is a British reality game show in which a group of aspiring businesspeople compete against each other in a series of business related challenges, in order to win a prize offered by British business magnate, Lord (Alan) Sugar.", "The Apprentice (UK TV series) __knowledge__ For series one to six, the prize was to become his \"apprentice\" and work at his former company, Amstrad (sold to BSkyB in 2007), or one of his other companies, Viglen, Amsprop or Amshold, receiving a six-figure salary, but since the seventh series, the prize is £250,000 investment towards a business of the candidate's creation, with Sugar as a 50% owner.", "The Apprentice (UK TV series) __knowledge__ Rumours of a UK version of \"The Apprentice\" were confirmed in early 2004 by FremantleMedia, with the BBC successfully outbidding Channel 4 to secure the rights for the show.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Arab wedding __knowledge__ Arabic weddings (, , or ) have changed greatly in the past 100 years.", "Arab wedding __knowledge__ Original traditional Arabic weddings are supposed to be very similar to modern-day Bedouin weddings and rural weddings, and they are in some cases unique from one region to another, even within the same country.", "Arab wedding __knowledge__ it must be mentioned that what some people today call \"Bedouin\" wedding is in fact the original true traditional Arab Islamic wedding without foreign influence.", "Arab wedding __knowledge__ The marriage process usually starts with meetings between the couple's families, and ends with the wedding's consummation (\"leilat al-dokhla\").", "Arab wedding __knowledge__ For a wedding to be considered Islamic, the bride and groom must both consent, and the groom is welcomed into the bride's house—although only in the presence of her parents to maintain purity between both sides.", "Actuarial credentialing and exams __knowledge__ The actuarial credentialing and exam process usually requires passing a rigorous series of professional examinations, most often taking several years in total, before one can become recognized as a credentialed actuary.", "Actuarial credentialing and exams __knowledge__ In some countries, such as Denmark, most study takes place in a university setting.", "Actuarial credentialing and exams __knowledge__ In others, such as the U.S., most study takes place during employment through a series of examinations.", "Actuarial credentialing and exams __knowledge__ In the UK, and countries based on its process, there is a hybrid university-exam structure.", "Actuarial credentialing and exams __knowledge__ The education system in Australia is divided into three components: an exam-based curriculum; a professionalism course; and work experience .", "Microinjection __knowledge__ Microinjection is the use of a glass micropipette to inject a liquid substance at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level.", "Microinjection __knowledge__ The target is often a living cell but may also include intercellular space.", "Microinjection __knowledge__ Microinjection is a simple mechanical process usually involving an inverted microscope with a magnification power of around 200x (though sometimes it is performed using a dissecting stereo microscope at 40–50x or a traditional compound upright microscope at similar power to an inverted model).", "Microinjection __knowledge__ For processes such as cellular or pronuclear injection the target cell is positioned under the microscope and two micromanipulators—one holding the pipette and one holding a microcapillary needle usually between 0.5 and 5 µm in diameter (larger if injecting stem cells into an embryo)—are used to penetrate the cell membrane and/or the nuclear envelope.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik clothing (Yup'ik \"aturaq\" \"aturak\" \"aturat\" , \"aklu\", \"akluq\", \"un’u\" ; also, \"piluguk\" in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, \"aklu\", \"cangssagar\", \"un’u\" in Nunivak dialect) refers to the traditional Eskimo-style clothing worn by the Yupik people of southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik clothing for the Chevak Cup'ik-speaking people of Chevak and Cup'ig clothing for the Nunivak Cup'ig-speaking people of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ The traditional clothing system developed and used by the Eskimo peoples is the most effective cold weather clothing developed to date.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik women made clothes and footwear from animal skins (especially hide and fur of marine and land mammals for fur clothing, sometimes birds, also fish), sewn together using needles made from animal bones, walrus ivory, and bird bones such as front part of a crane's foot and threads made from other animal products, such as sinew.", "Bead stringing __knowledge__ Bead stringing is the putting of beads on string.", "Bead stringing __knowledge__ It can range from simply sliding a single bead onto any thread-like medium (string, silk thread, leather thong, thin wire, multi-stranded beading wire, or a soft, flexible wire) to complex creations that have multiple strands or interwoven levels.", "Bead stringing __knowledge__ The choice of stringing medium can be an important point in the overall design, since string-type mediums might be subject to unwanted stretching if the weight of the beads is considerable.", "Bead stringing __knowledge__ Similarly, certain bead types with sharp edges, such as hollow metal beads or some varieties of stone or glass, might abrade the string and cause the strand to eventually break.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ Seed beads or rocailles are uniformly shaped, spheroidal beads ranging in size from under a millimeter to several millimeters.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ \"Seed bead\" is also a generic term for any small bead.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ Usually rounded in shape, seed beads are most commonly used for loom and off-loom bead weaving.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ They may be used for simple stringing, or as spacers between other beads in jewelry.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ Larger seed beads are used in various fiber crafts for embellishment, or crochet with fiber or soft, flexible wire.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ The largest size of a seed bead is 1° (\"one-aught\", sometimes written 1/0) and the smallest is 24°, about the size of a grain of sand.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Machine embroidery is an embroidery process whereby a sewing machine or embroidery machine is used to create patterns on textiles.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ It is used commercially in product branding, corporate advertising, and uniform adornment.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ It is also used in the fashion industry to decorate garments and apparel.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Machine embroidery is used by hobbyists and crafters to decorate gifts, clothing, and home decor.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Examples include designs on quilts, pillows, and wall hangings.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ There are multiple types of machine embroidery.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Free-motion sewing machine embroidery uses a basic zigzag sewing machine.", "Machine embroidery __knowledge__ Designs are done manually.", "Earring __knowledge__ An earring is a piece of jewellery attached to the ear via a piercing in the earlobe or another external part of the ear (except in the case of clip earrings, which clip onto the lobe).", "Earring __knowledge__ Earrings are worn by both sexes, although more common among women, and have been used by different civilizations in different times.", "Earring __knowledge__ Locations for piercings other than the earlobe include the rook, tragus, and across the helix (see image at right).", "Earring __knowledge__ The simple term \"ear piercing\" usually refers to an earlobe piercing, whereas piercings in the upper part of the external ear are often referred to as \"cartilage piercings\".", "String (structure) __knowledge__ String is a long flexible structure made from fibers twisted together into a single strand, or from multiple such strands which are in turn twisted together.", "String (structure) __knowledge__ String is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects.", "String (structure) __knowledge__ It is also used as a material to make things, such as textiles, and in arts and crafts.", "String (structure) __knowledge__ String is a simple tool, and its use by humans is known to have been developed tens of thousands of years ago.", "String (structure) __knowledge__ In Mesoamerica, for example, string was invented some 20,000 to 30,000 years ago, and was made by twisting plant fibers together.", "String (structure) __knowledge__ String may also be a component in other tools, and in devices as diverse as weapons, musical instruments, and toys." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beadwork is the art or craft of attaching beads to one another by stringing them with a sewing needle or beading needle and thread or thin wire, or sewing them to cloth.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads come in a variety of materials, shapes and sizes.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are used to create jewelry or other articles of personal adornment; they are also used in wall hangings and sculpture and many other artworks.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beadwork techniques are broadly divided into loom and off-loom weaving, stringing, bead embroidery, bead crochet, and bead knitting.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads, made of durable materials, survive in the archaeological record appearing with the very advent of modern man, \"Homo sapiens\".", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are used for religious purposes, as good luck talismans, for barter, and as curative agents.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Modern beadwork is often used as a creative hobby to create jewelry, handbags, coasters, plus dozens of other crafts, and even copies of paintings.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are available in many different designs, sizes, colors, shapes, and materials, allowing much variation among bead artisans and projects.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Simple projects can be created in less than an hour by novice beaders, while complex beadwork may take weeks of meticulous work with specialized tools and equipment.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Many free patterns and tutorials can be found in Internet.", "Tata Starbucks __knowledge__ TATA Starbucks Private Limited, formerly known as Tata Starbucks Limited, is a 50:50 joint venture company, owned by Tata Global Beverages and Starbucks Corporation, that owns and operates Starbucks outlets in India.", "Tata Starbucks __knowledge__ The outlets are branded \"Starbucks \"A Tata Alliance\"\".", "Tata Starbucks __knowledge__ In January 2011, Starbucks Corporation and Tata Coffee announced plans to begin opening Starbucks locations in India.", "Tata Starbucks __knowledge__ Despite a false start in 2007, in January 2012 Starbucks finally announced a 50:50 joint venture with Tata Global Beverages, called Tata Starbucks Ltd., which would own and operate outlets branded \"Starbucks, A Tata Alliance\".", "Recycling in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In 2015, 43.5% of the United Kingdom’s municipal waste was recycled, composted or broken down by anaerobic digestion.", "Recycling in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The majority of recycling undertaken in the United Kingdom is done by statutory authorities, although commercial and industrial waste is chiefly processed by private companies.", "Recycling in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Local Authorities are responsible for the collection of municipal waste and operate contracts which are usually kerbside collection schemes.", "Recycling in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The Household Waste Recycling Act 2003 required local authorities in England to provide every household with a separate collection of at least two types of recyclable materials by 2010.", "Charles B. Curtis __knowledge__ Charles B. Curtis (born April 27, 1940) is an American lawyer, currently Senior Advisor to the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Vice Chair of the United States Department of State's International Security Advisory Board, Member of the National Academies Intelligence Science and Technology Experts Group, and President Emeritus of the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), a non-profit organization working to reduce the threats from nuclear, biological and chemical weapons.", "Charles B. Curtis __knowledge__ As well as working in private practice for more than sixteen years Curtis served as the last Chairman of the Federal Power Commission and the first Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission from 1977 to 1981.", "History of the United States Navy __knowledge__ The history of the United States Navy divides into two major periods: the \"Old Navy\", a small but respected force of sailing ships that was also notable for innovation in the use of ironclads during the American Civil War, and the \"New Navy\", the result of a modernization effort that began in the 1880s and made it the largest in the world by the 1920s.", "History of the United States Navy __knowledge__ The United States Navy claims 13 October 1775 as the date of its official establishment, when the Second Continental Congress passed a resolution creating the Continental Navy.", "History of the United States Navy __knowledge__ With the end of the American Revolutionary War, the Continental Navy was disbanded.", "Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes __knowledge__ Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes (1965/1973) (; original French edition: 1962) is a book on the subject of propaganda by French philosopher, theologian, legal scholar, and sociologist Jacques Ellul.", "Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes __knowledge__ This book appears to be the first attempt to study propaganda from a sociological approach as well as a psychological one.", "Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes __knowledge__ It presents a sophisticated taxonomy for propaganda, including such paired opposites as political–sociological, vertical–horizontal, rational–irrational, and agitation–integration.", "Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes __knowledge__ The book contains Ellul's theories about the nature of propaganda to adapt the individual to a society, to a living standard, and to an activity aiming to make the individual serve and conform.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ The phonograph is a device, invented in 1877, for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910), or, since the 1940s, a record player.", "Phonograph __knowledge__ The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a \"record\".", "Phonograph __knowledge__ To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound.", "1967 Detroit riot __knowledge__ The 1967 Detroit riot, also known as the 12th Street riot or the 1967 Detroit rebellion, was the bloodiest race riot in the \"Long, hot summer of 1967\".", "1967 Detroit riot __knowledge__ Composed mainly of confrontations between black people and police, it began in the early morning hours of Sunday July 23, 1967 in Detroit, Michigan.", "1967 Detroit riot __knowledge__ The precipitating event was a police raid of an unlicensed, after-hours bar then known as a \"blind pig,\" on the city's Near West Side.", "1967 Detroit riot __knowledge__ It exploded into one of the deadliest and most destructive riots in American history, lasting five days and surpassing the violence and property destruction of Detroit's 1943 race riot just 24 years earlier.", "Bead __knowledge__ A bead is a small, decorative object that is formed in a variety of shapes and sizes of a material such as stone, bone, shell, glass, plastic, wood or pearl and with a small hole for threading or stringing.", "Bead __knowledge__ Beads range in size from under to over in diameter.", "Bead __knowledge__ A pair of beads made from \"Nassarius\" sea snail shells, approximately 100,000 years old, are thought to be the earliest known examples of jewellery.", "Bead __knowledge__ Beadwork is the art or craft of making things with beads.", "Bead __knowledge__ Beads can be woven together with specialized thread, strung onto thread or soft, flexible wire, or adhered to a surface (e.g.", "Bead __knowledge__ fabric, clay).", "Seed bead __knowledge__ Seed beads or rocailles are uniformly shaped, spheroidal beads ranging in size from under a millimeter to several millimeters.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ \"Seed bead\" is also a generic term for any small bead.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ Usually rounded in shape, seed beads are most commonly used for loom and off-loom bead weaving.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ They may be used for simple stringing, or as spacers between other beads in jewelry.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ Larger seed beads are used in various fiber crafts for embellishment, or crochet with fiber or soft, flexible wire.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ The largest size of a seed bead is 1° (\"one-aught\", sometimes written 1/0) and the smallest is 24°, about the size of a grain of sand.", "Anglo-Saxon glass __knowledge__ Anglo-Saxon glass has been found across England during archaeological excavations of both settlement and cemetery sites.", "Anglo-Saxon glass __knowledge__ Glass in the Anglo-Saxon period was used in the manufacture of a range of objects including vessels, beads, windows and was even used in jewellery.", "Anglo-Saxon glass __knowledge__ In the 5th century AD with the Roman departure from Britain, there were also considerable changes in the usage of glass.", "Anglo-Saxon glass __knowledge__ Excavation of Romano-British sites have revealed plentiful amounts of glass but, in contrast, the amount recovered from 5th century and later Anglo-Saxon sites is minuscule.", "Anglo-Saxon glass __knowledge__ The majority of complete vessels and assemblages of beads come from the excavations of early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries, but a change in burial rites in the late 7th century affected the recovery of glass, as Christian Anglo-Saxons were buried with fewer grave goods, and glass is rarely found.", "Jewellery __knowledge__ Jewellery (British English) or jewelry (American English) consists of small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants and bracelets.", "Jewellery __knowledge__ Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes, and the term is restricted to durable ornaments, excluding flowers for example.", "Jewellery __knowledge__ For many centuries metal, often combined with gemstones, has been the normal material for jewellery, but other materials such as shells and other plant materials may be used.", "Jewellery __knowledge__ It is one of the oldest type of archaeological artefact – with 100,000-year-old beads made from \"Nassarius\" shells thought to be the oldest known jewellery.", "Dzi bead __knowledge__ Dzi bead (Tib.", "Dzi bead __knowledge__ གཟི།; pronounced \"zee\"; alternative spelling: \"gzi\") is a type of stone bead of uncertain origin worn as part of a necklace and sometimes as a bracelet.", "Dzi bead __knowledge__ In several Asian cultures, including that of Tibet, the bead is considered to provide positive spiritual benefit.", "Dzi bead __knowledge__ These beads are generally prized as protective amulets and are sometimes ground into a powder to be used in traditional Tibetan medicine.", "Dzi bead __knowledge__ Beads subject to this process have small \"dig marks\" where a portion of the bead has been scraped or ground away to be included in the medicine.", "Dzi bead __knowledge__ Some dzi exhibit grinding and polishing of one or both ends, again the result of reduction for use in traditional Tibetan medicine or, in some cases, due to the bead's use as a burnishing tool in the application of gold leaf to thanka paintings or gilt bronze statuary.", "Powder glass beads __knowledge__ Powder glass beads are a type of necklace ornamentation.", "Powder glass beads __knowledge__ The earliest such beads were discovered during archaeological excavations at Mapungubwe in South Africa, and dated to between 970-1000 CE.", "Powder glass beads __knowledge__ Manufacturing of the powder glass beads is now concentrated in West Africa, particularly in the Ghana area.", "Powder glass beads __knowledge__ The origins of beadmaking in Ghana are unknown, but the great majority of powder glass beads produced today is made by Ashanti and Krobo craftsmen and women.", "Powder glass beads __knowledge__ Krobo bead making has been documented to date from as early as the 1920s but despite limited archaeological evidence, it is believed that Ghanaian powder glass bead making dates further back." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beadwork is the art or craft of attaching beads to one another by stringing them with a sewing needle or beading needle and thread or thin wire, or sewing them to cloth.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads come in a variety of materials, shapes and sizes.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are used to create jewelry or other articles of personal adornment; they are also used in wall hangings and sculpture and many other artworks.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beadwork techniques are broadly divided into loom and off-loom weaving, stringing, bead embroidery, bead crochet, and bead knitting.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads, made of durable materials, survive in the archaeological record appearing with the very advent of modern man, \"Homo sapiens\".", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are used for religious purposes, as good luck talismans, for barter, and as curative agents.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Modern beadwork is often used as a creative hobby to create jewelry, handbags, coasters, plus dozens of other crafts, and even copies of paintings.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are available in many different designs, sizes, colors, shapes, and materials, allowing much variation among bead artisans and projects.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Simple projects can be created in less than an hour by novice beaders, while complex beadwork may take weeks of meticulous work with specialized tools and equipment.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Many free patterns and tutorials can be found in Internet.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Sir Jonathan Paul \"Jony\" Ive, (born 27 February 1967), is an English industrial designer who is currently the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple and chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ While working for a design firm in London he was asked by Apple, then a struggling company, to create a look for a new laptop.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ He took the design to Apple and was hired immediately.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive oversees the Apple Industrial Design Group and also provides leadership and direction for Human Interface software teams across the company.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive is the designer of many of Apple's hardware and software products.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive has received a number of accolades for his work.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple's software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, or Xcode.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ Umueze Anam is a community in Anambra West Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ It is said that Umueze Anam was founded by one hunter from Amadioba Nteje known as Nwavor in the 17th century.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ As a hunter, he used to hunt for game around the Omambala River when he found a peaceful peninsula across the river and settled there.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ Nwavor was accused of having a hand in the death of his archrival a kinsman of his and in other to free himself from the accusation decided to leave Nteje and settle at Odah.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ He first arrived at a place called Odah Anam where he found a lot of wildlife and fertile land for agricultural purposes.", "St Ive __knowledge__ St Ive ( ; ) is a village and civil parish in eastern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The village is split into four parts: St Ive Church End, St Ive Cross, St Ive Keason and St Ive Parkfield.", "St Ive __knowledge__ In addition to the Parish an electoral ward exists stretching north of St Ive.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The population at the 2011 census was 4,246.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The parish used to be a large rural area of rolling landscape with wooded valleys and the population was sparse with the largest village being St Ive itself, sited on the A390.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The hamlet of Woolston lies to the northwest of St Ive.", "St Ive __knowledge__ The demography of the parish was radically altered with the mid-Victorian mining boom centred on Caradon Hill.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ Seed beads or rocailles are uniformly shaped, spheroidal beads ranging in size from under a millimeter to several millimeters.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ \"Seed bead\" is also a generic term for any small bead.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ Usually rounded in shape, seed beads are most commonly used for loom and off-loom bead weaving.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ They may be used for simple stringing, or as spacers between other beads in jewelry.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ Larger seed beads are used in various fiber crafts for embellishment, or crochet with fiber or soft, flexible wire.", "Seed bead __knowledge__ The largest size of a seed bead is 1° (\"one-aught\", sometimes written 1/0) and the smallest is 24°, about the size of a grain of sand.", "Our Lady of Peace Shrine __knowledge__ Our Lady of Peace Shrine is a Roman Catholic parish of the Diocese of San Jose located in Santa Clara, California.", "Our Lady of Peace Shrine __knowledge__ The most notable feature of the parish is the 32-foot statue of Our Lady, Queen of Peace, which is visible from U.S. Highway 101.", "Our Lady of Peace Shrine __knowledge__ The parish was founded on June 24, 1961 when Father Joseph G. Sullivan was appointed pastor.", "Our Lady of Peace Shrine __knowledge__ In 1969 Fr.", "Our Lady of Peace Shrine __knowledge__ John Joseph Sweeny took over and worked to pay down the parish's $500,000 debt.", "Our Lady of Peace Shrine __knowledge__ After Monsignor Sweeny's retirement in accordance with the age requirements in canon law, Fr.", "Our Lady of Peace Shrine __knowledge__ Walter Mallo, IVE was appointed pastor.", "Our Lady of Peace Shrine __knowledge__ The parish had two Associate pastors while Fr.", "Bead embroidery __knowledge__ Bead embroidery is a type of beadwork that uses a needle and thread to stitch beads to a surface of fabric, suede, or leather.", "Bead embroidery __knowledge__ Bead embroidery is an embellishment that does not form an essential part of a textile's structure.", "Bead embroidery __knowledge__ In this respect, bead embroidery differs from bead weaving, bead crochet, and bead knitting.", "Bead embroidery __knowledge__ Woven, knitted, and crocheted beads may be attached during fabric production, whereas embroidered beads are always added upon finished fabric.", "Bead embroidery __knowledge__ Traditionally, bead embroidery has been used on clothing and decorative textiles.", "Bead embroidery __knowledge__ It may be used in jewelry with the addition of structural supports such as bracelet bands.", "Bead crochet __knowledge__ Early examples of bead crochet include nineteenth century miser's purses.", "Bead crochet __knowledge__ By the 1920s bead crochet technique also made necklace ropes, bracelets, and beaded bags.", "Bead crochet __knowledge__ Bead crochet waned during the 1930s when the great depression reduced free time for decorative needlework and as inexpensive manufactured goods became more readily available.", "Bead crochet __knowledge__ Interest in bead crochet has revived somewhat in recent years as a hobbyist pastime.", "Bead crochet __knowledge__ Most bead crochet is created by stringing beads onto uncut crochet thread prior to crocheting.", "Bead crochet __knowledge__ Most artists either use a beading needle or apply clear nail polish to the end of the thread to create an anchor point for beading.", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Bead weaving __knowledge__ Bead weaving (or beadweaving) using seed beads can be done either on a loom or using one of a number of off-loom stitches.", "Bead weaving __knowledge__ When weaving on a loom, the beads are locked in between the warp threads by the weft threads.", "Bead weaving __knowledge__ The most common bead weaving technique requires two passes of the weft thread.", "Bead weaving __knowledge__ First, an entire row of beads is strung on the weft thread.", "Bead weaving __knowledge__ Then the beads are pressed in between the warp threads.", "Bead weaving __knowledge__ The needle is passed back through the beads above the warp threads to lock the beads into place.", "Bead weaving __knowledge__ Heddle looms were popular near the beginning of the 20th century.", "Bead weaving __knowledge__ They allowed weaving of beads by raising every other thread and inserting strung beads in the shed, the space between the lowered and raised threads.", "Bead knitting __knowledge__ Beaded knitting is a type of knitting in which the stitches are decorated with ceramic or glass beads.", "Bead knitting __knowledge__ The techniques are described here for beads, but knitting sequins (and other perforated objects) can be done analogously.", "Bead knitting __knowledge__ There are two main approaches- threading the beads on in advance, and threading the beads on individually as the object is knitted.", "Bead knitting __knowledge__ The classic approach is to thread beads on the yarn in advance.", "Bead knitting __knowledge__ There are several ways to go about knitting the beads in though: slipping the stitch, putting the bead between stitches, and putting the bead on the stitch.", "Bead knitting __knowledge__ The slip stitch method is to slip the stitch with the yarn (and bead) in front at the position where a bead is desired." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beadwork is the art or craft of attaching beads to one another by stringing them with a sewing needle or beading needle and thread or thin wire, or sewing them to cloth.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads come in a variety of materials, shapes and sizes.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are used to create jewelry or other articles of personal adornment; they are also used in wall hangings and sculpture and many other artworks.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beadwork techniques are broadly divided into loom and off-loom weaving, stringing, bead embroidery, bead crochet, and bead knitting.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads, made of durable materials, survive in the archaeological record appearing with the very advent of modern man, \"Homo sapiens\".", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are used for religious purposes, as good luck talismans, for barter, and as curative agents.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Modern beadwork is often used as a creative hobby to create jewelry, handbags, coasters, plus dozens of other crafts, and even copies of paintings.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Beads are available in many different designs, sizes, colors, shapes, and materials, allowing much variation among bead artisans and projects.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Simple projects can be created in less than an hour by novice beaders, while complex beadwork may take weeks of meticulous work with specialized tools and equipment.", "Beadwork __knowledge__ Many free patterns and tutorials can be found in Internet.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ The New York Gold Exchange was an exchange formed shortly after the beginning of the American Civil War for the purpose of creating an open market for transactions involving gold and the government-created paper currency, the greenback.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ Established in 1862, it closed in 1897.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ The exchange was established in 1862 in a basement on New Street.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ The exchange was created during the American Civil War, when the Union issued paper money to fund the war effort.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ Gold trading was initially banned at the New York Stock Exchange, which viewed the practice as unpatriotic speculation in wartime.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ This was because Confederate victories resulted in an increase in the price of gold relative to the greenback dollar, causing gold traders to sing \"Dixie\" in the Exchange when they received news of a Confederate victory.", "Black Friday (1869) __knowledge__ The Black Friday, September 24, 1869, gold panic was caused by the efforts of two speculators, Jay Gould and his partner James Fisk, (AKA The Gold Ring) to corner the gold market on the New York Gold Exchange.", "Black Friday (1869) __knowledge__ The scandal took place during the Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant whose policy was to sell Treasury gold at weekly intervals to pay off the national debt, stabilize the dollar, and boost the economy.", "Black Friday (1869) __knowledge__ The country had gone through tremendous upheaval during the Civil War and was not yet fully restored.", "Black Friday (1869) __knowledge__ This period, known as the Gilded Age, was a time of great industrial growth which invited much investment and speculation.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ Gold exchange-traded products are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), closed-end funds (CEFs) and exchange-traded notes (ETNs) that aim to track the price of gold.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ Gold exchange-traded products are traded on the major stock exchanges including Zurich, Mumbai, London, Paris and New York.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ , physically backed funds held 2,062.6 tonnes of vaulted gold in total for private and institutional investors.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ Each gold ETF, ETN, and CEF has a different structure outlined in its prospectus.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ Some such instruments do not necessarily hold physical gold.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ For example, gold ETNs generally track the price of gold using derivatives.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Gold standard __knowledge__ A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ Three types can be distinguished: specie, bullion, and exchange.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ Most nations abandoned the gold standard as the basis of their monetary systems at some point in the 20th century, although many hold substantial gold reserves.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ A survey of leading American economists showed that they unanimously reject that a return to the gold standard would benefit the average American.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ The gold specie standard arose from the widespread acceptance of gold as currency.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ Various commodities have been used as money; typically, the one that loses the least value over time becomes the accepted form.", "Exchange-traded fund __knowledge__ An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is an investment fund traded on stock exchanges, much like stocks.", "Exchange-traded fund __knowledge__ An ETF holds assets such as stocks, commodities, or bonds and generally operates with an arbitrage mechanism designed to keep it trading close to its net asset value, although deviations can occasionally occur.", "Exchange-traded fund __knowledge__ Most ETFs track an index, such as a stock index or bond index.", "Exchange-traded fund __knowledge__ ETFs may be attractive as investments because of their low costs, tax efficiency, and stock-like features.", "Exchange-traded fund __knowledge__ By 2013, ETFs had become the most popular type of exchange-traded product.", "Exchange-traded fund __knowledge__ ETF distributors only buy or sell ETFs directly from or to \"authorized participants\", which are large broker-dealers with whom they have entered into agreements—and then, only in \"creation units\", which are large blocks of tens of thousands of ETF shares, usually exchanged in-kind with \"baskets\" of the underlying securities.", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ \"Great Balls of Fire\" is a 1957 popular song recorded by Jerry Lee Lewis on Sun Records and featured in the 1957 movie \"Jamboree\".", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ It was written by Otis Blackwell and Jack Hammer.", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ The Jerry Lee Lewis 1957 recording was ranked as the 96th greatest song ever by \"Rolling Stone\".", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ The song is in AABA form.", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ The song sold one million copies in its first 10 days of release in the United States and sold over five million copies, making it both one of the best-selling singles in the United States, as well as one of the world's best-selling singles of all time.", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ The song is best known for Jerry Lee Lewis's original recording, which was recorded in the Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, on October 8, 1957, using three personnel: Lewis (piano/vocals), Sidney Stokes (bass), and a session drummer, name unknown, instead of the usual Sun backups Jimmy Van Eaton (drums) and Roland Janes (guitar).", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ Mircea Eliade (; – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ He was a leading interpreter of religious experience, who established paradigms in religious studies that persist to this day.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ His theory that \"hierophanies\" form the basis of religion, splitting the human experience of reality into sacred and profane space and time, has proved influential.", "Mircea Eliade __knowledge__ One of his most influential contributions to religious studies was his theory of \"Eternal Return\", which holds that myths and rituals do not simply commemorate hierophanies, but, at least to the minds of the religious, actually participate in them.", "Future proof __knowledge__ Future-proofing is the process of anticipating the future and developing methods of minimizing the effects of shocks and stresses of future events.", "Future proof __knowledge__ Future-proofing is used in industries such as electronics, medical industry, industrial design, and, more recently, in design for climate change.", "Future proof __knowledge__ The principles of future-proofing are extracted from other industries and codified as a system for approaching an intervention in an historic building.", "Future proof __knowledge__ In general, the term \"future-proof\" refers to the ability of something to continue to be of value into the distant future; that the item does not become obsolete.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ A musical instrument is an instrument created or adapted to make musical sounds.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ In principle, any object that produces sound can be considered a musical instrument—it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ The history of musical instruments dates to the beginnings of human culture.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Early musical instruments may have been used for ritual, such as a trumpet to signal success on the hunt, or a drum in a religious ceremony.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Cultures eventually developed composition and performance of melodies for entertainment.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Musical instruments evolved in step with changing applications.", "Diamond simulant __knowledge__ A diamond simulant, diamond imitation or imitation diamond is an object or material with gemological characteristics similar to those of a diamond.", "Diamond simulant __knowledge__ Simulants are distinct from synthetic diamonds, which are actual diamonds having the same material properties as natural diamonds.", "Diamond simulant __knowledge__ Enhanced diamonds are also excluded from this definition.", "Diamond simulant __knowledge__ A diamond simulant may be artificial, natural, or in some cases a combination thereof.", "Diamond simulant __knowledge__ While their material properties depart markedly from those of diamond, simulants have certain desired characteristics—such as dispersion and hardness—which lend themselves to imitation.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ It is one of the plastic arts.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely.", "Tumble Leaf __knowledge__ Tumble Leaf is an Amazon Studios original series that premiered in 2014.", "Tumble Leaf __knowledge__ It is a stop motion animated series for preschool-aged children and is based on the short film \"Miro\".", "Tumble Leaf __knowledge__ Created by animator Drew Hodges (\"Saturday Night Live\", \"Community\") and stop-motion studio Bix Pix Entertainment, \"Tumble Leaf\" features an anthropomorphic blue fox named Fig and his caterpillar friend Stick (both voiced by child actor Christopher Downs), along with other residents of the island of Tumble Leaf, helping preschoolers learn basic science lessons through playful examples.", "Tumble Leaf __knowledge__ Additional regular characters include Maple (Brooke Wolloff), Rutabaga (Jodi Downs), Hedge (Landon Clay), Pine (Addie Zintel), and Ginkgo (Gary Littman)." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 5, 9 ]

[ "thats a nice hobby or art where you attafch beads to one another by stringing them with a sewing needle or beading needle and thread or thin wire", "well beads come in a variety of materials, shapes and sizes", "it just depends on preference as beadwork techniques are broadly divided into loom and off-loom weaving, stringing, bead embroidery, bead crochet and bead knitting.", "its probably a good idea as they are made of durable materials, surive in the archaelogical record appearing with the very advent of modern man", "simple projects can be crated in less than an hour by novice beaders and they can sell for around $5-10" ]

[ "Beadwork", "Beadwork", "Beadwork", "Beadwork", "Beadwork" ]

[ "Snorkeling\ni love going Snorkeling it is one of my favorite activities", "Yeah my first time was at a resort when i was young, it was a really nice expirience", "it can be dangerous as well that is why you have to take some courses beafore you go", "Wow i dint even know those existed hahaha have you played underwater rugby?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped breathing tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods with relatively little effort and to breathe while face-down at the surface.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort locations.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ The primary appeal is the opportunity to observe underwater life in a natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ It appeals to all ages because of how little effort there is, and without the exhaled bubbles of scuba-diving equipment.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ It is the basis of the two surface disciplines of the underwater sport of finswimming.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is also used by scuba divers when on the surface, in underwater sports such as underwater hockey and underwater rugby, and as part of water-based searches conducted by search and rescue teams.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is mentioned by Aristotle in his \"Parts of Animals\".", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ He refers to divers using \"instruments for respiration\" resembling the elephant's trunk.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Twelve houseguests were announced to be competing in the fourteenth edition of the American reality television series \"Big Brother\" were announced on July 5, 2012.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Each week, one or more of the houseguests are evicted by votes by the remaining houseguests until the winner is left.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Four former houseguests were added to the season as coaches.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ On Day 27, the coaches entered the game as HouseGuests.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Ashley Iocco (born October 30, 1985), 31, originally from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is the owner of a mobile spray-tanning company in West Hollywood, California called Bronzique.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Ashley describes herself as vivacious, loving, charismatic, and enthusiastic.", "List of Big Brother 12 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ In total,thirteen house guests entered the house on the twelfth edition of American reality television series USA \"Big Brother\" where the house guests were on camera 24 hours a day.", "List of Big Brother 12 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Each week, one or more of the house guests was evicted by votes from the remaining house guests until only one remained and was crowned the winner.", "List of Big Brother 12 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Andrew Gordon (born April 29, 1971), 45, is a podiatrist from Miami Beach, Florida.", "List of Big Brother 12 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ He practices Modern Orthodox Judaism.", "List of Big Brother 12 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ He describes himself as “stubborn, spontaneous and sneaky.” His favorite activities include video games, poker, watching football, swimming and going to Toys R Us.", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi __knowledge__ Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (, ; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), known as Mohammad Reza Shah (), was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979.", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi __knowledge__ Mohammad Reza Shah took the title \"Shahanshah\" (\"King of Kings\") on 26 October 1967.", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi __knowledge__ He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi.", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi __knowledge__ Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi held several other titles, including that of \"Aryamehr\" (\"Light of the Aryans\") and \"Bozorg Arteshtaran\" (\"Commander-in-Chief\").", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi __knowledge__ His dream of what he referred to as a \"Great Civilization\" (Persian: تمدن بزرگ translit.", "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi __knowledge__ \"tamadon-e bozorg\") in Iran led to a rapid industrial and military modernization as well as economic and social reforms.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ The Penghu National Scenic Area is one of the National Scenic Areas of the Republic of China (Taiwan), and covers most, but not all of the islands and islets that form Penghu County.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ These islands have a total of 320 kilometers of shoreline.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ A National Scenic Area is not a National Park.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ National Scenic Areas fall within the control of the Tourism Bureau of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the Republic of China, while national parks fall within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of China.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ The philosophies that govern the development of the two types of areas differ.", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ Staniel Cay is an island located in The Exuma Cays, a district of The Bahamas.", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ Staniel Cay is located roughly south of Nassau and southeast of Florida.", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ The island has a population of less than 118 full-time residents and has an area of less than .", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ Staniel Cay is inhabited by a small Bahamian village which lies on the western shore.", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ The village is composed of residential housing, a church, a post office, a library, three small retail stores and marine supply shops.", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ Staniel Cay is protected by the Bahamas National Trust, the organization in charge of the conservation and preservation of places of historic interest and natural beauty in The Bahamas.", "San Andrés (island) __knowledge__ San Andrés is a Colombian coral island in the Caribbean Sea.", "San Andrés (island) __knowledge__ Historically tied to the United Kingdom, and politically part of Colombia, San Andrés and the nearby islands of Providencia and Santa Catalina form the department of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina.", "San Andrés (island) __knowledge__ San Andrés, in the southern group of islands, is the largest of the department.", "San Andrés (island) __knowledge__ The official languages of the department are Creole, Spanish, and English.", "San Andrés (island) __knowledge__ While San Andrés is located south of Providencia, the Colombian archipelago is approximately north of the Colombian mainland.", "San Andrés (island) __knowledge__ This archipelago encompasses a total area of , including the outer cays, reefs, atolls and sand banks, with the area of the islands being ." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped breathing tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods with relatively little effort and to breathe while face-down at the surface.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort locations.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ The primary appeal is the opportunity to observe underwater life in a natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ It appeals to all ages because of how little effort there is, and without the exhaled bubbles of scuba-diving equipment.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ It is the basis of the two surface disciplines of the underwater sport of finswimming.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is also used by scuba divers when on the surface, in underwater sports such as underwater hockey and underwater rugby, and as part of water-based searches conducted by search and rescue teams.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is mentioned by Aristotle in his \"Parts of Animals\".", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ He refers to divers using \"instruments for respiration\" resembling the elephant's trunk.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ Sarah Louise Platt (also Tilsley and Grimshaw) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera \"Coronation Street\".", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ She was born on-screen during the episode broadcast on 2 February 1987.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ She was played by Leah King in 1987 and by Lynsay King from 1987 until 8 October 1999 when King opted to leave to focus on her education.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ Tina O'Brien took over the role on 31 October 1999; she opted to leave in 2007 and made her final on-screen appearance on 30 December 2007.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ A number of false rumours about O'Brien returning to the role surfaced during her absence from the serial.", "Sarah Platt __knowledge__ In October 2014, it was announced that O'Brien was going to reprise the role, she returned to filming in February 2015 and returned on screen on 30 March 2015.", "One More Megabyte __knowledge__ One More Megabyte is the ninth studio album by the English punk rock band Toy Dolls.", "One More Megabyte __knowledge__ After the release of \"Orcastrated\" (1995), the band's bassist John \"K'Cee\" Casey left the band and was replaced with Gary \"Gary Fun\" Dunn.", "One More Megabyte __knowledge__ The new line up of the band recorded \"One More Megabyte\" at Fairview Studios, Hull, in January 1997, with the band's lead singer and guitarist Michael \"Olgar\" Algar producing the album.", "One More Megabyte __knowledge__ The album also contains backing vocals from members of other punk rock bands, including members of the Vibrators, The Lurkers, The Wildhearts, Sugar Snatch, and the Inmates.", "One More Megabyte __knowledge__ The album continues the band's humorous approach to punk rock and Oi!", "McFly __knowledge__ McFly are an English band formed in London in 2003.", "McFly __knowledge__ The band took its name from the \"Back to the Future\" character Marty McFly.", "McFly __knowledge__ The band consists of Tom Fletcher (lead vocals, guitar and piano), Danny Jones (lead vocals, harmonica and guitar), Dougie Poynter (bass guitar) and Harry Judd (drums).", "McFly __knowledge__ They were signed to Island Records from their 2004 launch until December 2007, before creating their own label, Super Records.", "McFly __knowledge__ McFly rose to fame after fellow band Busted helped launch them by inviting them to tour in 2004.", "McFly __knowledge__ In 2005, they won the Brit Award for Best British Pop Act.", "McFly __knowledge__ McFly's debut album \"Room on the 3rd Floor\" debuted at number 1 in the UK Album Chart and is certified as double platinum; this led to them becoming known as the youngest band ever to have an album debut at number one—a title taken from The Beatles.", "Patience (play) __knowledge__ Patience is a play written and published in 1998 by Jason Sherman (Doollie.com).", "Patience (play) __knowledge__ It is about Reuben, who one day loses everything.", "Patience (play) __knowledge__ The play follows a path similar to David Mamet's play \"Edmond\".", "Patience (play) __knowledge__ It traces a psychological journey through Reuben's head while he tries to figure out how everything happened.", "Patience (play) __knowledge__ The play was written at a time when the story would hit home for a lot of middle-aged, middle-class men.", "Patience (play) __knowledge__ The play opens with the lead character, Reuben, playing squash with Peter, a business partner.", "Patience (play) __knowledge__ They get into an argument which causes Reuben to go to dinner by himself.", "Patience (play) __knowledge__ At dinner an old friend named Paul comes into the restaurant and strikes up a conversation.", "Tropical Asia __knowledge__ Through a crop-based biodiversity, natural resources and animals (birds, fruits, and forests), Tropical Asia is economically and physiogeographically rich.", "Tropical Asia __knowledge__ There are 16 countries of Tropical Asia ranging in size from around 610 km² (Singapore) to 3,000,000 km² (India).", "Tropical Asia __knowledge__ Its population, is dominantly rural—however, in 1995, a census showed that a region with 6 out of 25 of the large cities.", "Tropical Asia __knowledge__ The population is 1.6 billion, likely to reach 2.4 billion in 2025.", "Tropical Asia __knowledge__ Climate in Tropical Asia is subject to seasonal weather patterns with the two monsoons and the amount of tropical cyclones in the three core areas of cyclogenesis (the Bay of Bengal, north Pacific Ocean and South China Sea).", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ Gibney Beach is a stretch of white sandy beach located on Hawksnest Bay on St John Island in the United States Virgin Islands.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ There is vibrant wildlife both on the beach and in the bay.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ The colonial history, the natives, the beatnik and hippie movements, and the locals of the island come together to form the original, bohemian character of the Beach.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ In 1950, the property was purchased by former New York City residents Robert Gibney and his wife, Nancy Flagg Gibney.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ Robert was a writer-artist and friend of Thomas Merton; Nancy was a magazine editor.", "Gibney Beach __knowledge__ Before the purchase, Gibney Beach had only been known as Hawksnest Beach.", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ Staniel Cay is an island located in The Exuma Cays, a district of The Bahamas.", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ Staniel Cay is located roughly south of Nassau and southeast of Florida.", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ The island has a population of less than 118 full-time residents and has an area of less than .", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ Staniel Cay is inhabited by a small Bahamian village which lies on the western shore.", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ The village is composed of residential housing, a church, a post office, a library, three small retail stores and marine supply shops.", "Staniel Cay __knowledge__ Staniel Cay is protected by the Bahamas National Trust, the organization in charge of the conservation and preservation of places of historic interest and natural beauty in The Bahamas.", "Biscayne National Park __knowledge__ Biscayne National Park is a U.S. National Park located in southern Florida, south of Miami.", "Biscayne National Park __knowledge__ The park preserves Biscayne Bay and its offshore barrier reefs.", "Biscayne National Park __knowledge__ Ninety-five percent of the park is water, and the shore of the bay is the location of an extensive mangrove forest.", "Biscayne National Park __knowledge__ The park covers and includes Elliott Key, the park's largest island and first of the true Florida Keys, formed from fossilized coral reef.", "Biscayne National Park __knowledge__ The islands farther north in the park are transitional islands of coral and sand.", "Biscayne National Park __knowledge__ The offshore portion of the park includes the northernmost region of the Florida Reef, one of the largest coral reefs in the world.", "Virgin Islands National Park __knowledge__ The Virgin Islands National Park is a United States National Park, covering approximately 60% of the island of Saint John in the United States Virgin Islands, over 5,500 acres of adjacent ocean, plus nearly all of Hassel Island, just off the Charlotte Amalie, Saint Thomas harbor.", "Virgin Islands National Park __knowledge__ It became the 29th U.S. national park in 1956.", "Virgin Islands National Park __knowledge__ The park is famous for scuba diving and snorkeling and has miles of hiking trails through the tropical rainforest.", "Virgin Islands National Park __knowledge__ Cruz Bay is the gateway port to the park.", "Virgin Islands National Park __knowledge__ Ferries operate hourly from Red Hook, St. Thomas, thrice daily from Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas and West End, Tortola, twice daily from Jost Van Dyke, and twice weekly from Virgin Gorda.", "Perhentian Islands __knowledge__ The Perhentian Islands (Malay: \"Kepulauan Perhentian\") are islands in Besut District, Terengganu, Malaysia.", "Perhentian Islands __knowledge__ The two main islands are Perhentian Besar (\"Greater Perhentian\") and Perhentian Kecil (\"Lesser Perhentian\").", "Perhentian Islands __knowledge__ The small, uninhabited islands of Susu Dara (\"Virgin Milk\"), Serengeh and Rawa lie off Kecil.", "Perhentian Islands __knowledge__ Like Besut, people here generally speak Kelantanese Malay, however English is widely spoken and understood to accommodate the growing tourism market.", "Perhentian Islands __knowledge__ The Perhentian Islands have become a popular travel destination for families and backpackers alike due to the many lodging options that accommodate almost any budget." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped breathing tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods with relatively little effort and to breathe while face-down at the surface.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort locations.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ The primary appeal is the opportunity to observe underwater life in a natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ It appeals to all ages because of how little effort there is, and without the exhaled bubbles of scuba-diving equipment.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ It is the basis of the two surface disciplines of the underwater sport of finswimming.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is also used by scuba divers when on the surface, in underwater sports such as underwater hockey and underwater rugby, and as part of water-based searches conducted by search and rescue teams.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is mentioned by Aristotle in his \"Parts of Animals\".", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ He refers to divers using \"instruments for respiration\" resembling the elephant's trunk.", "Geoffrey Bazeley __knowledge__ Geoffrey Bazeley (1906–1989) was a British Modernist architect, born in Penzance, Cornwall, into a family of shipowners and traders.", "Geoffrey Bazeley __knowledge__ In 1935 he was commissioned to build Tregannick House in Cornwall and set up his own practice there.", "Geoffrey Bazeley __knowledge__ Tregannick has been described as \"one of the best Modern Movement houses in the west of England.\"", "Geoffrey Bazeley __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Cambridge University (1926–29) and subsequently at the Architectural Association in London (1929–32).", "Geoffrey Bazeley __knowledge__ He was known for his Modernist architecture.", "Geoffrey Bazeley __knowledge__ He was first employed as an assistant to George Grey Wornum on the RIBA building on Portland Place, London W1.", "Henri Honsia __knowledge__ Henri Honsia (26 May 1913 – 6 February 2004) was a Belgian sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1930s.", "Henri Honsia __knowledge__ At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, he was eliminated in the heats of the K-1 1000 m event.", "Diana Mitford __knowledge__ Diana, Lady Mosley (17 June 191011 August 2003), born Diana Freeman-Mitford and usually known as Diana Mitford, was one of Britain's noted Mitford sisters.", "Diana Mitford __knowledge__ She was first married to Bryan Walter Guinness, heir to the barony of Moyne, and upon her divorce from him married Sir Oswald Mosley, 6th Baronet of Ancoats, leader of the British Union of Fascists.", "Diana Mitford __knowledge__ Her second marriage, in 1936, took place at the home of Joseph Goebbels, with Adolf Hitler as guest of honour.", "Diana Mitford __knowledge__ Subsequently, her involvement with Fascist political causes resulted in three years' internment during the Second World War.", "Diana Mitford __knowledge__ She later moved to Paris and enjoyed some success as a writer.", "Assistive technology __knowledge__ Assistive technology is an umbrella term that includes assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities and also includes the process used in selecting, locating, and using them.", "Assistive technology __knowledge__ People who have disabilities often have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) independently, or even with assistance.", "Assistive technology __knowledge__ ADLs are self-care activities that include toileting, mobility (ambulation), eating, bathing, dressing and grooming.", "Assistive technology __knowledge__ Assistive technology can ameliorate the effects of disabilities that limit the ability to perform ADLs.", "Assistive technology __knowledge__ Assistive technology promotes greater independence by enabling people to perform tasks that they were formerly unable to accomplish, or had great difficulty accomplishing, by providing enhancements to, or changing methods of interacting with, the technology needed to accomplish such tasks.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Bosberg __knowledge__ The Bosberg (English: \"Forest Hill\") is a hill in the Pajottenland in Belgium with its top located on the border of East Flanders and Flemish Brabant.", "Bosberg __knowledge__ The road leading to the top is surfaced in concrete in the lower parts and cobbled in the steep upper parts of the hill.", "Bosberg __knowledge__ The hill is almost completely forested with the Raspaillebos natural reserve.", "Bosberg __knowledge__ The Bosberg is best known from cycling.", "Bosberg __knowledge__ It was the final climb in the Tour of Flanders cycling race from 1973 to 2011.", "Bosberg __knowledge__ Edwig Van Hooydonck immortalized the climb by making decisive attacks on the Bosberg twice before soloing to the finish in 1989 and 1991.", "Cockenzie power station __knowledge__ Cockenzie power station was a coal-fired power station in East Lothian, Scotland.", "Cockenzie power station __knowledge__ It was situated on the south shore of the Firth of Forth, near the town of Cockenzie and Port Seton, east of the Scottish capital of Edinburgh.", "Cockenzie power station __knowledge__ The station dominated the local coastline with its distinctive twin chimneys from 1967 until the chimneys' demolition in September 2015.", "Cockenzie power station __knowledge__ Initially operated by the nationalised South of Scotland Electricity Board, it was operated by Scottish Power following the privatisation of the industry in 1991.", "Cockenzie power station __knowledge__ In 2005 a WWF report named Cockenzie as the UK's least carbon-efficient power station, in terms of carbon dioxide released per unit of energy generated.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine water that contain few nutrients.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ The polyps belong to a group of animals known as Cnidaria, which also includes sea anemones and jellyfish.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Unlike sea anemones, corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons which support and protect the coral polyps.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated water.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Often called \"rainforests of the sea\", shallow coral reefs form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth.", "Southeast Asian coral reefs __knowledge__ Southeast Asian coral reefs have the highest levels of biodiversity for the world's marine ecosystems.", "Southeast Asian coral reefs __knowledge__ They serve many functions, such as forming the livelihood for subsistence fishermen and even function as jewelry and construction materials.", "Southeast Asian coral reefs __knowledge__ Coral reefs are developed by the carbonate-based skeletons of a variety of animals and algae.", "Southeast Asian coral reefs __knowledge__ Slowly and overtime, the reefs build up to the surface in oceans.", "Southeast Asian coral reefs __knowledge__ Coral reefs are found in shallow, warm salt water.", "Southeast Asian coral reefs __knowledge__ The sunlight filters through clear water and allows microscopic organisms to live and reproduce.", "Southeast Asian coral reefs __knowledge__ The Indian Ocean holds 60% of the world's coastal reefs, 25% are in the Pacific and 15% are in the western Atlantic.", "Environmental issues with coral reefs __knowledge__ Human impact on coral reefs is significant.", "Environmental issues with coral reefs __knowledge__ Coral reefs are dying around the world.", "Environmental issues with coral reefs __knowledge__ Damaging activities include coral mining, pollution (organic and non-organic), overfishing, blast fishing, the digging of canals and access into islands and bays.", "Environmental issues with coral reefs __knowledge__ Other dangers include disease, destructive fishing practices and warming oceans.", "Environmental issues with coral reefs __knowledge__ Factors that affect coral reefs include the ocean's role as a carbon dioxide sink, atmospheric changes, ultraviolet light, ocean acidification, viruses, impacts of dust storms carrying agents to far-flung reefs, pollutants, algal blooms and others.", "Environmental issues with coral reefs __knowledge__ Reefs are threatened well beyond coastal areas.", "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs __knowledge__ The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt.", "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs __knowledge__ Fitzroy, R.N.", "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs __knowledge__ during the years 1832 to 1836, was published in 1842 as Charles Darwin's first monograph, and set out his theory of the formation of coral reefs and atolls.", "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs __knowledge__ He conceived of the idea during the voyage of the \"Beagle\" while still in South America, before he had seen a coral island, and wrote it out as HMS \"Beagle\" crossed the Pacific Ocean, completing his draft by November 1835.", "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs __knowledge__ At the time there was great scientific interest in the way that coral reefs formed, and Captain Robert FitzRoy's orders from the Admiralty included the investigation of an atoll as an important scientific aim of the voyage.", "Coral bleaching __knowledge__ Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues.", "Coral bleaching __knowledge__ Normally, coral polyps live in an endosymbiotic relationship with the algae and that relationship is crucial for the coral and hence for the health of the whole reef.", "Coral bleaching __knowledge__ Bleached corals might continue to live for some time.", "Coral bleaching __knowledge__ But as the algae provide the coral with up to 90% of its energy, after expelling the algae the coral begins to starve.", "Coral bleaching __knowledge__ After bleaching, some corals may recover, while some die.", "Coral bleaching __knowledge__ Above-average sea water temperatures caused by global warming have been identified as a leading cause for coral bleaching worldwide.", "Coral reef fish __knowledge__ Coral reef fish are fish which live amongst or in close relation to coral reefs.", "Coral reef fish __knowledge__ Coral reefs form complex ecosystems with tremendous biodiversity.", "Coral reef fish __knowledge__ Among the myriad inhabitants, the fish stand out as colourful and interesting to watch.", "Coral reef fish __knowledge__ Hundreds of species can exist in a small area of a healthy reef, many of them hidden or well camouflaged.", "Coral reef fish __knowledge__ Reef fish have developed many ingenious specialisations adapted to survival on the reefs.", "Coral reef fish __knowledge__ Coral reefs occupy less than one percent of the surface area of the world oceans, but still they provide a home for 25 percent of all marine fish species.", "Coral reef fish __knowledge__ Reef habitats are a sharp contrast to the open water habitats that make up the other 99% of the world oceans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped breathing tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods with relatively little effort and to breathe while face-down at the surface.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort locations.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ The primary appeal is the opportunity to observe underwater life in a natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ It appeals to all ages because of how little effort there is, and without the exhaled bubbles of scuba-diving equipment.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ It is the basis of the two surface disciplines of the underwater sport of finswimming.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is also used by scuba divers when on the surface, in underwater sports such as underwater hockey and underwater rugby, and as part of water-based searches conducted by search and rescue teams.", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ Snorkeling is mentioned by Aristotle in his \"Parts of Animals\".", "Snorkeling __knowledge__ He refers to divers using \"instruments for respiration\" resembling the elephant's trunk.", "Underwater rugby __knowledge__ Underwater rugby (UWR) is an underwater team sport.", "Underwater rugby __knowledge__ During a match two teams try to score a negatively buoyant ball (filled with saltwater) into the opponents’ goal at the bottom of a swimming pool.", "Underwater rugby __knowledge__ It originated from within the physical fitness training regime existing in German diving clubs during the early 1960s and has little in common with rugby football except for the name.", "Underwater rugby __knowledge__ It was recognised by the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) in 1978 and was first played as a world championship in 1980.", "Underwater rugby __knowledge__ It is played under water in a pool with a depth of 3.5m to 5m and goals (heavy metal buckets with a diameter of about 40 cm) at the bottom of the pool.", "Underwater sports __knowledge__ Underwater sports is a group of competitive sports using one or a combination of the following underwater diving techniques - breath-hold, snorkelling or scuba including the use of equipment such as diving masks and fins.", "Underwater sports __knowledge__ These sports are conducted in the natural environment at sites such as open water and sheltered or confined water such as lakes and in artificial aquatic environments such as swimming pools.", "Underwater sports __knowledge__ Underwater sports include the following - aquathlon (i.e.", "Underwater sports __knowledge__ underwater wrestling), finswimming, freediving, spearfishing, sport diving, underwater football, underwater hockey, underwater ice hockey, underwater orienteering, underwater photography, underwater rugby, underwater target shooting and underwater video.", "Underwater rugby in Australia __knowledge__ Underwater rugby (UWR) has been played in Australia since 2007 and as of 2016 is played in every State and the Australian Capital Territory.", "Underwater rugby in Australia __knowledge__ Underwater rugby has been played in Australia since 2007.", "Underwater rugby in Australia __knowledge__ Its introduction is attributed to individuals based at the University of New South Wales Underwater Club including a former member of the Colombian National Team.", "Underwater rugby in Australia __knowledge__ As of 2016, UWR is played at venues in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia.", "Underwater rugby in Australia __knowledge__ The first national tournament was held in Sydney as part of the 2013 Australian International Scuba & Underwater Sports Expo (ODEX) during September 2013..", "Freediving __knowledge__ Freediving, free-diving, free diving, breath-hold diving, or skin diving is a form of underwater diving that relies on divers' ability to hold their breath until resurfacing rather than on the use of a breathing apparatus such as scuba gear.", "Freediving __knowledge__ Besides the limits of breath-hold, immersion in water and exposure to high ambient pressure also have physiological effects that limit the depths and duration possible in freediving.", "Freediving __knowledge__ Examples of freediving activities are: traditional fishing techniques, competitive and non-competitive freediving, competitive and non-competitive spearfishing and freediving photography, synchronized swimming, underwater football, underwater rugby, underwater hockey, underwater target shooting and snorkeling.", "Underwater rugby in the United States __knowledge__ Underwater Rugby started in the United States in 1979.", "Underwater rugby in the United States __knowledge__ Nick Caloyianis started the first team at Catonsville Community College (now called Community College of Baltimore County, Catonsville).", "Underwater rugby in the United States __knowledge__ He is a famous underwater filmmaker and director, with several televised specials.", "Underwater rugby in the United States __knowledge__ Catonsville Community College is just south of the Baltimore Beltway, and south of the city limits.", "Underwater rugby in the United States __knowledge__ Anne Arundel Community College had a competing team for several years.", "Underwater rugby in the United States __knowledge__ It was also played for a while at the YMCA pool in Severna Park, Arundel Olympic Swim Center pool in Annapolis, and briefly in a pool in Columbia and at Howard Community College.", "Stig Severinsen __knowledge__ Stig Åvall Severinsen (born March 8, 1973) is a Danish freediver.", "Stig Severinsen __knowledge__ He is a four-time world freediving champion and holder of multiple Guinness World Records.", "Stig Severinsen __knowledge__ He wrote \"Træk Vejret – mere energi, mindre stress\" (2009), published in English in 2010 as \"Breatheology – The Art of Conscious Breathing\".", "Stig Severinsen __knowledge__ Severinsen has a degree in biology and a Ph.D. in medicine.", "Stig Severinsen __knowledge__ He began experimenting with holding his breath as a child at the bottom of his parents' pool.", "Stig Severinsen __knowledge__ He started swimming at the age of 6 and was awarded National Champion four years in a row at 9, 10, 11 and 12.", "Stig Severinsen __knowledge__ In 1993–2003 he played Underwater Rugby, and was a member of the Danish national team.", "Underwater rugby in Colombia __knowledge__ Underwater rugby in Colombia is played in a system of three major club events per year, with an inter-leagues tournament at the end of each year.", "Underwater rugby in Colombia __knowledge__ During the year preceding a World Cup or major CMAS underwater rugby event, the country's best players are pre-selected to be part of the national team.", "Underwater rugby in Colombia __knowledge__ There are three major events each year, all of which include every club team.", "Underwater rugby in Colombia __knowledge__ Set for March, June, and October of each year, the events generally involve both women's and men's competitions.", "Underwater rugby in Colombia __knowledge__ Each year is concluded with a final inter-leagues tournament.", "Underwater rugby in Colombia __knowledge__ Since some departments in the country have several teams, a qualifying event is held first.", "Underwater hockey __knowledge__ Underwater Hockey (UWH), also known as Octopush (mainly in the United Kingdom) is a globally played limited-contact sport in which two teams compete to manoeuvre a puck across the bottom of a swimming pool into the opposing team's goal by propelling it with a hockey stick (bat).", "Underwater hockey __knowledge__ It originated in England in 1954 when Alice Cleverley, the founder of the newly formed Southsea Sub-Aqua Club, invented the game she called Octopush as a means of keeping the club's members interested and active over the cold winter months when open-water diving lost its appeal.", "Underwater hockey __knowledge__ Underwater Hockey is now played worldwide, with the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques, abbreviated CMAS, as the world governing body.", "Philippine Underwater Hockey Confederation __knowledge__ The Philippine Underwater Hockey Confederation (PUHC) is the national sports association for Underwater hockey and the first Underwater hockey club in Asia, represented by 3 underwater hockey clubs across the country namely, Polo Puck Pirates Underwater Hockey Club, Underwater Hockey Bootcamp and Citadel Underwater Hockey Club.", "Philippine Underwater Hockey Confederation __knowledge__ The PUHC also organizing national tournaments.", "Philippine Underwater Hockey Confederation __knowledge__ The PUHC is being affiliated with the World Underwater Federation (CMAS), the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC), and the Philippine Sports Commission (PSC).", "Philippine Underwater Hockey Confederation __knowledge__ Underwater hockey in the Philippines started in 1979, when a president of a dive club based in Manila, read an article on underwater hockey in the official magazine in CMAS.", "Australian Underwater Federation __knowledge__ The Australian Underwater Federation (AUF) is the governing body for underwater sports in Australia.", "Australian Underwater Federation __knowledge__ The mission of the AUF is to: Bringing Sport, Conservation and Awareness to the Underwater World.", "Australian Underwater Federation __knowledge__ The AUF is a membership-based organisation whose day-to-day operations are overseen by a federal board and by a number of committees (known as commissions) for following activities - finswimming (commission known as \"Ozfin Inc.\"), scuba, snorkel, spearfishing and underwater hockey (commission known as \"Underwater Hockey Australia\").", "Australian Underwater Federation __knowledge__ It also currently has state branches in New South Wales (incorporated as the \"Underwater Skindivers & Fishermen's Association Inc\") and Queensland, and state commissions for finswimming and underwater hockey in most states.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ Underwater Ice Hockey (also called Sub-aqua Ice Hockey) is a minor extreme sport that is a variant of Ice Hockey.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ It is played upside-down underneath frozen pools or ponds.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ Participants wear diving masks, fins and wetsuits and use the underside of the frozen surface as the playing area for a floating puck.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ Competitors do not use any breathing apparatuses, but instead surface for air every 30 seconds or so.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ It is not to be confused with Underwater Hockey, in which the floor of a swimming pool and a sinking puck are used.", "Underwater ice hockey __knowledge__ The idea for the sport is attributed to Christian Redl, an Austrian freediver who is notable for various world free-diving depth records under ice." ] ]

[ 4, 3, 8, 13 ]

[ "Haven't been snorkeling for years. It was a very popular activity at some tropical resorts I used to go to.", "It's so nice to see underwater attractions like coral reefs and to be able to observe for long periods of time!", "Very true. But when you're competent at it you could even participate in such sports as underwater hockey and underwater rugby!", "No, but I've heard of it. It originated in Germany in the 60s. It bears little resemblance to rugby football mind you." ]

[ "Snorkeling", "Snorkeling", "Snorkeling", "Snorkeling" ]

[ "Navy\nThe Navy is almost never mentioned compared to the Army and Marines where I'm from.", "Agreed, maritime war is so big yet it is really under exaggerated at times. ", "So what makes them so different? Do they just train for sea combat and train to use boats instead of other equipment?", "That makes sense, since all borders eventually end up at some form of water, at least continental wise.", "I guess I never considered the strategic side of the armed forces as much as the physical side." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Navy __knowledge__ A navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft) and its associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based.", "Navy __knowledge__ It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.", "Navy __knowledge__ It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations).", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles.", "Navy __knowledge__ Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), and something in between (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division.", "History of the United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ The history of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) begins with the founding of the Continental Marines on 10 November 1775 to conduct ship-to-ship fighting, provide shipboard security and discipline enforcement, and assist in landing forces.", "History of the United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ Its mission evolved with changing military doctrine and foreign policy of the United States.", "History of the United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ Owing to the availability of Marine forces at sea, the United States Marine Corps has served in nearly every conflict in United States history.", "History of the United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ It attained prominence when its theories and practice of amphibious warfare proved prescient, and ultimately formed a cornerstone of the Pacific Theater of World War II.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Sharpe is a series of historical fiction stories by Bernard Cornwell centred on the character of Richard Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Cornwell's series (composed of several novels and short stories) charts Sharpe's progress in the British Army during the Napoleonic Wars.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Director Tom Clegg filmed the television series Sharpe based on the novels by Bernard Cornwell starring Sean Bean as Richard Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ The series originally ran from 1993 to 1997.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ In 2006, ITV premiered \"Sharpe's Challenge\", a two-part adventure loosely based on his time in India, with Sean Bean continuing his role as Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ In both the novels and television series, Sharpe encountered many characters, some real and some fictional.", "United States Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion __knowledge__ The United States Marine Corps's Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion, formerly \"Company\", was a specialized team of Marines and Navy Corpsmen that performed clandestine preliminary pre–D-Day amphibious reconnaissance of planned beachheads and their littoral area within uncharted enemy territory for the joint-Navy/Marine force commanders of the Pacific Fleet during World War II.", "United States Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion __knowledge__ Often accompanied by Navy Underwater Demolition Teams and the early division recon companies, these amphib recon platoons performed more reconnaissance missions (over 150) than any other single recon unit during the Pacific campaigns.", "United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also known as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy.", "United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.", "United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834, working closely with naval forces.", "United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world.", "Iraq War in Anbar Province __knowledge__ The Iraq War in Anbar Province, also known as the Al Anbar campaign, consisted of fighting between the United States military, together with Iraqi Government forces, and Sunni insurgents in the western Iraqi province of Al Anbar.", "Iraq War in Anbar Province __knowledge__ The Iraq War lasted from 2003 to 2011, but the majority of the fighting and counterinsurgency campaign in Anbar took place between April 2004 and September 2007.", "Iraq War in Anbar Province __knowledge__ Although the fighting initially featured heavy urban warfare primarily between insurgents and U.S. Marines, insurgents in later years focused on ambushing the American and Iraqi security forces with improvised explosive devices (IED's), large scale attacks on combat outposts, and car bombings.", "Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ The Southern Victory Series is a series of alternate history novels written by Harry Turtledove.", "Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ The point of divergence involves Confederate States of America winning the American Civil War and becoming an independent nation.", "Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ The series covers events from 1862 to 1945 and features dozens of characters, some of whom were historical figures.", "Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ Rather than \"Little Women\", set in a North that was winning the war, Louisa May Alcott wrote \"After the War was Lost\".", "Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series __knowledge__ In a rather odd move on Turtledove's part, L. Frank Baum is introduced as an American fighter pilot early in the Great War, this despite the fact that Baum was aged 58 in 1914.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ This list is of characters featured in the \"Gaunt's Ghosts\" series of novels by Dan Abnett, which are set in the fictional \"Warhammer 40,000\" universe.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Biographical details are included.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Colonel-Commissar Ibram Gaunt is the commanding officer of the Tanith First-and-Only during the Sabbat Worlds Crusade.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Not much is known of Gaunt's past prior to his training under Commissar-General Delane Oktar, but several flashbacks in \"First and Only\" tell enough to form a picture of his early years (according to the records, his mother died shortly after he was born and his father was killed in action by Orks on the planet Kentaur)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Navy __knowledge__ A navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft) and its associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based.", "Navy __knowledge__ It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.", "Navy __knowledge__ It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations).", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles.", "Navy __knowledge__ Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), and something in between (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division.", "Transformation of the Ottoman Empire __knowledge__ The Transformation of the Ottoman Empire, also known as the Era of Transformation, constitutes a period in the history of the Ottoman Empire from to , spanning roughly from the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent to the Treaty of Karlowitz at the conclusion of the War of the Holy League.", "Transformation of the Ottoman Empire __knowledge__ This period was characterized by numerous dramatic political, social, and economic changes, which resulted in the empire shifting from an expansionist, patrimonial state into a bureaucratic empire based on an ideology of upholding justice and acting as the protector of Sunni Islam.", "Transformation of the Ottoman Empire __knowledge__ These changes were in large part prompted by a series of political and economic crises in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, resulting from inflation, warfare, and political factionalism.", "English Army __knowledge__ The English Army existed while England was an independent state and was at war with other states, but it was not until the Interregnum and the New Model Army (raised by Parliament to defeat the Royalists in the English Civil War) that England acquired a peacetime professional standing army.", "English Army __knowledge__ At the restoration of the monarchy, Charles II kept a small standing army, formed from elements of the Royalist army in exile and elements of the New Model Army, from which the most senior regular regiments of today's British Army can trace their antecedence.", "English Army __knowledge__ Likewise, Royal Marines can trace their origins back to the formation of the English Army's \"Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of Foot\" at the grounds of the Honourable Artillery Company on 28 October 1664.", "History of the United States Navy __knowledge__ The history of the United States Navy divides into two major periods: the \"Old Navy\", a small but respected force of sailing ships that was also notable for innovation in the use of ironclads during the American Civil War, and the \"New Navy\", the result of a modernization effort that began in the 1880s and made it the largest in the world by the 1920s.", "History of the United States Navy __knowledge__ The United States Navy claims 13 October 1775 as the date of its official establishment, when the Second Continental Congress passed a resolution creating the Continental Navy.", "History of the United States Navy __knowledge__ With the end of the American Revolutionary War, the Continental Navy was disbanded.", "Command responsibility __knowledge__ Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard or the Medina standard, and also known as superior responsibility, is the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes.", "Command responsibility __knowledge__ The term may also be used more broadly to refer to the duty to supervise subordinates, and liability for the failure to do so, both in government, military law, and with regard to corporations and trusts.", "Command responsibility __knowledge__ The doctrine of \"command responsibility\" was established by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, partly based on the American Lieber code, a war manual for the Union forces signed by President Abraham Lincoln 1863, and was applied for the first time by the German Supreme Court at the Leipzig War Crimes Trials after World War I, in the 1921 trial of Emil Müller.", "Pompey __knowledge__ Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (; 29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), usually known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic.", "Pompey __knowledge__ He came from a wealthy Italian provincial background, and his father had been the first to establish the family among the Roman nobility.", "Pompey __knowledge__ Pompey's immense success as a general while still very young enabled him to advance directly to his first consulship without meeting the normal requirements for office.", "Pompey __knowledge__ His success as a military commander in Sulla's second civil war resulted in Sulla bestowing the nickname \"Magnus\", \"the Great\", upon him.", "2004 William & Mary Tribe football team __knowledge__ The 2004 William & Mary Tribe football team represented the College of William & Mary, United States, in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I-AA (now called Football Championship Subdivision [FCS]) college football during the 2004 season.", "2004 William & Mary Tribe football team __knowledge__ William & Mary competed as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10) under head football coach Jimmye Laycock and played their home games at Zable Stadium.", "2004 William & Mary Tribe football team __knowledge__ The 2004 Tribe football team is considered, within the William & Mary community, to be one of the two greatest teams ever assembled at the college (the other being the 2009 team).", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "French Navy __knowledge__ The French Navy (, \"national navy\"), informally , is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces.", "French Navy __knowledge__ Tracing foundation along with the Ministère de la Marine dating back to 1624, \"La Royale\" is one of the world's oldest naval forces and historically played a key part in establishing the French colonial empire.", "French Navy __knowledge__ Since the early foundings, maritime force roles of the French Navy have been defined around the seven seas within missions formulating permanent and non-permanent deterring forces, including aeronaval, maintaining intelligence, protecting populations, preventing crises, intervening wherever necessary to reestablish peace, and deterring by permanent oceanic missions any threats against vital French interests.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Zawi ben Ziri as-Sinhayi or Al-Mansur Zawi Ibn Ziri Ibn as-Manad Sanhaji (), was a chief in the Berber Sanhaja tribe.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He arrived in Spain in 1000 (391) during the reign of Almanzor.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He took part in the rebellion against the Caliphate of Córdoba and settled in the with followers from his Sanhaja tribe.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He founded the Taifa of Granada, and founded the Zirid dynasty of Granada as its first Emir, reigning from 1013 to 1019.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Zawi's father, Ziri ibn Manad (Ziri) was the leader of the Berber Sanhaja tribe, with allegiance to Al-Mansur Billah, leader of the Fatimid Caliphate.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Ziri founded the Zirid dynasty in the Maghreb with the permission of Al-Mansur Billah in 944 and built the city of El Achir.", "Blue-water navy __knowledge__ A blue-water navy is a maritime force capable of operating globally, essentially across the deep waters of open oceans.", "Blue-water navy __knowledge__ While definitions of what actually constitutes such a force vary, there is a requirement for the ability to exercise sea control at wide ranges.", "Blue-water navy __knowledge__ The term \"blue-water navy\" is a maritime geographical-term in contrast with \"brown-water navy\" and \"green-water navy\".", "Blue-water navy __knowledge__ The Defense Security Service of the United States has defined the blue-water navy as \"a maritime force capable of sustained operation across the deep waters of open oceans.", "Blue-water navy __knowledge__ A blue-water navy allows a country to project power far from the home country and usually includes one or more aircraft carriers.", "Royal Navy __knowledge__ The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.", "Royal Navy __knowledge__ Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the Kingdom of France.", "Royal Navy __knowledge__ The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is known as the Senior Service.", "Royal Navy __knowledge__ From the middle decades of the 17th century, and through the 18th century, the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy.", "Royal Navy __knowledge__ From the mid 18th century, it was the world's most powerful navy until surpassed by the United States Navy during the Second World War.", "Spanish Navy __knowledge__ The Spanish Navy (), is the maritime branch of the Spanish Armed Forces and one of the oldest active naval forces in the world.", "Spanish Navy __knowledge__ The Spanish navy was responsible for a number of major historic achievements in navigation, the most famous being the discovery of America and the first global circumnavigation by Magellan and Elcano.", "Spanish Navy __knowledge__ For several centuries, it played a crucial logistical role in the Spanish Empire and defended a vast trade network across the Atlantic Ocean between the Americas and Europe and across the Pacific Ocean between Asia and the Americas.", "Spanish Navy __knowledge__ The Spanish Navy was the most powerful maritime force in the world in the 16th and 17th centuries and possibly the world`s largest navy at the end of the 16th century and in the early 17th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Navy __knowledge__ A navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft) and its associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based.", "Navy __knowledge__ It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.", "Navy __knowledge__ It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations).", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles.", "Navy __knowledge__ Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), and something in between (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division.", "List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons __knowledge__ There are hundreds of US Navy aircraft squadrons which are not currently active dating back to before World War II (the U.S. Navy operated aircraft prior to World War I, but it did not organize them in squadrons until after that war).", "List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons __knowledge__ To be more accurate: there are hundreds of former U.S. Navy aircraft squadrons which have been disestablished and no longer exist and there are approximately 40 or so U.S. Navy aircraft squadrons which have been deactivated and which currently exist only \"on paper\" in an inactive status.", "List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons __knowledge__ These disestablished and/or deactivated squadrons are sometimes incorrectly referred to as \"decommissioned\" squadrons, but proper usage prior to 1998, was that squadrons were \"established\" and \"disestablished\" and after 1998, squadrons are \"established\", \"deactivated\" and sometimes \"reactivated\".", "HSC-25 __knowledge__ Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 25 (HSC-25) \"Island Knights\" is a United States Navy helicopter squadron based at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam.", "HSC-25 __knowledge__ The \"Island Knights\" are the Navy's only forward deployed Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron.", "HSC-25 __knowledge__ HSC-25 flies the MH-60S \"Knighthawk\" helicopter, manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation in Stratford, Connecticut.", "HSC-25 __knowledge__ Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron Two Five (HSC-25) was initially established as Helicopter Combat Support Squadron Five (HC-5) at Naval Air Station Agana, Guam on 3 February 1984.", "HSC-25 __knowledge__ As the “Providers”, HC-5 flew the CH-46D “Sea Knight,” moving to Andersen AFB in 1995 following the BRAC-directed closure of NAS Agana.", "Byzantine navy __knowledge__ The Byzantine navy was the naval force of the East Roman or Byzantine Empire.", "Byzantine navy __knowledge__ Like the empire it served, it was a direct continuation from its Imperial Roman predecessor, but played a far greater role in the defence and survival of the state than its earlier iteration.", "Byzantine navy __knowledge__ While the fleets of the unified Roman Empire faced few great naval threats, operating as a policing force vastly inferior in power and prestige to the legions, the sea became vital to the very existence of the Byzantine state, which several historians have called a \"maritime empire\".", "Byzantine navy __knowledge__ The first threat to Roman hegemony in the Mediterranean was posed by the Vandals in the 5th century, but their threat was ended by the wars of Justinian I in the 6th century.", "United States Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion __knowledge__ The United States Marine Corps's Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion, formerly \"Company\", was a specialized team of Marines and Navy Corpsmen that performed clandestine preliminary pre–D-Day amphibious reconnaissance of planned beachheads and their littoral area within uncharted enemy territory for the joint-Navy/Marine force commanders of the Pacific Fleet during World War II.", "United States Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion __knowledge__ Often accompanied by Navy Underwater Demolition Teams and the early division recon companies, these amphib recon platoons performed more reconnaissance missions (over 150) than any other single recon unit during the Pacific campaigns.", "Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk __knowledge__ The Sikorsky SH-60/MH-60 Seahawk (or Sea Hawk) is a twin turboshaft engine, multi-mission United States Navy helicopter based on the United States Army UH-60 Black Hawk and a member of the Sikorsky S-70 family.", "Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk __knowledge__ The most significant airframe modification is a hinged tail to reduce its footprint aboard ships.", "Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk __knowledge__ The U.S. Navy uses the H-60 airframe under the model designations SH-60B, SH-60F, HH-60H, MH-60R, and MH-60S.", "Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk __knowledge__ Able to deploy aboard any air-capable frigate, destroyer, cruiser, fast combat support ship, amphibious assault ship, or aircraft carrier, the Seahawk can handle anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASUW), naval special warfare (NSW) insertion, search and rescue (SAR), combat search and rescue (CSAR), vertical replenishment (VERTREP), and medical evacuation (MEDEVAC).", "RAF Coastal Command during World War II __knowledge__ RAF Coastal Command was a formation within the Royal Air Force (RAF).", "RAF Coastal Command during World War II __knowledge__ Founded in 1936, it was to act as the RAF maritime arm, after the Fleet Air Arm became part of the Royal Navy in 1937.", "RAF Coastal Command during World War II __knowledge__ Naval aviation was neglected in the inter-war period, 1919–1939, and as a consequence the service did not receive the resources it needed to develop properly or efficiently.", "RAF Coastal Command during World War II __knowledge__ This continued until the outbreak of the Second World War, during which it came to prominence.", "RAF Coastal Command during World War II __knowledge__ Owing to the Air Ministry's concentration on RAF Fighter Command and RAF Bomber Command, Coastal Command was often referred to as the \"Cinderella Service\", a phrase first used by the First Lord of the Admiralty at the time A V Alexander.", "Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines __knowledge__ General Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines began on 11 March 1942, during World War II, when the general and members of his family and staff left Corregidor Island and his forces, surrounded by the Japanese, traveled in PT boats through stormy seas patrolled by Japanese warships, and reached Mindanao two days later.", "Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines __knowledge__ From there, MacArthur and his party flew to Australia in a pair of Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses, ultimately arriving in Melbourne by train on 21 March.", "Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines __knowledge__ In Australia, he made his famous speech in which he declared, \"I came through and I shall return\".", "Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines __knowledge__ MacArthur was a well-known and experienced officer with a distinguished record in World War I, who had retired from the United States Army in 1937 and had become a defense advisor to the Philippine government.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ The Portuguese Navy (, also known as \"Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa\" or as \"Armada Portuguesa\") is the naval branch of the Portuguese Armed Forces which, in cooperation and integrated with the other branches of the Portuguese military, is charged with the military defense of Portugal.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ On the 12 December 2017, the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ Tracing back to the 12th century, it is so one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world.", "Portuguese Navy __knowledge__ The Navy played a key role at the beginning and during the great voyages of the Age of Discoveries in the 15th and 16th centuries.", "Portuguese Armed Forces __knowledge__ The Portuguese Armed Forces () are the military of Portugal.", "Portuguese Armed Forces __knowledge__ They include the General Staff of the Armed Forces, the other unified bodies and the three service branches: Portuguese Navy, Portuguese Army and Portuguese Air Force.", "Portuguese Armed Forces __knowledge__ The President of the Republic is the head of the Portuguese military, with the title of \"Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces\" (\"Comandante Supremo das Forças Armadas\").", "Portuguese Armed Forces __knowledge__ The management of the Armed Forces and the execution of the national defense policy is however done by the government via its Minister of National Defense.", "Portuguese Armed Forces __knowledge__ The highest-ranking officer in the military is the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, which has operational control of the Armed Forces during peacetime and assumes their full control when a state of war exists.", "Military colours, standards and guidons __knowledge__ In military organizations, the practice of carrying colours, standards or guidons, both to act as a rallying point for troops and to mark the location of the commander, is thought to have originated in Ancient Egypt some 5,000 years ago.", "Military colours, standards and guidons __knowledge__ The Roman Empire also made battle standards a part of their vast armies.", "Military colours, standards and guidons __knowledge__ It was formalized in the armies of Europe in the High Middle Ages, with standards being emblazoned with the commander's coat of arms.", "Military colours, standards and guidons __knowledge__ As armies became trained and adopted set formations, each regiment's ability to keep its formation was potentially critical to its, and therefore its army's, success.", "National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela __knowledge__ The National Bolivarian Armed Forces () are controlled by the Commander-in-Chief (the President) and a civilian Minister of Defense.", "National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela __knowledge__ In addition to the army, navy, and air force there is also a national guard and national militia primarily focused on internal security.", "National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela __knowledge__ The armed forces primary purpose is to defend Venezuelan territory from attack, combat drug trafficking, provide search and rescue capabilities, aid the civilian population in case of natural disasters protection, as well as numerous internal security assignments.", "National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela __knowledge__ , the armed forces have 113,558 personnel.", "National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela __knowledge__ The origin of an organized and professional armed forces in Venezuela dates to the Spanish troops quartered in the former Province of Venezuela in the 18th century.", "Military history of the United States during World War II __knowledge__ The military history of the United States in World War II covers the war against Germany, Italy, Japan and starting with the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.", "Military history of the United States during World War II __knowledge__ During the first two years of World War II, the United States had maintained formal neutrality as made officially in the Quarantine Speech delivered by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937, while supplying Britain, the Soviet Union, and China with war material through the Lend-Lease Act which was signed into law on 11 March 1941, as well as deploying the U.S. military to replace the British invasion forces in Iceland.", "Military history of the United States during World War II __knowledge__ In the Pacific Theater, there was unofficial early U.S. combat activity such as the Flying Tigers.", "Commander-in-chief __knowledge__ A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.", "Commander-in-chief __knowledge__ As a practical term, it refers to military competencies that reside in a nation-state's executive leadership—a head of state, a head of government.", "Commander-in-chief __knowledge__ Often, a given country's commander-in-chief (if held by an official) need not be or have been a commissioned officer or even a veteran.", "Commander-in-chief __knowledge__ In these countries this follows the principle of civilian control of the military.", "Commander-in-chief __knowledge__ The role of commander-in-chief derives from the Latin, \"\".", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ The Portuguese Air Force () is the aerial warfare force of Portugal.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ Locally, it is referred to by the acronym FAP, but internationally is often referred to by the acronym PoAF.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ It is the youngest of the three branches of the Portuguese Armed Forces.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ The Portuguese Air Force was formed on July 1, 1952, when the former \"Aeronáutica Militar\" (Army Aviation) and \"Aviação Naval\" (Naval Aviation) were united and formed an independent air branch of the Armed Forces.", "Portuguese Air Force __knowledge__ However, the remote origins of the FAP go back to the early 20th century, with the establishment of the first military air unit in 1911, of the Military Aeronautics School in 1914, of the participation of Portuguese pilots in the World War I and of establishment of the Army and Navy aviation services." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Navy __knowledge__ A navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft) and its associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based.", "Navy __knowledge__ It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.", "Navy __knowledge__ It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations).", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles.", "Navy __knowledge__ Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), and something in between (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's basketball competition.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The University of Texas began varsity intercollegiate competition in men's basketball in 1906.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Longhorns rank 17th in total victories among all NCAA Division I college basketball programs and 25th in all-time win percentage among programs with at least 50 years in Division I, with an all-time win-loss record of 1759–1057 ().", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ Among Big 12 Conference men's basketball programs, Texas is second only to Kansas in both all-time wins and all-time win percentage.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ There are many varieties of criticism.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ This article describes common types that occur regularly in everyday life.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For other criteria that classify criticisms, see this page.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Aesthetic criticism is a part of aesthetics concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, meaning and quality of design—and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evoking of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes).", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Most parts of human life have an aesthetic dimension, which means there is plenty potential for criticism.", "Ichthyosaur __knowledge__ Ichthyosaurs (Greek for \"fish lizard\" – ιχθυς or \"ichthys\" meaning \"fish\" and σαυρος or \"sauros\" meaning \"lizard\") are large marine reptiles.", "Ichthyosaur __knowledge__ Ichthyosaurs belong to the order known as Ichthyosauria or Ichthyopterygia ('fish flippers' – a designation introduced by Sir Richard Owen in 1840, although the term is now used more for the parent clade of the Ichthyosauria).", "Ichthyosaur __knowledge__ Ichthyosaurs thrived during much of the Mesozoic era; based on fossil evidence, they first appeared around 250 million years ago (Mya) and at least one species survived until about 90 million years ago, into the Late Cretaceous.", "Ichthyosaur __knowledge__ During the early Triassic period, ichthyosaurs evolved from a group of unidentified land reptiles that returned to the sea, in a development parallel to that of the ancestors of modern-day dolphins and whales, which they gradually came to resemble in a case of convergent evolution.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" and \"Digimon Adventure 02\" are the first two seasons of the Digimon anime series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" originally aired from March 7, 1999 – March 26, 2000 whilst \"Digimon Adventure 02\" originally aired from April 2, 2000 – March 25, 2001 as a direct sequel to the preceding series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ Both series feature a variety of different characters but mostly centre upon \"The DigiDestined\", a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ A sequel 6-part movie series titled \"Digimon Adventure tri.\"", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ started airing in November 2015. are a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\".", "Operation Barbarossa __knowledge__ Operation Barbarossa (German: \"Unternehmen Barbarossa\") was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, starting Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.", "Operation Barbarossa __knowledge__ The operation stemmed from Nazi Germany's ideological aims to conquer the western Soviet Union so that it could be repopulated by Germans, to use Slavs as a slave-labour force for the Axis war-effort, and to seize the oil reserves of the Caucasus and the agricultural resources of Soviet territories.", "Operation Barbarossa __knowledge__ In the two years leading up to the invasion, Germany and the Soviet Union signed political and economic pacts for strategic purposes.", "Strategic Air Command __knowledge__ Strategic Air Command (SAC) was both a Department of Defense Specified Command and a United States Air Force (USAF) Major Command (MAJCOM), responsible for Cold War command and control of two of the three components of the U.S. military's strategic nuclear strike forces, the so-called \"nuclear triad,\" with SAC having control of land-based strategic bomber aircraft and intercontinental ballistic missiles or ICBMs (the other being submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM)).", "Strategic Air Command __knowledge__ SAC also operated all strategic reconnaissance aircraft, all strategic airborne command post aircraft, and all USAF aerial refueling aircraft, to include those in the Air Force Reserve (AFRES) and Air National Guard (ANG).", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ The Indian Armed Forces (: \"Bhāratīya Saśastra Senāeṃ\") are the military forces of the Republic of India.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ It consists of three professional uniformed services: the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ Additionally, the Indian Armed Forces are supported by the Indian Coast Guard and paramilitary organisations (Assam Rifles, and Special Frontier Force) and various inter-service commands and institutions such as the Strategic Forces Command, the Andaman and Nicobar Command and the Integrated Defence Staff.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ The Indian Armed Forces are under the management of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of the Government of India.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The economic war consisted mainly of a naval blockade which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic, and included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent their sale to the enemy.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ There were four distinct phases of the blockade.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The first period was from the beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 to the end of the \"Phoney War,\" during which the Allies and Axis Powers both intercepted neutral merchant ships to seize deliveries en route to the enemy.", "Kurt von Schleicher __knowledge__ Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher (; 7 April 1882 – 30 June 1934) was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the era of the Weimar Republic.", "Kurt von Schleicher __knowledge__ An important player in the German army's efforts to avoid the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles, Schleicher rose to power as a close advisor to President Paul von Hindenburg.", "Kurt von Schleicher __knowledge__ In 1930 he was instrumental in the toppling of Hermann Müller's government and the appointment of Heinrich Brüning as Chancellor.", "Kurt von Schleicher __knowledge__ Beginning in 1932 he served as Minister of War in the cabinet of Franz von Papen, whom he succeeded as Chancellor on 3 December.", "Pakistan Navy __knowledge__ The Pakistan Navy (; ) (reporting name: PN) is the naval warfare branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces, responsible for Pakistan's of coastline along the Arabian Sea, and the defence of important civilian harbours and military bases.", "Pakistan Navy __knowledge__ The Pakistan Navy came into the existence after the independence of Pakistan in 1947.", "Pakistan Navy __knowledge__ The President of Pakistan serves as the Supreme Commander of the Navy under Article 243 (2) of the Constitution of Pakistan, and the Chief of Naval Staff heads the Navy.", "Pakistan Navy __knowledge__ Navy Day is celebrated on 8 September in commemoration of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.", "Pakistan Navy __knowledge__ The Pakistan Navy's current and primary role is to protect the country's economic and military interests at home and abroad, executing the foreign and defence policies of the Government of Pakistan through the exercise of military effect, diplomatic activities and other activities in support of these objectives.", "History of the United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ The history of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) begins with the founding of the Continental Marines on 10 November 1775 to conduct ship-to-ship fighting, provide shipboard security and discipline enforcement, and assist in landing forces.", "History of the United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ Its mission evolved with changing military doctrine and foreign policy of the United States.", "History of the United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ Owing to the availability of Marine forces at sea, the United States Marine Corps has served in nearly every conflict in United States history.", "History of the United States Marine Corps __knowledge__ It attained prominence when its theories and practice of amphibious warfare proved prescient, and ultimately formed a cornerstone of the Pacific Theater of World War II." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Navy __knowledge__ A navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft) and its associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based.", "Navy __knowledge__ It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.", "Navy __knowledge__ It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations).", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies.", "Navy __knowledge__ The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles.", "Navy __knowledge__ Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), and something in between (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division.", "Commander-in-chief __knowledge__ A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.", "Commander-in-chief __knowledge__ As a practical term, it refers to military competencies that reside in a nation-state's executive leadership—a head of state, a head of government.", "Commander-in-chief __knowledge__ Often, a given country's commander-in-chief (if held by an official) need not be or have been a commissioned officer or even a veteran.", "Commander-in-chief __knowledge__ In these countries this follows the principle of civilian control of the military.", "Commander-in-chief __knowledge__ The role of commander-in-chief derives from the Latin, \"\".", "7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces __knowledge__ The 7th Central Pay Commission (7CPC), constituted in February 2014 to review the principles and structure of emoluments of all central government civilian employees including defence forces, submitted its report on 19 November 2015.", "7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces __knowledge__ 7CPC's recommendations affects the organization, rank structure, pay, allowances and pension, of 13,86,171 armed forces personnel.", "7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces __knowledge__ Following the submission of the 7CPC report, the Chiefs of Staff of the Armed Forces, in their submission to the Government contended that the recommendations of 7th CPC are anomalous, discriminatory, and at variance with historical parities.", "National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela __knowledge__ The National Bolivarian Armed Forces () are controlled by the Commander-in-Chief (the President) and a civilian Minister of Defense.", "National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela __knowledge__ In addition to the army, navy, and air force there is also a national guard and national militia primarily focused on internal security.", "National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela __knowledge__ The armed forces primary purpose is to defend Venezuelan territory from attack, combat drug trafficking, provide search and rescue capabilities, aid the civilian population in case of natural disasters protection, as well as numerous internal security assignments.", "National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela __knowledge__ , the armed forces have 113,558 personnel.", "National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela __knowledge__ The origin of an organized and professional armed forces in Venezuela dates to the Spanish troops quartered in the former Province of Venezuela in the 18th century.", "War in Donbass __knowledge__ The War in Donbass is an armed conflict in the Donbass region of Ukraine.", "War in Donbass __knowledge__ From the beginning of March 2014, protests by pro-Russian and anti-government groups took place in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of the Ukraine, together commonly called the \"Donbass\", in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and the Euromaidan movement.", "War in Donbass __knowledge__ These demonstrations, which followed the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation (February to March 2014), and which were part of a wider group of concurrent pro-Russian protests across southern and eastern Ukraine, escalated into an armed conflict between the separatist forces of the self-declared Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics (DPR and LPR respectively), and the Ukrainian government.", "Pakistan Armed Forces __knowledge__ The Pakistan Armed Forces (, \"Musallah Afwaj-e-Pakistan\") are the military forces of Pakistan.", "Pakistan Armed Forces __knowledge__ They are the sixth largest in the world in terms of active military personnel and the largest among Muslim countries.", "Pakistan Armed Forces __knowledge__ The armed forces comprise three main service branches – Army, Navy, and Air Force – together with a number of paramilitary forces and the Strategic Plans Division Force.", "Pakistan Armed Forces __knowledge__ Chain of command of the military is organized under the Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (JCSC) alongside chiefs of staff of the army, navy, and air force.", "Pakistan Armed Forces __knowledge__ All of the branches work together during operations and joint missions under the Joint Staff Headquarters (JS HQ).", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ The Indian Armed Forces (: \"Bhāratīya Saśastra Senāeṃ\") are the military forces of the Republic of India.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ It consists of three professional uniformed services: the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ Additionally, the Indian Armed Forces are supported by the Indian Coast Guard and paramilitary organisations (Assam Rifles, and Special Frontier Force) and various inter-service commands and institutions such as the Strategic Forces Command, the Andaman and Nicobar Command and the Integrated Defence Staff.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces.", "Indian Armed Forces __knowledge__ The Indian Armed Forces are under the management of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of the Government of India.", "One Rank, One Pension __knowledge__ One Rank One Pension (OROP), or \"same pension, for same rank, for same length of service, irrespective of the date of retirement\", is a longstanding demand of the Indian armed forces and veterans.", "One Rank, One Pension __knowledge__ The demand for pay-pension equity, which underlies the OROP concept, was provoked by the exparte decision by the Indira Gandhi-led Indian National Congress (INC) government, in 1973, two years after the historic victory in the 1971 Bangladesh war, and shortly after Field Marshal SHFJ Manekshaw retired, to decrease armed forces pensions by 20–40 percent, and increase civilian pensions by 20 percent, without consultation with armed forces headquarters.", "Strategic Defense Initiative __knowledge__ The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons (intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched ballistic missiles).", "Strategic Defense Initiative __knowledge__ The concept was first announced publicly by President Ronald Reagan on 23 March 1983.", "Strategic Defense Initiative __knowledge__ Reagan was a vocal critic of the doctrine of mutual assured destruction (MAD), which he described a \"suicide pact\", and he called upon the scientists and engineers of the United States to develop a system that would render nuclear weapons obsolete.", "Strategic Defense Initiative __knowledge__ The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) was set up in 1984 within the United States Department of Defense to oversee development.", "Wake Island __knowledge__ Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is a coral atoll in the western Pacific Ocean in the northeastern area of the Micronesia subregion, east of Guam, west of Honolulu and southeast of Tokyo.", "Wake Island __knowledge__ The island is an unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States Minor Outlying Islands that is also claimed by the Republic of the Marshall Islands.", "Wake Island __knowledge__ Wake Island is one of the most isolated islands in the world and the nearest inhabited island is Utirik Atoll in the Marshall Islands, to the southeast.", "Wake Island __knowledge__ Wake Island is administered by the United States Air Force under an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Interior.", "Brilliant Pebbles __knowledge__ Brilliant Pebbles was a ballistic missile defense (BMD) system proposed by Lowell Wood and Edward Teller of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 1987 near the end of Cold War.", "Brilliant Pebbles __knowledge__ It consisted of thousands of small missiles, not unlike conventional air-to-air missiles, which would be placed in orbits so that hundreds would be above the Soviet Union at any given time.", "Brilliant Pebbles __knowledge__ In the event the Soviet Union launched its ICBM fleet, the pebbles would detect their rocket motors using infrared seekers and collide with them.", "Brilliant Pebbles __knowledge__ Because the pebble strikes the ICBM before the latter could release any multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) warheads, each pebble could destroy multiple warheads in a single shot.", "Frank Kendall III __knowledge__ Frank Kendall III (born January 26, 1949) is an American lawyer serving under President Barack Obama and Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter as the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics.", "Frank Kendall III __knowledge__ Kendall is a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point.", "Frank Kendall III __knowledge__ Commissioned in the US Army, he served in Germany during the 1970s before transferring to the Army Reserve, during which time he also lectured at the West Point.", "Frank Kendall III __knowledge__ He resigned commission as a lieutenant colonel.", "Frank Kendall III __knowledge__ He also holds a Master's degree in aeronautical engineering from California Institute of Technology, a Master of Business Administration degree (MBA) from C.W Post Center of Long Island University and a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Yep Roc Records is an American independent record label based in Hillsborough, North Carolina, and owned by Redeye Distribution.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Since 1997, the label has released albums from North Carolina and international artists, including Aoife O'Donovan, Chatham County Line, Dave Alvin, Gang of Four, Los Straitjackets, Nick Lowe, Paul Weller, Robyn Hitchcock, Ryan Adams, The Apples in Stereo, The Reverend Horton Heat, Mandolin Orange, and Tift Merritt.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Tor Hansen started the label in 1997, two years after moving to North Carolina to help manage a chain of record stores in the South.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ In and around the musical hotbed of Chapel Hill, he encountered bands making good music but not really knowing how to get it out.", "World War III __knowledge__ World War III (WWIII or WW3) and the Third World War are names given to a hypothetical third worldwide large-scale military conflict subsequent to World War I and World War II.", "World War III __knowledge__ The term has been in use since at least as early as 1941.", "World War III __knowledge__ Some have applied it loosely to refer to limited or smaller conflicts such as the Cold War or the War on Terror, while others have operated under the assumption that such a conflict would surpass both prior World Wars in both the level of its widespread scope and of its overall destructive impact.", "World War III __knowledge__ Because of the development and use of nuclear weapons near the end of World War II and their subsequent acquisition and deployment by many countries, the potential risk of a nuclear devastation of Earth's civilization and life is a common theme in speculations of a Third World War." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 5, 1 ]

[ "Yea the navy or maritime force isnt much up for discussion or popularity even though sea based war is so big", "Yep the navy is a branch of the armed forces and used for naval battle but isnt much of a thing", "The entire strategic point of the navy is to protect the borders and shores of a country", "Yep the strategic defense of the navy is a big part of it", "Yea though the navy or maritime force is not of much interest to me" ]

[ "Navy", "Navy", "Navy", "Navy", "Navy" ]

[ "New York City", "I have never been there but im really hoping i can go next year, what are some interesting things about NYC?", "interesting what should i visit while over there is there any cool tourist sites?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Steve Davis, (born 22 August 1957) is an English retired professional snooker player from Plumstead, London.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Known for dominating the sport during the 1980s, when he won the World Championship six times and was ranked world number one for seven consecutive seasons, he is remembered particularly for contesting the 1985 World Championship final with Dennis Taylor, the black-ball conclusion of which attracted a record 18.5 million British viewers.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ He is a well known public figure and is generally viewed by his peers as one of the greatest players of all time.", "Steve Davis __knowledge__ Until his retirement in 2016, Davis combined his ongoing playing career with his role as a television analyst and commentator for the BBC's snooker coverage, alongside being a DJ of electronic music on local radio station Phoenix FM and at the Bloc Weekend music festival.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "I Love Money (season 4) __knowledge__ I Love Money 4 or I Love Money (season 4) is the fourth season of the VH1 reality television series \"I Love Money\", created by \"Surreal Life\" executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin.", "I Love Money (season 4) __knowledge__ The fourth season's 18 contestants were drawn from \"I Love New York\", \"Rock of Love\", \"Real Chance of Love\", \"Daisy of Love\", \"Megan Wants a Millionaire\", and \"For the Love of Ray J\" to compete in physical and mental challenges, aiming for a $250,000 grand prize.", "I Love Money (season 4) __knowledge__ Production began in late August 2009 and wrapped September 2009, and premiered on 16 September 2010.", "I Love Money (season 4) __knowledge__ The show was reportedly edited in order to focus on the competitions, as VH1 noted they \"had a new programming filter in place\" in the wake of the Ryan Jenkins off-camera tragedy.", "List of Lorien Legacies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the \"Lorien Legacies\" series of young adult science fiction books, written under the pseudonym Pittacus Lore.", "List of Lorien Legacies characters __knowledge__ The Elders were 10 Loric Garde that acted as the protectors and/or politicians of Lorien who had discovered the Phoenix stones, they rewarded Lorien with legacies and chimæra.", "List of Lorien Legacies characters __knowledge__ Originally there were ten Lorien Elders, but due to the Secret Wars; the conflict between the Loric and the Mogadorians, the tenth Elder had supposedly died during this time.", "List of Lorien Legacies characters __knowledge__ There was a prophecy which said that an unknown evil that will destroy and take Lorien by surprise.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ Camp Confidential is a US book series for preteens written by Melissa J. Morgan.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ It focuses around a group of girls at Camp Lakeview (Later Camp Walla Walla).", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ There are 25 books in this series so far.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ The series is also sold in the UK under the name Summer Camp Secrets published by Usborne Publishing.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ Natalie Goode- Natalie lives in New York City and is a city girl, so when she finds out she has to go to Camp Lakeview, she isn't happy about the idea.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ But eventually she learns to love it and loves all the girls in her bunk and decides to come back for the second summer.", "Camp Confidential __knowledge__ She is the daughter of Tad Maxwell, a famous movie star.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ Robert Jacob Sugden is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera \"Emmerdale\".", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ The character originally appeared on the show regularly between 22 April 1986 and 3 October 2005.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ During that time he was first played as a baby by Richard Smith from 1986 and 1989 before the role was taken over by Christopher Smith from 1989 and 2001.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ In 2001, Karl Davies took over the role in order for the character to become involved in more adult storylines, as he grew older.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ Karl Davies briefly reprised his role as Robert for one episode airing on 10 February 2009, when he returned for the funeral of his father and longest running character Jack Sugden (Clive Hornby).", "WWYY __knowledge__ WWYY is a United States class A radio station broadcasting on 107.1 FM.", "WWYY __knowledge__ The station is located in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, but is licensed to Belvidere, New Jersey and serves the Poconos and the Lehigh Valley.", "WWYY __knowledge__ The station is currently owned by Connoisseur Media, through licensee Connoisseur Media Licenses, LLC.", "WWYY __knowledge__ The station now airs an alternative rock format and is known as \"Spin Radio\" Its tagline is: \"The Valley's Alternative.\"", "WWYY __knowledge__ On October 15, 1992, WWYY began operation as WRNJ-FM under the co-ownership of Norman Worth and Larry Tighe, who still retain the callsignal WRNJ (formerly on 1000 kHz, now on 1510 kHz).", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ WYNY was the call sign of radio stations on three different FM frequencies in or around New York City.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ The stations on the first two frequencies, 97.1 and 103.5, were closely related while the last one, 107.1 on an FM Quadcast, was not.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ The WYNY call letters are popularly associated with country music radio stations in New York, although for the first ten years WYNY was an adult contemporary station.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ This frequency had been WNBC-FM for many years.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ For several years in the 1970s the station used the call letters, WNWS, and served as the flagship station of NBC Radio's all-news, News and Information Service.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ \"Big City Rodeo\" (stylized as \"BIG CITY RODEO\") is a song by Japanese boy band Generations from Exile Tribe, taken from their first greatest hits compilation \"Best Generations\" (2018).", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ It was released by Rhythm Zone on two physical formats, and for digital consumption.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ The track was written by Amon Hayashi, composed by musicians Jay'ed and T.Kura, and produced by Exile Hiro and T.Kura.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ Recording of the song was held at Prime Sound Studios in Shibuya, Tokyo, and was mixed by D.O.I.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ at Daimonion Recordings.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ Musically, \"Big City Rodeo\" is a dance number that is heavily influenced by electro house music, and lyrically focuses on a high lifestyle and luxury.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The culture of New York City is reflected in its size and ethnic diversity.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ Many American cultural movements first emerged in the city.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The Harlem Renaissance established the African-American renaissance in the United States.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ Large numbers of Italian Americans and Jews emigrated to New York throughout the twentieth century, significantly influencing the culture and image of New York City.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ American modern dance developed in New York in the early 20th century.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The city was the top venue for jazz in the 1940s, expressionism in the 1950s and home to hip hop, punk rock, and the Beat Generation.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York is an important center for music, film, theater, dance and visual art.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Big City Rock was a pop rock band based in Los Angeles, California who were signed to Atlantic Records.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Their music type is self-described as \"energetic, anthemic pop\" with \"an uplifting sound\", with keyboards, guitar, and drums.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Due to shifts in the band's membership, the remaining members of the group created a new band called The Remainers.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Tim Resudek, Frank Staniszewski, Jeff Conrad and Nate Bott, who grew up together in Madison, Wisconsin started a ska-punk band in eighth grade named Stinkfish.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Bott, Conrad and Staniszewski later started another band, The Siren Six!, when they moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg __knowledge__ Michael Bloomberg served as the 108th Mayor of New York City from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2013.", "Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg __knowledge__ He first won election in 2001, and he won re-election in 2005 and 2009.", "Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg __knowledge__ Bloomberg said he wanted reforming public education to be the legacy of his first term and addressing poverty to be the legacy of his second.", "Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg __knowledge__ He was known as a political pragmatist and for a managerial style that reflected his experience in the private sector.", "Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg __knowledge__ Bloomberg chose to apply a statistical, results-based approach to city management, appointing city commissioners based on their expertise and granting them wide autonomy in their decision-making." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Tourism in Ghana __knowledge__ Tourism in Ghana is regulated by the Ministry of Tourism of Ghana, the Government of Ghana ministry is responsible for the development and promotion of tourism related activities in Ghana.", "Tourism in Ghana __knowledge__ There are 10 different regions in Ghana for tourism.", "Tourism in Ghana __knowledge__ These regions include: Eastern Region, Upper East Region, Volta Region, Greater Accra Region, Northern Region, Ashanti Region, Brong Ahafo Region, Upper West Region, Central Region and Western Region.", "Tourism in Ghana __knowledge__ Eastern Region: The Eastern Region is known for its nature and culture.", "Tourism in Ghana __knowledge__ This area contains Lake Volta, \"one of the world's largest man-made lakes\" .", "Tourism in Ghana __knowledge__ The area is also known for Akosombo Dam, which is Ghana's main hydroelectric power.", "100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria __knowledge__ 100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria is a Bulgarian national movement established in 1966 to promote tourism among Bulgaria's most significant cultural, historic, and natural landmarks.", "100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria __knowledge__ As part of this program, sites of cultural and historical significance have been selected, ranging from historic places and monuments to archaeological and architectural sanctuaries, museums, monasteries, as well as national parks, mountain peaks and other geological phenomena.", "100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria __knowledge__ Each of the chosen landmarks has its own individual seal, which is stamped onto pages of an official passport-like booklet issued by the Bulgarian Tourist Union (BTU).", "Tourism in Mexico __knowledge__ Tourism in Mexico is a huge industry.", "Tourism in Mexico __knowledge__ Since the 1960s it has been heavily promoted by the Mexican government, as \"an industry without smokestacks.\"", "Tourism in Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico has traditionally been among the most visited countries in the world according to the World Tourism Organization, and it is the second-most visited country in the Americas, after the United States.", "Tourism in Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico has a significant number of UNESCO World Heritage sites with the list including ancient ruins, colonial cities, and natural reserves, as well as a number of works of modern public and private architecture.", "Tourism in Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico has attracted foreign visitors beginning in the early nineteenth century, cultural festivals, colonial cities, nature reserves and the beach resorts.", "Tourism in Chile __knowledge__ Since the mid-1990s, tourism in Chile has become one of the main sources of income for the country, especially in its most extreme areas.", "Tourism in Chile __knowledge__ In 2005 this sector grew by 13.6%, generating more than US$500 million, equivalent to 1.33% of national GDP.", "Tourism in Chile __knowledge__ According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), Chile was the eighth most popular destination for foreign tourists within the Americas in 2010, after the USA, Mexico, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico.", "Tourism in Chile __knowledge__ That year 2,766,000 tourists entered the country, generating a revenue of US$1,636 million.", "Tourism in Chile __knowledge__ The majority of these visitors came from American countries, mainly Argentina; however, the biggest growth in recent years has been in visitors from Europe, especially Germany.", "King Kalākaua's world tour __knowledge__ The 1881 world tour of King Kalākaua of the Kingdom of Hawaii was his attempt to save the Hawaiian culture and population from extinction through the importation of a labor force from Asia-Pacific nations.", "King Kalākaua's world tour __knowledge__ His efforts brought the small island nation to the attention of world leaders, but sparked rumors that the kingdom was for sale.", "King Kalākaua's world tour __knowledge__ In Hawaii there were critics who believed the labor negotiations were just his excuse to see the world.", "King Kalākaua's world tour __knowledge__ The 281-day trip gave him the distinction of being the first monarch to circumnavigate the globe, just as his 1874 travels had made him the first reigning monarch to visit America and the first honoree of a state dinner at the White House.", "Rural tourism __knowledge__ Rural tourism focuses on actively participating in a rural lifestyle.", "Rural tourism __knowledge__ It can be a variant of ecotourism.", "Rural tourism __knowledge__ Many rural villages can facilitate tourism because many villagers are hospitable and eager to welcome (and sometime even host) visitors.", "Rural tourism __knowledge__ Agriculture is becoming highly mechanized and therefore, requires less manual labor.", "Rural tourism __knowledge__ This trend is causing economic pressure on some villages, which in turn causes young people to move to urban areas.", "Rural tourism __knowledge__ There is however, a segment of the urban population that is interested in visiting the rural areas and understanding the lifestyle.", "Rural tourism __knowledge__ Rural tourism allows the creation of a replacement source of income in the non-agricultural sector for rural dwellers.", "Tourism in Pakistan __knowledge__ Tourism in Pakistan is a growing industry.", "Tourism in Pakistan __knowledge__ In 2010, Lonely Planet termed Pakistan as being \"\"...tourism's ‘next big thing’ for more years than we care to remember.", "Tourism in Pakistan __knowledge__ [But] world media headlines [always] send things off the rails\"\".", "Tourism in Pakistan __knowledge__ This geographically and ethnically diverse country has much to offer; from natural beauty, historical heritage to cultural diversity.", "Tourism in Pakistan __knowledge__ According to the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 released by the World Economic Forum, the direct contribution of travel and tourism to Pakistan's GDP in 2015 was US$ 328.3 million, constituting 2.8% of the total GDP.", "Tourism in Pakistan __knowledge__ By 2025, the government predicts tourism will contribute to the Pakistani economy.", "Frankfurt __knowledge__ Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (\"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.", "Frankfurt __knowledge__ Frankfurt was a city state, the Free City of Frankfurt, for nearly five centuries, and was one of the most important cities of the Holy Roman Empire; it lost its sovereignty in 1866.", "Frankfurt __knowledge__ In 2015, Frankfurt has a population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3 million in its urban area.", "Frankfurt __knowledge__ The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5 million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ Metropolitan Manila () is the seat of government and one of the three defined metropolitan areas of the Philippines.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ It is officially known as the National Capital Region (NCR), and was commonly known as Metro Manila or simply Manila.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ It is made up of the City of Manila, the Philippine capital city, Quezon City, the country's most populous city and former capital, and the cities of Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, San Juan, Taguig, Valenzuela and the municipality of Pateros.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ NCR encompasses an area of and has a population of , making it the most densely populated region of the country.", "Study of global communication __knowledge__ Global communication is the term used to describe ways to connect, share, relate and mobilize across geographic, political, economic, social and cultural divides.", "Study of global communication __knowledge__ It redefines soft and hard power as well as information power and diplomacy in ways not considered by traditional theories of international relations.", "Study of global communication __knowledge__ Global Communication implies a transfer of knowledge and ideas from centers of power to peripheries and the imposition of a new intercultural hegemony by means of the \"soft power\" of global news and entertainment.", "Study of global communication __knowledge__ The study of global communication is an interdisciplinary field that studies the continuous flows of information used in transferring values, opinions, knowledge, culture across boundaries.", "Jakarta __knowledge__ Jakarta (, ), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom.", "Jakarta __knowledge__ Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the centre of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 .", "Jakarta __knowledge__ Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest urban agglomeration and 2nd largest city area in the world after Tokyo, with a population of 30,214,303 inhabitants census.", "Seoul __knowledge__ Seoul (; 서울; ), officially the Seoul Special Metropolitan City – is the capital and largest metropolis of the Republic of Korea (commonly known as South Korea).", "Seoul __knowledge__ As the 4th most economically powerful city in the world, measured by GDP, Seoul is one of Asia's major centers of culture, entertainment, and research, with additional strengths in the arts, commerce, education, finance, media, services, and tourism.", "Seoul __knowledge__ Seoul forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area, the 5th most populous in the world, which is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations and includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province, altogether home to roughly half of the country's population." ] ]

[ 0, 4, 6 ]

[ "Hi there, I live in the big city of New York City, have you been there before?", "Well it's known to be a global power city, described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world. It leaves a very important impression on the world.", "It depends on what you're into, my personal favorite place in NYC is the United Nations headquarters because I hold the UN near and dear to my heart. They are the center for international diplomacy and are based in NYC." ]

[ "New York City", "New York City", "New York City" ]

[ "National Hockey League\nMy boyfriend wants me to go to an NHL game with him in Toronto - I don't even know much about hockey, but I guess I'll go", "He's a big Leafs fan - I do know enough about the sport to know he's probably in for another year of disappointment LOL", "Wow, that's a lot of teams! My boyfriend told me that at one time there were only six teams - there's been a lot of expansion!", "Only four? That wasn't much variety of opposing teams! When did it expand into the U.S.?", "And somehow they ended up with more teams than Canada - something's wrong with that picture! LOL " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL; ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League was organized on November 26, 1917, in Montreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL immediately took the NHA's place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and folds left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, thus the adjective \"National\" in the league's name.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Wayne Douglas Gretzky (; born January 26, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and former head coach.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ He played twenty seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for four teams from 1979 to 1999.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"The Great One\", he has been called \"the greatest hockey player ever\" by many sportswriters, players, and the league itself.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Gretzky is the leading scorer in NHL history, with more goals and assists than any other player.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ He garnered more assists than any other player scored total points, and is the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season – a feat he accomplished four times.", "Summit Series __knowledge__ The Summit Series, or Super Series (in Russian \"Суперсерия СССР — Канада\"; \"Superseriya SSSR — Canada\"), known at the time simply as the Canada–USSR Series, was an eight-game series of ice hockey between the Soviet Union and Canada, held in September 1972.", "Summit Series __knowledge__ It was the first competition between the Soviet national team and a Canadian team represented by professional players of the National Hockey League (NHL), known as \"Team Canada\".", "Summit Series __knowledge__ It was the first international ice hockey competition for Canada after Canada had withdrawn from international ice hockey competitions in a dispute with the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).", "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey) __knowledge__ Theodore Samuel \"Teeder\" Kennedy (December 12, 1925 – August 14, 2009) was a professional ice hockey centre who played his entire career with the Toronto Maple Leafs from 1943 to 1957 and was captain for eight seasons.", "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey) __knowledge__ Along with Turk Broda, he was the first player in NHL history to win five Stanley Cups, and he was the last Maple Leaf to win the Hart Trophy for most valuable player.", "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey) __knowledge__ He was an essential contributor to the Maple Leafs becoming what many consider as the National Hockey League's first dynasty.", "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey) __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1966.", "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey) __knowledge__ He has been called the quintessential Maple Leaf and by some the greatest player in the team's history.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "History of the National Hockey League on United States television __knowledge__ The National Hockey League has never fared as well on American television in comparison to the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, or the National Football League, although that has begun to change, with NBC's broadcasts of the final games of the 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013 Stanley Cup Finals scoring some of the best ratings ever enjoyed by the sport on American television.", "History of the National Hockey League on United States television __knowledge__ In fact, hockey broadcasting on a national scale was spotty prior to 1981; NBC and CBS held rights at various times, each network carrying weekend-afternoon games during the second half of the regular season and the playoffs, along with some (but not all) of the Stanley Cup Finals.", "Sidney Crosby __knowledge__ Sidney Patrick Crosby, (born August 7, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player, who serves as captain of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sidney Crosby __knowledge__ After an exceptional minor and junior career, Crosby was one of the most highly regarded draft picks in hockey history, leading many to refer to the 2005 Draft Lottery as the \"Sidney Crosby Sweepstakes\".", "Sidney Crosby __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"Sid the Kid\" and \"The Next One\", he was selected first overall by the Penguins.", "Sidney Crosby __knowledge__ In his first NHL season, Crosby recorded 102 points and was a runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy.", "Sidney Crosby __knowledge__ By his second season, he led the NHL with 120 points to capture the Art Ross Trophy, becoming the youngest player and the only teenager to win a scoring title in any major North American sports league." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL; ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League was organized on November 26, 1917, in Montreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL immediately took the NHA's place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and folds left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, thus the adjective \"National\" in the league's name.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams.", "Toronto Maple Leafs __knowledge__ The Toronto Maple Leafs (officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club) are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto, Ontario.", "Toronto Maple Leafs __knowledge__ They are members of the National Hockey League's Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference.", "Toronto Maple Leafs __knowledge__ The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum.", "Toronto Maple Leafs __knowledge__ With an estimated worth of US $1.4 billion in 2017 according to \"Forbes\", the Maple Leafs are the second most valuable franchise in the NHL, after the New York Rangers.", "Toronto Maple Leafs __knowledge__ The Maple Leafs' broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communication.", "Toronto Maple Leafs __knowledge__ For their first 14 seasons, the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena, before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931.", "Helsinki commuter rail __knowledge__ Helsinki commuter rail (, , literal translation \"Local traffic of the capital region\") is the commuter rail system serving Greater Helsinki, Finland.", "Helsinki commuter rail __knowledge__ The network is part of the HSL network, and is operated by VR, the Finnish state-owned national railway company.", "Helsinki commuter rail __knowledge__ Together with the Helsinki Metro, buses, and trams, the network forms the heart of Helsinki's public transportation infrastructure.", "Helsinki commuter rail __knowledge__ Trains run primarily above ground in the Helsinki metropolitan area.", "Helsinki commuter rail __knowledge__ Within the municipalities of Espoo, Helsinki, Kauniainen, Kerava, Kirkkonummi, and Vantaa, the system uses tickets that are interchangeable with the bus, metro, and tram networks managed by HSL.", "Kirkkonummi __knowledge__ Kirkkonummi (, , ) is a municipality of inhabitants () in southern Finland.", "Kirkkonummi __knowledge__ The literal meaning of the words \"Kirkkonummi\" and \"Kyrkslätt\" in English is \"church heath\".", "Kirkkonummi __knowledge__ The municipality is located just outside the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, bordering the city of Espoo in the east.", "Kirkkonummi __knowledge__ Other neighbouring municipalities are Vihti and Siuntio.", "Kirkkonummi __knowledge__ The distance from the municipal centre to central Helsinki is some .", "Kirkkonummi __knowledge__ Kirkkonummi also has excellent train and bus connections to other parts of the Greater Helsinki area, and many of its inhabitants commute daily to Helsinki.", "Kirkkonummi __knowledge__ The municipality covers an area of of which is water.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey) __knowledge__ Theodore Samuel \"Teeder\" Kennedy (December 12, 1925 – August 14, 2009) was a professional ice hockey centre who played his entire career with the Toronto Maple Leafs from 1943 to 1957 and was captain for eight seasons.", "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey) __knowledge__ Along with Turk Broda, he was the first player in NHL history to win five Stanley Cups, and he was the last Maple Leaf to win the Hart Trophy for most valuable player.", "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey) __knowledge__ He was an essential contributor to the Maple Leafs becoming what many consider as the National Hockey League's first dynasty.", "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey) __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1966.", "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey) __knowledge__ He has been called the quintessential Maple Leaf and by some the greatest player in the team's history.", "Leafs Nation Network __knowledge__ Leafs Nation Network (formerly Leafs TV) is a Canadian English language Category B regional specialty channel owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. Leafs Nation Network broadcasts programming related to the Toronto Maple Leafs National Hockey League club and its American Hockey League affiliate, the Toronto Marlies.", "Leafs Nation Network __knowledge__ Leafs Nation Network is only available within the Maple Leafs' \"home market\" of Ontario, excluding the Ottawa Valley (which is in the home market of the Ottawa Senators).", "Leafs Nation Network __knowledge__ In November 2000, MLSE (Maple Leaf Sports and Entertainment), was granted approval by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television channel called \"Maple Leaf Channel\", described as \"a regional English-language Category 2 specialty television service devoted to the Toronto Maple Leafs.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada are the highest professional competitions of team sports in those countries.", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The four leagues universally included in the definition are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ Other prominent leagues include Major League Soccer (MLS) and the Canadian Football League (CFL).", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The MLB, NBA, NFL and NHL are commonly referred to as the \"Big 4\".", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ Each of these is the wealthiest professional club competition in its sport worldwide, and along with the English Premier League they make up the top five sports leagues by revenue in the world.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has been home to many teams and events in professional, semi-professional, amateur, college, and high-school sports.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Sports are a huge part of the culture of the city and the Greater Philadelphia area.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia sports fans are considered to be some of the most knowledgeable fans in sports, and are known for their extreme passion for all of their teams.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia fans are also known for their reputation of being the \"Meanest Fans in America\".", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia is one of twelve cities that hosts teams in all four major sports leagues in North America, and Philadelphia is one of just three cities in which one team from every league plays within city limits.", "Sports in North America __knowledge__ There is a wide variety of organized sports in the continent of North America.", "Sports in North America __knowledge__ The continent is the birthplace of several of these organized sports, such as basketball, gridiron football (including both American and Canadian games), ice hockey, lacrosse, racquetball, rodeo, ultimate, and volleyball.", "Sports in North America __knowledge__ The modern versions of baseball and softball, skateboarding, snowboarding, stock car racing, and surfing also developed in North America.", "Sports in North America __knowledge__ Sports leagues in Canada and the United States use a closed, franchise model which has the same teams playing every year, with occasional additions of expansion teams or relocations of existing teams.", "Professional sports leagues in the United States __knowledge__ Professional sports leagues in the United States include several major leagues as well as other professional and semi-professional leagues.", "Professional sports leagues in the United States __knowledge__ The major sports leagues tend to have the greatest fan interest, have national TV contracts, draw high fan attendance, and have teams located throughout the largest metropolitan areas in the United States.", "Professional sports leagues in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Baseball is the highest level of play of baseball in North America.", "Professional sports leagues in the United States __knowledge__ It consists of the National League (founded in 1876) and the American League (founded in 1901).", "Professional sports leagues in the United States __knowledge__ Cooperation between the two leagues began in 1903, and the two merged on an organizational level in 2000 with the elimination of separate league offices; they have shared a single Commissioner since 1920." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL; ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League was organized on November 26, 1917, in Montreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL immediately took the NHA's place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and folds left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, thus the adjective \"National\" in the league's name.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams.", "Original Six __knowledge__ The Original Six is the group of six teams that made up the National Hockey League (NHL) for the 25 seasons between the 1942–43 season and the 1967 NHL expansion.", "Original Six __knowledge__ These six teams are the Boston Bruins, Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers, and the Toronto Maple Leafs, all of which are still active franchises in the league.", "Original Six __knowledge__ Of the Original Six, only the Toronto Maple Leafs have not advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals since the expansion, while the other five have appeared in at least three Finals since 1967 and have each won a championship at least once during the most recent 25 seasons (Toronto last won the Stanley Cup during the 1966–67 season when a team only had to win two rounds to secure the title).", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Playoffs __knowledge__ The playoffs, play-offs, postseason and/or finals of a sports league are a competition played after the regular season by the top competitors to determine the league champion or a similar accolade.", "Playoffs __knowledge__ Depending on the league, the playoffs may be either a single game, a series of games, or a tournament, and may use a single-elimination system or one of several other different playoff formats.", "Playoffs __knowledge__ Playoff, in regard to international fixtures, is to qualify or progress to the next round of a competition or tournament.", "Playoffs __knowledge__ In team sports in the U.S. and Canada, the vast distances and consequent burdens on cross-country travel have led to regional divisions of teams.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "Double (association football) __knowledge__ The Double, in association football, is the achievement of winning a country's top tier division and its primary cup competition in the same season.", "Double (association football) __knowledge__ The lists in this article examine this definition of a double, while derivative sections examine much less frequent, continental instances.", "Double (association football) __knowledge__ \"The Double\" can also mean beating a team both home and away in the same league season, a feat often noted as \"doing the double\" over a particular opponent.", "Double (association football) __knowledge__ The first club to achieve a double was Preston North End in 1889, winning the FA Cup and The Football League in the inaugural season of the league.", "Double (association football) __knowledge__ The team who holds the record for the most doubles is Linfield of Northern Ireland, with a total of 24.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada are the highest professional competitions of team sports in those countries.", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The four leagues universally included in the definition are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ Other prominent leagues include Major League Soccer (MLS) and the Canadian Football League (CFL).", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The MLB, NBA, NFL and NHL are commonly referred to as the \"Big 4\".", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ Each of these is the wealthiest professional club competition in its sport worldwide, and along with the English Premier League they make up the top five sports leagues by revenue in the world.", "Professional sports leagues in the United States __knowledge__ Professional sports leagues in the United States include several major leagues as well as other professional and semi-professional leagues.", "Professional sports leagues in the United States __knowledge__ The major sports leagues tend to have the greatest fan interest, have national TV contracts, draw high fan attendance, and have teams located throughout the largest metropolitan areas in the United States.", "Professional sports leagues in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Baseball is the highest level of play of baseball in North America.", "Professional sports leagues in the United States __knowledge__ It consists of the National League (founded in 1876) and the American League (founded in 1901).", "Professional sports leagues in the United States __knowledge__ Cooperation between the two leagues began in 1903, and the two merged on an organizational level in 2000 with the elimination of separate league offices; they have shared a single Commissioner since 1920.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ Ice hockey, usually referred to in the U.S. simply as \"hockey\", is a popular sport in the United States.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ In the U.S. the game is most popular in regions of the country with a cold winter climate, namely the northeast and the upper Midwest.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ However, since the 1990s, hockey has become increasingly popular in the Sun Belt due in large part to the expansion of the National Hockey League to the southeast and southwest U.S., coupled with the mass relocation of many residents from northern cities with strong hockey support to these Sun Belt locations.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3, 1875.", "United States ice hockey structure __knowledge__ The United States ice hockey structure includes elements from traditional American scholastic high school and college athletics, affiliated and independent minor leagues, and the unique \"Major Junior\" leagues.", "United States ice hockey structure __knowledge__ The hierarchy of the ice hockey league system forms a pyramid with a large number of regional minor and development leagues making up the base of the pyramid and a linear progression through the professional minor leagues leading to the National Hockey League at the top of the pyramid.", "United States ice hockey structure __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL) is widely considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world with top players from multiple countries participating in the league.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The Ottawa Senators were an ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a founding member of the National Hockey League (NHL) and played in the NHL from 1917 until 1934.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club (Ottawa HC), was known by several nicknames, including the \"Generals\" in the 1890s, the \"Silver Seven\" from 1903 to 1907 and the \"Senators\" dating from 1908.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ Generally acknowledged by hockey historians as one of the greatest teams of the early days of the sport, the club won numerous championships, starting with the 1891 to 1893 Ontario championships." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL; ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League was organized on November 26, 1917, in Montreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL immediately took the NHA's place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and folds left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, thus the adjective \"National\" in the league's name.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams.", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "American football rules __knowledge__ Game play in American football consists of a series of \"downs\", individual plays of short duration, outside of which the ball is \"dead\" or not in play.", "American football rules __knowledge__ These can be plays from scrimmage – passes, runs, punts, or field goal attempts (from either a place kick or a drop kick) – or free kicks such as kickoffs and fair catch kicks.", "American football rules __knowledge__ Substitutions can be made between downs, which allows for a great deal of specialization as coaches choose the players best suited for each particular situation.", "American football rules __knowledge__ During a play, each team should have no more than 11 players on the field, and each of them has specific tasks assigned for that specific play.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Baseball and cricket are the best-known members of a family of related bat-and-ball games.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Despite their similarities, the two sports also have many differences in play and in strategy.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ A comparison between baseball and cricket can be instructive to followers of either sport, since the similarities help to highlight nuances particular to each game.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ Bat-and-ball games, in general, are sports in which one team (the fielding team) has possession of the ball and delivers it to a member of the other team (the batting team), who tries to hit it.", "Comparison of baseball and cricket __knowledge__ The two opposing teams take turns playing these two distinct roles, which are continuous during a specified interval.", "Caps (drinking game) __knowledge__ Caps is a drinking game.", "Caps (drinking game) __knowledge__ It involves throwing bottle caps into 16oz-25oz beer mugs (North America, North Europe, and Argentina), or at another other bottle with a cap balanced on open beer bottles upside down (France).", "Caps (drinking game) __knowledge__ Four players split into two teams seated 8 to 16 feet apart (butts behind the cup), with a beer mug filled with beer placed between both players.", "Caps (drinking game) __knowledge__ Each side take turns throwing 1 cap each into their opponents' mug.", "Caps (drinking game) __knowledge__ Each time a team makes a shot, the other team gets a chance to \"top it\" or \"match the shot\" (rebuttal) by making a shot.", "Caps (drinking game) __knowledge__ If no cancel is made, the team that made the original shot or last top gets the points while the other team must drink a full beer between them.", "Ryan Kesler __knowledge__ Ryan James Kesler (born August 31, 1984) is an American professional ice hockey center and an alternate captain for the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League.", "Ryan Kesler __knowledge__ Selected in the first round, 23rd overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft, Kesler had spent the first ten years of his NHL career with the Canucks.", "Ryan Kesler __knowledge__ He was traded to the Anaheim Ducks on June 27, 2014.", "Ryan Kesler __knowledge__ He is best known for being a two-way forward, winning the Selke Trophy in 2011 after having finished as a finalist the previous two years, as well as for his agitating style of play.", "Ryan Kesler __knowledge__ Kesler played junior hockey with the U.S. National Team Development Program from which he then accepted a scholarship to play college hockey with the Ohio State Buckeyes of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA).", "2007 New England Patriots videotaping controversy __knowledge__ The 2007 New England Patriots videotaping controversy, widely dubbed \"Spygate\", refers to an incident during the National Football League's (NFL) 2007 season when the New England Patriots were disciplined by the league for videotaping New York Jets' defensive coaches' signals from an unauthorized location during a September 9, 2007 game.", "2007 New England Patriots videotaping controversy __knowledge__ Videotaping opposing coaches is not illegal in the NFL de jure, but there are designated areas allowed by the league to do such taping.", "2007 New England Patriots videotaping controversy __knowledge__ Because the Patriots were instead videotaping the Jets' coaches from their own sideline during the game, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell deemed it to be in violation of league rules, stating that the act represented a calculated and deliberate attempt to avoid long-standing rules designed to encourage fair play and promote honest competition on the playing field.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Playoff format __knowledge__ There are a number of formats used in various levels of competition in sports and games to determine an overall champion.", "Playoff format __knowledge__ Some of the most common are the \"single elimination\", the \"best-of-\" series, the \"total points series\", and the \"round-robin tournament\".", "Playoff format __knowledge__ A Single elimination (\"knockout\") playoff pits the participants in one-game matches, with the loser being dropped from the competition.", "Playoff format __knowledge__ Single elimination tournaments are much more common in individual sports like tennis.", "Playoff format __knowledge__ In most tennis tournaments, the players are seeded against each other, and the winner of each match continues to the next round, all the way to the final.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ However, the advent of the state-sponsored \"full-time amateur athlete\" of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis.", "History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL) was founded in 1917 following the demise of its predecessor league, the National Hockey Association (NHA).", "History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) __knowledge__ In an effort to remove Eddie Livingstone as owner of the Toronto Blueshirts, a majority of the NHA franchises (the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators and Quebec Bulldogs) suspended the NHA and formed the new NHL.", "History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) __knowledge__ Quebec, while a member, did not operate in the NHL for the first two years.", "History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) __knowledge__ Instead the owners of the Toronto Arena Gardens operated a new Toronto franchise.", "History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) __knowledge__ While the NHL was intended as a temporary measure, the continuing dispute with Livingstone led to the four NHA owners meeting and making the suspension of the NHA permanent one year later.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The Ottawa Senators were an ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a founding member of the National Hockey League (NHL) and played in the NHL from 1917 until 1934.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club (Ottawa HC), was known by several nicknames, including the \"Generals\" in the 1890s, the \"Silver Seven\" from 1903 to 1907 and the \"Senators\" dating from 1908.", "Ottawa Senators (original) __knowledge__ Generally acknowledged by hockey historians as one of the greatest teams of the early days of the sport, the club won numerous championships, starting with the 1891 to 1893 Ontario championships.", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada are the highest professional competitions of team sports in those countries.", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The four leagues universally included in the definition are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ Other prominent leagues include Major League Soccer (MLS) and the Canadian Football League (CFL).", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The MLB, NBA, NFL and NHL are commonly referred to as the \"Big 4\".", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ Each of these is the wealthiest professional club competition in its sport worldwide, and along with the English Premier League they make up the top five sports leagues by revenue in the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL; ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League was organized on November 26, 1917, in Montreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL immediately took the NHA's place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and folds left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, thus the adjective \"National\" in the league's name.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ \"LOL Smiley Face\" (styled as \"LOL :-)\") is a song by American recording artist Trey Songz.", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ It features rappers Gucci Mane and Soulja Boy Tellem and serves as the second single from Songz' third studio album, \"Ready\".", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ The artists co-wrote the song with its producers Troy Taylor and Tony Scales.", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ \"LOL Smiley Face\" is an R&B song featuring bouncy, poppy synths, and lyrically refers to sexting and other electronic multimedia messaging.", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ The song was released as the second single from Songz's third album \"Ready\" on August 24, 2009.", "LOL Smiley Face __knowledge__ The song received generally positive reviews from critics, who noted its catchy melody.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "10cc __knowledge__ 10cc are an English rock band founded in Stockport who achieved their greatest commercial success in the 1970s.", "10cc __knowledge__ The band initially consisted of four musicians – Graham Gouldman, Eric Stewart, Kevin Godley, and Lol Creme – who had written and recorded together for some three years, before assuming the name \"10cc\" in 1972.", "10cc __knowledge__ 10cc featured two songwriting teams, one \"commercial\" and one \"artistic\".", "10cc __knowledge__ Stewart and Gouldman were predominantly pop-songwriters, who created most of the band's accessible songs.", "10cc __knowledge__ By way of contrast, Godley and Creme were the predominantly experimental half of 10cc, featuring an Art School sensibility and cinematically inspired writing.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Boston Bruins __knowledge__ The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston.", "Boston Bruins __knowledge__ They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Boston Bruins __knowledge__ The team has been in existence since 1924, and is the league's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States.", "Boston Bruins __knowledge__ It is also an Original Six franchise, along with the Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs.", "Boston Bruins __knowledge__ The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships, tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks (behind the Red Wings, who have 11).", "History of the National Hockey League __knowledge__ The history of the National Hockey League begins with the end of its predecessor league, the National Hockey Association (NHA), in 1917.", "History of the National Hockey League __knowledge__ After unsuccessfully attempting to resolve disputes with Eddie Livingstone, owner of the Toronto Blueshirts, executives of the three other NHA franchises suspended the NHA, and formed the National Hockey League (NHL), replacing the Livingstone team with a temporary team in Toronto, the Arenas.", "History of the National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL's first quarter-century saw the league compete against two rival major leagues—the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and Western Canada Hockey League—for players and the Stanley Cup.", "History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL) was founded in 1917 following the demise of its predecessor league, the National Hockey Association (NHA).", "History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) __knowledge__ In an effort to remove Eddie Livingstone as owner of the Toronto Blueshirts, a majority of the NHA franchises (the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators and Quebec Bulldogs) suspended the NHA and formed the new NHL.", "History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) __knowledge__ Quebec, while a member, did not operate in the NHL for the first two years.", "History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) __knowledge__ Instead the owners of the Toronto Arena Gardens operated a new Toronto franchise.", "History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) __knowledge__ While the NHL was intended as a temporary measure, the continuing dispute with Livingstone led to the four NHA owners meeting and making the suspension of the NHA permanent one year later.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ Ice hockey, usually referred to in the U.S. simply as \"hockey\", is a popular sport in the United States.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ In the U.S. the game is most popular in regions of the country with a cold winter climate, namely the northeast and the upper Midwest.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ However, since the 1990s, hockey has become increasingly popular in the Sun Belt due in large part to the expansion of the National Hockey League to the southeast and southwest U.S., coupled with the mass relocation of many residents from northern cities with strong hockey support to these Sun Belt locations.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3, 1875.", "Bobby Orr __knowledge__ Robert Gordon Orr, OC (born March 20, 1948) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest hockey players of all time.", "Bobby Orr __knowledge__ Orr used his ice skating speed, scoring, and play-making abilities to revolutionize the position of defenceman.", "Bobby Orr __knowledge__ He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 12 seasons, starting with 10 with the Boston Bruins followed by two with the Chicago Black Hawks.", "Bobby Orr __knowledge__ Orr remains the only defenceman to have won the league scoring title with two Art Ross Trophies.", "Bobby Orr __knowledge__ He holds the record for most points and assists in a single season by a defenceman." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 6, 7, 3 ]

[ "You should be excited. The National Hockey League is one of the major professional sports leagues in Canada and the US. It is also the premier ice hockey league out there.", "Well currently the National Hockey League consists of 31 teams. There are seven in Canada and the rest spread out through the United States. ", "As a matter of fact, the National Hockey League only consisted of four teams. They were all based out of Canada. That is also why it has the word \" National\" in it interestingly enough.", "The National Hockey League expanded in 1924 to the United States. The first American team to join was the Boston Bruins.", "Bigger country I guess. You should also know that the National Hockey League trophy is called the Stanley Cup and it is the oldest trophy in North America. Teams compete annually for it. " ]

[ "National Hockey League", "National Hockey League", "National Hockey League", "National Hockey League", "National Hockey League" ]

[ "Reading (process)\nhello, i like to read and wish I I had more time for it", "I think I need to be more efficient in my reading process", "interesting tell me more", "well sometimes my mind does not make sense of what i am reading and have to reread a lot to understand" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ , formerly simply and colloquially referred to as , is a Japanese female idol group, holding the second highest overall single sales (of a female group) on the Oricon charts as of February 2012, with the Oricon record of most top ten singles with an amount of 50, and they have sold over 21 million copies in Japan alone.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Morning Musume was formed in 1997 by rock singer-songwriter turned record producer Tsunku, who later composed the vast majority of the group's songs over the decade.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ They are the lead group of Hello!", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Project that specialises in upbeat, pop-oriented music coupled with dance performance.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ In 1997, Japanese rock group Sharam Q, fronted by Tsunku, began auditions for a female vocalist.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ These auditions aired via the reality show Asayan, and resulted in Michiyo Heike being crowned winner.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Tsunku, however, decided to give five of the runners-up, Yuko Nakazawa, Natsumi Abe, Kaori Iida, Asuka Fukuda and Aya Ishiguro, a chance to become a group in their own right.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls were set the task of selling 50,000 copies of their demo single \"Ai no Tane,\" in just five days.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls sold the required number of copies in four days, and subsequently became an official group.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Morning Musume's debut single, \"Morning Coffee,\" was released on January 28, 1998 on the One Up Music label and charted at #6 on the Oricon weekly chart.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ \"Hello, Goodbye\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ Backed by John Lennon's \"I Am the Walrus\", it was issued as a non-album single in November 1967, the group's first release since the death of their manager, Brian Epstein.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The single was commercially successful around the world, topping charts in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and several other countries.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ McCartney later said that the lyrics take duality as their theme.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The song originated when, in response to a question from Beatles aide Alistair Taylor about songwriting, McCartney sat down at a harmonium and asked Taylor to say the opposite of whatever he said.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a song by English singer Adele, released on 23 October 2015 by XL Recordings as the lead single from her third studio album, \"25\" (2015).", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Adele co-wrote the song with her producer, Greg Kurstin.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a piano ballad with soul influences, and lyrics that discuss themes of nostalgia and regret.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Upon release, the song was acclaimed by music critics, who compared it favourably to Adele's previous work and praised the song's lyrics and Adele's vocals while many critics and publications ranked it as one of the best songs of the year.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ It was recorded in London.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" reached number one in almost every country it charted in, including the United Kingdom, where it became her second UK number-one single, following \"Someone like You\", and has the largest opening week sales in three years.", "Hello Kitty Online __knowledge__ Hello Kitty Online (HKO) is a free-to-play massively multiplayer online role playing game developed by Sanrio Digital and Typhoon Games.", "Hello Kitty Online __knowledge__ The game is tied to the SanrioTown website, where players are required to register a free account.", "Hello Kitty Online __knowledge__ The game tells the story of a hero (the player) helping Hello Kitty and her friends wake up from eternal slumber and defeat a \"mysterious and malevolent power\".", "Hello Kitty Online __knowledge__ SanrioDigital hosted three phases of testing.", "Hello Kitty Online __knowledge__ The closed beta application was announced on February 13, 2008 running through February 21, 2008.", "Hello Kitty Online __knowledge__ More than 50,000 applications were submitted.", "Hello Kitty Online __knowledge__ Due to the limited number of testing accounts available, applicants were instructed to create a video explaining why the applicant should be chosen to participate in the closed beta test." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ Miscue analysis was originally developed by Ken Goodman for the purpose of understanding the reading process.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ It is a diagnostic tool that helps researchers/teachers gain insight into the reading process.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ The term \"miscue\" was initiated by Ken Goodman to describe an observed response in the reading process that does not match the expected response.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ Goodman uses the term \"miscue,\" rather than \"error\" or \"mistake\" to avoid value implications.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ He states that the departures from the text are not necessarily a negative aspect of the reading process but rather \"windows on the reading process\" (Goodman, 1969, p. 123).", "Eye movement in music reading __knowledge__ Eye movement in music reading is the scanning of a musical score by a musician's eyes.", "Eye movement in music reading __knowledge__ This usually occurs as the music is read during performance, although musicians sometimes scan music silently to study it.", "Eye movement in music reading __knowledge__ The phenomenon has been studied by researchers from a range of backgrounds, including cognitive psychology and music education.", "Eye movement in music reading __knowledge__ These studies have typically reflected a curiosity among performing musicians about a central process in their craft, and a hope that investigating eye movement might help in the development of more effective methods of training musicians' sight reading skills.", "Eye movement in music reading __knowledge__ A central aspect of music reading is the sequence of alternating saccades and fixations, as it is for most oculomotor tasks.", "Typography __knowledge__ Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed.", "Typography __knowledge__ The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing (leading), and letter-spacing (tracking), and adjusting the space between pairs of letters (kerning).", "Typography __knowledge__ The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process.", "Typography __knowledge__ Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers.", "Reader-response criticism __knowledge__ Reader-response criticism is a school of literary theory that focuses on the reader (or \"audience\") and their experience of a literary work, in contrast to other schools and theories that focus attention primarily on the author or the content and form of the work.", "Reader-response criticism __knowledge__ Although literary theory has long paid some attention to the reader's role in creating the meaning and experience of a literary work, modern reader-response criticism began in the 1960s and '70s, particularly in the US and Germany, in work by Norman Holland, Stanley Fish, Wolfgang Iser, Hans-Robert Jauss, Roland Barthes, and others.", "Reader-response criticism __knowledge__ Important predecessors were I.", "Frank Smith (psycholinguist) __knowledge__ Frank Smith is a contemporary psycholinguist recognized for his contributions in linguistics and cognitive psychology, both nationally and internationally, over the past 35 years.", "Frank Smith (psycholinguist) __knowledge__ He is regarded as an essential contributor to research on the nature of the reading process together with researchers such as George Armitage Miller, Kenneth S. Goodman (see Ken Goodman), Paul A. Kolers, Jane W. Torrey, Jane Mackworth, Richard Venezky, Robert Calfee, and Julian Hochberg.", "Frank Smith (psycholinguist) __knowledge__ Smith and Goodman are founders of whole-language approach for reading instruction.", "Frank Smith (psycholinguist) __knowledge__ He is the author of numerous books and his books have been republished through several editions.", "Aesthetic interpretation __knowledge__ An interpretation in philosophy of art, is an explanation of the meaning of some work of art.", "Aesthetic interpretation __knowledge__ An aesthetic interpretation expresses a particular emotional or experiential understanding most often used in reference to a poem, or piece of literature, and may also apply to a work of visual art, or performance.", "Aesthetic interpretation __knowledge__ Readers may approach reading a text from different starting points.", "Aesthetic interpretation __knowledge__ A student assigned to interpret a poem for class comes at reading differently from someone on the beach reading a novel for escapist pleasure.", "Aesthetic interpretation __knowledge__ \"Interpretation\" implies the conscious task of making sense out of a piece of writing that may not be clear at first glance or that may reward deeper reading even if it at first appears perfectly clear.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Reading education is the process by which individuals are taught to derive meaning from text.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Government-funded research on reading and reading instruction in the United States began in the 1960s.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ In the 1970s and 1980s, researchers began publishing findings based on converging evidence from multiple studies.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ However, these findings have been slow to move into typical classroom practice.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Proficient reading is equally dependent on two critical skills: the ability to understand the language in which the text is written, and the ability to recognize and process printed text.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Each of these competencies is likewise dependent on lower level skills and cognitive abilities.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ The invention of the camera in the early 19th century led to an array of lens designs intended for photography.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ The problems of photographic lens design, creating a lens for a task that would cover a large, flat image plane, were well known even before the invention of photography due to the development of lenses to work with the focal plane of the camera obscura.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ The early photographic experiments of Thomas Wedgwood, Nicéphore Niépce, Henry Fox Talbot, and Louis Daguerre all used simple single-element convex lenses.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ These lenses were found lacking.", "History of photographic lens design __knowledge__ Simple lenses could not focus an image over a large flat film plane (Field curvature) and suffered from other optical aberrations.", "Nuclear forensics __knowledge__ Nuclear forensics is the investigation of nuclear materials to find evidence for the source, the trafficking, and the enrichment of the material.", "Nuclear forensics __knowledge__ The material can be recovered from various sources including dust from the vicinity of a nuclear facility, or from the radioactive debris following a nuclear explosion.", "Nuclear forensics __knowledge__ Results of nuclear forensic testing are used by different organisations to make decisions.", "Nuclear forensics __knowledge__ The information is typically combined with other sources of information such as law enforcement and intelligence information.", "Nuclear forensics __knowledge__ The first seizures of nuclear or otherwise radioactive material were reported in Switzerland and Italy in 1991.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ This article is about the important technologies that have historically increased productivity.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity in general is a ratio of output to input in the production of goods and services.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity is increased by lowering the amount of labor, capital, energy or materials that go into producing any given amount of economic goods and services.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Increases in productivity are largely responsible for the increase in per capita living standards.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity improving technologies date back to antiquity, with rather slow progress until the late Middle Ages.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Important examples of early to medieval European technology include the water wheel, the horse collar, the spinning wheel, the three-field system (after 1500 the four-field system—see Crop rotation) and the blast furnace.", "Holography __knowledge__ Holography is the science and practice of making holograms.", "Holography __knowledge__ Typically, a hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than of an image formed by a lens, and it is used to display a fully three-dimensional image of the holographed subject, which is seen without the aid of special glasses or other intermediate optics.", "Holography __knowledge__ The hologram itself is not an image and it is usually unintelligible when viewed under diffuse ambient light.", "Holography __knowledge__ It is an encoding of the light field as an interference pattern of seemingly random variations in the opacity, density, or surface profile of the photographic medium.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ China–Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC) is a collection of infrastructure projects that are currently under construction throughout Pakistan.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ Originally valued at $46 billion, the value of CPEC projects is now worth $62 billion.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ CPEC is intended to rapidly modernize Pakistani infrastructure and strengthen its economy by the construction of modern transportation networks, numerous energy projects, and special economic zones.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ On 13 November 2016, CPEC became partly operational when Chinese cargo was transported overland to Gwadar Port for onward maritime shipment to Africa and West Asia.", "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor __knowledge__ A vast network of highways and railways are to be built under the aegis of CPEC that will span the length and breadth of Pakistan.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach () is an operating system kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University to support operating system research, primarily distributed and parallel computing.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach is often mentioned as one of the earliest examples of a microkernel.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ However, not all versions of Mach are microkernels.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach's derivatives are the basis of the modern operating system kernels in GNU Hurd and Apple's operating systems macOS, iOS, tvOS, and watchOS.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ The project at Carnegie Mellon ran from 1985 to 1994, ending with Mach 3.0, which is a true microkernel.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach was developed as a replacement for the kernel in the BSD version of Unix, so no new operating system would have to be designed around it." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ Pride and Prejudice is a six-episode 1995 British television drama, adapted by Andrew Davies from Jane Austen's 1813 novel of the same name.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth starred as Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ Produced by Sue Birtwistle and directed by Simon Langton, the serial was a BBC production with additional funding from the American A&E Network.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ BBC1 originally broadcast the 55-minute episodes from 24 September to 29 October 1995.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ The A&E Network aired the series in double episodes on three consecutive nights beginning 14 January 1996.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ There are six episodes in the series.", "Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series) __knowledge__ Critically acclaimed and a popular success, \"Pride and Prejudice\" was honoured with several awards, including a BAFTA Television Award for Jennifer Ehle for \"Best Actress\" and an Emmy for \"Outstanding Individual Achievement in Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special\".", "Typhoon Angela (1989) __knowledge__ Super Typhoon Angela, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Rubing, was an intense tropical cyclone that formed in late September 1989.", "Typhoon Angela (1989) __knowledge__ The storm developed from a tropical disturbance in the monsoon trough and moved generally westward throughout its duration.", "Typhoon Angela (1989) __knowledge__ The storm ultimately peaked in intensity as a super typhoon and struck northern Luzon in the Philippines.", "Typhoon Angela (1989) __knowledge__ After weakening and traversing the South China Sea, Angela bypassed Hainan to the south and struck Vietnam before dissipating.", "Typhoon Angela (1989) __knowledge__ The storm caused severe damage and 119 fatalities in the Philippines.", "Typhoon Angela (1989) __knowledge__ Thousands of houses were damaged, and hundreds of thousands of residents were impacted by the typhoon.", "Rúhíyyih Khanum __knowledge__ Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum (August 8, 1910 – January 19, 2000), born as Mary Sutherland Maxwell in New York City but raised in Montreal, was the wife of Shoghi Effendi, who was the Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith from 1921–1957.", "Rúhíyyih Khanum __knowledge__ She was appointed by him as a Hand of the Cause, and served an important role in the transfer of authority from 1957–1963.", "Rúhíyyih Khanum __knowledge__ In 2004, CBC viewers voted her number 44 on the list of \"greatest Canadians\" on the television show \"The Greatest Canadian\".", "Rúhíyyih Khanum __knowledge__ She was also a noted speaker from her teens and lectured frequently on the impacts of racism and prejudice.", "Rúhíyyih Khanum __knowledge__ A prolific writer since her youth, Rúhíyyih Khánum was the author of several published books such as \"Prescription for Living\" and \"The Priceless Pearl\".", "Earthscope __knowledge__ Earthscope is an earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes.", "Earthscope __knowledge__ The project has three components: USARRAY, the Plate Boundary Observatory, and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.", "Earthscope __knowledge__ The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the data produced is publicly accessible in real-time.", "Earthscope __knowledge__ Organizations associated with the project include UNAVCO, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Stanford University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).", "Goegnies-Chaussée __knowledge__ Goegnies-Chaussée (also spelled Gœgnies-Chaussée) is a village in the Belgian province of Hainaut.", "Goegnies-Chaussée __knowledge__ It is part of the municipality of Quévy.", "Goegnies-Chaussée __knowledge__ The border between Belgium and France runs right through the village, separating the Belgian Goegnies-Chaussée from the French Gognies-Chaussée.", "Renju __knowledge__ Renju (Japanese: 連珠) is the professional variant of Gomoku.", "Renju __knowledge__ It was named Renju by Japanese journalist Ruikou Kuroiwa (黒岩涙香) on December 6, 1899 in a Japanese newspaper \"Yorozu chouhou\" (萬朝報).", "Renju __knowledge__ The game is played with black and white stones on a 15×15 gridded Go board.", "Renju __knowledge__ Renju eliminates the \"Perfect Win\" situation in Gomoku by adding special conditions for the first player (Black).", "Renju __knowledge__ Unlike Gomoku, Renju has a unique sequence of opening moves called an \"opening rule\".", "Renju __knowledge__ There are several certified opening rules.", "Renju __knowledge__ The list of requirements for new opening rules as approved by the RIF General Assembly in 2003 was: I.", "I Want to Tell You __knowledge__ \"I Want to Tell You\" is a song by the English rock group the Beatles from their 1966 album \"Revolver\".", "I Want to Tell You __knowledge__ It was written and sung by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist.", "I Want to Tell You __knowledge__ After \"Taxman\" and \"Love You To\", it was the third Harrison composition recorded for \"Revolver\", marking the first time that he was allocated more than two songs on a Beatles album, as well as the start of his emergence as a songwriter beside John Lennon and Paul McCartney.", "I Want to Tell You __knowledge__ When writing \"I Want to Tell You\", Harrison drew inspiration from his experimentation with the hallucinogenic drug LSD.", "I Want to Tell You __knowledge__ The lyrics address what he later termed \"the avalanche of thoughts that are so hard to write down or say or transmit\".", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Track geometry is three-dimensional geometry of track layouts and associated measurements used in design, construction and maintenance of railroad tracks.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ The subject is used in the context of standards, speed limits and other regulations in the areas of track gauge, alignment, elevation, curvature and track surface.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Although, the geometry of the tracks is three-dimensional by nature, the standards are usually expressed in two separate layouts for horizontal and vertical.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Horizontal layout is the track layout on the horizontal plane.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ This can be thought of as the plan view which is a view of a 3-dimensional track from the position above the track.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The James Cant Ranch is a pioneer ranch complex in Grant County in eastern Oregon, United States.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The ranch is located on both sides of the John Day River in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The ranch was originally homesteaded by Floyd Officer in 1890.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ Officer sold the property to James Cant in 1910.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ Cant increased the size of the property and built a modern ranch complex on the west bank of the river.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The National Park Service bought the ranch from the Cant family in 1975, and incorporated the property into the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The National Park Service used the main house as a visitor center until 2003.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ The CANT Z.1007 \"Alcione\" (\"Kingfisher\") was a three-engined medium bomber, with wooden structure.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ Designed by \"ingegner\" Filippo Zappata, who also designed the CANT Z.506 it had \"excellent flying characteristics and good stability\" and was regarded by some as \"the best Italian bomber of World War II\" although its wooden structure was easily damaged by the climate, as experienced in North Africa and in Russia.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ It was used by the Italian \"Regia Aeronautica\", Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force, \"Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana\" and \"Luftwaffe\" during World War II.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ In 1935, Filippo Zappata, the chief designer of the \"Cantieri Aeronautici e Navali Triestini\" (CANT), designed two medium bombers, the twin-engined CANT Z.1011 and the three-engined CANT Z.1007.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ This list is of characters featured in the \"Gaunt's Ghosts\" series of novels by Dan Abnett, which are set in the fictional \"Warhammer 40,000\" universe.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Biographical details are included.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Colonel-Commissar Ibram Gaunt is the commanding officer of the Tanith First-and-Only during the Sabbat Worlds Crusade.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Not much is known of Gaunt's past prior to his training under Commissar-General Delane Oktar, but several flashbacks in \"First and Only\" tell enough to form a picture of his early years (according to the records, his mother died shortly after he was born and his father was killed in action by Orks on the planet Kentaur).", "Louis Althusser __knowledge__ Louis Pierre Althusser (; 16 October 1918 – 22 October 1990) was a French Marxist philosopher.", "Louis Althusser __knowledge__ He was born in Algeria and studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he eventually became Professor of Philosophy.", "Louis Althusser __knowledge__ Althusser was a longtime member—although sometimes a strong critic—of the French Communist Party.", "Louis Althusser __knowledge__ His arguments and theses were set against the threats that he saw attacking the theoretical foundations of Marxism.", "Louis Althusser __knowledge__ These included both the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory, and humanist and reformist socialist orientations which manifested as divisions in the European communist parties, as well as the problem of the \"cult of personality\" and of ideology.", "South African constitutional litigation __knowledge__ Constitutional litigation in South Africa is an area of the law in that country dealing with the rules and principles applicable to cases that involve constitutional matters.", "South African constitutional litigation __knowledge__ It examines the constitutional jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court, the High Court and the Supreme Court of Appeal (and certain other specialist courts), and considers the various rules peculiar to these courts that are relevant to constitutional litigation, such as the admission of an \"amicus curiae\", the duty to raise a constitutional matter as early as possible in the proceedings, and the duty to join the relevant organ of state in a case involving a constitutional issue.", "Thieves' cant __knowledge__ Thieves' cant or rogues' cant, also known as peddler's French, was a secret language (a \"cant\" or \"cryptolect\") which was formerly used by thieves, beggars and hustlers of various kinds in Great Britain and to a lesser extent in other English-speaking countries.", "Thieves' cant __knowledge__ The classic, colourful argot is now mostly obsolete, and is largely relegated to the realm of literature and fantasy role-playing, although individual terms continue to be used in the criminal subcultures of both Britain and the United States.", "Thieves' cant __knowledge__ Its South German and Swiss equivalent is the Rotwelsch , its Dutch equivalent is Bargoens and Serbo-Croatian equivalent is Šatrovački." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ Miscue analysis was originally developed by Ken Goodman for the purpose of understanding the reading process.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ It is a diagnostic tool that helps researchers/teachers gain insight into the reading process.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ The term \"miscue\" was initiated by Ken Goodman to describe an observed response in the reading process that does not match the expected response.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ Goodman uses the term \"miscue,\" rather than \"error\" or \"mistake\" to avoid value implications.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ He states that the departures from the text are not necessarily a negative aspect of the reading process but rather \"windows on the reading process\" (Goodman, 1969, p. 123).", "Nous __knowledge__ Nous (British: ; US: ), sometimes equated to intellect or intelligence, is a philosophical term for the faculty of the human mind which is described in classical philosophy as necessary for understanding what is true or real.", "Nous __knowledge__ The three commonly used philosophical terms are from Greek, νοῦς or , and Latin \"intellēctus\" and \"intelligentia\" respectively.", "Nous __knowledge__ To describe the activity of this faculty, apart from verbs based on the word \"understanding\", the word \"intellection\" is sometimes used in philosophical contexts, and the Greek words \"noēsis\" and \"noein\" are sometimes also used.", "Nous __knowledge__ This activity is understood in a similar way, at least in some contexts, to the modern concept of intuition.", "Mind __knowledge__ The mind is a set of cognitive faculties including consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, language and memory.", "Mind __knowledge__ It is usually defined as the faculty of an entity's thoughts and consciousness.", "Mind __knowledge__ It holds the power of imagination, recognition, and appreciation, and is responsible for processing feelings and emotions, resulting in attitudes and actions.", "Mind __knowledge__ There is a lengthy tradition in philosophy, religion, psychology, and cognitive science about what constitutes a mind and what are its distinguishing properties.", "Mind __knowledge__ One open question regarding the nature of the mind is the mind–body problem, which investigates the relation of the mind to the physical brain and nervous system.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The value-form or form of value () is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, Marxism and post-Marxism.", "Value-form __knowledge__ It refers to the \"social form\" of a commodity (any product traded in markets) as a symbol of value, which contrasts with its physical features, as a product which can satisfy some human need.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The physical appearance of a commodity is directly observable, but the meaning of its social form is not.", "Value-form __knowledge__ Narrating the paradoxical oddities and metaphysical niceties of ordinary things when they become instruments of trade, Marx seeks to provide a brief morphology of the category of economic value as such - what its substance really is, the forms which this substance takes, and how its magnitude is determined or expressed.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind.", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ The mind–body problem is a paradigm issue in philosophy of mind, although other issues are addressed, such as the hard problem of consciousness, and the nature of particular mental states.", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ Aspects of the mind that are studied include mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness, the ontology of the mind, the nature of thought, and the relationship of the mind to the body.", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ Dualism and monism are the two central schools of thought on the mind–body problem, although nuanced views have arisen that do not fit one or the other category neatly.", "William Hazlitt __knowledge__ William Hazlitt (10 April 1778 – 18 September 1830) was an English writer, drama and literary critic, painter, social commentator, and philosopher.", "William Hazlitt __knowledge__ He is now considered one of the greatest critics and essayists in the history of the English language, placed in the company of Samuel Johnson and George Orwell.", "William Hazlitt __knowledge__ He is also acknowledged as the finest art critic of his age.", "William Hazlitt __knowledge__ Despite his high standing among historians of literature and art, his work is currently little read and mostly out of print.", "William Hazlitt __knowledge__ During his lifetime he befriended many people who are now part of the 19th-century literary canon, including Charles and Mary Lamb, Stendhal, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, and John Keats.", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ Critical thinking is the objective analysis of facts to form a judgment.", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ The subject is complex, and there are several different definitions which generally include the rational, skeptical, unbiased analysis or evaluation of factual evidence.", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ Critical thinking was described by Richard W. Paul as a movement in two waves (1994).", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ The \"first wave\" of critical thinking is often referred to as a 'critical analysis' that is clear, rational thinking involving critique.", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ Its details vary amongst those who define it.", "Critical thinking __knowledge__ According to Barry K. Beyer (1995), critical thinking means making clear, reasoned judgments.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Creativity __knowledge__ Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed.", "Creativity __knowledge__ The created item may be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a musical composition, or a joke) or a physical object (such as an invention, a literary work, or a painting).", "Creativity __knowledge__ Scholarly interest in creativity involves many definitions and concepts pertaining to a number of disciplines: engineering, psychology, cognitive science, education, philosophy (particularly philosophy of science), technology, theology, sociology, linguistics, business studies, songwriting, and economics, covering the relations between creativity and general intelligence, mental and neurological processes, personality type and creative ability, creativity and mental health; the potential for fostering creativity through education and training, especially as augmented by technology; the maximization of creativity for national economic benefit, and the application of creative resources to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Vertical thinking __knowledge__ Vertical thinking is a type of approach to problems that usually involves one being selective, analytical, and sequential.", "Vertical thinking __knowledge__ It could be said that it is the opposite of lateral thinking.", "Vertical thinking __knowledge__ Unlike lateral thinking that involves using added intuition, risk taking, and imagination through unconscious and subconscious processes, vertical thinking consists of using more of a conscious approach via rational assessment in order to take in information or make decisions.", "Vertical thinking __knowledge__ This type of thinking encourages individuals to employ a sequential approach to solving problem where a creative and multidirectional response are seen as imprudent.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Thematic analysis __knowledge__ Thematic analysis is one of the most common forms of analysis in qualitative research.", "Thematic analysis __knowledge__ It emphasizes pinpointing, examining, and recording patterns (or \"themes\") within data.", "Thematic analysis __knowledge__ Themes are patterns across data sets that are important to the description of a phenomenon and are associated to a specific research question.", "Thematic analysis __knowledge__ The themes become the categories for analysis.", "Thematic analysis __knowledge__ Thematic analysis is performed through the process of coding in six phases to create established, meaningful patterns.", "Thematic analysis __knowledge__ These phases are: familiarization with data, generating initial codes, searching for themes among codes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and producing the final report." ] ]

[ 4, 7, 5, 10 ]

[ "I agree! It is time consuming but well worth it. It does require much practice, refinement as well as development!", "Yes lots and lots of practice! Reading is such a complicated process, it cant be narrowed down to one or two interpretations. ", "Well its also important to point out that reading takes a lot of creativity and critical thinking and analysis. Your mind has to simultaneously make sense of what you are reading. ", "Oh okay I see. Maybe if you slow it down you won't always need to go back and re read it. I still have to re read sometimes as well!" ]

[ "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)" ]

[ "Lawyer\nHello, How are you?", "I am good also. What is your name?", "My husband is lawyer. For how nany year do you pratice law?", "My husband has got his lawyer diploma ten years ago." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lawyer __knowledge__ A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a paralegal, advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor, solicitor, or chartered legal executive.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ As a result, the meaning of the term \"lawyer\" may vary from place to place.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ These countries do not have \"lawyers\" in the American sense, insofar as that term refers to a single type of general-purpose legal services provider; rather, their legal professions consist of a large number of different kinds of law-trained persons, known as jurists, some of whom are advocates who are licensed to practice in the courts.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ It is difficult to formulate accurate generalizations that cover all the countries with multiple legal professions, because each country has traditionally had its own peculiar method of dividing up legal work among all its different types of legal professionals.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ In 1997, Japanese rock group Sharam Q, fronted by Tsunku, began auditions for a female vocalist.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ These auditions aired via the reality show Asayan, and resulted in Michiyo Heike being crowned winner.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Tsunku, however, decided to give five of the runners-up, Yuko Nakazawa, Natsumi Abe, Kaori Iida, Asuka Fukuda and Aya Ishiguro, a chance to become a group in their own right.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls were set the task of selling 50,000 copies of their demo single \"Ai no Tane,\" in just five days.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls sold the required number of copies in four days, and subsequently became an official group.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Morning Musume's debut single, \"Morning Coffee,\" was released on January 28, 1998 on the One Up Music label and charted at #6 on the Oricon weekly chart.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ \"Hello, Goodbye\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ Backed by John Lennon's \"I Am the Walrus\", it was issued as a non-album single in November 1967, the group's first release since the death of their manager, Brian Epstein.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The single was commercially successful around the world, topping charts in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and several other countries.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ McCartney later said that the lyrics take duality as their theme.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The song originated when, in response to a question from Beatles aide Alistair Taylor about songwriting, McCartney sat down at a harmonium and asked Taylor to say the opposite of whatever he said.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ , formerly simply and colloquially referred to as , is a Japanese female idol group, holding the second highest overall single sales (of a female group) on the Oricon charts as of February 2012, with the Oricon record of most top ten singles with an amount of 50, and they have sold over 21 million copies in Japan alone.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Morning Musume was formed in 1997 by rock singer-songwriter turned record producer Tsunku, who later composed the vast majority of the group's songs over the decade.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ They are the lead group of Hello!", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Project that specialises in upbeat, pop-oriented music coupled with dance performance.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a song by English singer Adele, released on 23 October 2015 by XL Recordings as the lead single from her third studio album, \"25\" (2015).", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Adele co-wrote the song with her producer, Greg Kurstin.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a piano ballad with soul influences, and lyrics that discuss themes of nostalgia and regret.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Upon release, the song was acclaimed by music critics, who compared it favourably to Adele's previous work and praised the song's lyrics and Adele's vocals while many critics and publications ranked it as one of the best songs of the year.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ It was recorded in London.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" reached number one in almost every country it charted in, including the United Kingdom, where it became her second UK number-one single, following \"Someone like You\", and has the largest opening week sales in three years.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ String functions are used in computer programming languages to manipulate a string or query information about a string (some do both).", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ Most programming languages that have a string datatype will have some string functions although there may be other low-level ways within each language to handle strings directly.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ In object-oriented languages, string functions are often implemented as properties and methods of string objects.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ In functional and list-based languages a string is represented as a list (of character codes), therefore all list-manipulation procedures could be considered string functions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lawyer __knowledge__ A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a paralegal, advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor, solicitor, or chartered legal executive.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ As a result, the meaning of the term \"lawyer\" may vary from place to place.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ These countries do not have \"lawyers\" in the American sense, insofar as that term refers to a single type of general-purpose legal services provider; rather, their legal professions consist of a large number of different kinds of law-trained persons, known as jurists, some of whom are advocates who are licensed to practice in the courts.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ It is difficult to formulate accurate generalizations that cover all the countries with multiple legal professions, because each country has traditionally had its own peculiar method of dividing up legal work among all its different types of legal professionals.", "Critique of Practical Reason __knowledge__ The Critique of Practical Reason (, KpV) is the second of Immanuel Kant's three critiques, first published in 1788.", "Critique of Practical Reason __knowledge__ It follows on from Kant's \"Critique of Pure Reason\" and deals with his moral philosophy.", "Critique of Practical Reason __knowledge__ The second \"Critique\" exercised a decisive influence over the subsequent development of the field of ethics and moral philosophy, beginning with Johann Gottlieb Fichte's \"Doctrine of Science\" and becoming, during the 20th century, the principal reference point for deontological moral philosophy.", "Critique of Practical Reason __knowledge__ Kant sketches out here what is to follow.", "Critique of Practical Reason __knowledge__ Most of these two chapters focus on comparing the situation of theoretical and of practical reason and therefore discusses how the \"Critique of Practical Reason\" compares to the \"Critique of Pure Reason\".", "Meagan Good __knowledge__ Meagan Monique Good-Franklin (born August 8, 1981) is an American actress.", "Meagan Good __knowledge__ Beginning her career in 1985 at the age of four, Good has appeared in numerous television shows, films, and music videos.", "Meagan Good __knowledge__ In 2011, Good featured in an ensemble cast of the successful film version of \"Think Like a Man\".", "Meagan Good __knowledge__ She played Joanna Locasto, the lead character on the NBC drama series \"Deception.\"", "Meagan Good __knowledge__ She starred in the 2013 comedy \"\" and has earned a reputation as a scream queen, having starred in the horror films \"Venom\" (2005), \"One Missed Call\" (2008), \"Saw V\" (2008), and \"The Unborn\" (2009).", "Meagan Good __knowledge__ Good was born on August 8, 1981, in Panorama City, Los Angeles, California.", "Good Technology __knowledge__ Good Technology, owned by BlackBerry Limited, is a mobile security provider headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, United States.", "Good Technology __knowledge__ The company serves more than 5,000 organizations worldwide in industries such as financial services, healthcare, manufacturing, energy and utilities, legal, government, and technology.", "Good Technology __knowledge__ Good makes products for managing and securing mobile devices in a business environment.", "Good Technology __knowledge__ The company focuses on securing apps and data on mobile devices.", "Good Technology __knowledge__ Good Technology in its current form is a continuation of two previous companies.", "Good Technology __knowledge__ One was Visto, founded in 1996 (and initially known as Roampage).", "Banksia sessilis __knowledge__ Banksia sessilis, commonly known as parrot bush, is a species of shrub or tree in the plant genus \"Banksia\" in the family Proteaceae.", "Banksia sessilis __knowledge__ It had been known as Dryandra sessilis until 2007, when the genus \"Dryandra\" was sunk into \"Banksia\".", "Banksia sessilis __knowledge__ The Noongar peoples know the plant as Budjan or Butyak.", "Banksia sessilis __knowledge__ Widespread throughout southwest Western Australia, it is found on sandy soils over laterite or limestone, often as an understorey plant in open forest, woodland or shrubland.", "Banksia sessilis __knowledge__ Encountered as a shrub or small tree up to in height, it has prickly dark green leaves and dome-shaped cream-yellow flowerheads.", "Banksia sessilis __knowledge__ Flowering from winter through to late spring, it provides a key source of food—both the nectar and the insects it attracts—for honeyeaters in the cooler months, and species diversity is reduced in areas where there is little or no parrot bush occurring.", "Arthur Good __knowledge__ Arthur Good (16 or 26 August 1853 – 30 March 1928) was a French engineer, science educator, author and caricaturist who used the pen name Tom Tit.", "Arthur Good __knowledge__ He wrote a series of weekly articles, \"La Science Amusante\", or \"Amusing Science\", that were collected in book form and have been translated and republished in more than 130 editions in several languages.", "Arthur Good __knowledge__ The illustrations for his do-it-yourself scientific apparatuses have been described as surrealist collages, and were an inspiration for surrealist artists such as Max Ernst and Joseph Cornell.", "Arthur Good __knowledge__ Arthur Good was born in Montivilliers, Seine-Maritime, France on 16 or 26 August 1853.", "Superior good __knowledge__ Superior goods make up a larger \"proportion\" of consumption as income rises, and therefore are a type of normal goods in consumer theory.", "Superior good __knowledge__ Such a good must possess two economic characteristics: it must be scarce, and, along with that, it must have a high price.", "Superior good __knowledge__ The scarcity of the good can be natural or artificial; however, the general population (i.e., consumers) must recognize the good as distinguishably \"better\".", "Superior good __knowledge__ Possession of such a good usually signifies \"superiority\" in resources, and usually is accompanied by prestige.", "Superior good __knowledge__ The prestige-value of some superior goods is so high that a price decline would \"lower\" demand; these are the fabled Veblen goods.", "Byron Good __knowledge__ Byron Joseph Good (born 1944) is an American medical anthropologist primarily studying mental illness.", "Byron Good __knowledge__ He is currently on the faculty of Harvard University, where he is Professor of Medical Anthropology at Harvard Medical School and Professor of Cultural Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology.", "Byron Good __knowledge__ Good has contributed primarily to the field of psychological anthropology, and his writings have explored the cultural meaning of mental illnesses, patient narratives of illness, the epistemic perspective of biomedicine and its treatment of non-Western medical knowledge, and the comparative development of mental health systems.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Good Game is an Australian television gaming programme produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), which aired on ABC2.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Created by Janet Carr, Jeremy Ray and Michael Makowski.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show began in 2006 and includes a mix of gaming news, reviews, and features.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The original hosts were Jeremy \"Junglist\" Ray and Michael \"Kapowski\" Makowski; the latter was replaced by Steven \"Bajo\" O'Donnell in 2007, and the former was replaced by Stephanie \"Hex\" Bendixsen in 2009.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Other on screen presenters included field reporter Gus \"Goose\" Ronald and Dave Callan.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show is named after the friendly phrase gamers traditionally say after completing a competitive match.", "Common good __knowledge__ In philosophy, economics, and political science, the common good (also commonwealth, common weal or general welfare) refers to either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community, or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action, and active participation in the realm of politics and public service.", "Common good __knowledge__ The concept of the common good differs significantly among philosophical doctrines.", "Common good __knowledge__ Early conceptions of the common good were set out by Ancient Greek philosophers, including Aristotle and Plato.", "Common good __knowledge__ One understanding of the common good rooted in Aristotle's philosophy remains in common usage today, referring to what one contemporary scholar calls the \"good proper to, and attainable only by, the community, yet individually shared by its members.\"", "Matthew Good __knowledge__ Matthew Frederick Robert Good (born June 29, 1971) is a Canadian rock musician.", "Matthew Good __knowledge__ He was the lead singer and songwriter for the Matthew Good Band, one of Canada's most successful alternative rock bands in the 1990s, before dissolving the band in 2002.", "Matthew Good __knowledge__ In the years since the Matthew Good Band's disbanding, Good has pursued a solo career and established himself as a political and mental health activist.", "Matthew Good __knowledge__ Good has received 21 Juno Award nominations during his career, winning four.", "Matthew Good __knowledge__ Good's early career in music involved a variety of folk demos and a stint as the lead singer of a folk band, the Rochester Kings.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In religion, ethics, philosophy, and psychology \"good and evil\" is a very common dichotomy.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In cultures with Manichaean and Abrahamic religious influence, evil is usually perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good, in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In cultures with Buddhist spiritual influence, both good and evil are perceived as part of an antagonistic duality that itself must be overcome through achieving \"Śūnyatā\" meaning emptiness in the sense of recognition of good and evil being two opposing principles but not a reality, emptying the duality of them, and achieving a oneness.", "Public good __knowledge__ In economics, a public good is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous in that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from use and where use by one individual does not reduce availability to others.", "Public good __knowledge__ Gravelle and Rees: \"The defining characteristic of a public good is that consumption of it by one individual does not actually or potentially reduce the amount available to be consumed by another individual.\"", "Public good __knowledge__ In a non-economic sense, the term is often used to describe something that is useful for the public generally, such as education and infrastructure, although these are not \"public goods\" in the economic sense.", "Good __knowledge__ In its most general context, the concept of good denotes that conduct which is to be preferred and prescribed by society and its social constituents as beneficial and useful to the social needs of society and its preferred conventions.", "Good __knowledge__ Good is generally considered to be the opposite of evil.", "Good __knowledge__ The concept is of interest in the study of morality, ethics, religion and philosophy, and the specific meaning and etiology of the term and its associated translations among ancient and contemporary languages has varied substantially in its inflected meaning depending on circumstances of place, history, religious context and philosophical context.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The Nicomachean Ethics (; Greek: Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The work, which plays a pre-eminent role in defining Aristotelian ethics, consists of ten books, originally separate scrolls, and is understood to be based on notes from his lectures at the Lyceum.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The title is often assumed to refer to his son Nicomachus, to whom the work was dedicated or who may have edited it (although his young age makes this less likely).", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ Alternatively, the work may have been dedicated to his father, who was also called Nicomachus.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The theme of the work is a Socratic question previously explored in the works of Plato, Aristotle's friend and teacher, of how men should best live." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lawyer __knowledge__ A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a paralegal, advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor, solicitor, or chartered legal executive.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ As a result, the meaning of the term \"lawyer\" may vary from place to place.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ These countries do not have \"lawyers\" in the American sense, insofar as that term refers to a single type of general-purpose legal services provider; rather, their legal professions consist of a large number of different kinds of law-trained persons, known as jurists, some of whom are advocates who are licensed to practice in the courts.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ It is difficult to formulate accurate generalizations that cover all the countries with multiple legal professions, because each country has traditionally had its own peculiar method of dividing up legal work among all its different types of legal professionals.", "Giancarlo Pallavicini __knowledge__ Giancarlo Pallavicini (Desio, February 12, 1931) is an economist, academic, manager, Italian writer and journalist, former adviser to the Soviet Government at the time of Gorbachev's Perestroika and member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, of which the 'Encyclopedia Treccani noted that in the 1950s anticipated the first concepts of \"marketing\" and, in 1960, the first foundations of corporate social responsibility, with the \"Method of decomposition parameters\" .", "Giancarlo Pallavicini __knowledge__ He was administrator of \"Norfinance Italia\", Milan, (Norfinance Holding, Lausanne; Banque Cantonale Vaudoise, Losanne; Invesco, London), since 1994; Secretary general of Mediofactoring, Milan (Banca Cariplo), since 1983, and CGM International, Milan (Banca Cariplo, Generali Assicurazioni, Merzario, since 1983), Chairman Euroconsulting j.v., Moscow, since 1988; proprietor Firm Pallavicini, Research and Methods, Desio (Milan), since 2000.", "Wadhel Harnampur __knowledge__ Wadhel Harnampur is a village in Sultanpur Lodhi tehsil in Kapurthala district of Punjab, India.", "Wadhel Harnampur __knowledge__ It is located from the city of Sultanpur Lodhi, away from district headquarter Kapurthala.", "Wadhel Harnampur __knowledge__ The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).", "Wadhel Harnampur __knowledge__ The closest International airport to the village is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport.", "24 Frames Factory __knowledge__ 24 Frames Factory is an Indian film production company established by Manchu Vishnu , son of actor Manchu Mohan Babu in 2007 and is subsidiary of Sree Lakshmi Prasanna Pictures.", "24 Frames Factory __knowledge__ Films that are produced under this banner are mostly with the actor Manchu Mohan Babu's family.", "24 Frames Factory __knowledge__ Vishnu Manchu started a Short Film Contest launched by his premier production house 24 Frames Factory.The intention of this contest to bring out fresh talent and ideas.", "24 Frames Factory __knowledge__ The award winning entry will won a prize money of 100000 and give an opportunity to direct a film for 24 Frames Factory.", "24 Frames Factory __knowledge__ The jury members of this short film contest are Well-known Telugu filmmakers such as Ram Gopal Varma, Deva Katta, B.V.S.Ravi, Dasarath and writer duo Kona Venkat and Gopimohan.", "Market Harborough Cricket Club __knowledge__ Market Harborough Cricket Club is a cricket club founded c.1840 in Market Harborough, Leicestershire, England.", "Market Harborough Cricket Club __knowledge__ The club's first team plays in the Leicestershire Premier Cricket League, which is one of the ECB Premier Leagues that are the highest level of the amateur, recreational sport in England and Wales.", "Market Harborough Cricket Club __knowledge__ Among the famous players to have appeared for the club are Leicestershire County Cricket Club's first first-class captain Charles de Trafford, C. J.", "Market Harborough Cricket Club __knowledge__ B.", "Market Harborough Cricket Club __knowledge__ Wood and Les Berry.", "Market Harborough Cricket Club __knowledge__ Market Harborough Cricket Club is located on Fairfield road, Market Harborough.", "Market Harborough Cricket Club __knowledge__ The club's sponsors are The Angel Hotel which is located in Market Harborough and Brook House College cricket academy.", "La Nany __knowledge__ The Nany is a Chilean sitcom based on the U.S. TV series The Nanny.", "La Nany __knowledge__ It was aired from 2005 to March 2006, when it was followed by Casado con Hijos, the Chilean version of Married... with Children.", "La Nany __knowledge__ Eliana \"Nany\" Tapia is a woman who comes to work in the mansion of a whealthy family, in the suburbs of La Dehesa, Santiago, after being fired from a bridal shop in the Florida Center Shopping Mall.", "La Nany __knowledge__ The family she works for is formed by the widower Max Valdivieso, his three children, Catalina, Sofía, and Tomás, and his butler Bruno.", "La Nany __knowledge__ Max's assistant, Loreto, has a rivalry against Eliana and Bruno.", "La Nany __knowledge__ She will do everything possible to try to fire them.", "Perro amor __knowledge__ Perro Amor (Cruel Love) is a Spanish-language telenovela produced by the United States-based television network Telemundo that originally ran in the United States from January to July 2010.", "Perro amor __knowledge__ This is a Colombian remake of the 1998 Cenpro Televisión daily telenovela \"Perro Amor\", written by Natalia Ospina and Andrés Salgado.", "Perro amor __knowledge__ As with most of its other telenovelas, Telemundo broadcast English subtitles as closed captions on CC3.", "Perro amor __knowledge__ The action takes place in Miami, Florida.", "Perro amor __knowledge__ \"Perro amor\" tells the story of two lovers: Antonio \"el perro (Dog)\" Brando (Carlos Ponce) and Camila Brando (Maritza Rodríguez), who are also cousins.", "Blake Bortles __knowledge__ Robby Blake Bortles (born April 28, 1992) is an American football quarterback for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL).", "Blake Bortles __knowledge__ He played college football at Central Florida and was drafted by the Jaguars in the first round with the third overall pick in the 2014 NFL Draft.", "Blake Bortles __knowledge__ Bortles was Central Florida's starting quarterback from midway through the 2011 season to 2013.", "Blake Bortles __knowledge__ In 2012, he led UCF to a Conference USA East Division Championship and bowl victory.", "Blake Bortles __knowledge__ In 2013, Bortles led the Knights to an upset win over No.", "Blake Bortles __knowledge__ 8-ranked Louisville to win the inaugural American Athletic Conference Championship, as well as an upset victory over sixth-ranked Baylor in the 2014 Fiesta Bowl.", "Paralegal __knowledge__ A paralegal is an individual, qualified by education, training or work experience, who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency, or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible.", "Paralegal __knowledge__ However, this definition varies depending on the jurisdiction; in Ontario, Canada, paralegals are independent legal practitioners, licensed by The Law Society of Upper Canada to provide legal services to members of the public.", "Paralegal __knowledge__ Licensed paralegals in Ontario may manage their own legal firm.", "Paralegal __knowledge__ They are employed as municipal and provincial prosecutors and may be appointed as justices of the peace.", "Certified Paralegal __knowledge__ Certified Paralegal (CP) or Certified Legal Assistant (CLA) is the title of paralegals in the United States who have passed the Certified Paralegal Exam and have met additional education and experience requirements for certification as a CP or CLA.", "Certified Paralegal __knowledge__ In the United States \"paralegal\" and \"legal assistant\" are frequently used interchangeably.", "Certified Paralegal __knowledge__ * The primary function of paralegals is to assist attorneys in the delivery of legal services.", "Certified Paralegal __knowledge__ According to the American Bar Association: “A legal assistant or paralegal is a person, qualified by education, training or work experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible.” To become a Certified Paralegal in the United States, the candidate voluntarily passes the Certified Paralegal Exam (CP Exam).", "Admission to practice law __knowledge__ An admission to practice law is acquired when a lawyer receives a license to practice law.", "Admission to practice law __knowledge__ In jurisdictions with two types of lawyer, as with barristers and solicitors, barristers must gain admission to the bar whereas for solicitors there are distinct practising certificates.", "Admission to practice law __knowledge__ Becoming a lawyer is a widely varied process around the world.", "Admission to practice law __knowledge__ Common to all jurisdictions are requirements of age and competence; some jurisdictions also require documentation of citizenship or immigration status.", "Admission to practice law __knowledge__ However, the most varied requirements are those surrounding the preparation for the license, whether it includes obtaining a law degree, passing an exam, or serving in an apprenticeship.", "National Paralegal College __knowledge__ National Paralegal College (NPC) is a for-profit online distance learning college offering paralegal certifications, associates, bachelor's and master's degrees in legal studies.", "National Paralegal College __knowledge__ The college is centrally located in Phoenix, Arizona and is accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission.", "National Paralegal College __knowledge__ National Paralegal College was founded in 2002 by Director Mark Geller, Esq., founder of Legal Data Systems, Inc. and school President Avi Katz.", "National Paralegal College __knowledge__ Its first class was delivered on June 2, 2003.", "National Paralegal College __knowledge__ The school introduced a synchronous learning format to online schooling by running a real time audio/visual online platform to deliver instruction.", "International Practice Management Association __knowledge__ The International Practice Management Association (IPMA) is a membership-based professional organization that promotes the development, professional standing and visibility of paralegal and legal practice support management professionals.", "International Practice Management Association __knowledge__ Its membership consists of paralegal managers and other practice support managers (those who manage non-attorney fee earners in law firms and legal departments).", "International Practice Management Association __knowledge__ According to its website, the IPMA’s primary goals are: The IPMA produces position papers on topics relating to paralegal regulation and the paralegal and practice management profession more generally.", "Legal education __knowledge__ Legal education is the education of individuals in the principles, practices, and theory of law.", "Legal education __knowledge__ It may be undertaken for several reasons, including to provide the knowledge and skills necessary for admission to legal practice in a particular jurisdiction, to provide a greater breadth of knowledge to those working in other professions such as politics or business, to provide current lawyers with advanced training or greater specialisation, or to update lawyers on recent developments in the law.", "Legal education __knowledge__ Legal education can take the form of a variety of programs, including: Early Western legal education emerged in Republican Rome.", "Legal document assistant __knowledge__ A legal document assistant (LDA, also commonly known as \"document technician,\" \"legal document preparer,\" \"legal technician,\" \"online legal document provider\" and \"legal document clerk\") in the United States is a non-lawyer authorized to assist with the preparation of legal instruments.", "Legal document assistant __knowledge__ Unlike a paralegal, legal document assistants do not work under the supervision of an attorney.", "Legal document assistant __knowledge__ A Legal Document Assistant is an American phenomenon created in response to the most strict licensing laws for attorneys in the world.", "Legal document assistant __knowledge__ The job was created by using the doctrine of \"pro se\" to enable someone to help another prepare a legal document." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lawyer __knowledge__ A lawyer is a person who practices law, as a paralegal, advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor, solicitor, or chartered legal executive.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ The role of the lawyer varies greatly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ As a result, the meaning of the term \"lawyer\" may vary from place to place.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ In most countries, particularly civil law countries, there has been a tradition of giving many legal tasks to a variety of civil law notaries, clerks, and scriveners.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ These countries do not have \"lawyers\" in the American sense, insofar as that term refers to a single type of general-purpose legal services provider; rather, their legal professions consist of a large number of different kinds of law-trained persons, known as jurists, some of whom are advocates who are licensed to practice in the courts.", "Lawyer __knowledge__ It is difficult to formulate accurate generalizations that cover all the countries with multiple legal professions, because each country has traditionally had its own peculiar method of dividing up legal work among all its different types of legal professionals.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The earliest migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the migration out of Africa of \"Homo erectus\", followed by other archaic humans including \"H. heidelbergensis\", the likely ancestor of both anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals, around 500,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ Within Africa, \"Homo sapiens\" diverged around the time of its speciation, roughly 300,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The \"recent African origin\" paradigm suggests that the anatomically modern humans outside of Africa descend from a population of \"Homo sapiens\" migrating from East Africa after roughly 70,000 years ago and spread along the southern coast of Asia and to Oceania before 50,000 years ago.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1980 and December 1989.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Julia Newman first appeared in February 1980 along with Victor Newman (Eric Braeden).", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Meg Bennett until 1981, with reprise appearances from 1982 to 1984, 1986 to 1987, and lastly from March 1 to September 3, 2002.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ History On June 13, 1970, Julia and businessman Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) were married.", "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) __knowledge__ Ten years later, she and Victor moved to Genoa City so that he could help run Chancellor Industries for Katherine Chancellor (Jeanne Cooper).", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth (\"Mammuthus primigenius\") is an extinct species of mammoth that lived during the Pleistocene epoch, and was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with \"Mammuthus subplanifrons\" in the early Pliocene.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth diverged from the steppe mammoth about 400,000 years ago in East Asia.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ Its closest extant relative is the Asian elephant.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The appearance and behaviour of this species are among the best studied of any prehistoric animal because of the discovery of frozen carcasses in Siberia and Alaska, as well as skeletons, teeth, stomach contents, dung, and depiction from life in prehistoric cave paintings.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "North China Craton __knowledge__ The North China Craton is a continental crustal block with one of Earth's most complete and complex record of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic processes.", "North China Craton __knowledge__ It is located in northeast China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea.", "North China Craton __knowledge__ The term craton designates this as a piece of continent that is stable, buoyant and rigid.", "North China Craton __knowledge__ Basic properties of the cratonic crust include being thick (around 200 km), relatively cold when compared to other regions, and low density.", "North China Craton __knowledge__ The North China Craton is an ancient craton, which experienced a long period of stability and fitted the definition of a craton well.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Volcanology of Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes, and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ It has a very complex volcanological history spanning from the Precambrian eon at least 3.11 billion years ago when this part of the North American continent began to form.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Although the country's volcanic activity dates back to the Precambrian eon, volcanism continues to occur in Western and Northern Canada where it forms part of an encircling chain of volcanoes and frequent earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Ring of Fire.", "Certified Paralegal __knowledge__ Certified Paralegal (CP) or Certified Legal Assistant (CLA) is the title of paralegals in the United States who have passed the Certified Paralegal Exam and have met additional education and experience requirements for certification as a CP or CLA.", "Certified Paralegal __knowledge__ In the United States \"paralegal\" and \"legal assistant\" are frequently used interchangeably.", "Certified Paralegal __knowledge__ * The primary function of paralegals is to assist attorneys in the delivery of legal services.", "Certified Paralegal __knowledge__ According to the American Bar Association: “A legal assistant or paralegal is a person, qualified by education, training or work experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible.” To become a Certified Paralegal in the United States, the candidate voluntarily passes the Certified Paralegal Exam (CP Exam).", "Paralegal __knowledge__ A paralegal is an individual, qualified by education, training or work experience, who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency, or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible.", "Paralegal __knowledge__ However, this definition varies depending on the jurisdiction; in Ontario, Canada, paralegals are independent legal practitioners, licensed by The Law Society of Upper Canada to provide legal services to members of the public.", "Paralegal __knowledge__ Licensed paralegals in Ontario may manage their own legal firm.", "Paralegal __knowledge__ They are employed as municipal and provincial prosecutors and may be appointed as justices of the peace.", "National Paralegal College __knowledge__ National Paralegal College (NPC) is a for-profit online distance learning college offering paralegal certifications, associates, bachelor's and master's degrees in legal studies.", "National Paralegal College __knowledge__ The college is centrally located in Phoenix, Arizona and is accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission.", "National Paralegal College __knowledge__ National Paralegal College was founded in 2002 by Director Mark Geller, Esq., founder of Legal Data Systems, Inc. and school President Avi Katz.", "National Paralegal College __knowledge__ Its first class was delivered on June 2, 2003.", "National Paralegal College __knowledge__ The school introduced a synchronous learning format to online schooling by running a real time audio/visual online platform to deliver instruction.", "Mandell Creighton __knowledge__ Mandell Creighton (; 5 July 1843 – 14 January 1901) was a British historian and a bishop of the Church of England.", "Mandell Creighton __knowledge__ A scholar of the Renaissance papacy, Creighton was the first occupant of the Dixie Chair of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Cambridge, a professorship established around the time that history was emerging as an independent academic discipline.", "Mandell Creighton __knowledge__ He was also the first editor of the \"English Historical Review\", the oldest English language academic journal in the field of history.", "Mandell Creighton __knowledge__ Creighton had a second career as a cleric in the Church of England.", "Mandell Creighton __knowledge__ He served as a parish priest in Embleton, Northumberland and later, successively, as a Canon Residentiary of Worcester Cathedral, the Bishop of Peterborough and the Bishop of London.", "Murder of Janet March __knowledge__ On August 29, 1996, Janet Levine March (born February 20, 1963), a children's book illustrator in Forest Hills, Tennessee, United States, a suburb of Nashville, was reported missing to police by her husband and mother.", "Murder of Janet March __knowledge__ Perry March, a lawyer, told police that he had last seen his wife when she left the house on the night of August 15, two weeks earlier, following an argument.", "Murder of Janet March __knowledge__ He claimed she had packed her bags for a 12-day vacation at an unknown location and driven away.", "Murder of Janet March __knowledge__ She was never seen alive by anyone else afterwards.", "Murder of Janet March __knowledge__ Janet's car was found at a nearby apartment complex a week after the police report, apparently having been there for some time.", "Marshall Space Flight Center __knowledge__ The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), located in Huntsville, Alabama, is the U.S. government's civilian rocketry and spacecraft propulsion research center.", "Marshall Space Flight Center __knowledge__ The largest NASA center, MSFC's first mission was developing the Saturn launch vehicles for the Apollo moon program.", "Marshall Space Flight Center __knowledge__ Marshall has been the agency's lead center for Space Shuttle propulsion and its external tank; payloads and related crew training; International Space Station (ISS) design and assembly; and computers, networks, and information management.", "Marshall Space Flight Center __knowledge__ Located on the Redstone Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama, MSFC is named in honor of General of the Army George Marshall.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The recent African origin of modern humans, also called the \"Out of Africa\" theory (OOA), recent single-origin hypothesis (RSOH), replacement hypothesis, or recent African origin model (RAO), is, in paleoanthropology, the dominant model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\").", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The model proposes a single area of origin for modern humans.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The \"single-origin hypothesis\" is cited as having scientific consensus as of the mid-2000s.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ According to this model, modern humans evolved in East Africa between 400,000 and 200,000 years ago.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ There were then at least two dispersal events from Africa to the rest of the world." ] ]

[ 0, 1, 48, 8 ]

[ "I am doing good and yourself?", "Steve I practice law as a paralegal.", "I passed my tests to become a certified paralegal four years ago.", "Being a lawyer can actually mean very different things in other countries." ]

[ "Lawyer", "Lawyer", "Lawyer", "Lawyer" ]

[ "Fishing tackle\nWhen walking through Walmart I always see so much fishing tackle and equipment! I really dont know how any of it works, do you?", "Yes all that stuff! Even the fake worms that have stinky juice in the bag with them! Yuck! I dont alot, but occasionally in the pond behind my house.", "The only fish I have caught are those small brim fish with the spikey top fin and they are round and flat and most of the time brown.", "Yes I used hooks and a fishing pole, and I think we used shrimp and bread as bait. It worked well, I dont have any fancy gear like what people use on boats or in the ocean. Are crab pots considered tackle? ", "Yes it is, so that makes it more complicated. I do watch deadliest catch and really like that show so thats why I was asking! lol" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Almost any equipment or gear used for fishing can be called fishing tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Some examples are hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders and tackle boxes.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Gear that is attached to the end of a fishing line is called terminal tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This includes hooks, leaders, swivels, sinkers, floats, split rings and wire, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners and clevises to attach spinner blades to fishing lures.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Sometimes the term fishing rig is used for a completed assembly of tackle ready for fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle can be contrasted with fishing techniques.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle refers to the physical equipment that is used when fishing, whereas fishing techniques refers to the manner in which the tackle is used when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ The term \"tackle\", with the meaning \"apparatus for fishing\", has been in use from 1398 AD.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is also called fishing gear.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ However the term fishing gear is more usually used in the context of commercial fishing, whereas fishing tackle is more often used in the context of recreational fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This article covers equipment used by recreational fishermen.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly fishing tackle comprises the fishing tackle or equipment typically used by fly anglers.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly fishing tackle includes: Fly rods normally vary between 2 m (6 ft) and 4 m (13 ft) in length with the most common length sold being 2.74 m (9 ft).", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Rod lengths are typically given in imperial measurements of feet and inches.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly rods and lines are designated as to their \"weight\", typically written as Nwt where 'N' is the number (\"e.g.\"", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ 8wt, 9wt, 10wt).", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Rods are matched to the line according to weight.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ The rod's manufacturer will mark on the rod the fly line weights for which a rod has been designed.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ One-weight (1wt) rods and lines are the lightest; the weight designations increase in whole number increments as the rod becomes heavier.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has 11,703 stores and clubs in 28countries, operating under 59 differentnames.", "Walmart __knowledge__ The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India.", "Lindy Legendary Fishing Tackle __knowledge__ Lindy Legendary Fishing Tackle is an American producer of fishing tackle.", "Lindy Legendary Fishing Tackle __knowledge__ Since its founding in 1968, the company's Lindy Rig has been used by over 40 million fishermen.", "Lindy Legendary Fishing Tackle __knowledge__ Lindy Tackle Company was founded in 1968 by Al and Ron Lindner and Nick Adams.", "Lindy Legendary Fishing Tackle __knowledge__ The Lindners left the company to form In-Fisherman in 1975.", "Lindy Legendary Fishing Tackle __knowledge__ The first major expansion came in 1973 with Lindy's takeover by Ray-O-Vac and its merger with Mille Lacs Manufacturing to form Lindy-Little Joe.", "Lindy Legendary Fishing Tackle __knowledge__ This company was incorporated in 1978 to acquire the Fishing Tackle Division of Ray-O-Vac.", "Lindy Legendary Fishing Tackle __knowledge__ Thill Fishing Tackle, maker of balsa floats, was acquired in 1992, and further acquisitions followed with System Tackle Manufacturing in 1997, Old Bayside Fishing Tackle in 2003, and Muskie Greats Tackle (G/T) in 2004." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Almost any equipment or gear used for fishing can be called fishing tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Some examples are hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders and tackle boxes.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Gear that is attached to the end of a fishing line is called terminal tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This includes hooks, leaders, swivels, sinkers, floats, split rings and wire, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners and clevises to attach spinner blades to fishing lures.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Sometimes the term fishing rig is used for a completed assembly of tackle ready for fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle can be contrasted with fishing techniques.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle refers to the physical equipment that is used when fishing, whereas fishing techniques refers to the manner in which the tackle is used when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ The term \"tackle\", with the meaning \"apparatus for fishing\", has been in use from 1398 AD.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is also called fishing gear.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ However the term fishing gear is more usually used in the context of commercial fishing, whereas fishing tackle is more often used in the context of recreational fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This article covers equipment used by recreational fishermen.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ Stinky tofu () is a Chinese form of fermented tofu that has a strong odor.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ It is usually sold at night markets or roadside stands as a snack, or in lunch bars as a side dish, rather than in restaurants.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ Unlike cheese, stinky tofu fermentation does not have a fixed formula for starter bacteria; wide regional and individual variations exist in manufacturing and preparation.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ The traditional method of producing stinky tofu is to prepare a brine made from fermented milk, vegetables, and meat; the brine can also include dried shrimp, amaranth greens, mustard greens, bamboo shoots, and Chinese herbs.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ The brine fermentation can take as long as several months.", "Juice Ortiz __knowledge__ Juan Carlos \"Juice\" Ortiz is a fictional character on the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\", played by Theo Rossi.", "Juice Ortiz __knowledge__ Though Juice displays great technical prowess in some respects, he has also proven to be somewhat simple minded when it comes to other tasks, often garnering him hazing from the other members.", "Juice Ortiz __knowledge__ His storyline grows after law enforcement see him as the Club's weak link; in seasons 5-6 the Club becomes aware of his betrayals.", "Juice Ortiz __knowledge__ On his colors he wears the \"Men of Mayhem\" patch.", "Juice Ortiz __knowledge__ He is one of three characters killed in the series' penultimate episode, \"Red Rose,\" along with Wayne Unser and Gemma Teller Morrow.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Ma'alot-Tarshiha (; , \"Maʻālūt Taršīḥā\") is a mixed city in the North District in Israel, some east of Nahariya, about above sea level.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The city was established in 1963 through a municipal merger of the Arab town of Tarshiha and the Jewish town of Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ In the city has a population of .", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Excavations of a 4th-century burial cave in the village unearthed a cross and a piece of glass engraved with a menorah.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Crusader sources from the 12th and 13th century refer to Tarshiha as \"Terschia,\" \"Torsia\" and \"Tersigha.\"", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The King had initiated the settlement of Crusader (\"Latin\", \"Frankish\") people in nearby Mi'ilya (\"Castellum Regis\"), and from there settlement spread out to Tarshiha.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot () is a town and nagar panchayat in the Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh, India.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is located at .", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot has a population of 40,948.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a tehsil place and a small town; it is a tahsil of Ratlam district and the hometown to Jangalwa Dynasty.", "Alot __knowledge__ It is on the route of the Delhi–Bombay railway track.", "Alot __knowledge__ Through trade routes Jewellers and Businessman established themselves in the town before the 17th century and flourished businesses in ginning and jewellery.", "Alot __knowledge__ A glimpse of the business lifestyle during that era can still be found in the historical town.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a main station for Jain ; many Jain people go there daily for the darshan of Lord Jain Swetamber.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly fishing tackle comprises the fishing tackle or equipment typically used by fly anglers.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly fishing tackle includes: Fly rods normally vary between 2 m (6 ft) and 4 m (13 ft) in length with the most common length sold being 2.74 m (9 ft).", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Rod lengths are typically given in imperial measurements of feet and inches.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly rods and lines are designated as to their \"weight\", typically written as Nwt where 'N' is the number (\"e.g.\"", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ 8wt, 9wt, 10wt).", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Rods are matched to the line according to weight.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ The rod's manufacturer will mark on the rod the fly line weights for which a rod has been designed.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ One-weight (1wt) rods and lines are the lightest; the weight designations increase in whole number increments as the rod becomes heavier.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ A fishing rod is a long, flexible rod used to catch fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ At its simplest, a fishing rod is a simple stick or pole attached to a line ending in a hook (formerly known as an \"angle\", hence the term angling).", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The length of the rod can vary between .", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ To entice fish, bait or lures are impaled on one or more hooks attached to the line.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The line is generally stored on a reel which reduces tangles and assists in landing a fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ Traditionally rods are made from bamboo, while contemporary rods are usually made from fibreglass or carbon fibre.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ In contrast with nets, which are usually used in subsistence and commercial fishing, fishing rods are more often used in recreational fishing and competitive casting.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Almost any equipment or gear used for fishing can be called fishing tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Some examples are hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders and tackle boxes.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Gear that is attached to the end of a fishing line is called terminal tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This includes hooks, leaders, swivels, sinkers, floats, split rings and wire, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners and clevises to attach spinner blades to fishing lures.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Sometimes the term fishing rig is used for a completed assembly of tackle ready for fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle can be contrasted with fishing techniques.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle refers to the physical equipment that is used when fishing, whereas fishing techniques refers to the manner in which the tackle is used when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ The term \"tackle\", with the meaning \"apparatus for fishing\", has been in use from 1398 AD.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is also called fishing gear.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ However the term fishing gear is more usually used in the context of commercial fishing, whereas fishing tackle is more often used in the context of recreational fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This article covers equipment used by recreational fishermen.", "Fin whale __knowledge__ The fin whale (\"Balaenoptera physalus\"), also known as finback whale, razorback whale, common rorqual whale, herring whale, or greyhound whale is a marine mammal belonging to the parvorder of baleen whales.", "Fin whale __knowledge__ It is the second-largest mammalian on the Earth after the blue whale.", "Fin whale __knowledge__ The largest reportedly grow to long with a maximum confirmed length of 25.9 m (85 ft), a maximum recorded weight of nearly , and a maximum estimated weight of around .", "Fin whale __knowledge__ American naturalist Roy Chapman Andrews called the fin whale \"the greyhound of the sea ... for its beautiful, slender body is built like a racing yacht and the animal can surpass the speed of the fastest ocean steamship.\"", "Dave Spikey __knowledge__ Dave Spikey (born David Gordon Bramwell, 6 October 1951) is an English comedian, actor, writer and film producer.", "Dave Spikey __knowledge__ He is best known for his stand-up comedy, writing and starring in the British comedy programme \"Phoenix Nights\", presenting quiz shows such as \"Bullseye\" and \"Chain Letters\" and playing team captain in the first four series of \"8 Out of 10 Cats\".", "Dave Spikey __knowledge__ Born in Farnworth, Lancashire, Spikey spent his early career working as a biomedical scientist in the haematology laboratory at Bolton General Hospital.", "Dave Spikey __knowledge__ It was during this period in the 1980s that Spikey scripted and performed in a number of amateur pantomimes with a group of like-minded health workers called the Bolton Health Performers.", "Bluegill __knowledge__ The bluegill (\"Lepomis macrochirus\") is a species of freshwater fish sometimes referred to as bream, brim, or copper nose.", "Bluegill __knowledge__ It is a member of the sunfish family Centrarchidae of the order Perciformes.", "Bluegill __knowledge__ It is native to North America and lives in streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds.", "Bluegill __knowledge__ It is commonly found east of the Rockies.", "Bluegill __knowledge__ It usually hides around, and inside, old tree stumps and other underwater structures.", "Bluegill __knowledge__ It can live in either deep or very shallow water, and will often move back and forth, depending on the time of day or season.", "Bluegill __knowledge__ Bluegills also like to find shelter among water plants and in the shade of trees along banks.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ This is the list of both known major and minor characters for the animated television series \"Di-Gata Defenders\".", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ Some of them have magical abilities.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ At the age of fourteen, Seth is the leader of the Di-Gata defenders.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He is skilled, confident, charismatic, creative, and decisive.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ However, he is also impatient in battle and headstrong.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He also likes to eat, which he can do with his eyes closed, and tends to succumb to nausea more than the others due to his weak stomach.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He controls the Nova Stone, a powerful Champion Stone which once belonged to his father.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ As the leader of the Defenders, he tries to be careful with those he trusts, for the past errors they have had (especially with Kali).", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ The common minke whale or northern minke whale (\"Balaenoptera acutorostrata\") is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ It is the smallest member of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ Although first ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it began to be exploited by various countries beginning in the early 20th century.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ As other species declined larger numbers of common minke whales were caught, largely for their meat.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ It is now one of the primary targets of the whaling industry.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ There is a dwarf form in the Southern Hemisphere.", "Fish anatomy __knowledge__ Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fishes.", "Fish anatomy __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish.", "Fish anatomy __knowledge__ In practice, fish anatomy and fish physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or component parts and how they are put together, such as might be observed on the dissecting table or under the microscope, and the latter dealing with how those components function together in living fish.", "Fish anatomy __knowledge__ The anatomy of fish is often shaped by the physical characteristics of water, the medium in which fish live.", "Teleost __knowledge__ The teleosts or Teleostei (Greek: \"teleios\", \"complete\" + \"osteon\", \"bone\") are by far the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, and make up 96% of all extant species of fish.", "Teleost __knowledge__ This diverse group arose in the Triassic period, and members are arranged in about 40 orders and 448 families.", "Teleost __knowledge__ Over 26,000 species have been described.", "Teleost __knowledge__ Teleosts range from giant oarfish measuring or more, and ocean sunfish weighing over , to the minute male anglerfish \"Photocorynus spiniceps\", just long.", "Teleost __knowledge__ Including not only torpedo-shaped fish built for speed, teleosts can be flattened vertically or horizontally, be elongated cylinders or take specialised shapes as in anglerfish and seahorses.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Marlin fishing (also called billfishing) is considered by some game fishermen to be a pinnacle of offshore game fishing, due to the size and power of the four marlin species and their relative rareness.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Fishing for marlin captured the imagination of some sport fishermen in the 1930s, when well-known angler/authors Zane Grey, who fished for black, striped, and blue marlin in the Pacific, and Ernest Hemingway, who fished the Florida Keys, Bahamas and Cuba for Atlantic blue marlin and white marlin, wrote extensively about their pursuit and enthused about the sporting qualities of their quarry.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ These days a lot of resources are committed to the construction of private and charter billfishing boats to participate in the billfishing tournament circuit.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly fishing tackle comprises the fishing tackle or equipment typically used by fly anglers.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly fishing tackle includes: Fly rods normally vary between 2 m (6 ft) and 4 m (13 ft) in length with the most common length sold being 2.74 m (9 ft).", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Rod lengths are typically given in imperial measurements of feet and inches.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly rods and lines are designated as to their \"weight\", typically written as Nwt where 'N' is the number (\"e.g.\"", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ 8wt, 9wt, 10wt).", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Rods are matched to the line according to weight.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ The rod's manufacturer will mark on the rod the fly line weights for which a rod has been designed.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ One-weight (1wt) rods and lines are the lightest; the weight designations increase in whole number increments as the rod becomes heavier." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Almost any equipment or gear used for fishing can be called fishing tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Some examples are hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders and tackle boxes.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Gear that is attached to the end of a fishing line is called terminal tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This includes hooks, leaders, swivels, sinkers, floats, split rings and wire, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners and clevises to attach spinner blades to fishing lures.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Sometimes the term fishing rig is used for a completed assembly of tackle ready for fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle can be contrasted with fishing techniques.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle refers to the physical equipment that is used when fishing, whereas fishing techniques refers to the manner in which the tackle is used when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ The term \"tackle\", with the meaning \"apparatus for fishing\", has been in use from 1398 AD.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is also called fishing gear.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ However the term fishing gear is more usually used in the context of commercial fishing, whereas fishing tackle is more often used in the context of recreational fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This article covers equipment used by recreational fishermen.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ Mullion Cove or Porth Mellin is a small community on the west coast of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is on the eastern side of the Mount's Bay.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ The Cove forms part of the parish of Mullion, and is accessible by road from Mullion village, away to the north east, and also by the popular South West coast path.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It lies within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) The Cove is south of Porthleven and southeast of Penzance by sea.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is south of Helston by land and southwest of Falmouth by land.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ In 1937 a stretch of the coast from Mullion Cove to Predannack was preserved for the nation with the help of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England (CPRE) and the National Trust.", "Callinectes sapidus __knowledge__ Callinectes sapidus (from the Greek ' = \"beautiful\", ' = \"swimmer\", and Latin ' = \"savory\"), the blue crab, Atlantic blue crab, or regionally as the Chesapeake blue crab, is a species of crab native to the waters of the western Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, and introduced internationally.", "Callinectes sapidus __knowledge__ \"C. sapidus\" is of significant culinary and economic importance in the United States, particularly in Louisiana, North Carolina, the Chesapeake Bay, and New Jersey.", "Callinectes sapidus __knowledge__ It is the Maryland state crustacean and is that state's largest commercial fishery.", "Callinectes sapidus __knowledge__ \"Callinectes sapidus\" is a decapod crab of the swimming crab family Portunidae.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ Deadliest Catch is a documentary television series produced by Original Productions for the Discovery Channel.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ It portrays the real life events aboard fishing vessels in the Bering Sea during the Alaskan king crab, opilio crab and bairdi crab fishing seasons.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ The Aleutian Islands port of Dutch Harbor, Alaska, is the base of operations for the fishing fleet.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ The show's title derives from the inherent high risk of injury or death associated with the work.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Catch\" premiered on the Discovery Channel on April 12, 2005, and currently airs in over 200 countries.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ The first season consisted of ten episodes, with the finale airing on June 14, 2005.", "Crab trap __knowledge__ Crab traps are used to bait, lure, and catch crabs for commercial or recreational use.", "Crab trap __knowledge__ Crabbing or crab fishing is the recreational hobby and commercial occupation of fishing for crabs.", "Crab trap __knowledge__ Different types of traps are used depending on the type of crab being fished for, geographic location, and personal preference.", "Crab trap __knowledge__ Crab has been a viable food source since Native Americans lived and fished on the Delmarva Peninsula.", "Crab trap __knowledge__ The Chesapeake Bay, which is known for their Chesapeake Bay blue crabs (\"Callinectes sapidus\") derives its name from \"Chesepiook\", a Susquehannock tribe word that means \"Great Water\".", "Crab trap __knowledge__ These Susquehannock natives led European settlers to some of the best places to catch crabs.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ A fishing rod is a long, flexible rod used to catch fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ At its simplest, a fishing rod is a simple stick or pole attached to a line ending in a hook (formerly known as an \"angle\", hence the term angling).", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The length of the rod can vary between .", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ To entice fish, bait or lures are impaled on one or more hooks attached to the line.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The line is generally stored on a reel which reduces tangles and assists in landing a fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ Traditionally rods are made from bamboo, while contemporary rods are usually made from fibreglass or carbon fibre.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ In contrast with nets, which are usually used in subsistence and commercial fishing, fishing rods are more often used in recreational fishing and competitive casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ A fishing reel is a cylindrical device attached to a fishing rod used in winding and stowing line.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ Modern fishing reels usually have fittings aiding in casting for distance and accuracy, as well as retrieving line.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ Fishing reels are traditionally used in the recreational sport of angling and competitive casting.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ They are typically attached to a fishing rod, though some specialized reels are mounted directly to boat gunwales or transoms.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ The fishing reel was invented in Song dynasty China, where the earliest known illustration of a fishing reel is from Chinese paintings and records beginning about 1195 AD.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is the equipment used by fishermen when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Almost any equipment or gear used for fishing can be called fishing tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Some examples are hooks, lines, sinkers, floats, rods, reels, baits, lures, spears, nets, gaffs, traps, waders and tackle boxes.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Gear that is attached to the end of a fishing line is called terminal tackle.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This includes hooks, leaders, swivels, sinkers, floats, split rings and wire, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners and clevises to attach spinner blades to fishing lures.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Sometimes the term fishing rig is used for a completed assembly of tackle ready for fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle can be contrasted with fishing techniques.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle refers to the physical equipment that is used when fishing, whereas fishing techniques refers to the manner in which the tackle is used when fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ The term \"tackle\", with the meaning \"apparatus for fishing\", has been in use from 1398 AD.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fishing tackle is also called fishing gear.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ However the term fishing gear is more usually used in the context of commercial fishing, whereas fishing tackle is more often used in the context of recreational fishing.", "Fishing tackle __knowledge__ This article covers equipment used by recreational fishermen.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ Deadliest Catch is a documentary television series produced by Original Productions for the Discovery Channel.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ It portrays the real life events aboard fishing vessels in the Bering Sea during the Alaskan king crab, opilio crab and bairdi crab fishing seasons.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ The Aleutian Islands port of Dutch Harbor, Alaska, is the base of operations for the fishing fleet.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ The show's title derives from the inherent high risk of injury or death associated with the work.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Catch\" premiered on the Discovery Channel on April 12, 2005, and currently airs in over 200 countries.", "Deadliest Catch __knowledge__ The first season consisted of ten episodes, with the finale airing on June 14, 2005.", "List of Deadliest Catch episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Deadliest Catch\" episodes with original airdate on Discovery Channel.", "List of Deadliest Catch episodes __knowledge__ Airdates on Discovery Channel Canada generally differ.", "List of Deadliest Catch episodes __knowledge__ \"After the Catch\" is a mini-series that aired following or during the main \"Deadliest Catch\" seasons from 2007 to 2012.", "List of Deadliest Catch episodes __knowledge__ It primarily consists of roundtable discussions between the captains about their experiences as featured on the show, and after the season ended.", "List of Deadliest Catch episodes __knowledge__ \"After the Catch III-VI\" also include vignettes of the captains taking part in various activities where taping happened (like in the San Diego area during \"After the Catch III\").", "List of Deadliest Catch episodes __knowledge__ \"After the Catch\" uses the same opening credits as \"Deadliest Catch\" except for the title and theme music.", "FV Cornelia Marie __knowledge__ The FV \"Cornelia Marie\" was one of the commercial crab fishing boats featured on the Discovery Channel series \"Deadliest Catch\".", "FV Cornelia Marie __knowledge__ The boat was formerly owned by Cornelia Marie Devlin (formerly Collins) and prior to his death, Phil Harris (who served as captain).", "FV Cornelia Marie __knowledge__ Phil's son, Josh Harris, recently purchased the boat and began fishing with it during the 2014 Opilio Crab season.", "FV Cornelia Marie __knowledge__ The FV \"Cornelia Marie\" returned to the Discovery Channel's program \"Deadliest Catch\" in the 8th episode of the 10th season.", "FV Cornelia Marie __knowledge__ Her current home port is Kodiak, Alaska.", "FV Cornelia Marie __knowledge__ In early 2015, the Cornelia Marie had a 50% stake sold to two new owners, who repowered the boat with new diesels and repaired her structure.", "Mike Rowe __knowledge__ Michael Gregory Rowe (born March 18, 1962) is an American actor primarily known as a television host and narrator.", "Mike Rowe __knowledge__ He is known for his work on the Discovery Channel series \"Dirty Jobs\" and the CNN series \"Somebody's Gotta Do It\".", "Mike Rowe __knowledge__ He also hosts a podcast, \"The Way I Heard It with Mike Rowe\", which he describes as \"short stories designed specifically for the curious mind plagued with a short attention span\".", "Mike Rowe __knowledge__ Rowe hosts a series produced for Facebook called \"Returning the Favor\", Rowe finds people doing good deeds and does something for them in return.", "Mike Rowe __knowledge__ Rowe has narrated programs on the Discovery Channel, The Science Channel and National Geographic Channel such as \"Deadliest Catch\", \"How the Universe Works\", and \"Shark Week\".", "Discovery Channel __knowledge__ Discovery Channel (known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel (which is also delivered via IPTV, terrestrial television and internet television in other parts of the world) that is the flagship television property of Discovery Communications, a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav.", "Discovery Channel __knowledge__ , Discovery Channel is the third most widely distributed cable channel in the United States, behind TBS and The Weather Channel; it is available in 409 million households worldwide, through its U.S. flagship channel and its various owned or licensed television channels internationally.", "Decker Watson __knowledge__ Decker Watson (born Richard Decker Watson, Jr.) is an advertising creative director turned television executive producer.", "Decker Watson __knowledge__ With a career built chronicling the world’s deadliest professions, Watson honed his skills over land, air and sea in remote locales from Alaska's arctic to the Indian Himalayas.", "Decker Watson __knowledge__ Watson is best known for television shows such as Deadliest Catch (Discovery), Ice Road Truckers, IRT: Deadliest Roads (both History), Swords: Life On The Line (Discovery), Black Gold (TruTV), The Baja 1000 (Feature Film), Championship Off Road Racing (NBC) and The Hills (MTV).", "Decker Watson __knowledge__ As the executive producer of Deadliest Catch Watson has overseen more than 100 hours of highly rated television; often the most watched of the night broadcast.", "Phil Harris (fisherman) __knowledge__ Phillip Charles \"Phil\" Harris (December 19, 1956 – February 9, 2010) was an American captain and part owner of the crab fishing vessel \"Cornelia Marie\", which is featured on Discovery Channel's documentary reality TV series \"Deadliest Catch\".", "Phil Harris (fisherman) __knowledge__ He suffered a massive stroke while offloading \"C. opilio\" crab in port at Saint Paul Island, Alaska, on January 29, 2010.", "Phil Harris (fisherman) __knowledge__ Despite extreme improvements in his condition, Harris died on February 9, 2010 at the age of 53, while suffering a pulmonary embolism in the hospital.", "Phil Harris (fisherman) __knowledge__ The episode of \"Deadliest Catch\" featuring the Captain's death aired on July 20, 2010, followed by a special tribute episode.", "Arthropod __knowledge__ An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον \"arthron\", \"joint\" and πούς \"pous\", \"foot\") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.", "Arthropod __knowledge__ Arthropods form the phylum Euarthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans.", "Arthropod __knowledge__ The term Arthropoda as originally proposed refers to a proposed grouping of Euarthropods and the phylum Onychophora.", "Arthropod __knowledge__ Arthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate.", "Arthropod __knowledge__ The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ Mullion Cove or Porth Mellin is a small community on the west coast of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is on the eastern side of the Mount's Bay.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ The Cove forms part of the parish of Mullion, and is accessible by road from Mullion village, away to the north east, and also by the popular South West coast path.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It lies within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) The Cove is south of Porthleven and southeast of Penzance by sea.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is south of Helston by land and southwest of Falmouth by land.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ In 1937 a stretch of the coast from Mullion Cove to Predannack was preserved for the nation with the help of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England (CPRE) and the National Trust.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ The Imperial Roman army are the terrestrial armed forces deployed by the Roman Empire from about 30 BC to 476 AD.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ This period is sometimes split into the Principate (30 BC – 284 AD) and Dominate (285–476) periods.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ Under Augustus (ruled 30 BC – 14 AD), the army consisted of \"legions\", eventually \"auxilia\" and also \"numeri\".", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ As all-citizen formations, and symbolic protectors of the dominance of the Italian \"master-nation\", legions enjoyed greater social prestige than the auxilia for much of the Principate.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ This was reflected in better pay and benefits.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ In addition, legionaries were equipped with more expensive and protective armour than auxiliaries, notably the \"lorica segmentata\", or laminated-strip armour.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Coconut crab __knowledge__ The coconut crab (\"Birgus latro\") is a species of terrestrial hermit crab, also known as the robber crab or palm thief.", "Coconut crab __knowledge__ It is the largest land-living arthropod in the world, and is probably at the upper size limit for terrestrial animals with exoskeletons in recent times, with a weight of up to .", "Coconut crab __knowledge__ It can grow to up to in length from leg to leg.", "Coconut crab __knowledge__ It is found on Indonesia, islands across the Indian Ocean and parts of the Pacific Ocean as far east as the Gambier Islands mirroring the distribution of the coconut palm; it has been extirpated from most areas with a significant human population, including mainland Australia and Madagascar." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 9, 13 ]

[ "You mean the equipment people use when they go fishing? That fishing tackle I happen to know a lot about! Do yo u ever fish?", "Cool, yeah where I'm from people fish a lot. Pretty much any gear used for fishing is fishing tackle. I have a bunch of it. What type of fish?", "Ah okay! Did you use some hooks, rod, reel, lures, nets, gaff? Any of that tackle to chat them?", "Yes I would assume so! The word \"tackle\" technically means \"apparatus for fishing\". The term has been used since 1398 AD. Although isn't a crab an arthropod? ", "Ah yes, the documentary show on the Discovery Channel. I'd love to try crab fishing some time even though it's super dangerous." ]

[ "Fishing tackle", "Fishing tackle", "Fishing tackle", "Fishing tackle", "Fishing tackle" ]

[ "Budweiser\nI enjoy a cold Budweiser occasionally.", "It tastes good. Do you know where was Budweiser founded?", "Do you know if it is the best-selling beer in the United States?", "I wonder who was the founder of Budweiser. Any idea?", "Do you know if he an American or an immigrant?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Budweiser () is an American-style pale lager produced by Anheuser-Busch, currently part of the transnational corporation Anheuser-Busch InBev.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Introduced in 1876 by Carl Conrad & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, it has grown to become one of the largest selling beers in the United States, and is available in over 80 markets worldwidethough, due to a trademark dispute, not necessarily under the Budweiser name.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Produced in various breweries around the world, Budweiser is a filtered beer available in draft and packaged forms.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Anheuser–Busch has been involved in a trademark dispute with European beer companies, in particular the Budweiser Budvar Brewery of České Budějovice, Czech Republic, over the trademark rights to the name \"Budweiser\".", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed in České Budějovice (known as \"Budweis\" in German) since it was founded by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1245.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ The name Budweiser is a derivative adjective, meaning \"of Budweis\".", "Budweiser __knowledge__ In 1876, Adolphus Busch and his friend Carl Conrad, a liquor importer, developed a \"Bohemian-style\" lager in the United States, inspired after a trip to the region.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ In the European Union, excluding the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Sweden, Finland and Spain, the American beer is marketed as \"Bud\", as the Budweiser trademark name is owned solely by the Czech beer maker, Budweiser Budvar.", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Raja yogas are \"Shubha\" ('auspicious') \"yogas\" that give success and a grand rise in career or business, and a greater degree of financial prosperity particularly during the \"dasha\" of the planets that give rise to \"Raja yogas\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ However, these results get adversely modified by the presence of other \"Ashubha\" ('inauspicious') \"Arista yogas\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Basically, the Yoga or Raja yoga-causing planets during the course of their respective dashas confer their most auspicious results if they happen to own the lagna-bhava (the Ascendant) or the Suta-bhava (the 5th house) or the Bhagyasthana (the 9th house); the person remains healthy, wealthy, happy and successful enjoying yoga and Raja yoga results in case the lagna, the 3rd, the 6th, the 8th, the 9th and the 12th houses counted from the lagna are also not occupied by any planet, and the kendras (quadrants) are occupied only by benefic planets.", "Yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ As per Jyotisa a Yoga is given rise to when one planet, sign or house is related to another of the same kind or different kind by way of placement, aspect or conjunction.", "Yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ It is the active consideration of planetary yogas and the active consideration of the planetary Dashas i.e.", "Yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ directional effects, which are the two most important factors that distinguish Hindu astrology from Western astrology.", "Yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Laghu Parashari is the concise main version of the predictive side of the Hora Shastra, and the Parashari System is most widely followed, having stood the test of time and because it is simple and unambiguous.", "Nabhasa yoga __knowledge__ Nabhasa (Sanskrit: नाभास) means celestial or heavenly or appearing in the sky.", "Nabhasa yoga __knowledge__ In Hindu astrology, the Nabhasa yogas refer to the different arrangements of all seven of the planets in the celestial realm.", "Nabhasa yoga __knowledge__ The names of the Nabhasa yogas depend on the shape formed by the seven planets (the two Lunar-nodes which are invisible mathematical points are not connected with this scheme).", "Nabhasa yoga __knowledge__ The Nabhasa yogas are planetary configurations which give an overall view of a person’s life; they indicate the pattern of life, inclinations, strong points and weaknesses, and are not dependent upon planetary lordships, conjunctions and aspects etc.", "Dainya yoga __knowledge__ Dainya yogas, along with \"Khala yogas\", Mantreswara in his Phaladeepika (vide verses VI.32-34) states, are inauspicious planetary combinations.", "Dainya yoga __knowledge__ Those born with Dainya yogas emerge as fools i.e.", "Dainya yoga __knowledge__ not intelligent, they insult and speak ill of others, they are bad in conduct and behaviour, suffer at the hands of their opponents or foes, are of unsteady mind whose own actions create hurdles and problems in all works commenced by them.", "Dainya yoga __knowledge__ Those born with Khala yogas exhibit good and bad traits in their conduct, speech and behaviour; and also experience good fortune and bad fortune, both.", "Dainya yoga __knowledge__ Dainya yogas and Khala yogas affect good fortune and prosperity; they make a negative impact on people.", "Sanyasa yoga __knowledge__ Sanyasa yoga in Hindu astrology are the peculiar planetary situations or combinations seen in certain horoscopes that indicate Sanyasa i.e.", "Sanyasa yoga __knowledge__ renunciation of worldly material life by persons born with those yogas.", "Sanyasa yoga __knowledge__ Sanyasa yogas are also known as \"Pravrajya yogas\".", "Sanyasa yoga __knowledge__ Sanyasa, this word is mentioned for the first time in the Mundaka Upanishad, it is the path of renunciation.", "Sanyasa yoga __knowledge__ A \"Sanyasi\" is one who has risen above the mundane ambitions of a householder and also the silence and penance of a recluse.", "Sanyasa yoga __knowledge__ According to the Bhagavad Gita, \"Sanyasa\" means relinquishment of actions arising from desires, and \"Tyaga\" means relinquishment of fruit of all actions.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Budweiser () is an American-style pale lager produced by Anheuser-Busch, currently part of the transnational corporation Anheuser-Busch InBev.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Introduced in 1876 by Carl Conrad & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, it has grown to become one of the largest selling beers in the United States, and is available in over 80 markets worldwidethough, due to a trademark dispute, not necessarily under the Budweiser name.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Produced in various breweries around the world, Budweiser is a filtered beer available in draft and packaged forms.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Anheuser–Busch has been involved in a trademark dispute with European beer companies, in particular the Budweiser Budvar Brewery of České Budějovice, Czech Republic, over the trademark rights to the name \"Budweiser\".", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed in České Budějovice (known as \"Budweis\" in German) since it was founded by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1245.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ The name Budweiser is a derivative adjective, meaning \"of Budweis\".", "Budweiser __knowledge__ In 1876, Adolphus Busch and his friend Carl Conrad, a liquor importer, developed a \"Bohemian-style\" lager in the United States, inspired after a trip to the region.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ In the European Union, excluding the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Sweden, Finland and Spain, the American beer is marketed as \"Bud\", as the Budweiser trademark name is owned solely by the Czech beer maker, Budweiser Budvar.", "Winston tastes good like a cigarette should __knowledge__ \"Winston tastes good like a cigarette should\" is an enduring slogan that appeared in newspaper, magazine, radio, and television advertisements for Winston cigarettes from the brand's introduction in 1954 until 1972.", "Winston tastes good like a cigarette should __knowledge__ It is one of the best-known American tobacco advertising campaigns.", "Winston tastes good like a cigarette should __knowledge__ In 1999, \"Advertising Age\" ranked the jingle eighth-best out of all the radio and television jingles that aired in the United States in the 20th century.", "Winston tastes good like a cigarette should __knowledge__ The deliberate use of \"like\" rather than \"as\" was provided by advertising agency William Esty Co., and the overall campaign was directed by Esty executives Wendell Adams and Arline Lunny, Lunny serving as producer/director of most of the visual and recording production related to the campaign in its initial years.", "Rational consequence relation __knowledge__ In logic, a rational consequence relation is a non-monotonic consequence relation satisfying certain properties listed below.", "Rational consequence relation __knowledge__ A rational consequence relation formula_1 satisfies: and the so-called Gabbay-Makinson rules: The rational consequence relation is non-monotonic, and the relation formula_9 is intended to carry the meaning \"theta usually implies phi\" or \"phi usually follows from theta\".", "Rational consequence relation __knowledge__ In this sense it is more useful for modeling some everyday situations than a monotone consequence relation because the latter relation models facts in a more strict boolean fashion - something either follows under all circumstances or it does not.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ Anheuser-Busch, a wholly owned subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, is the largest brewing company in the United States, with a market share of 45 percent in 2016.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ The company operates 12 breweries in the United States and nearly 20 in other countries, which increased recently since Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV acquired SABMiller.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ Brands include \"Budweiser\", \"Busch\", \"Michelob\", \"Bud Light\", and \"Natural Light\".", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ \"Budweiser\" is a 5.0% ABV Adjunct pale lager introduced in 1876 by Adolphus Busch and has become one of the best selling beers in the United States.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste, along with smell (olfaction) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food or other substances.", "Taste __knowledge__ Humans have taste receptors on taste buds (gustatory calyculi) and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis.", "Taste __knowledge__ The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste.", "Budweiser Budvar Brewery __knowledge__ Budweiser Budvar (; ; \"Budvar from Budweis\") Brewery, located in the Czech city of České Budějovice () is best known for its original Budweiser or Budweiser Budvar pale lager brewed in accordance with the 1516 \"Reinheitsgebot\" law using artesian water, Moravian barley and Saaz hops.", "Budweiser Budvar Brewery __knowledge__ The state-owned brewery and its Budweiser pale lager have been engaged in a dispute with Anheuser-Busch, a brewery in the United States, over the right to market and sell the beer under the name \"Budweiser\" since the start of the 20th century.", "Budweiser Budvar Brewery __knowledge__ The brewery is incorporated as Budějovický Budvar, národní podnik (\"Budweiser Budvar, national corporation\").", "Super Bowl commercials __knowledge__ The U.S. television broadcast of the Super Bowl – the championship game of the National Football League (NFL) – features many high-profile television commercials, colloquially known as Super Bowl ads.", "Super Bowl commercials __knowledge__ The phenomenon is a result of the game's extremely high viewership and wide demographics: Super Bowl games have frequently been among the United States' most watched television broadcasts, with Nielsen having estimated that Super Bowl XLIX in 2015 was seen by at least 114.4 million viewers in the United States, surpassing the previous year's Super Bowl as the highest-rated television broadcast in U.S. history.", "Anheuser-Busch __knowledge__ Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC is a brewing company based in St. Louis, Missouri USA and headquartered in Leuven, Belgium.", "Anheuser-Busch __knowledge__ Since 2008, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev) which also has its North American regional management headquarters in St. Louis.", "Anheuser-Busch __knowledge__ The original Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev) was formed through successive mergers of three international brewing groups: Interbrew from Belgium, AmBev from Brazil and Anheuser-Busch.", "Anheuser-Busch __knowledge__ Hence, since 2008, Anheuser-Busch has been a division of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, now the world's largest brewing company.", "Anheuser-Busch __knowledge__ The company employs over 30,000 people, operates 12 breweries in the United States, and until December 2009, was one of the largest theme park operators in the United States, with ten theme parks through the company's family entertainment division, Busch Entertainment Corporation.", "Budweiser trademark dispute __knowledge__ The Budweiser trademark dispute is an ongoing series of legal disputes between two beer companies who claim trademark and geographic origin rights to the name \"Budweiser\".", "Budweiser trademark dispute __knowledge__ The dispute has been ongoing since 1907, and has involved more than 100 court cases around the world.", "Budweiser trademark dispute __knowledge__ Beer brewing in the city of České Budějovice (), which was then in the Kingdom of Bohemia and is now in the Czech Republic, dates back to the 13th century, when the city was granted brewing rights during the reign of Ottokar II of Bohemia.", "Budweiser trademark dispute __knowledge__ During the time when both Czech and German were official languages in the kingdom, two breweries were founded in the city.", "Budweiser Clydesdales __knowledge__ The Budweiser Clydesdales are a group of Clydesdale horses used for promotions and commercials by the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Company.", "Budweiser Clydesdales __knowledge__ There are several \"hitches\" or teams of horses, that travel around the United States and others that remain in their official homes at the company headquarters at the Anheuser-Busch brewery complex in St. Louis, Missouri, or at Merrimack, New Hampshire.", "Budweiser Clydesdales __knowledge__ At St. Louis, they are housed in a historic brick and stained-glass stable built in 1885.", "Budweiser Clydesdales __knowledge__ There are eight horses driven at any one time, but ten horses are on each team to provide alternates for the hitch when needed." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Budweiser () is an American-style pale lager produced by Anheuser-Busch, currently part of the transnational corporation Anheuser-Busch InBev.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Introduced in 1876 by Carl Conrad & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, it has grown to become one of the largest selling beers in the United States, and is available in over 80 markets worldwidethough, due to a trademark dispute, not necessarily under the Budweiser name.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Produced in various breweries around the world, Budweiser is a filtered beer available in draft and packaged forms.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Anheuser–Busch has been involved in a trademark dispute with European beer companies, in particular the Budweiser Budvar Brewery of České Budějovice, Czech Republic, over the trademark rights to the name \"Budweiser\".", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed in České Budějovice (known as \"Budweis\" in German) since it was founded by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1245.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ The name Budweiser is a derivative adjective, meaning \"of Budweis\".", "Budweiser __knowledge__ In 1876, Adolphus Busch and his friend Carl Conrad, a liquor importer, developed a \"Bohemian-style\" lager in the United States, inspired after a trip to the region.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ In the European Union, excluding the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Sweden, Finland and Spain, the American beer is marketed as \"Bud\", as the Budweiser trademark name is owned solely by the Czech beer maker, Budweiser Budvar.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ Beer in Mexico has a long history.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ While Mesoamerican cultures knew of fermented alcoholic beverages, including a corn beer, long before the Spanish conquest, European style beer brewed with barley was introduced with the Spanish soon after Hernán Cortés’s arrival.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ Production of this beer here was limited during the colonial period due to the lack of materials and severe restrictions and taxes placed on the product by Spanish authorities.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ After the Mexican War of Independence, these restrictions disappeared, and the industry was permitted to develop.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ Furthermore, the arrival of German immigrants and the short-lived empire of Austrian Maximilian I in the 19th century provided the impetus for the opening of many breweries in various parts of the country.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ Brewers Retail Inc. (doing business as The Beer Store), is a Canadian privately owned chain of retail outlets selling beer and other malt beverages in the province of Ontario, Canada, founded in 1927.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ Owned at its inception by a consortium of Ontario-based brewers, it currently operates as a unique open retail and wholesale system jointly owned by 30 Ontario-based brewers.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ Under this ownership model, all qualified brewers are free to list their products without discrimination and set their own selling prices.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ These prices are subject only to basic LCBO price approval which must comply with legislated minimum and uniform pricing requirements.", "Labatt Brewing Company __knowledge__ Labatt Brewing Company Limited () is a Belgian-owned Canadian beer company founded by John Kinder Labatt in 1847 in London, Ontario.", "Labatt Brewing Company __knowledge__ Labatt is the largest brewer in Canada.", "Labatt Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1995, it was purchased by Belgian brewer Interbrew.", "Labatt Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 2004, Interbrew merged with Brazilian brewer AmBev to form InBev.", "Labatt Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 2008, InBev merged with American brewer Anheuser-Busch to form Anheuser-Busch InBev (abbreviated AB InBev), making Labatt Brewing part of Anheuser-Busch InBev.", "Labatt Brewing Company __knowledge__ On October 10, 2016, an over $100 billion merger between Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev) and SABMiller closed.", "Labatt Brewing Company __knowledge__ Labatt is now part of the new company, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, which is trading as BUD on the New York Stock Exchange (ABI:BB in Brussels).", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales, forcing nearly all American breweries to close or switch to producing non-alcoholic products.", "Taiwan Beer __knowledge__ This page has issues.", "Taiwan Beer __knowledge__ Whole sections include no references and it reads like original material, with unsubstantiated facts, not encyclopedic text.", "Taiwan Beer __knowledge__ Taiwan Beer (, or ) is a large-market beer brewed by the Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation (TTL).", "Taiwan Beer __knowledge__ The brand, an icon of Taiwanese culture, began as a monopoly product but has remained the best-selling beer on the island country in the era of free trade.", "Taiwan Beer __knowledge__ The company today known as TTL had its origins in a government agency established by Taiwan's Japanese rulers in 1901.", "Taiwan Beer __knowledge__ The Monopoly Bureau of the Taiwan Governor's Office was responsible for all liquor and tobacco products sold in Taiwan as well as opium, salt, and camphor.", "Beer in the Caribbean __knowledge__ The beers of the Caribbean are unique to each island in the region, although many are variants of the same style.", "Beer in the Caribbean __knowledge__ Each island generally brews its own unique pale lager, the occasional stout, and often a non-alcoholic malta beverage.", "Beer in the Caribbean __knowledge__ Contract-brewing of international beers is also common, with Heineken Pilsener and Guinness Foreign Extra Stout being the most popular.", "Beer in the Caribbean __knowledge__ The beers vary between the islands to suit the taste and the brewing method used.", "Beer in the Caribbean __knowledge__ The national beer of Antigua is Wadadli beer, an alternative name for the island itself.", "Beer in the Caribbean __knowledge__ It is brewed by Antigua Brewery, who also brews international beer and soft drinks under license.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ The history of Missouri begins with settlement of the region by indigenous people during the Paleo-Indian period beginning in about 12,000 BC.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Subsequent periods of native life emerged until the 17th century.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ New France set up small settlements, and in 1803 Napoleonic France sold the area to the U.S. as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Statehood for Missouri came following a compromise in 1820 that allowed slavery.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Settlement was rapid after 1820, aided by a network of rivers navigable by steamboats, centered in the dominant city St. Louis.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ It attracted European immigrants, especially Germans; the business community had a large Yankee element as well.", "Missouri River __knowledge__ The Missouri River is the longest river in North America.", "Missouri River __knowledge__ Rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana, the Missouri flows east and south for before entering the Mississippi River north of St. Louis, Missouri.", "Missouri River __knowledge__ The river takes drainage from a sparsely populated, semi-arid watershed of more than half a million square miles (1,300,000 km), which includes parts of ten U.S. states and two Canadian provinces.", "Missouri River __knowledge__ When combined with the lower Mississippi River, it forms the world's fourth longest river system.", "Missouri River __knowledge__ For over 12,000 years, people have depended on the Missouri River and its tributaries as a source of sustenance and transportation.", "James–Younger Gang __knowledge__ The James–Younger Gang was a notable 19th-century gang of American outlaws that centered around Jesse James and his brother Frank James.", "James–Younger Gang __knowledge__ The gang was based in the state of Missouri, the home of most of the members.", "James–Younger Gang __knowledge__ Membership fluctuated from robbery to robbery, as the outlaws' raids were usually separated by many months.", "James–Younger Gang __knowledge__ As well as the notorious James brothers, at various times it included the Younger brothers (Cole, Jim, John, and Bob), John Jarrett (married to Cole's sister Josie), Arthur McCoy, George Shepard, Oliver Shepard, William McDaniel, Tom McDaniel, Clell Miller, Charlie Pitts (born Samuel A.", "Grant Marsh __knowledge__ Grant Marsh (May 11, 1834 – January, 1916) (also known as Grant P. Marsh, and Grant Prince Marsh) was a riverboat pilot and captain who was noted for his many piloting exploits on the upper Missouri River and the Yellowstone River in Montana from 1862 until 1882.", "Grant Marsh __knowledge__ He served on more than 22 vessels in his long career.", "Grant Marsh __knowledge__ He started his career in 1856 as a cabin boy and continued his career for over 60 years becoming a captain, riverboat pilot and riverboat owner.", "Grant Marsh __knowledge__ During his career he amassed an outstanding record and reputation as a river steamboat pilot and captain.", "Grant Marsh __knowledge__ His piloting exploits became legendary and modern historians refer to him as \"Possibly the greatest steamboat man ever\", \"possibly the greatest [steamboat pilot] ever\", \"possibly the finest riverboat pilot who ever lived\", \"the greatest steamboat master and pilot on both the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers\" After the discovery of gold in Montana Territory in the early 1860s, the Missouri River was the major artery for freight and passengers to go from \"the states\" to Fort Benton, the head of navigation in the territory.", "Battle of Slim Buttes __knowledge__ The Battle of Slim Buttes was fought on September 9 and 10, 1876, in the Great Sioux Reservation in the Dakota Territory, between the United States Army and the Sioux.", "Battle of Slim Buttes __knowledge__ The Battle of Slim Buttes was the first U.S. Army victory of the Great Sioux War of 1876 after George Armstrong Custer's defeat at the Battle of Little Bighorn on June 25 and 26, 1876.", "Battle of Slim Buttes __knowledge__ Brigadier General George Crook, one of the U.S. Army’s ablest Indian fighters, led the \"Horsemeat March,\" one of the most grueling military expeditions in U.S. history, destroying Oglala Chief American Horse’s village at Slim Buttes and repelling a counter-attack by Crazy Horse.", "Great Sioux War of 1876 __knowledge__ The Great Sioux War of 1876, also known as the Black Hills War, was a series of battles and negotiations which occurred between 1876 and 1877 between the Lakota, Sioux, and Northern Cheyenne and the government of the United States.", "Great Sioux War of 1876 __knowledge__ The cause of the war was the desire of the U.S. government to obtain ownership of the Black Hills.", "Great Sioux War of 1876 __knowledge__ Gold had been discovered in the Black Hills, settlers began to encroach onto Native American lands, and the Sioux and Cheyenne refused to cede ownership to the U.S.", "Great Sioux War of 1876 __knowledge__ Traditionally, the United States military and historians place the Lakota at the center of the story, especially given their numbers, but some Indians believe the Cheyenne were the primary target of the U.S. campaign.", "History of St. Louis __knowledge__ The history of St. Louis, Missouri began with the settlement of the St. Louis area by Native American mound builders who lived as part of the Mississippian culture from the 9th century to the 15th century, followed by other migrating tribal groups.", "History of St. Louis __knowledge__ Starting in the late 17th century, French explorers arrived.", "History of St. Louis __knowledge__ Spain took over in 1763 and a trading company led by Pierre Laclede and Auguste Chouteau established the settlement of St. Louis in February 1764.", "History of St. Louis __knowledge__ It attracted French settlers leaving Illinois when Britain took control east of the Mississippi.", "History of St. Louis __knowledge__ The city grew in population due to its location as a trading post on the Mississippi River, as the western fur trade was lucrative." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Budweiser () is an American-style pale lager produced by Anheuser-Busch, currently part of the transnational corporation Anheuser-Busch InBev.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Introduced in 1876 by Carl Conrad & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, it has grown to become one of the largest selling beers in the United States, and is available in over 80 markets worldwidethough, due to a trademark dispute, not necessarily under the Budweiser name.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Produced in various breweries around the world, Budweiser is a filtered beer available in draft and packaged forms.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Anheuser–Busch has been involved in a trademark dispute with European beer companies, in particular the Budweiser Budvar Brewery of České Budějovice, Czech Republic, over the trademark rights to the name \"Budweiser\".", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed in České Budějovice (known as \"Budweis\" in German) since it was founded by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1245.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ The name Budweiser is a derivative adjective, meaning \"of Budweis\".", "Budweiser __knowledge__ In 1876, Adolphus Busch and his friend Carl Conrad, a liquor importer, developed a \"Bohemian-style\" lager in the United States, inspired after a trip to the region.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ In the European Union, excluding the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Sweden, Finland and Spain, the American beer is marketed as \"Bud\", as the Budweiser trademark name is owned solely by the Czech beer maker, Budweiser Budvar.", "Super Bowl commercials __knowledge__ The U.S. television broadcast of the Super Bowl – the championship game of the National Football League (NFL) – features many high-profile television commercials, colloquially known as Super Bowl ads.", "Super Bowl commercials __knowledge__ The phenomenon is a result of the game's extremely high viewership and wide demographics: Super Bowl games have frequently been among the United States' most watched television broadcasts, with Nielsen having estimated that Super Bowl XLIX in 2015 was seen by at least 114.4 million viewers in the United States, surpassing the previous year's Super Bowl as the highest-rated television broadcast in U.S. history.", "Budweiser Budvar Brewery __knowledge__ Budweiser Budvar (; ; \"Budvar from Budweis\") Brewery, located in the Czech city of České Budějovice () is best known for its original Budweiser or Budweiser Budvar pale lager brewed in accordance with the 1516 \"Reinheitsgebot\" law using artesian water, Moravian barley and Saaz hops.", "Budweiser Budvar Brewery __knowledge__ The state-owned brewery and its Budweiser pale lager have been engaged in a dispute with Anheuser-Busch, a brewery in the United States, over the right to market and sell the beer under the name \"Budweiser\" since the start of the 20th century.", "Budweiser Budvar Brewery __knowledge__ The brewery is incorporated as Budějovický Budvar, národní podnik (\"Budweiser Budvar, national corporation\").", "Budweiser Gardens __knowledge__ Budweiser Gardens is a sports-entertainment centre, in London, Ontario, Canada – the largest such centre in southwestern Ontario.", "Budweiser Gardens __knowledge__ Until 2012, it was known as the John Labatt Centre.", "Budweiser Gardens __knowledge__ The John Labatt Centre, which opened on October 11, 2002, was named after John Labatt, founder of the Labatt brewery in London.", "Budweiser Gardens __knowledge__ Labatt still has a large brewery in London to the present day, although its head office was moved to Toronto in the early 1990s.", "Budweiser Gardens __knowledge__ The John Labatt Centre's name was changed to Budweiser Gardens in Fall 2012, as approved by London City Council on Tuesday, June 26, 2012 with a vote of 12-3.", "Budweiser Gardens __knowledge__ The centre was built, in part, to be the new downtown home of London's Ontario Hockey League team, the London Knights, replacing the 40-year-old London Ice House in the south end of the city, near Highway 401.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ Anheuser-Busch, a wholly owned subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, is the largest brewing company in the United States, with a market share of 45 percent in 2016.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ The company operates 12 breweries in the United States and nearly 20 in other countries, which increased recently since Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV acquired SABMiller.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ Brands include \"Budweiser\", \"Busch\", \"Michelob\", \"Bud Light\", and \"Natural Light\".", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ \"Budweiser\" is a 5.0% ABV Adjunct pale lager introduced in 1876 by Adolphus Busch and has become one of the best selling beers in the United States.", "Anheuser-Busch brands __knowledge__ It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.", "Anheuser-Busch __knowledge__ Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC is a brewing company based in St. Louis, Missouri USA and headquartered in Leuven, Belgium.", "Anheuser-Busch __knowledge__ Since 2008, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev) which also has its North American regional management headquarters in St. Louis.", "Anheuser-Busch __knowledge__ The original Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev) was formed through successive mergers of three international brewing groups: Interbrew from Belgium, AmBev from Brazil and Anheuser-Busch.", "Anheuser-Busch __knowledge__ Hence, since 2008, Anheuser-Busch has been a division of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, now the world's largest brewing company.", "Anheuser-Busch __knowledge__ The company employs over 30,000 people, operates 12 breweries in the United States, and until December 2009, was one of the largest theme park operators in the United States, with ten theme parks through the company's family entertainment division, Busch Entertainment Corporation.", "Budweiser trademark dispute __knowledge__ The Budweiser trademark dispute is an ongoing series of legal disputes between two beer companies who claim trademark and geographic origin rights to the name \"Budweiser\".", "Budweiser trademark dispute __knowledge__ The dispute has been ongoing since 1907, and has involved more than 100 court cases around the world.", "Budweiser trademark dispute __knowledge__ Beer brewing in the city of České Budějovice (), which was then in the Kingdom of Bohemia and is now in the Czech Republic, dates back to the 13th century, when the city was granted brewing rights during the reign of Ottokar II of Bohemia.", "Budweiser trademark dispute __knowledge__ During the time when both Czech and German were official languages in the kingdom, two breweries were founded in the city.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ Beer in Mexico has a long history.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ While Mesoamerican cultures knew of fermented alcoholic beverages, including a corn beer, long before the Spanish conquest, European style beer brewed with barley was introduced with the Spanish soon after Hernán Cortés’s arrival.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ Production of this beer here was limited during the colonial period due to the lack of materials and severe restrictions and taxes placed on the product by Spanish authorities.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ After the Mexican War of Independence, these restrictions disappeared, and the industry was permitted to develop.", "Beer in Mexico __knowledge__ Furthermore, the arrival of German immigrants and the short-lived empire of Austrian Maximilian I in the 19th century provided the impetus for the opening of many breweries in various parts of the country.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ Brewers Retail Inc. (doing business as The Beer Store), is a Canadian privately owned chain of retail outlets selling beer and other malt beverages in the province of Ontario, Canada, founded in 1927.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ Owned at its inception by a consortium of Ontario-based brewers, it currently operates as a unique open retail and wholesale system jointly owned by 30 Ontario-based brewers.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ Under this ownership model, all qualified brewers are free to list their products without discrimination and set their own selling prices.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ These prices are subject only to basic LCBO price approval which must comply with legislated minimum and uniform pricing requirements.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales, forcing nearly all American breweries to close or switch to producing non-alcoholic products.", "San Miguel Beer __knowledge__ San Miguel Beer refers to San Miguel Pale Pilsen, a Filipino pale lager produced by San Miguel Brewery (a subsidiary of San Miguel Corporation).", "San Miguel Beer __knowledge__ Established in 1890 by the original San Miguel Brewery (renamed San Miguel Corporation in 1964), it is the largest selling beer in the Philippines and Hong Kong.", "San Miguel Beer __knowledge__ It is known in Chinese as 生力啤酒.", "San Miguel Beer __knowledge__ San Miguel Beer was introduced in Spain by San Miguel Brewery in 1946.", "San Miguel Beer __knowledge__ In 1953, its Spanish rights were spun-off by San Miguel Brewery and became an independent entity presently known as the Mahou-San Miguel Group.", "San Miguel Beer __knowledge__ As part of its overseas expansion, San Miguel began its foray into the Spanish market in 1953, setting up the company which would later become San Miguel Spain." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Budweiser () is an American-style pale lager produced by Anheuser-Busch, currently part of the transnational corporation Anheuser-Busch InBev.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Introduced in 1876 by Carl Conrad & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, it has grown to become one of the largest selling beers in the United States, and is available in over 80 markets worldwidethough, due to a trademark dispute, not necessarily under the Budweiser name.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ It is made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Produced in various breweries around the world, Budweiser is a filtered beer available in draft and packaged forms.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Anheuser–Busch has been involved in a trademark dispute with European beer companies, in particular the Budweiser Budvar Brewery of České Budějovice, Czech Republic, over the trademark rights to the name \"Budweiser\".", "Budweiser __knowledge__ Beer has been brewed in České Budějovice (known as \"Budweis\" in German) since it was founded by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1245.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ The name Budweiser is a derivative adjective, meaning \"of Budweis\".", "Budweiser __knowledge__ In 1876, Adolphus Busch and his friend Carl Conrad, a liquor importer, developed a \"Bohemian-style\" lager in the United States, inspired after a trip to the region.", "Budweiser __knowledge__ In the European Union, excluding the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Sweden, Finland and Spain, the American beer is marketed as \"Bud\", as the Budweiser trademark name is owned solely by the Czech beer maker, Budweiser Budvar.", "Inequality within immigrant families in the United States __knowledge__ Inequality within immigrant families refers to instances in which members of the same family have differing access to resources.", "Inequality within immigrant families in the United States __knowledge__ Much literature focuses on inequality between families, but inequality often exists within families as well.", "Inequality within immigrant families in the United States __knowledge__ Though within-family inequality is not unique to immigrant families, the processes of migration and assimilation into American society provide new channels through which such inequality may emerge.", "Inequality within immigrant families in the United States __knowledge__ Immigrants to the United States vary widely in terms of their citizenship status.", "Inequality within immigrant families in the United States __knowledge__ Some immigrants may lack documentation altogether.", "Inequality within immigrant families in the United States __knowledge__ An individual’s legal status in the United States determines many of the resources available to him or her.", "Immigration to the United States __knowledge__ Immigration to the United States is the international movement of individuals who are not natives or do not possess citizenship in order to settle, reside, study or to take-up employment in the United States.", "Immigration to the United States __knowledge__ It has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States.", "Immigration to the United States __knowledge__ The United States has a larger immigrant population than any other country, with 47 million immigrants as of 2015.", "Immigration to the United States __knowledge__ This represents 19.1% of the 244 million international migrants worldwide, and 14.4% of the U.S. population.", "Immigration to the United States __knowledge__ The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused controversy regarding ethnicity, economic benefits, jobs for non-immigrants, settlement patterns, impact on upward social mobility, crime, and voting behavior.", "Illegal immigration to the United States __knowledge__ Illegal immigration to the United States is the entry into the United States of foreign nationals without government permission, and in violation of United States immigration laws.", "Illegal immigration to the United States __knowledge__ Foreign nationals are also illegal immigrants if they continue to be in the country after their visa, or other authority to enter or be in the country, has expired.", "Illegal immigration to the United States __knowledge__ The United States had nearly open borders until 1924, which meant that all immigrants to the United States up to that point were legal.", "Illegal immigration to the United States __knowledge__ The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and a few other modest border regulations were enacted in the 1870s and 1880s.", "Illegal immigration to the United States __knowledge__ The \"Immigration Act of 1924\" established visa requirements and enacted quotas for immigrants from specific countries.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ The history of Poles in the United States dates to the American Colonial era.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Poles have lived in present-day United States territories for over 400 years—since 1608.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ There are 10 million Americans of Polish descent in the U.S. today, making it the largest diaspora of Poles in the world.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Polish Americans have always been the largest group of Slavic origin in the United States.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Historians divide Polish American immigration into three \"waves\", the largest from 1870 to 1914, a second after World War II, and a third after Poland's independence in 1989.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Most Polish Americans are descended from the first wave, when millions of Poles fled Polish districts of Germany, Russia, and Austria.", "Irish Americans __knowledge__ Irish Americans () are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics.", "Irish Americans __knowledge__ About 33 million Americans—10.5% of the total population—reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau.", "Irish Americans __knowledge__ This compares with a population of 6.4 million on the island of Ireland.", "Irish Americans __knowledge__ Three million people separately identified as Scots-Irish, whose ancestors were Ulster Scots who emigrated from Ireland to the United States but are considered Irish Americans .", "Immigration to Denmark __knowledge__ Denmark has seen a steady increase in immigration over the past thirty years, with the majority of new immigrants originating from non-Western countries.", "Immigration to Denmark __knowledge__ As of 2014, more than 8% of the population of Denmark consists of immigrants.", "Immigration to Denmark __knowledge__ The population of immigrants is approximately 476,059, excluding Danish born descendants of immigrants to Denmark.", "Immigration to Denmark __knowledge__ This recent shift in demographics has posed challenges to the nation as it attempts to address religious and cultural difference, employment gaps, education of both immigrants and their descendants, spatial segregation, crime rates, and language abilities.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans ( or \"italo-americani\" ) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have full or majority-ancestry from Italy.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans are the fourth largest white ethnic group in the United States (not including American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German American, African American, Irish American, Mexican American, English American, and American).. About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Immigration began to increase during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated (1870–79: 46,296) than during the five previous decades combined (1820–69: 22,627).", "Carl Conrad Theodor Litzmann __knowledge__ Carl Conrad Theodor Litzmann (7 October 1815 – 24 February 1890) was a German obstetrician and gynecologist born in Gadebusch, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.", "Carl Conrad Theodor Litzmann __knowledge__ He studied medicine in Halle, Würzburg and Berlin.", "Carl Conrad Theodor Litzmann __knowledge__ In 1845 became an associate professor at the University of Greifswald, where during the following year he was appointed professor of general pathology and therapy.", "Carl Conrad Theodor Litzmann __knowledge__ During this time period he published a study on the physiology of pregnancy titled \"\"Physiologie der Schwangerschaft und des weiblichen Organismus überhaupt\"\" (1846).", "Carl Conrad Theodor Litzmann __knowledge__ In 1849 he became a professor of obstetrics and director of the \"Frauenklinik\" in Kiel.", "Joseph Conrad __knowledge__ Joseph Conrad (; born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski; 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) was a Polish-British writer regarded as one of the greatest novelists to write in the English language.", "Joseph Conrad __knowledge__ He joined the British merchant marine in 1878, and was granted British citizenship in 1886.", "Joseph Conrad __knowledge__ Though he did not speak English fluently until his twenties, he was a master prose stylist who brought a non-English sensibility into English literature.", "Joseph Conrad __knowledge__ He wrote stories and novels, many with a nautical setting, that depict trials of the human spirit in the midst of an impassive, inscrutable universe.", "Joseph Conrad __knowledge__ Conrad is considered an early modernist, though his works still contain elements of 19th-century realism.", "Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor __knowledge__ Conrad II (4 June 1039), also known as and , was Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1027 until his death in 1039.", "Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor __knowledge__ The founder of the Salian dynasty of emperors, Conrad also served as King of Germany from 1024, King of Italy from 1026, and King of Burgundy from 1033.", "Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor __knowledge__ The son of a mid-level nobleman in Franconia, Count Henry of Speyer and Adelaide of Alsace, he inherited the titles of count of Speyer and of Worms as an infant when his father died.", "Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor __knowledge__ Conrad extended his power beyond his inherited lands, receiving the favor of the princes of the Kingdom of Germany.", "Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor __knowledge__ When the Saxon-based Ottonian dynasty of emperors died off with the childless Emperor Henry II, Conrad was elected to succeed him as King in 1024 at the age of 34.", "Adolphus Busch __knowledge__ Adolphus Busch (10 July 1839 – 10 October 1913) was the German-born co-founder of Anheuser-Busch with his father-in-law, Eberhard Anheuser.", "Adolphus Busch __knowledge__ He introduced numerous innovations, building the success of the company in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "Adolphus Busch __knowledge__ He became a philanthropist, using his great wealth for education and humanitarian needs.", "Adolphus Busch __knowledge__ His great-great-grandson, August Busch IV is now on the board of Anheuser-Busch InBev.", "Adolphus Busch __knowledge__ Busch was born on July 10, 1839 to Ulrich Busch and Barbara Pfeiffer in Kastel, then a district of Mainz in the Grand Duchy of Hesse.", "Adolphus Busch __knowledge__ He was the twenty-first of twenty-two children.", "Joseph Conrad's career at sea __knowledge__ Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski; Berdychiv, Ukraine, 3 December 1857  – 3 August 1924, Bishopsbourne, Kent, England) was a Polish author who wrote in English after settling in England.", "Joseph Conrad's career at sea __knowledge__ He is regarded as one of the greatest writers in English, though he did not speak the language fluently until he was in his twenties, and always with a marked Polish accent.", "Joseph Conrad's career at sea __knowledge__ Before embarking on his writing career, he had a career sailing in the French, then the British merchant marine; of his 19-year merchant-marine career, only about half that time was spent actually at sea.", "Joseph Conrad's career at sea __knowledge__ Conrad wrote stories and novels, often with a nautical setting, that depict trials of the human spirit in the midst of an indifferent universe.", "Lauren Conrad __knowledge__ Lauren Katherine Tell (née Conrad; born February 1, 1986) is an American television personality, fashion designer, and author.", "Lauren Conrad __knowledge__ Born and raised in Laguna Beach, California, she attended Laguna Beach High School.", "Lauren Conrad __knowledge__ In September 2004, at the age of 18, Conrad came to prominence after being cast in the reality television series \"\", which documented her life and friends' lives.", "Lauren Conrad __knowledge__ After moving to Los Angeles to pursue a career in the fashion industry in May 2006, Conrad was commissioned to star in her own spin-off series \"The Hills\", which chronicled the personal and professional lives of her and friends Heidi Montag, Audrina Patridge, and Whitney Port." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Budweiser is an American styled beer", "It was introduced in 1876 in Missouri", "Yes. It has grown to become the largest selling beer in the U.S", "It was introduced by Carl Conrad and Co", "No. He was from St Louis in Missouri " ]

[ "Budweiser", "Budweiser", "Budweiser", "Budweiser", "Budweiser" ]

[ "Iguana\nI think iguanas are so strang looking. They have rough skin and large eyes", "I did not know about the third eye of iguanas. That is so weird!", "I have seen several of iguana that were being kept as pets. They seem to just sit there all day.", "Wow, that is so much better than the life expectancy of a hamster!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iguana __knowledge__ Iguana (, ) is a genus of herbivorous lizards that are native to tropical areas of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The genus was first described in 1768 by Austrian naturalist Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in his book \"Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatam cum Experimentis circa Venena\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ Two species are included in the genus \"Iguana\": the green iguana, which is widespread throughout its range and a popular pet, and the Lesser Antillean iguana, which is native to the Lesser Antilles and endangered due to habitat destruction.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The word \"iguana\" is derived from the original Taino name for the species, \"iwana\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ In addition to the two species in the genus \"Iguana\", several other related genera in the same family have common names of the species including the word \"iguana\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ Iguanas can range from in length, including their tail.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The two species of lizard within the genus \"Iguana\" possess a dewlap, a row of spines running down their backs to their tails, and a tiny \"third eye\" on their heads.", "Iguana __knowledge__ This light-sensing organ is known as the parietal eye, visible as a pale scale on the top of the head, and cannot make out details, just brightness.", "Iguana __knowledge__ Behind their necks are small scales which resemble spokes, known as tuberculate scales.", "James Strang __knowledge__ James Jesse Strang (March 21, 1813 – July 9, 1856) was an American religious leader, politician and self-proclaimed monarch.", "James Strang __knowledge__ In 1844 he founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite), a faction of the Latter Day Saint movement that he claimed to be the sole legitimate continuation of the Church of Christ founded by Joseph Smith fourteen years before.", "James Strang __knowledge__ A major contender for leadership of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints during the 1844 succession crisis following Smith's murder, Strang made overtures to other prominent LDS leaders like Brigham Young and Sidney Rigdon and all of the other church leaders to remain in their offices and support Strang's alleged appointment by Joseph Smith.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ The green iguana (\"Iguana iguana\"), also known as the American iguana, is a large, arboreal, mostly herbivorous species of lizard of the genus \"Iguana\".", "Green iguana __knowledge__ It is native to Central, South America, and the Caribbean.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ Usually, this animal is simply called the iguana.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ The green iguana ranges over a large geographic area, from southern Brazil and Paraguay as far north as Mexico and the Caribbean Islands.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ They have been introduced from South America to Puerto Rico and are very common throughout the island, where they are colloquially known as \"Gallina de palo\" and considered an invasive species; in the United States feral populations also exist in South Florida (including the Florida Keys), Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the Rio Grande Valley of Texas.", "Central American Parliament __knowledge__ The Central American Parliament (), also known as PARLACEN, is the political institution and parliamentary body of the Central American Integration System (SICA).", "Central American Parliament __knowledge__ Its headquarters are in Guatemala City.", "Central American Parliament __knowledge__ The PARLACEN origins date back to the Contadora Group, a project of the 1980s that sought to help resolve the civil wars in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.", "Central American Parliament __knowledge__ Although the Contadora group was disbanded in 1986, the idea of a greater Central American integration remained, giving rise to the Esquipulas II Agreement, which among other things, created the Central American Parliament.", "Central American Parliament __knowledge__ The Treaty establishing the Central American Parliament and other political bodies was signed in 1987; its first formal session was carried out on 28 October 1991 in Guatemala City.", "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) __knowledge__ The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints—usually distinguished with a parenthetical (Strangite)—is a schism of the Latter Day Saint movement.", "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) __knowledge__ It had approximately 300 members in 1998.", "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) __knowledge__ It is a separate organization from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church, also Mormons or Mormon Church), which is considerably larger and better known, although both churches claim to be the original organization established by Joseph Smith, on April 6, 1830.", "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) __knowledge__ The Strangite church is headquartered in Voree, Wisconsin, just outside Burlington, and accepts the claims of James Strang as successor to Smith.", "Marine iguana __knowledge__ The marine iguana (\"Amblyrhynchus cristatus\"), also known as the Galápagos marine iguana, is a species of iguana found only on the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador) that has the ability, unique among modern lizards, to forage in the sea, making it a marine reptile.", "Marine iguana __knowledge__ This iguana feeds almost exclusively on algae and large males dive to find this food source, while females and smaller males feed during low tide in the intertidal zone.", "Marine iguana __knowledge__ They mainly live in colonies on rocky shores where they warm after visiting the relatively cold water or intertidal zone, but can also be seen in marshes, mangrove and beaches.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ The Cuban rock iguana (\"Cyclura nubila\"), also known as the Cuban ground iguana or Cuban iguana, is a species of lizard of the iguana family.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ It is the largest of the West Indian rock iguanas (genus \"Cyclura\"), one of the most endangered groups of lizards.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ This herbivorous species with red eyes, a thick tail, and spiked jowls is one of the largest lizards in the Caribbean.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ The Cuban iguana is distributed throughout the rocky southern coastal areas of mainland Cuba and its surrounding islets with a feral population thriving on Isla Magueyes, Puerto Rico.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ A subspecies is found on the Cayman Islands of Little Cayman and Cayman Brac.", "Voree plates __knowledge__ The Voree plates, also called The Record of Rajah Manchou of Vorito, or the Voree Record, were a set of three tiny metal plates allegedly discovered by Latter Day Saint leader James J. Strang in 1845 in Voree, near Burlington, Wisconsin.", "Voree plates __knowledge__ Purportedly the final testament of an ancient American ruler named \"Rajah Manchou of Vorito\", Strang asserted that this discovery vindicated his claims to be the true successor of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement—as opposed to Brigham Young, whom most Latter Day Saints accepted as Smith's successor in 1844.", "Voree plates __knowledge__ The plates also lent credence to his claim that Voree, not the Salt Lake Valley, was to be the new \"gathering place\" of the Latter Day Saints." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iguana __knowledge__ Iguana (, ) is a genus of herbivorous lizards that are native to tropical areas of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The genus was first described in 1768 by Austrian naturalist Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in his book \"Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatam cum Experimentis circa Venena\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ Two species are included in the genus \"Iguana\": the green iguana, which is widespread throughout its range and a popular pet, and the Lesser Antillean iguana, which is native to the Lesser Antilles and endangered due to habitat destruction.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The word \"iguana\" is derived from the original Taino name for the species, \"iwana\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ In addition to the two species in the genus \"Iguana\", several other related genera in the same family have common names of the species including the word \"iguana\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ Iguanas can range from in length, including their tail.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The two species of lizard within the genus \"Iguana\" possess a dewlap, a row of spines running down their backs to their tails, and a tiny \"third eye\" on their heads.", "Iguana __knowledge__ This light-sensing organ is known as the parietal eye, visible as a pale scale on the top of the head, and cannot make out details, just brightness.", "Iguana __knowledge__ Behind their necks are small scales which resemble spokes, known as tuberculate scales.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ The green iguana (\"Iguana iguana\"), also known as the American iguana, is a large, arboreal, mostly herbivorous species of lizard of the genus \"Iguana\".", "Green iguana __knowledge__ It is native to Central, South America, and the Caribbean.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ Usually, this animal is simply called the iguana.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ The green iguana ranges over a large geographic area, from southern Brazil and Paraguay as far north as Mexico and the Caribbean Islands.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ They have been introduced from South America to Puerto Rico and are very common throughout the island, where they are colloquially known as \"Gallina de palo\" and considered an invasive species; in the United States feral populations also exist in South Florida (including the Florida Keys), Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the Rio Grande Valley of Texas.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The blue iguana (\"Cyclura lewisi\"), also known as the Grand Cayman iguana, Grand Cayman blue iguana or Cayman Island blue iguana, is an endangered species of lizard endemic to the island of Grand Cayman.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ Previously listed as a subspecies of the Cuban iguana (\"Cyclura nubila\"), it was reclassified as a separate species in 2004 because of genetic differences discovered four years earlier.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The blue iguana is one of the longest-living species of lizard (possibly up to 69 years).", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The record is 67 years.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The preferred habitat for the blue iguana is rocky, sunlit, open areas in dry forests or near the shore, as the females must dig holes in the sand to lay eggs in June and July.", "Cyclura ricordi __knowledge__ Cyclura ricordi, commonly known as the Hispaniolan ground iguana, Ricord's ground iguana, Ricord's iguana, or Ricord's rock iguana, is a critically endangered species of rock iguana.", "Cyclura ricordi __knowledge__ It is found on the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), and is the only known species of rock iguana to coexist with the rhinoceros iguana (\"Cyclura cornuta\").", "Cyclura ricordi __knowledge__ Its natural habitat is dry savanna within three subpopulations in the southwestern Dominican Republic.", "Cyclura ricordi __knowledge__ It is threatened by habitat loss due to agricultural encroachment.", "Cyclura ricordi __knowledge__ The generic name, \"Cyclura\", is derived from the Ancient Greek \"cyclos\" (κύκλος) meaning \"circular\" and \"ourá\" (οὐρά) meaning \"tail\", after the thick-ringed tail characteristic of all \"Cyclura\" iguanas.", "Kevin Cadogan __knowledge__ Kevin Rene Cadogan (born August 14, 1970) is an American singer/songwriter, producer and rock guitarist.", "Kevin Cadogan __knowledge__ A founding member of the band Third Eye Blind, he performed with the band from 1993 to 2000.", "Kevin Cadogan __knowledge__ He co-wrote some of Third Eye Blind's most notable hits, including \"How's It Going to Be\", \"Losing a Whole Year\", and \"Graduate\", and 10 of the 14 songs on their debut album \"Third Eye Blind\".", "Kevin Cadogan __knowledge__ Cadogan and Stephan Jenkins signed a recording contract with Elektra records in May 1996 which was later reported as the largest recording deal ever for an unsigned artist and launched Third Eye Blind into stardom.", "Marine iguana __knowledge__ The marine iguana (\"Amblyrhynchus cristatus\"), also known as the Galápagos marine iguana, is a species of iguana found only on the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador) that has the ability, unique among modern lizards, to forage in the sea, making it a marine reptile.", "Marine iguana __knowledge__ This iguana feeds almost exclusively on algae and large males dive to find this food source, while females and smaller males feed during low tide in the intertidal zone.", "Marine iguana __knowledge__ They mainly live in colonies on rocky shores where they warm after visiting the relatively cold water or intertidal zone, but can also be seen in marshes, mangrove and beaches.", "Third eye __knowledge__ The third eye (also called the mind's eye, or inner eye) is a mystical and esoteric concept of a speculative invisible eye which provides perception beyond ordinary sight.", "Third eye __knowledge__ In certain dharmic spiritual traditions such as , the third eye refers to the ajna, or brow, chakra.", "Third eye __knowledge__ The third eye refers to the gate that leads to inner realms and spaces of higher consciousness.", "Third eye __knowledge__ In New Age spirituality, the third eye often symbolizes a state of enlightenment or the evocation of mental images having deeply personal spiritual or psychological significance.", "Third eye __knowledge__ The third eye is often associated with religious visions, clairvoyance, the ability to observe chakras and auras, precognition, and out-of-body experiences.", "List of O-Parts Hunter characters __knowledge__ \"O-Parts Hunter\", features a cast of characters created by Seishi Kishimoto.", "List of O-Parts Hunter characters __knowledge__ is the twelve-year-old protagonist with great battle skill, an obsession with money and is not soon to show his feelings, often hiding them or blaming other factors.", "List of O-Parts Hunter characters __knowledge__ Jio started his life without friends.", "List of O-Parts Hunter characters __knowledge__ The people in his village forced him to leave after the death of his only friend's, Jin, parents for which he was blamed.", "List of O-Parts Hunter characters __knowledge__ He was trained in the wild by a wolf, known as Zero.", "List of O-Parts Hunter characters __knowledge__ However, after completing his training he was chased away again, giving him a chance to complete his dream of world domination.", "List of O-Parts Hunter characters __knowledge__ He meets Ruby Crescent, a girl in search of her father, and agrees to help her as a paid bodyguard.", "Third Eye Blind __knowledge__ Third Eye Blind is an American rock band formed in San Francisco in 1993.", "Third Eye Blind __knowledge__ The songwriting duo of Stephan Jenkins and Kevin Cadogan signed the band's first major label recording contract with Elektra Records in 1996, which was later reported as the largest publishing deal ever for an unsigned artist.", "Third Eye Blind __knowledge__ The band released their self-titled album, \"Third Eye Blind\", in 1997, with the band largely consisting of Jenkins (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Cadogan (lead guitar), Arion Salazar (bass guitar), and Brad Hargreaves (drums).", "Third Eye Blind __knowledge__ Shortly after the release of the band's second album in 1999, \"Blue\", with the same line-up, Cadogan was released from the band under controversial circumstances.", "Third Eye Shoppe __knowledge__ Third Eye Shoppe, commonly known as The Third Eye, was a head shop in Portland, Oregon's Hawthorne district and Richmond neighborhood, in the United States.", "Third Eye Shoppe __knowledge__ The shop was founded in 1987 and owned by cannabis and counterculture activist Jack Herer.", "Third Eye Shoppe __knowledge__ His son, Mark Herer, took over as the shop's owner in 2001.", "Third Eye Shoppe __knowledge__ The Third Eye closed on March 31, 2017, as a result of declining sales, development of the surrounding neighborhood, increasing health care costs, and increased competition.", "Third Eye Shoppe __knowledge__ The shop was associated with Portland's cannabis culture and recreational drug tourism, and was included in \"Willamette Week\" annual \"Best of Portland\" reader's poll several times.", "Amargasaurus __knowledge__ Amargasaurus (; \"La Amarga lizard\") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous epoch (129.4–122.46 mya) of what is now Argentina.", "Amargasaurus __knowledge__ The only known skeleton was discovered in 1984 and is virtually complete, including a fragmentary skull, making \"Amargasaurus\" one of the best-known sauropods of its epoch.", "Amargasaurus __knowledge__ \"Amargasaurus\" was first described in 1991 and contains a single known species, Amargasaurus cazaui.", "Amargasaurus __knowledge__ It was a large animal, but small for a sauropod, reaching in length.", "Amargasaurus __knowledge__ Most distinctively, it sported two parallel rows of tall spines down its neck and back, taller than in any other known sauropod.", "Katuna __knowledge__ Katuna is a town in the Kabale District of Uganda at the border with Rwanda.", "Katuna __knowledge__ In the Kinyarwanda language, the town is called \"Gatuna\".", "Katuna __knowledge__ Katuna is located on the Ugandan border with Rwanda, in extreme southwestern Uganda.", "Katuna __knowledge__ The town is located in Kamuganguzi Sub-region, Ndorwa County.", "Katuna __knowledge__ This is approximately , by road, south of Kabale, the largest city in the sub-region.", "Katuna __knowledge__ The coordinates of the town are:1°25'22.0\"S, 30°00'39.0\"E (Latitude:-1.422778; Longitude:30.010833).", "Katuna __knowledge__ Katuna is a major entrance point to Rwanda and handles most of Rwanda's imports from and exports to Uganda.", "Katuna __knowledge__ Most goods bound for Rwanda from the Kenyan port of Mombasa pass through Katuna." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iguana __knowledge__ Iguana (, ) is a genus of herbivorous lizards that are native to tropical areas of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The genus was first described in 1768 by Austrian naturalist Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in his book \"Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatam cum Experimentis circa Venena\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ Two species are included in the genus \"Iguana\": the green iguana, which is widespread throughout its range and a popular pet, and the Lesser Antillean iguana, which is native to the Lesser Antilles and endangered due to habitat destruction.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The word \"iguana\" is derived from the original Taino name for the species, \"iwana\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ In addition to the two species in the genus \"Iguana\", several other related genera in the same family have common names of the species including the word \"iguana\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ Iguanas can range from in length, including their tail.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The two species of lizard within the genus \"Iguana\" possess a dewlap, a row of spines running down their backs to their tails, and a tiny \"third eye\" on their heads.", "Iguana __knowledge__ This light-sensing organ is known as the parietal eye, visible as a pale scale on the top of the head, and cannot make out details, just brightness.", "Iguana __knowledge__ Behind their necks are small scales which resemble spokes, known as tuberculate scales.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The blue iguana (\"Cyclura lewisi\"), also known as the Grand Cayman iguana, Grand Cayman blue iguana or Cayman Island blue iguana, is an endangered species of lizard endemic to the island of Grand Cayman.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ Previously listed as a subspecies of the Cuban iguana (\"Cyclura nubila\"), it was reclassified as a separate species in 2004 because of genetic differences discovered four years earlier.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The blue iguana is one of the longest-living species of lizard (possibly up to 69 years).", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The record is 67 years.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The preferred habitat for the blue iguana is rocky, sunlit, open areas in dry forests or near the shore, as the females must dig holes in the sand to lay eggs in June and July.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ The green iguana (\"Iguana iguana\"), also known as the American iguana, is a large, arboreal, mostly herbivorous species of lizard of the genus \"Iguana\".", "Green iguana __knowledge__ It is native to Central, South America, and the Caribbean.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ Usually, this animal is simply called the iguana.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ The green iguana ranges over a large geographic area, from southern Brazil and Paraguay as far north as Mexico and the Caribbean Islands.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ They have been introduced from South America to Puerto Rico and are very common throughout the island, where they are colloquially known as \"Gallina de palo\" and considered an invasive species; in the United States feral populations also exist in South Florida (including the Florida Keys), Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the Rio Grande Valley of Texas.", "Green iguana in captivity __knowledge__ The Green Iguana (\"Iguana iguana\") has become popular in the pet trade – over 800,000 animals were imported into the United States alone during 1995, primarily originating from captive farming operations based in their native countries (Honduras, El Salvador, Colombia, and Panama).", "Green iguana in captivity __knowledge__ They can live to be 20 years old.", "Green iguana in captivity __knowledge__ In 1998 a National Iguana Awareness Day (NIAD) was established to discourage consumers from viewing iguanas as \"disposable pets\".", "Green iguana in captivity __knowledge__ Despite the low cost and \"mass market\" appeal of these animals they are demanding to care for properly over the course of their lifetimes.", "Green iguana in captivity __knowledge__ More often than not, diet, lighting, and other housing conditions for green iguana are inadequate (in a major way) causing 70% of green iguanas in captivity to die within their first year of life.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ The Cuban rock iguana (\"Cyclura nubila\"), also known as the Cuban ground iguana or Cuban iguana, is a species of lizard of the iguana family.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ It is the largest of the West Indian rock iguanas (genus \"Cyclura\"), one of the most endangered groups of lizards.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ This herbivorous species with red eyes, a thick tail, and spiked jowls is one of the largest lizards in the Caribbean.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ The Cuban iguana is distributed throughout the rocky southern coastal areas of mainland Cuba and its surrounding islets with a feral population thriving on Isla Magueyes, Puerto Rico.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ A subspecies is found on the Cayman Islands of Little Cayman and Cayman Brac.", "Rhinoceros iguana __knowledge__ The rhinoceros iguana (\"Cyclura cornuta\") is a threatened species of lizard in the family Iguanidae that is primarily found on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, shared by the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic.", "Rhinoceros iguana __knowledge__ They vary in length from and skin colors range from a steely gray to a dark green and even brown.", "Rhinoceros iguana __knowledge__ Their name derives from the bony-plated pseudo-horn or outgrowth which resembles the horn of a rhinoceros on the iguana's snout.", "Rhinoceros iguana __knowledge__ The rhinoceros iguana is a species of lizard belonging to the genus \"Cyclura\".", "Rhinoceros iguana __knowledge__ The generic name (\"Cyclura\") is derived from the Ancient Greek \"cyclos\" (κύκλος) meaning \"circular\" and \"ourá\" (οὐρά) meaning \"tail\", after the thick-ringed tail characteristic of all \"Cyclura\".", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Fiji crested iguana __knowledge__ The Fiji crested iguana or Fijian crested iguana (\"Brachylophus vitiensis\") is a critically endangered species of iguana native to some of the northwestern islands of the Fijiian archipelago, where it is found in dry forest.", "Fiji crested iguana __knowledge__ The generic name, \"Brachylophus\", is derived from two Greek words: brachys (βραχῦς) meaning \"short\" and lophos (λοφος) meaning \"crest\" or \"plume\", denoting the short spiny crests along the back of this species.", "Fiji crested iguana __knowledge__ The specific name, \"vitiensis\", is a Latin adjective derived from the Latin word for Fiji.", "Fiji crested iguana __knowledge__ The species is closely related to the Fiji banded iguana and \"B. bulabula\".", "Lesser Antillean iguana __knowledge__ The Lesser Antillean iguana (\"Iguana delicatissima\") is a large arboreal lizard endemic to the Lesser Antilles.", "Lesser Antillean iguana __knowledge__ It is one of two species of lizard of the genus \"Iguana\" and is in severe decline due to habitat destruction, feral predators, hunting, and hybridization with its sister species, the green iguana.", "Lesser Antillean iguana __knowledge__ Successful captive breeding of this species has been limited to only two instances as most captive laid eggs tend to be infertile.", "Lesser Antillean iguana __knowledge__ Another common name for it is the West Indian iguana, though this is more commonly used for species of the genus \"Cyclura\".", "Lesser Antillean iguana __knowledge__ The generic name \"iguana\" is derived from \"iwana\", a Spanish form of the Taino name for the species.", "List of FoxTrot characters __knowledge__ This page contains information on the central characters in \"FoxTrot\", a comic strip created by Bill Amend.", "List of FoxTrot characters __knowledge__ The strip centers on a nuclear family composed of mother Andy, father Roger, and their three children Peter, Paige and Jason, along with several auxiliary characters.", "List of FoxTrot characters __knowledge__ Jason Fox is the youngest child of the family and the strip's main protagonist.", "List of FoxTrot characters __knowledge__ A 10-year-old boy who wears glasses (though his pupils are unseen), he is shown to be very intelligent, and is often relied on to help Roger with taxes, or Peter and Paige with homework.", "List of FoxTrot characters __knowledge__ Unlike his siblings, who sometimes make him pay them to do their homework, Jason wants to do his homework, and often receives incredibly high marks as a result (72 correct answers out of 20 questions is disappointing to him)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iguana __knowledge__ Iguana (, ) is a genus of herbivorous lizards that are native to tropical areas of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The genus was first described in 1768 by Austrian naturalist Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in his book \"Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatam cum Experimentis circa Venena\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ Two species are included in the genus \"Iguana\": the green iguana, which is widespread throughout its range and a popular pet, and the Lesser Antillean iguana, which is native to the Lesser Antilles and endangered due to habitat destruction.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The word \"iguana\" is derived from the original Taino name for the species, \"iwana\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ In addition to the two species in the genus \"Iguana\", several other related genera in the same family have common names of the species including the word \"iguana\".", "Iguana __knowledge__ Iguanas can range from in length, including their tail.", "Iguana __knowledge__ The two species of lizard within the genus \"Iguana\" possess a dewlap, a row of spines running down their backs to their tails, and a tiny \"third eye\" on their heads.", "Iguana __knowledge__ This light-sensing organ is known as the parietal eye, visible as a pale scale on the top of the head, and cannot make out details, just brightness.", "Iguana __knowledge__ Behind their necks are small scales which resemble spokes, known as tuberculate scales.", "Life expectancy __knowledge__ Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of their birth, their current age and other demographic factors including gender.", "Life expectancy __knowledge__ The most commonly used measure of life expectancy is at birth (LEB), which can be defined in two ways.", "Life expectancy __knowledge__ \"Cohort\" LEB is the mean length of life of an actual birth cohort (all individuals born a given year) and can be computed only for cohorts born many decades ago, so that all their members have died.", "Life expectancy __knowledge__ \"Period\" LEB is the mean length of life of a hypothetical cohort assumed to be exposed, from birth through death, to the mortality rates observed at a given year.", "Campbell's dwarf hamster __knowledge__ Campbell's dwarf hamster (\"Phodopus campbelli\") is a species of hamster in the genus \"Phodopus\".", "Campbell's dwarf hamster __knowledge__ It was given its common name by Oldfield Thomas in honour of C. W. Campbell (Charles William Campbell), who collected the first specimen in Mongolia on July 1, 1902.", "Campbell's dwarf hamster __knowledge__ It is distinguished from the closely related Djungarian hamster as it has smaller ears and no dark fur on its crown.", "Campbell's dwarf hamster __knowledge__ Campbell's dwarf hamster typically has a narrow dorsal stripe compared to the Djungarian hamster and grey fur on the stomach.", "Campbell's dwarf hamster __knowledge__ In the wild, the breeding season for Campbell's dwarf hamster varies by location.", "Campbell's dwarf hamster __knowledge__ For example, the breeding season begins towards the middle of April in Tuva and towards the end of April in Mongolia.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 58% of US community hospitals are non-profit, 21% are government owned, and 21% are for-profit.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on health care per capita ($9,403), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.1%), than any other nation in 2014.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 64% of health spending was paid for by the government in 2013, funded via programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration.", "Preston curve __knowledge__ The Preston curve is an empirical cross-sectional relationship between life expectancy and real per capita income.", "Preston curve __knowledge__ It is named after Samuel H. Preston who first described it in 1975.", "Preston curve __knowledge__ Preston studied the relationship for the 1900s, 1930s and the 1960s and found it held for each of the three decades.", "Preston curve __knowledge__ More recent work has updated this research.", "Preston curve __knowledge__ The Preston curve indicates that individuals born in richer countries, on average, can expect to live longer than those born in poor countries.", "Preston curve __knowledge__ However, the link between income and life expectancy flattens out.", "Preston curve __knowledge__ This means that at low levels of per capita income, further increases in income are associated with large gains in life expectancy, but at high levels of income, increased income has little associated change in life expectancy.", "Longevity __knowledge__ The word \"longevity\" is sometimes used as a synonym for \"life expectancy\" in demography - however, the term \"longevity\" is sometimes meant to refer only to especially long-lived members of a population, whereas \"life expectancy\" is always defined statistically as the average number of years remaining at a given age.", "Longevity __knowledge__ For example, a population's life expectancy at birth is the same as the average age at death for all people born in the same year (in the case of cohorts{[dn|date=January 2018}}).", "Longevity __knowledge__ Longevity is best thought of as a term for general audiences meaning 'typical length of life' and specific statistical definitions should be clarified when necessary.", "Hamster cage __knowledge__ A Hamster cage is a cage designed to house hamsters.", "Hamster cage __knowledge__ For pet hamsters, commercially available pens are made of wire or plastic.", "Hamster cage __knowledge__ Some pet owners house their hamsters in aquarium tanks or make their own wooden pens.", "Hamster cage __knowledge__ In laboratories hamsters are housed in pens designed for scientific use.", "Hamster cage __knowledge__ There are also special pens for exhibition, as in a hamster show.", "Hamster cage __knowledge__ For Syrian hamsters, the National Hamster Council recommends a minimum cage size of minimum of 1000 cm useable floor space and a ceiling 19 cm high.", "Hamster cage __knowledge__ For dwarf and Chinese hamsters their minimal recommendation is 750 cm useable floor space and 17 cm high.", "Hamster show __knowledge__ A hamster show is an event in which people gather hamsters to judge them against each other.", "Hamster show __knowledge__ Hamster shows are also places where people share their enthusiasm for hamsters among attendees.", "Hamster show __knowledge__ Hamster shows feature an exhibition of the hamsters participating in the judging.", "Hamster show __knowledge__ The judging of hamsters usually includes a goal of promoting hamsters which conform to natural or established varieties of hamsters.", "Hamster show __knowledge__ By awarding hamsters which match standard hamster types, hamster shows encourage planned and careful hamster breeding.", "Hamster show __knowledge__ Organizers of hamster shows will specify pen specifications.", "Hamster show __knowledge__ Usually, competing hamsters must be in identical or similar plain pens to avoid influencing the judging or identifying the person presenting the hamster.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ The green iguana (\"Iguana iguana\"), also known as the American iguana, is a large, arboreal, mostly herbivorous species of lizard of the genus \"Iguana\".", "Green iguana __knowledge__ It is native to Central, South America, and the Caribbean.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ Usually, this animal is simply called the iguana.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ The green iguana ranges over a large geographic area, from southern Brazil and Paraguay as far north as Mexico and the Caribbean Islands.", "Green iguana __knowledge__ They have been introduced from South America to Puerto Rico and are very common throughout the island, where they are colloquially known as \"Gallina de palo\" and considered an invasive species; in the United States feral populations also exist in South Florida (including the Florida Keys), Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the Rio Grande Valley of Texas.", "Marine iguana __knowledge__ The marine iguana (\"Amblyrhynchus cristatus\"), also known as the Galápagos marine iguana, is a species of iguana found only on the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador) that has the ability, unique among modern lizards, to forage in the sea, making it a marine reptile.", "Marine iguana __knowledge__ This iguana feeds almost exclusively on algae and large males dive to find this food source, while females and smaller males feed during low tide in the intertidal zone.", "Marine iguana __knowledge__ They mainly live in colonies on rocky shores where they warm after visiting the relatively cold water or intertidal zone, but can also be seen in marshes, mangrove and beaches.", "Green iguana in captivity __knowledge__ The Green Iguana (\"Iguana iguana\") has become popular in the pet trade – over 800,000 animals were imported into the United States alone during 1995, primarily originating from captive farming operations based in their native countries (Honduras, El Salvador, Colombia, and Panama).", "Green iguana in captivity __knowledge__ They can live to be 20 years old.", "Green iguana in captivity __knowledge__ In 1998 a National Iguana Awareness Day (NIAD) was established to discourage consumers from viewing iguanas as \"disposable pets\".", "Green iguana in captivity __knowledge__ Despite the low cost and \"mass market\" appeal of these animals they are demanding to care for properly over the course of their lifetimes.", "Green iguana in captivity __knowledge__ More often than not, diet, lighting, and other housing conditions for green iguana are inadequate (in a major way) causing 70% of green iguanas in captivity to die within their first year of life.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The blue iguana (\"Cyclura lewisi\"), also known as the Grand Cayman iguana, Grand Cayman blue iguana or Cayman Island blue iguana, is an endangered species of lizard endemic to the island of Grand Cayman.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ Previously listed as a subspecies of the Cuban iguana (\"Cyclura nubila\"), it was reclassified as a separate species in 2004 because of genetic differences discovered four years earlier.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The blue iguana is one of the longest-living species of lizard (possibly up to 69 years).", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The record is 67 years.", "Blue iguana __knowledge__ The preferred habitat for the blue iguana is rocky, sunlit, open areas in dry forests or near the shore, as the females must dig holes in the sand to lay eggs in June and July.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ The Cuban rock iguana (\"Cyclura nubila\"), also known as the Cuban ground iguana or Cuban iguana, is a species of lizard of the iguana family.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ It is the largest of the West Indian rock iguanas (genus \"Cyclura\"), one of the most endangered groups of lizards.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ This herbivorous species with red eyes, a thick tail, and spiked jowls is one of the largest lizards in the Caribbean.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ The Cuban iguana is distributed throughout the rocky southern coastal areas of mainland Cuba and its surrounding islets with a feral population thriving on Isla Magueyes, Puerto Rico.", "Cyclura nubila __knowledge__ A subspecies is found on the Cayman Islands of Little Cayman and Cayman Brac.", "Galapagos land iguana __knowledge__ The Galapagos land iguana (\"Conolophus subcristatus\") is a species of lizard in the family Iguanidae.", "Galapagos land iguana __knowledge__ It is one of three species of the genus \"Conolophus\".", "Galapagos land iguana __knowledge__ It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador), in the dry lowlands of Fernandina, Isabela, Santa Cruz, North Seymour, Baltra, and South Plaza.", "Galapagos land iguana __knowledge__ The land iguanas in the Galápagos vary in morphology and coloration among different populations.", "Galapagos land iguana __knowledge__ In addition to the relatively widespread and well-known Galapagos land iguana (\"C. subcristatus\"), there are two other species of \"Conolophus\": the pink land iguana (\"C. rosada\") from northern Isabela Island and the Santa Fe land iguana (\"C. pallidus\") from Santa Fe Island.", "Fiji crested iguana __knowledge__ The Fiji crested iguana or Fijian crested iguana (\"Brachylophus vitiensis\") is a critically endangered species of iguana native to some of the northwestern islands of the Fijiian archipelago, where it is found in dry forest.", "Fiji crested iguana __knowledge__ The generic name, \"Brachylophus\", is derived from two Greek words: brachys (βραχῦς) meaning \"short\" and lophos (λοφος) meaning \"crest\" or \"plume\", denoting the short spiny crests along the back of this species.", "Fiji crested iguana __knowledge__ The specific name, \"vitiensis\", is a Latin adjective derived from the Latin word for Fiji.", "Fiji crested iguana __knowledge__ The species is closely related to the Fiji banded iguana and \"B. bulabula\"." ] ]

[ 7, 11, 21, 61 ]

[ "Yes they have a row of spines down their back and a tiny third eye on their head. Its odd!", "Yes the green iguana is the most common - it is the one usually kept as a pet", "Iguanas can live up to 20 years if they are cared for properly", "Most of the time though the diet and lighting and other conditions for iguanas in captivity are inadequate and they die within the first year :-(" ]

[ "Iguana", "Iguana", "Iguana", "Iguana" ]

[ "Finance", "certainly, let's see how much you can learn.", "You need to consider other ways to create finance such as investing in stock or doing online jobs." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments.", "Finance __knowledge__ It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk.", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance can also be defined as the science of money management.", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance aims to price assets based on their risk level and their expected rate of return.", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance can be broken into three sub-categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance.", "Finance __knowledge__ Questions in personal finance revolve around: Personal finance may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as real estate and cars, buying insurance, e.g.", "Finance __knowledge__ health and property insurance, investing and saving for retirement.", "Finance __knowledge__ Personal finance may also involve paying for a loan, or debt obligations.", "Finance __knowledge__ The six key areas of personal financial planning, as suggested by the Financial Planning Standards Board, are: Corporate finance deals with the sources funding and the capital structure of corporations, the actions that managers take to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders, and the tools and analysis used to allocate financial resources.", "Finance __knowledge__ Although it is in principle different from managerial finance which studies the financial management of all firms, rather than corporations alone, the main concepts in the study of corporate finance are applicable to the financial problems of all kinds of firms." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments.", "Finance __knowledge__ It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk.", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance can also be defined as the science of money management.", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance aims to price assets based on their risk level and their expected rate of return.", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance can be broken into three sub-categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance.", "Finance __knowledge__ Questions in personal finance revolve around: Personal finance may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as real estate and cars, buying insurance, e.g.", "Finance __knowledge__ health and property insurance, investing and saving for retirement.", "Finance __knowledge__ Personal finance may also involve paying for a loan, or debt obligations.", "Finance __knowledge__ The six key areas of personal financial planning, as suggested by the Financial Planning Standards Board, are: Corporate finance deals with the sources funding and the capital structure of corporations, the actions that managers take to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders, and the tools and analysis used to allocate financial resources.", "Finance __knowledge__ Although it is in principle different from managerial finance which studies the financial management of all firms, rather than corporations alone, the main concepts in the study of corporate finance are applicable to the financial problems of all kinds of firms.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Apostasy in Christianity __knowledge__ Apostasy in Christianity is the rejection of Christianity by someone who formerly was a Christian.", "Apostasy in Christianity __knowledge__ The term apostasy comes from the Greek word \"apostasia\" (\"\") meaning defection, departure, revolt or rebellion.", "Apostasy in Christianity __knowledge__ It has been described as \"a willful falling away from, or rebellion against, Christianity.", "Apostasy in Christianity __knowledge__ Apostasy is the rejection of Christ by one who has been a Christian...\" \"Apostasy is a theological category describing those who have voluntarily and consciously abandoned their faith in the God of the covenant, who manifests himself most completely in Jesus Christ.\"", "Apostasy in Christianity __knowledge__ \"Apostasy is the antonym of conversion; it is deconversion.\"", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Bo ( — in Hebrew, the command form of \"go,\" or \"come,\" and the first significant word in the parashah, in ) is the fifteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Exodus.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah tells of the last three plagues on Egypt and the first Passover.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 6,149 Hebrew letters, 1,655 Hebrew words, and 106 verses, and can occupy about 207 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Jews read it the fifteenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in January or early February.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ As the parashah describes the first Passover, Jews also read part of the parashah, as the initial Torah reading for the first day of Passover, and another part, as the initial Torah reading for the first intermediate day (\"Chol HaMoed\") of Passover.", "Mishpatim __knowledge__ Mishpatim ( — Hebrew for \"laws,\" the second word of the parashah) is the eighteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the sixth in the Book of Exodus.", "Mishpatim __knowledge__ The parashah sets out a series of laws, which some scholars call the Covenant Code, and reports the people's acceptance of the covenant with God.", "Mishpatim __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah is made up of 5,313 Hebrew letters, 1,462 Hebrew words, and 118 verses, and can occupy about 185 lines in a Torah scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Mishpatim __knowledge__ Jews read it the eighteenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in February or, rarely, in late January.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ \"Forever Evil\" is a 2013–2014 crossover comic book storyline published by DC Comics that began in September 2013 and ended in May 2014, consisting of an eponymous, central miniseries written by Geoff Johns and art by David Finch.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ It is the first line wide crossover since The New 52 reboot of the DC Universe, and focuses on all the villains of the DC Universe.", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ The miniseries spins out of the events in \"Trinity War\".", "Forever Evil __knowledge__ Johns revealed in August 2013, that the Crime Syndicate, an evil version of the Justice League from Earth-3 in the Multiverse, are the true villains of the event and not the previously thought Secret Society.", "Personal finance __knowledge__ Personal finance is the financial management which an individual or a family unit performs to budget, save, and spend monetary resources over time, taking into account various financial risks and future life events.", "Personal finance __knowledge__ When planning personal finances, the individual would consider the suitability to his or her needs of a range of banking products (checking, savings accounts, credit cards and consumer loans) or investment private equity, (stock market, bonds, mutual funds) and insurance (life insurance, health insurance, disability insurance) products or participation and monitoring of and- or employer-sponsored retirement plans, social security benefits, and income tax management.", "Kiplinger __knowledge__ Kiplinger ( ) is a Washington, D.C.-based publisher of business forecasts and personal finance advice, available in print and online (Kiplinger.com).", "Kiplinger __knowledge__ Its best-known publications are \"The Kiplinger Letter\", a weekly business and economic forecasting periodical for people in management, and the monthly \"Kiplinger's Personal Finance\" magazine.", "Kiplinger __knowledge__ The total paid circulation of its periodicals exceeds 845,000, and its Web site, Kiplinger.com receives nearly 4 million unique visits per month (summer 2017).", "Kiplinger __knowledge__ Kiplinger also provides custom publishing services to a variety of companies and associations.", "Kiplinger __knowledge__ Started in 1920 by a former AP economics reporter, Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc., is a closely held company managed for more than eight decades by three generations of the Kiplinger family—founder W. M. Kiplinger (1891-1967), who served as editor in chief of all publications; his son Austin H. Kiplinger (1918-2015), longtime chairman; and Austin's sons Todd L. Kiplinger (1945-2008), vice chair and vice president for investments, and Knight A. Kiplinger (b.", "BNP Paribas Personal Finance UK __knowledge__ BNP Paribas Personal Finance UK, formerly known as LaSer UK is a provider of Consumer Finance Solutions, operating in the UK and Republic of Ireland markets.", "BNP Paribas Personal Finance UK __knowledge__ The company operates credit and loyalty programmes for business partners across multiple sectors – including retail, household, insurance, entertainment and leisure.", "BNP Paribas Personal Finance UK __knowledge__ BNP Paribas Personal Finance manages four million customers and 300 UK partnerships, and in 2016 financed £1.6 billion in credit.", "BNP Paribas Personal Finance UK __knowledge__ The company's operations are in Solihull and Belfast where it employs 740 people.", "BNP Paribas Personal Finance UK __knowledge__ BNP Paribas Personal Finance consists of two separate companies: Creation Financial Services Limited and Creation Consumer Finance Limited, collectively trading under the name of Creation.", "Home computer __knowledge__ Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s.", "Home computer __knowledge__ They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user.", "Home computer __knowledge__ These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering-oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC, and were generally less powerful in terms of memory and expandability.", "Home computer __knowledge__ However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporary business computers.", "Kerry Hannon __knowledge__ Kerry Hannon (born 1960, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American author, career transition, personal finance and retirement expert and strategist and speaker and columnist.", "Kerry Hannon __knowledge__ Hannon is the award-winning author of a dozen books.", "Kerry Hannon __knowledge__ Her latest is \"Getting The Job You Want After 50 for Dummies.", "Kerry Hannon __knowledge__ She is also the author of Love Your Job: The New Rules for Career Happiness, the gold-medal award-winning What's Next: Finding Your Passion and Your Dream Job in Your Forties, Fifties and Beyond' (Berkley, 2014) and the national bestseller \"Great Jobs for Everyone 50+: Finding Work That Keeps You Happy and Healthy … And Pays the Bills\" ( Wiley September 2012).", "Financial literacy __knowledge__ Financial literacy is the possession of the set of skills and knowledge that allows an individual to make informed and effective decisions with all of their financial resources.", "Financial literacy __knowledge__ Raising interest in personal finance is now a focus of state-run programs in countries including Australia, Canada, Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom.", "Financial literacy __knowledge__ The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) started an inter-governmental project in 2003 with the objective of providing ways to improve financial education and literacy standards through the development of common financial literacy principles.", "Preet Banerjee __knowledge__ Preet Banerjee (born September 27, 1977) is the host of the television show Million Dollar Neighbourhood on the Oprah Winfrey Network, a personal financial expert, and winner of the reality TV series \"The Ultimate W Expert Challenge\", which aired on the W Network in Canada during the summer of 2009.", "Preet Banerjee __knowledge__ He was subsequently named a W Network Money Expert.", "Preet Banerjee __knowledge__ He writes a personal finance column for The Globe and Mail and is also author of the Canadian personal finance blog WhereDoesAllMyMoneyGo.com which was voted Canada's #1 Investment Blog in 2010 by readers of The Globe and Mail.", "Preet Banerjee __knowledge__ In 2012, he launched a personal finance podcast which currently ranks as one of the most popular financial podcasts on iTunes.", "Bruce Sellery __knowledge__ Bruce Sellery (born August 2, 1970) is a Canadian business journalist, television news anchor, keynote speaker, and coach.", "Bruce Sellery __knowledge__ Sellery is one of the founding journalists at CTV’s Business News Network (BNN).", "Bruce Sellery __knowledge__ He has covered the markets and the economy in depth, both as an anchor in Toronto and as BNN’s Bureau Chief in New York City.", "Bruce Sellery __knowledge__ Over the last ten years he has interviewed CEOs, economists and analysts and spoken across Canada on business issues and personal finance.", "Bruce Sellery __knowledge__ In 2009, he founded Moolala, a personal finance training company dedicated to inspiring people to get a handle on their money so they can live the life they want.", "Financial gerontology __knowledge__ Financial Gerontology is a multidisciplinary field of study encompassing both academic and professional education, that integrates research on aging and human development with the concerns of finance and business.", "Financial gerontology __knowledge__ Following from its roots in social gerontology, Financial Gerontology is not simply the study of \"old people\" but emphasizes the multiple processes of aging.", "Financial gerontology __knowledge__ In particular, research and teaching in financial gerontology draws upon \"four kinds of aging\" or \"'four lenses\" through which aging and finance can be viewed: population aging, individual aging, family aging, and generational aging." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance is a field that deals with the study of investments.", "Finance __knowledge__ It includes the dynamics of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk.", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance can also be defined as the science of money management.", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance aims to price assets based on their risk level and their expected rate of return.", "Finance __knowledge__ Finance can be broken into three sub-categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance.", "Finance __knowledge__ Questions in personal finance revolve around: Personal finance may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as real estate and cars, buying insurance, e.g.", "Finance __knowledge__ health and property insurance, investing and saving for retirement.", "Finance __knowledge__ Personal finance may also involve paying for a loan, or debt obligations.", "Finance __knowledge__ The six key areas of personal financial planning, as suggested by the Financial Planning Standards Board, are: Corporate finance deals with the sources funding and the capital structure of corporations, the actions that managers take to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders, and the tools and analysis used to allocate financial resources.", "Finance __knowledge__ Although it is in principle different from managerial finance which studies the financial management of all firms, rather than corporations alone, the main concepts in the study of corporate finance are applicable to the financial problems of all kinds of firms.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "Socially responsible investing __knowledge__ Socially responsible investing (SRI), or social investment, also known as sustainable, socially conscious, \"green\" or ethical investing, is any investment strategy which seeks to consider both financial return and social good to bring about a social change.", "Socially responsible investing __knowledge__ Recently, it has also become known as \"sustainable investing\" or \"responsible investing\".", "Socially responsible investing __knowledge__ There is also a subset of SRI known as \"impact investing\", devoted to the conscious creation of social impact through investment.", "Socially responsible investing __knowledge__ In general, socially responsible investors encourage corporate practices that promote environmental stewardship, consumer protection, human rights, and diversity.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "History of private equity and venture capital __knowledge__ The history of private equity and venture capital and the development of these asset classes has occurred through a series of boom and bust cycles since the middle of the 20th century.", "History of private equity and venture capital __knowledge__ Within the broader private equity industry, two distinct sub-industries, leveraged buyouts and venture capital experienced growth along parallel, although interrelated tracks.", "History of private equity and venture capital __knowledge__ Since the origins of the modern private equity industry in 1946, there have been four major epochs marked by three boom and bust cycles.", "History of private equity and venture capital __knowledge__ The early history of private equity—from 1946 through 1981—was characterized by relatively small volumes of private equity investment, rudimentary firm organizations and limited awareness of and familiarity with the private equity industry.", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy.", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ It is the world's largest economy by nominal GDP and second largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ It has the world's seventh-highest per capita GDP (nominal) and eleventh-highest per capita GDP (PPP) in 2016.", "Economy of the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world's foremost reserve currency, backed by its science and technology, its military, the full faith of the US government to reimburse its debts, its central role in a range of international institutions since World War II and the petrodollar system.", "Crowdfunding __knowledge__ Crowdfunding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising many small amounts of money from a large number of people, typically via the Internet.", "Crowdfunding __knowledge__ Crowdfunding is a form of crowdsourcing and of alternative finance.", "Crowdfunding __knowledge__ In 2015, it was estimated that worldwide over was raised this way.", "Crowdfunding __knowledge__ Although similar concepts can also be executed through mail-order subscriptions, benefit events, and other methods, the term crowdfunding refers to Internet-mediated registries.", "Crowdfunding __knowledge__ This modern crowdfunding model is generally based on three types of actors: the project initiator who proposes the idea and/or project to be funded, individuals or groups who support the idea, and a moderating organization (the \"platform\") that brings the parties together to launch the idea.", "Affordable housing __knowledge__ Affordable housing is housing which is deemed affordable to those with a median household income as rated by the national government or a local government by a recognized housing affordability index.", "Affordable housing __knowledge__ Most of the literature on affordable housing refers to mortgages and number of forms that exist along a continuum – from emergency shelters, to transitional housing, to non-market rental (also known as social or subsidized housing), to formal and informal rental, indigenous housing, and ending with affordable home ownership.", "Affordable housing __knowledge__ In Australia, the National Affordable Housing Summit Group developed their definition of affordable housing as housing that is, \"...reasonably adequate in standard and location for lower or middle income households and does not cost so much that a household is unlikely to be able to meet other basic needs on a sustainable basis.\"", "Financial history of the Dutch Republic __knowledge__ The financial history of the Dutch Republic involves the interrelated development of financial institutions in the Dutch Republic.", "Financial history of the Dutch Republic __knowledge__ The rapid economic development of the country after the Dutch Revolt in the years 1585 - 1620 accompanied by an equally rapid accumulation of a large fund of savings, created the need to invest those savings profitably.", "Financial history of the Dutch Republic __knowledge__ The Dutch financial sector, both in its public and private components, came to provide a wide range of modern investment products beside the possibility of (re-)investment in trade and industry, and in infrastructure projects.", "Financial history of the Dutch Republic __knowledge__ Such products were the public bonds, floated by the Dutch governments on a national, provincial, and municipal level; acceptance credit and commission trade; marine and other insurance products; and shares of publicly traded companies like the Dutch East India Company (VOC), and their derivatives.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the compensation of company executives is distinguished by the forms it takes and its dramatic rise over the past three decades and wide-ranging criticism leveled against it.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ In the past three decades in America executive compensation or pay has risen dramatically beyond what can be explained by changes in firm size, performance, and industry classification.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ It is the highest in the world in both absolute terms and relative to median salary in the US.", "Executive compensation in the United States __knowledge__ It has been criticized not only as excessive, but also for \"rewarding failure\"—including massive drops in stock price, and much of the national growth in income inequality.", "Johnny Paycheck __knowledge__ Johnny Paycheck (born Donald Eugene Lytle; May 31, 1938 – February 19, 2003) was an American country music singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and Grand Ole Opry member notable for recording the David Allan Coe song \"Take This Job and Shove It\".", "Johnny Paycheck __knowledge__ He achieved his greatest success in the 1970s as a force in country music's \"Outlaw Movement\" popularized by artists Coe, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Billy Joe Shaver, and Merle Haggard.", "Johnny Paycheck __knowledge__ In the 1980s, his music career slowed due to drug, alcohol and legal problems.", "Johnny Paycheck __knowledge__ He served a prison sentence in the early 1990s and his declining health effectively ended his career in early 2000.", "Paycheck Fairness Act __knowledge__ The Paycheck Fairness Act ( and ) is a proposed US labor law that would add procedural protections to the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Fair Labor Standards Act as part of an effort to address the gender pay gap in the United States.", "Paycheck Fairness Act __knowledge__ A Census Bureau report published in 2008 stated that women's median annual earnings were 77.5% of men's earnings.", "Paycheck Fairness Act __knowledge__ However, newer studies suggest that when the data is controlled for certain variables, the residual gap is around 5-7%; the same study concludes that the residual is because \"hours of work in many occupations are worth more when given at particular moments and when the hours are more continuous.", "Communications Workers of America v. Beck __knowledge__ Communications Workers of America v. Beck, 487 U.S. 735 (1988) is a decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that, in a union security agreement, unions are authorized by statute to collect from non-members only those fees and dues necessary to perform its duties as a collective bargaining representative.", "Communications Workers of America v. Beck __knowledge__ The rights identified by the Court in \"Communications Workers of America v. Beck\" have since come to be known as \"\"Beck\" rights,\" and defining what \"Beck\" rights are and how a union must fulfill its duties regarding them is an active area of modern United States labor law.", "Communications Workers of America v. Beck __knowledge__ The union security agreement is a contractual agreement, usually part of a union collective bargaining agreement, in which an employer and a trade or labor union agree on the extent to which the union may compel employees to join the union, and/or whether the employer will collect dues, fees, and assessments on behalf of the union.", "Paycheck (film) __knowledge__ Paycheck is a 2003 American science fiction action film based on the short story of the same name by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick.", "Paycheck (film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by John Woo and stars Ben Affleck, Uma Thurman and Aaron Eckhart.", "Paycheck (film) __knowledge__ Paul Giamatti, Michael C. Hall, Joe Morton and Colm Feore also appear.", "Paycheck (film) __knowledge__ \"Paycheck\" is Woo's final American film to date.", "Paycheck (film) __knowledge__ In the near future, Michael Jennings (Affleck) is a reverse engineer; he analyzes his clients' competitors' technology and recreates it, often adding improvements beyond the original specifications.", "Paycheck (film) __knowledge__ To protect his clients' intellectual property and himself, Jennings, with the aid of his friend Shorty (Giamatti), undertakes a memory wipe to remove knowledge of his engineering.", "Johnny Paycheck discography __knowledge__ This is a detailed discography for American country music singer Johnny Paycheck.", "Johnny Paycheck discography __knowledge__ Paycheck initially recorded some singles under the name of Donny Young before releasing a few singles on Hilltop and then a string of albums with Little Darlin' Records in the mid-60s.", "Johnny Paycheck discography __knowledge__ In 1971 he signed with Epic Records and stayed with the label for over 10 years.", "Johnny Paycheck discography __knowledge__ Overall, Paycheck's discography consists of 30 studio albums (including some belated issues of previously unreleased material), 4 live albums and 1 collaborative studio album, in addition to many compilation albums.", "Johnny Paycheck discography __knowledge__ Given the obscure nature of much of Paycheck's work, sources have been added for each of the releases.", "Take This Job and Shove It __knowledge__ \"Take This Job and Shove It\" is a 1977 country music song written by David Allan Coe and popularized by Johnny Paycheck, about the bitterness of a man who has worked long and hard with no apparent reward.", "Take This Job and Shove It __knowledge__ The song was first recorded by Paycheck on his album also titled \"Take This Job and Shove It\".", "Take This Job and Shove It __knowledge__ The recording hit number one on the country charts for two weeks, spending 18 weeks on the charts.", "Take This Job and Shove It __knowledge__ It was Paycheck's only #1 hit.", "Take This Job and Shove It __knowledge__ Its B-side, \"Colorado Kool-Aid,\" spent ten weeks on the same chart and peaked at #50.", "Take This Job and Shove It __knowledge__ Coe's recording was released in 1978 on his \"Family Album\".", "Take This Job and Shove It __knowledge__ Coe also recorded a variation of the song called \"Take This Job and Shove It Too\" on his 1980 album \"I've Got Something To Say\".", "Paycheck __knowledge__ A pay cheque, also spelled pay check, is traditionally a paper document (a cheque) issued by an employer to pay an employee for services rendered.", "Paycheck __knowledge__ In recent times, the physical paycheck has been increasingly replaced by electronic direct deposits to the employee's designated bank account or loaded onto a payroll card.", "Paycheck __knowledge__ Employees may still receive a pay slip to detail the calculations of the final payment amount.", "Paycheck __knowledge__ A payslip, pay stub, paystub, pay advice, or sometimes paycheck stub, is a document an employee receives either as a notice that the direct deposit transaction has gone through, or is attached to the paycheck.", "George Jones __knowledge__ George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American musician, singer and songwriter.", "George Jones __knowledge__ He achieved international fame for his long list of hit records, including his best known song \"He Stopped Loving Her Today\", as well as his distinctive voice and phrasing.", "George Jones __knowledge__ For the last twenty years of his life, Jones was frequently referred to as the greatest living country singer.", "George Jones __knowledge__ Country music scholar Bill Malone writes, \"For the two or three minutes consumed by a song, Jones immerses himself so completely in its lyrics, and in the mood it conveys, that the listener can scarcely avoid becoming similarly involved.\"", "Professional golf career of Tiger Woods __knowledge__ American professional golfer Tiger Woods has enjoyed one of the most successful golfing careers of all time.", "Professional golf career of Tiger Woods __knowledge__ After competing in amateur events since he was a toddler and representing Stanford University on a golf scholarship, Woods left college after two years to turn professional at the age of 20.", "Professional golf career of Tiger Woods __knowledge__ With the announcement \"Hello world,\" Tiger Woods became a professional golfer in August 1996 and signed endorsement deals worth $40 million from Nike, Inc. and $20 million from Titleist.", "Professional golf career of Tiger Woods __knowledge__ These endorsement contracts were the highest in golf history up to that point.", "Professional golf career of Tiger Woods __knowledge__ He played his first professional golf event at the Greater Milwaukee Open, tying for 60th place, recorded a hole-in-one, and would win two events in the next three months to qualify for the Tour Championship.", "Double Trouble (George Jones and Johnny Paycheck album) __knowledge__ Double Trouble is an album by American country music artists George Jones and Johnny Paycheck released in 1980 on the Epic Records label.", "Double Trouble (George Jones and Johnny Paycheck album) __knowledge__ \"Double Trouble\" remains the \"oddest\" album George Jones ever recorded.", "Double Trouble (George Jones and Johnny Paycheck album) __knowledge__ The singer was enjoying the attention of hip rock & rollers, thanks to a glowing article in \"Rolling Stone\", and it appears that this album was an attempt on the part of Epic and producer Billy Sherrill to take advantage of the crossover potential.", "Double Trouble (George Jones and Johnny Paycheck album) __knowledge__ Enlisting Paycheck, who had played bass for Jones as part of the Jones Boys in the 1960s and had scored numerous hits throughout the 1970s, the album consists of mostly covers of 1950s rock and roll but with Sherrill's heavy handed production and a chorus of female backing singers." ] ]

[ 8, 0, 0 ]

[ "Hi! Personal finance can be a problem sometimes. I need to learn to save more.", "What do you do when you live paycheck to paycheck? How can you save?", "I've thought about investing in stocks. How much does it usually take to get started?" ]

[ "Finance", "Finance", "Finance" ]

[ "Katy Perry\never heard of katy perry? i really like a few of her songs", "oh wow that is interesting so shes always been singing then. when was she born?", "yeah :) what else can you tell me about her cuz if find her pretty cool", "yup i remember it! im a fan of it. i actually thought her and lady gaga werethe same becase they came out at the same time lol. what a pure time 10 years ago was", "yeah she definitely paved her way as separate from gaga that i agree with. didnt know she tried disco music though interesting" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of her second album, a pop rock record titled \"One of the Boys\", and its singles \"I Kissed a Girl\" and \"Hot n Cold\".", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ The former track also sparked controversy for its sapphic themes.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010), ventured into disco, and was her first number one album on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ It topped the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with the singles \"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T.", "Part of Me (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ \"Part of Me\" is a song by American singer Katy Perry, released as the lead single from \"\".", "Part of Me (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ It was written by Perry, and Bonnie McKee, with production and additional writing by Dr. Luke, Max Martin, and Cirkut.", "Part of Me (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ The song was not included on the original edition of \"Teenage Dream\" because Perry felt that it did not fit the composition of the album.", "Part of Me (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ A demo of the song leaked online in late 2010, amid speculation that the lyrics were directed to the singer's ex-boyfriend Travie McCoy.", "Part of Me (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ \"Part of Me\" was re-worked and officially released on February 13, 2012, through Capitol Records with artwork by art director Gavin Taylor and photography by Mary Ellen Matthews.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "A Katy or a Gaga __knowledge__ \"A Katy or a Gaga\" is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the ninety-second episode overall.", "A Katy or a Gaga __knowledge__ It was written by executive producers Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner, and directed by co-creator Ian Brennan, and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 7, 2013.", "A Katy or a Gaga __knowledge__ The episode features the music of Katy Perry and Lady Gaga, the debut of guest star Adam Lambert as Elliott \"Starchild\" Gilbert, and the return of special guest star Demi Lovato as Dani, Santana's (Naya Rivera) girlfriend.", "A Katy or a Gaga __knowledge__ In this episode, the glee club is challenged to perform music from either Katy Perry or Lady Gaga, whichever performer they have the least affinity for, to stretch their boundaries.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ This is a list of artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Dance Club Songs chart (13 or more).", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Madonna currently holds the record for the most number-one songs in the 41-year history of the chart, with 46 and is the artist with the most number-ones of any \"Billboard\" chart.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ The only other artists to have achieved more than 20 chart toppers are Rihanna (30) and Beyoncé (22).", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Janet Jackson has accumulated 19 number-ones during her career, followed by Katy Perry with 18.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Mariah Carey and Kristine W are tied with 17, the latter generating the most consecutive number-ones in the chart's history with her first nine singles.", "Swish Swish __knowledge__ \"Swish Swish\" is a song by American singer Katy Perry featuring American rapper Nicki Minaj for Perry's fifth studio album, \"Witness\" (2017).", "Swish Swish __knowledge__ It was written by Perry, Duke Dumont, Sarah Hudson, PJ \"Promnite\" Sledge, Minaj and Brittany Hazzard, while being produced by Dumont, with additional production by Sledge and Noah \"Mailbox\" Passovoy and vocal production by Passovoy.", "Swish Swish __knowledge__ The song was initially released as a promotional single on May 19, 2017, and later it was quickly served as the album's third single.", "Swish Swish __knowledge__ \"Swish Swish\" is a house-inspired EDM and hip hop song that samples \"Star 69\" by Fatboy Slim which in turn samples \"I Get Deep\" by Roland Clark.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ \"Silly Love Songs\" is the twelfth episode of the second season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the thirty-fourth overall.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ The Valentine's Day-themed episode was written by series creator Ryan Murphy, directed by Tate Donovan, and premiered on Fox on February 8, 2011.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ In this episode, Director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) assigns the McKinley High School glee club to perform love songs in honor of Valentine's Day.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ Club member Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith) sets up a kissing booth for the occasion, to take advantage of his rising popularity and raise money for the club.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ At the Dalton Academy, Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss) and the Dalton Academy Warblers make plans to perform a musical number outside of the campus, and Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) confesses his love for Blaine." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of her second album, a pop rock record titled \"One of the Boys\", and its singles \"I Kissed a Girl\" and \"Hot n Cold\".", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ The former track also sparked controversy for its sapphic themes.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010), ventured into disco, and was her first number one album on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ It topped the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with the singles \"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Gospel music __knowledge__ Gospel music is a genre of Christian music.", "Gospel music __knowledge__ The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of gospel music varies according to culture and social context.", "Gospel music __knowledge__ Gospel music is composed and performed for many purposes, including aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, and as an entertainment product for the marketplace.", "Gospel music __knowledge__ Gospel music usually has dominant vocals (often with strong use of harmony) with Christian lyrics.", "Gospel music __knowledge__ Gospel music can be traced to the early 17th century, with roots in the black oral tradition.", "Gospel music __knowledge__ Hymns and sacred songs were often repeated in a call and response fashion.", "Canaan Records __knowledge__ Canaan Records is a Christian record label and is a subsidiary of Word Entertainment.", "Canaan Records __knowledge__ It was started in 1965 by founder Marvin Norcross as a vehicle for the label's Southern Gospel quartets.", "Canaan Records __knowledge__ Their biggest artist to date is the Happy Goodman Family.", "Canaan Records __knowledge__ After being absent from the southern gospel music industry for several years, Word Entertainment revived the Canaan Records label in 2007, placing Dave Clark as the General Manager of the label and announcing Canaan's relaunch on June 6, 2007.", "Canaan Records __knowledge__ The first group to sign with the label after the relaunch was southern gospel veteran group, The Hoppers, who released their first Canaan Records album, \"The Ride\" on September 4, 2007.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer, musician, and actor.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\" or simply \"the King\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African American music to a wider audience.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues.", "Traditional black gospel __knowledge__ Traditional black gospel is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding African American Christian life, as well as (in terms of the varying music styles) to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music.", "Traditional black gospel __knowledge__ It is a form of Christian music and a subgenre of gospel music.", "Traditional black gospel __knowledge__ Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of gospel music varies according to culture and social context.", "Traditional black gospel __knowledge__ It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product for the marketplace.", "Indian National Army __knowledge__ The Indian National Army (INA; \"Azad Hind Fauj\" ; \"lit.", "Indian National Army __knowledge__ \": Free Indian Army) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II.", "Indian National Army __knowledge__ Its aim was to secure Indian independence from British rule.", "Indian National Army __knowledge__ It formed an alliance with Imperial Japan in the latter's campaign in the Southeast Asian theatre of WWII.", "Indian National Army __knowledge__ The army was first formed in 1942 under Mohan Singh, by Indian PoWs of the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan campaign and at Singapore.", "Indian National Army __knowledge__ This first INA collapsed and was disbanded in December that year after differences between the INA leadership and the Japanese military over its role in Japan's war in Asia.", "The Hinsons __knowledge__ Hinson is a name that now refers to several different southern gospel singing groups, all members of the same extended family.", "The Hinsons __knowledge__ The groups have different personnel and have shared the common name, 'The Hinsons' but each has a different lead singer: \"The Original Hinsons\" , featuring Kenny Hinson; \"The Hinsons,\" featuring Bo Hinson, and \"The Hinson Family,\" featuring Weston Hinson.", "The Hinsons __knowledge__ The Original Hinsons (sometimes referred to as The Singing Hinson Family) were a multi-award winning Southern Gospel group that was formed in 1967 and was active until 1994.", "The Hinsons __knowledge__ The Original Hinsons were a prominent southern gospel group.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Petra is a music group regarded as a pioneer of the Christian rock and contemporary Christian music genres.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Formed in 1972, the band took its name from the Greek word for \"rock\".", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Though it disbanded formally in 2006, incarnations have played reunion shows in the years since and released an album in November 2010.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ In 2013, it reformed with a new drummer, Cristian Borneo, and recorded a new song titled \"Holy is Your Name\", before going back on tour.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ With a style initially similar to The Eagles and Lynyrd Skynyrd, Petra's sound evolved into a more energetic, driving rock sound in the early 1980s akin to Foreigner, Styx and Journey." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of her second album, a pop rock record titled \"One of the Boys\", and its singles \"I Kissed a Girl\" and \"Hot n Cold\".", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ The former track also sparked controversy for its sapphic themes.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010), ventured into disco, and was her first number one album on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ It topped the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with the singles \"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Rurouni Kenshin\" features a large cast of fictional characters created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ Set in Japan during the Meiji period, several of the characters are real historical figures who interact with the fictional characters.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The story follows a pacifist wanderer named Himura Kenshin, who was previously an assassin known as \"\"Hitokiri Battōsai\"\" working for the Isshin Shishi during the Bakumatsu period.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ After helping Kamiya Kaoru, the instructor of a kendo school in Tokyo, in defeating a criminal he is invited by her to stay at her dojo.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ During his stay in Tokyo, Kenshin befriends new people including Myōjin Yahiko, a young child descendant from a samurai family who starts training under Kaoru, Sagara Sanosuke, a former Sekihō who enjoys fighting, and Takani Megumi, a doctor involved with the illegal drug trade.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring \"Saturday Night Live\" characters and sketches introduced between September 25, 2010, and May 21, 2011, the thirty-sixth season of \"SNL\".", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Vanessa Bayer plays teen Disney Channel star Miley Cyrus as the exuberant host of her own talk show.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ (Theme song: \"I've got guests, and a show, and I'm ready to go!", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ So I guess that's pretty cool!", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ It's pretty cool!\")", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Bryan Cranston played her father and house band leader Billy Ray Cyrus in the sketch's debut; he was replaced by Jason Sudeikis in later installments.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Bayer performed her impression of Cyrus during her auditions for SNL.", "Van Diemen __knowledge__ Van Diemen International, Ltd. was a British race car manufacturer based in Snetterton, Norfolk, United Kingdom.", "Van Diemen __knowledge__ The company had a reputation for high-volume production runs of its cars, the most well-known of which is its series of Formula Ford chassis, which have been at the forefront of that class of motorsport for over 20 years and led it to becoming the largest manufacturer of bespoke racing cars in the world.", "Van Diemen __knowledge__ As well as Formula Ford, Van Diemen built cars for Formula Ford 2000, Sports 2000 and Star Mazda series.", "Van Diemen __knowledge__ The company's purpose-built manufacturing facility was located on the grounds of Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit, allowing racing teams to test the cars right off the production line.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "History of Hobart __knowledge__ The modern history of the Australian city of Hobart (formerly 'Hobart Town', or 'Hobarton') in Tasmania dates to its foundation as a British colony in 1803.", "History of Hobart __knowledge__ Prior to British settlement, the area had been occupied for at least 8,000 years, but possibly for as long as 35,000 years, by the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe, a sub-group of the Nuennone, or South-East tribe.", "History of Hobart __knowledge__ The descendants of the indigenous Tasmanians now refer to themselves as 'Palawa'.", "History of Hobart __knowledge__ Little is known about the region from prehistoric times.", "History of Hobart __knowledge__ As with many other Australia cities, urbanisation has destroyed much of the archaeological evidence of indigenous occupation, although Aboriginal middens are often still present in coastal areas.", "2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 __knowledge__ The 2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race held on May 9, 2015, ending shortly after midnight on May 10, 2015 at Kansas Speedway in Kansas City, Kansas.", "2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 __knowledge__ Contested over 267 laps on the 1.5 mile (4.28 km) asphalt speedway, it was the 11th race of the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup season.", "2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 __knowledge__ Jimmie Johnson won the race, his third of the season.", "2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 __knowledge__ Kevin Harvick finished second.", "2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 __knowledge__ Dale Earnhardt, Jr. finished third.", "2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 __knowledge__ Jeff Gordon and Joey Logano rounded out the top five.", "2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 __knowledge__ Joey Logano won the pole for the race.", "2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 __knowledge__ He led 29 laps on his way to a fifth-place finish.", "2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 __knowledge__ Martin Truex, Jr. led 95 laps in the first of four straight races in which he led the most laps on his way to a ninth-place finish.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Dear... is The Grace's second Japanese album released on January 9, 2009.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ The title track \"\"Sukoshi de Ikara\" (少しでいいから) (A Little Bit of Good)\" was used as the movie \"Subaru\" soundtrack song.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Tenjochiki's second studio album includes 2 singles released from July 2008 in Japan including the B-side of their 7th single \"Here\": \"Near: Thoughtful 1220\" and the album consists of a total of 9 tracks.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ The album peaked #14 on Oricon daily album charts and #37 on the Oricon weekly album charts, charted for 3 weeks and sold 4,734 copies, making their most successful Japanese album so far.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Known as “The Grace” in Korea and “Tenjo Chiki” in Japan, the pop group consists of So.", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) __knowledge__ \"P.Y.T.", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) __knowledge__ (Pretty Young Thing)\" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson.", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) __knowledge__ It is the sixth single from Jackson's sixth solo album, \"Thriller\" (1982).", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) __knowledge__ The original demo version of the song was written by Jackson and Greg Phillinganes.", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) __knowledge__ Quincy Jones passed on the song itself but liked the title and, with James Ingram, fashioned a totally new song with that title.", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) __knowledge__ The demo version is featured on \"The Ultimate Collection\".", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) __knowledge__ \"P.Y.T.", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) __knowledge__ (Pretty Young Thing)\" was released on September 19, 1983, as the penultimate single from \"Thriller\".", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing) __knowledge__ The single charted at number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and no.", "Thriller (Michael Jackson album) __knowledge__ Thriller is the sixth studio album by American singer Michael Jackson, released on November 30, 1982, in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records.", "Thriller (Michael Jackson album) __knowledge__ It explores genres similar to Jackson's previous album, \"Off the Wall,\" including pop, post-disco, rock and funk.", "Thriller (Michael Jackson album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place from April to November 1982 at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles, with a production budget of $750,000.", "Thriller (Michael Jackson album) __knowledge__ Quincy Jones produced the album and Jackson wrote four of its nine songs.", "Thriller (Michael Jackson album) __knowledge__ In just over a year, \"Thriller\" became—and currently remains—the world's best-selling album, with estimated sales of 66 million copies.", "Norvell Austin __knowledge__ Norvell Austin (born 1958) is a retired American professional wrestler who made his debut in the late 1960s.", "Norvell Austin __knowledge__ Austin worked for most of his career in the Southern United States, most often in tag team competition.", "Norvell Austin __knowledge__ Norvell Austin is most famous for teaming with Sputnik Monroe in one of the first \"mixed races\" villainous teams seen in the south.", "Norvell Austin __knowledge__ Austin was also part of the original Midnight Express from 1981 to 1983.", "Norvell Austin __knowledge__ Later on he would team with fellow African American Koko B. Ware as one half of the \"Pretty Young Things\".", "Norvell Austin __knowledge__ Austin began his professional wrestling career in the late 1960s in the Florida/Alabama area.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ \"Silly Love Songs\" is the twelfth episode of the second season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the thirty-fourth overall.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ The Valentine's Day-themed episode was written by series creator Ryan Murphy, directed by Tate Donovan, and premiered on Fox on February 8, 2011.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ In this episode, Director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) assigns the McKinley High School glee club to perform love songs in honor of Valentine's Day.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ Club member Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith) sets up a kissing booth for the occasion, to take advantage of his rising popularity and raise money for the club.", "Silly Love Songs (Glee) __knowledge__ At the Dalton Academy, Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss) and the Dalton Academy Warblers make plans to perform a musical number outside of the campus, and Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) confesses his love for Blaine.", "The Pretty Young Things __knowledge__ The Pretty Young Things was a professional wrestling tag team, composed of Koko Ware and Norvell Austin.", "The Pretty Young Things __knowledge__ During a tag-team tournament in 1983, the masked Stagger Lee teamed up with fellow face Norvell Austin to take on “Fargo’s Fabulous Ones\" (Tommy Rich and \"Hot Stuff\" Eddie Gilbert).", "The Pretty Young Things __knowledge__ During the course of the match Stagger Lee’s mask was removed to reveal the man beneath it, prompting a heel turn for Ware.", "The Pretty Young Things __knowledge__ Austin and Ware became a regular tag team dubbed \"The Pretty Young Things\" or \"The PYT Express\".", "The Pretty Young Things __knowledge__ The two men soon began wearing red leather jackets, and each had a single white glove on, in an obvious imitation of Michael Jackson to further enhance their “pretty boy” image.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of supporting characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ is a fictional character in the anime \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ OVA In the OVA, Katsuhito, also known as , fled Jurai over 700 years ago to \"retire\" on Earth.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ He was once the greatest swordsman on Jurai.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Currently Katsuhito is a Shinto priest who is not only training Tenchi to be a Shinto priest but also training him in Jurai swordsmanship.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Yōshō had a marriage arranged with half-sister Ayeka, but left.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ At the time, not all Juraians liked the idea of mixed blood heritages (he is part human, on his mother's side) and he used Ryōko's attack as an excuse to slip away to Earth." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of her second album, a pop rock record titled \"One of the Boys\", and its singles \"I Kissed a Girl\" and \"Hot n Cold\".", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ The former track also sparked controversy for its sapphic themes.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010), ventured into disco, and was her first number one album on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ It topped the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with the singles \"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ Joanne is the fifth studio album by American singer Lady Gaga.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ It was released on October 21, 2016, by Streamline and Interscope Records.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ The album's production was led by Mark Ronson, Gaga herself and BloodPop, alongside a variety of collaborators including Kevin Parker, Emile Haynie, Jeff Bhasker and Josh Homme.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ The music of \"Joanne\" features \"stripped-down\" soft rock and dance-pop styles in order to emphasize the singer's vocal abilities.", "Joanne (album) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the album delves on the theme of family and life's emotions, with the death of her aunt, Joanne Stefani Germanotta, having a deep influence on the record.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She is known for her unconventionality and provocative work as well as experimenting with new images.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ Gaga began her musical career performing songs at open mic nights and school plays.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ She studied at CAP21 through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to become a professional musician.", "Lady Gaga __knowledge__ After Def Jam Recordings cancelled her contract, Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007.", "Born This Way Ball __knowledge__ The Born This Way Ball was the third concert tour by American singer Lady Gaga, in support of her second studio album \"Born This Way\" (2011).", "Born This Way Ball __knowledge__ The tour visited all continents, except Antarctica, and was ranked as the fifth highest-grossing tour of 2012 by Pollstar.", "Born This Way Ball __knowledge__ The tour grossed $22.5 million in 2013 according to Pollstar's year-end chart from the 18 dates played, bringing the Born This Way Ball Tour's total gross to $183.9 million from 98 dates.", "Born This Way Ball __knowledge__ The tour was well received by critics who praised the stage design, Gaga's vocal abilities and different expressive messages.", "Born This Way Ball __knowledge__ On February 13, 2013, after already announcing the postponement of shows in Chicago, Detroit, and Hamilton two days earlier due to an injury, Live Nation and Lady Gaga announced the cancellation of the remaining concert dates due to the singer's development of a break and a labral tear of the right hip caused by strenuous repetitive movements involved in the shows.", "Yup'ik __knowledge__ The Yup'ik or Yupiaq (sg & pl) and Yupiit or Yupiat (pl), also Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Central Yup'ik, Alaskan Yup'ik (own name \"Yup'ik\" \"Yupiik\" \"Yupiit\" ), are an Eskimo people of western and southwestern Alaska ranging from southern Norton Sound southwards along the coast of the Bering Sea on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (including living on Nelson and Nunivak Islands) and along the northern coast of Bristol Bay as far east as Nushagak Bay and the northern Alaska Peninsula at Naknek River and Egegik Bay.", "Yup'ik __knowledge__ They are also known as Cup'ik by the Chevak Cup'ik dialect-speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect-speaking Eskimo of Nunivak Island.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ The Fame Monster is a reissue of American singer Lady Gaga's debut studio album, \"The Fame\" (2008), and was released on November 18, 2009, through Interscope Records.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ Initially planned solely as a deluxe edition reissue of \"The Fame\", Interscope later decided to release the eight new songs as a standalone EP in some territories.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ The decision was also because Gaga believed the re-release was too expensive and that the albums were conceptually different, describing them as yin and yang.", "The Fame Monster __knowledge__ The deluxe edition is a double album featuring the eight new songs on the first disc and \"The Fame\" on the second disc.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ The Monster Ball Tour was the second worldwide concert tour by American singer Lady Gaga.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ Staged in support of her extended play \"The Fame Monster\" (2009) and comprising a set list of songs from that and her debut album \"The Fame\" (2008), the tour visited arenas and stadiums from 2009 through 2011.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ Described as \"the first-ever pop electro opera\" by Gaga, the tour was announced in October 2009 after an intended joint concert tour with hip-hop artist Kanye West was suddenly canceled.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ The Monster Ball Tour commenced four days after the release of \"The Fame Monster\" in November 2009.", "The Monster Ball Tour __knowledge__ A revision of the tour occurred after only a few months of performances, due to Gaga's concern that the original version was constructed within a very short span of time.", "Applause (Lady Gaga song) __knowledge__ \"Applause\" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third studio album, \"Artpop\" (2013).", "Applause (Lady Gaga song) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's lead single through Interscope Records on August 12, 2013.", "Applause (Lady Gaga song) __knowledge__ Written and produced by Gaga, DJ White Shadow, Dino Zisis and Nick Monson, additional songwriters included Martin Bresso, Nicolas Mercier, Julien Arias and William Grigahcine.", "Applause (Lady Gaga song) __knowledge__ \"Applause\" was inspired by the cheering of her fans, which kept her motivated during the months she toured with the Born This Way Ball in pain, before cancelling it due to a hip injury.", "Applause (Lady Gaga song) __knowledge__ It is an electropop and Eurodance song built around synthesizers and hi-NRG beats, with lyrics addressing how Gaga is dependent upon her fan's adoration and how she lives to perform.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "I Kissed a Girl __knowledge__ \"I Kissed a Girl\" is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry for her second studio album, \"One of the Boys\" (2008).", "I Kissed a Girl __knowledge__ It was released on April 28, 2008, by Capitol Records as the lead single from the record.", "I Kissed a Girl __knowledge__ Perry co-wrote the song with its producers Dr. Luke and Benny Blanco, with additional songwriting provided by Max Martin and Cathy Dennis.", "I Kissed a Girl __knowledge__ \"I Kissed a Girl\" is a pop rock song with elements of new wave.", "I Kissed a Girl __knowledge__ Perry stated its lyrics are \"about the magical beauty of a woman\".", "I Kissed a Girl __knowledge__ The song sparked controversy for its homosexual themes.", "I Kissed a Girl __knowledge__ The song topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for seven consecutive weeks, becoming the 1,000th number-one song of the rock era.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Max Martin __knowledge__ Martin Sandberg (born 26 February 1971), known professionally as Max Martin, is a Swedish songwriter, record producer and singer.", "Max Martin __knowledge__ He rose to prominence in the second half of the 1990s after making a string of major hits for artists such as the Backstreet Boys, Britney Spears and NSYNC.", "Max Martin __knowledge__ Some of his earlier hits include \"...Baby One More Time\" (1998), \"I Want It That Way\" (1999) and \"It's My Life\" (2000).", "Max Martin __knowledge__ Martin has written or co-written 22 \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one hits, most of which he has also produced or co-produced, including Katy Perry's \"I Kissed a Girl\" (2008), Maroon 5's \"One More Night\" (2012), Taylor Swift's \"Blank Space\" (2014), and The Weeknd's \"Can't Feel My Face\" (2015)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Perry rose to fame in 2008 with the release of her second album, a pop rock record titled \"One of the Boys\", and its singles \"I Kissed a Girl\" and \"Hot n Cold\".", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ The former track also sparked controversy for its sapphic themes.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010), ventured into disco, and was her first number one album on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200.", "Katy Perry __knowledge__ It topped the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with the singles \"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T.", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Born This Way (song) __knowledge__ \"Born This Way\" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga, and the lead single from her second studio album of the same name.", "Born This Way (song) __knowledge__ Written by Gaga and Jeppe Laursen, who produced it along with Fernando Garibay and DJ White Shadow, the track was developed while Gaga was on the road with The Monster Ball Tour.", "Born This Way (song) __knowledge__ Inspired by 1990s music which empowered women and the gay community, Gaga explained that \"Born This Way\" was her freedom song.", "Born This Way (song) __knowledge__ She sang part of the chorus at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards in 2010 and announced the song as the lead single from the album, released on February 11, 2011.", "Born This Way (song) __knowledge__ \"Born This Way\" is backed by rumbling synth sounds, a humming bass and additional chorus percussion, with sole organ toward the end.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ \"Marry the Night\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Lady Gaga.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ It was released as the fifth and final single from her second studio album, \"Born This Way\" (2011).", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Lady Gaga and Fernando Garibay, and was recorded on the tour bus during The Monster Ball Tour with Garibay.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ Revealed in February 2011, the song was inspired by the energy of Gaga's previous song \"Dance in the Dark\" and the love for her hometown, New York City.", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ The song was released for promotion on Farmville, six days before the release of \"Born This Way\".", "Marry the Night __knowledge__ \"Marry the Night\" is a dance-pop and synthpop song influenced by electro rock and house music.", "Post-disco __knowledge__ Post-disco is a term to describe an aftermath in popular music history circa late 1979–1986, imprecisely beginning with an unprecedented backlash against disco music in the United States, leading to civil unrest and a riot in Chicago known as the Disco Demolition Night on July 12, 1979, and indistinctly ending with the mainstream appearance of house music in the late 1980s.", "Post-disco __knowledge__ Disco during its dying stage displayed an increasingly electronic character that soon served as a stepping stone to new wave, old-school hip hop, euro disco and was succeeded by an underground club music called hi-NRG, which was its direct continuation.", "The Edge of Glory __knowledge__ \"The Edge of Glory\" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her second studio album, \"Born This Way\" (2011).", "The Edge of Glory __knowledge__ The song was released on May 9, 2011 as the album's third single.", "The Edge of Glory __knowledge__ Initially released as one of two promotional singles for \"Born This Way\", it shortly became a single following its success in digital outlets worldwide.", "The Edge of Glory __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Gaga and Fernando Garibay, and is a pop, electro-rock, and disco song that speaks of the very last moments of life.", "The Edge of Glory __knowledge__ According to Gaga, lyrical inspiration came from the death of her grandfather, who died in September 2010.", "The Edge of Glory __knowledge__ Alongside a saxophone solo played by the late Clarence Clemons, the melody of the song resembles much of the musical works of Bruce Springsteen, and contains several qualities similar to that of 1980s adult contemporary musical works.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Born This Way (album) __knowledge__ Born This Way is the second studio album by American singer Lady Gaga, released by Interscope Records on May 23, 2011.", "Born This Way (album) __knowledge__ It is a follow-up to her internationally successful album \"The Fame\" (2008) and EP \"The Fame Monster\" (2009).", "Born This Way (album) __knowledge__ As co-producer of every track on the album, Gaga collaborated with several producers, including RedOne and Fernando Garibay, with whom she had previously worked.", "Born This Way (album) __knowledge__ She also worked with artists such as E Street Band saxophonist Clarence Clemons and Queen guitarist Brian May.", "Born This Way (album) __knowledge__ The music of \"Born This Way\" stems from the synthpop and dance-pop styles of her previous material while incorporating different forms of instrumentation from that on her previous releases, such as electronic rock and techno.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album) __knowledge__ Teenage Dream is the third studio album by American singer Katy Perry.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album) __knowledge__ It was released on August 24, 2010, through Capitol Records.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album) __knowledge__ Musically, it contains pop and dance-pop with influences of disco, electronic, funk, house, gothic rock, Hi-NRG, and hip hop.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album) __knowledge__ Lyrically, it revolves around teenage love, partying, self-empowerment, and personal growth.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album) __knowledge__ Perry co-wrote every song on the album, and also worked with a number of producers and writers, including Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Benny Blanco, Tricky Stewart, StarGate, Greg Kurstin, Bonnie McKee and Ester Dean.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album) __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"Teenage Dream\" received generally mixed reviews from music critics, who complimented its production and themes while denouncing Perry's songwriting.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ \"Teenage Dream\" is a song by American singer Katy Perry.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ It was released as the second single from her third studio album of the same name on July 23, 2010.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ Perry and Bonnie McKee wrote many songs with youthful themes in mind, but they were rejected by producers Benny Blanco and Dr. Luke.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ Blanco showed them The Teenagers' single \"Homecoming\", and McKee imagined \"Teenage Dream\" as a throwback song to the euphoric feelings of being in love as a teenager.", "Teenage Dream (Katy Perry song) __knowledge__ They met with Max Martin in Perry's hometown of Santa Barbara, California and started writing the track at Playback Recording Studio, which Perry later described as a pure moment for her.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ Warner Bros. Records Inc. is an American major record label established in 1958 as the foundation label of the present-day Warner Music Group (WMG), and now operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of that corporation.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19, 1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros.. For most of its early existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a convoluted series of corporate mergers and acquisitions from the early 1960s to the early 2000s.", "Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection __knowledge__ Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection is a reissue of American singer Katy Perry's third studio album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010).", "Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2012 by Capitol Records, nearly two years after the original album.", "Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection __knowledge__ Perry collaborated with producers including Tricky Stewart to refine leftover material from the recording sessions at Playback Recording Studio for \"Teenage Dream\".", "Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection __knowledge__ The final product features three newly recorded songs, which incorporate pop styles previously seen in the original album, an acoustic version of \"The One That Got Away\" and three additional official remixes.", "Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection\" was met with generally mixed reviews from music critics, who were ambivalent towards the new songs' production and questioned the decision to reissue \"Teenage Dream\".", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 6, 8, 5 ]

[ "Of course I have! I love her story. She comes from good roots, since she used to sing ina church and wanted to get into gospel music.", "She was born October 25, 1984, actually. She's still pretty young.", "She was doing alright when she started out, but she really rose to fame in 2008 when she dropped her second album, \"One of the Boys.\" Had that song \"I kissed a girl\"!", "She's in her own league. She even tried out disco music with her third album, \"Teenage Dream,\" and that led to her topping the US Billboard 200. So she's no slouch", "Yep, she's with Capitol Records now since April 2007, so she'll keep making good music for all to hear!" ]

[ "Katy Perry", "Katy Perry", "Katy Perry", "Katy Perry", "Katy Perry" ]

[ "Victorian era", "I actually live in a Victorian Home! They're one of my favorite architecture.", "I've never heard of that. I think Queen Victoria was the mother of King Edward?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the \"Belle Époque\" era of continental Europe.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Defined according to sensibilities and political concerns, the period is sometimes considered to begin with the passage of the Reform Act 1832.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The period is characterised as one of relative peace among the great powers (as established by the Congress of Vienna), increased economic activity, \"refined sensibilities\" and national self-confidence for Great Britain.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period and an increasing turn towards romanticism and mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In international relations, the supremacy of the Royal Navy helped maintain a period of relative peace among the great powers (\"Pax Britannica\") as well as economic, colonial, and industrial consolidation and expansion, a notable exception being the Crimean War (1853–56).", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Britain embarked on global imperial expansion, particularly in Asia and Africa, which made the British Empire the largest empire in history." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the \"Belle Époque\" era of continental Europe.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Defined according to sensibilities and political concerns, the period is sometimes considered to begin with the passage of the Reform Act 1832.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The period is characterised as one of relative peace among the great powers (as established by the Congress of Vienna), increased economic activity, \"refined sensibilities\" and national self-confidence for Great Britain.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period and an increasing turn towards romanticism and mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In international relations, the supremacy of the Royal Navy helped maintain a period of relative peace among the great powers (\"Pax Britannica\") as well as economic, colonial, and industrial consolidation and expansion, a notable exception being the Crimean War (1853–56).", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Britain embarked on global imperial expansion, particularly in Asia and Africa, which made the British Empire the largest empire in history.", "Carlos Eduardo Stolk __knowledge__ Carlos Eduardo Stolk Mendoza (4 April 1912 – 9 November 1995) was a lawyer, diplomat and business magnate who is well-known for his role as a delegate during World War II, as a founding representative of the United Nations and as chairman to various of its strategic committees.", "Carlos Eduardo Stolk __knowledge__ Stolk contributed to the establishment of the State of Israel after voting in favor of Resolution 181 (United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine) (1947) of the UN.", "Carlos Eduardo Stolk __knowledge__ Carlos Eduardo Stolk was born in Caracas, Venezuela to Teunis Felipe Stolk and Trinidad Mendoza.", "Carlos Eduardo Stolk __knowledge__ He earned a Juris Doctor and a Master in Political Science from Central University of Venezuela.", "Chrysler Building __knowledge__ The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco-style skyscraper located on the East Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan.", "Chrysler Building __knowledge__ At , the structure was the world's tallest building for 11 months before it was surpassed by the Empire State Building in 1931.", "Chrysler Building __knowledge__ It is the tallest brick building in the world with a steel framework.", "Chrysler Building __knowledge__ , the Chrysler is the fifth-tallest building in the city.", "Chrysler Building __knowledge__ Originally a project of real estate developer and former New York State Senator William H. Reynolds, the building was constructed by Walter Chrysler, the head of the Chrysler Corporation, and served as the corporation's headquarters from 1930 until the mid-1950s.", "Jan van Stolk __knowledge__ Jan van Stolk (March 11, 1920 in Santa Brigida – December 20, 1997 in Oosterbeek) was a Dutch ceramist.", "Jan van Stolk __knowledge__ Van Stolk was the son of Pieter Adriaan van Stolk and Sophie van der Does de Willebois.", "Jan van Stolk __knowledge__ He was born in the Canary Islands and later lived with his parents in Italy, the Netherlands and Greece.", "Jan van Stolk __knowledge__ In the 1930 he came with his mother and stepfather Luigi de Lerma back to the Netherlands.", "Jan van Stolk __knowledge__ They were both potters and started a studio in Utrecht Groenekan.", "Jan van Stolk __knowledge__ Van Stolk participated in their workshops.", "Jan van Stolk __knowledge__ During World War II he studied at the Art Academy in Arnhem under Gijs Jacobs van den Hof.", "Jan van Stolk __knowledge__ In 1946, Van Stolk began his own studio in Nijmegen, from 1953 in Oosterbeek.", "America's Favorite Architecture __knowledge__ \"America's Favorite Architecture\" is a list of buildings and other structures identified as the most popular works of architecture in the United States.", "America's Favorite Architecture __knowledge__ In 2006 and 2007, the American Institute of Architects (AIA) sponsored research to identify the most popular works of architecture in the United States.", "America's Favorite Architecture __knowledge__ Harris Interactive conducted the study by first polling a sample of the AIA membership and later polling a sample of the public.", "America's Favorite Architecture __knowledge__ In the first phase of the study, 2,448 AIA members were interviewed and asked to identify their \"favorite\" structures.", "America's Favorite Architecture __knowledge__ Each was asked to name up to 20 structures in each of 15 defined categories.", "Jimmy Leonard Stolk __knowledge__ Jimmy Leonard Stolk (born 1942) is a Surinamese former soldier, entrepreneur, and suspect in the trial about the December murders.", "Jimmy Leonard Stolk __knowledge__ Stolk was active as a military in the Surinamese army during the government (military dictatorship) of Dési Bouterse, and is suspected of involvement in the December Murders of 1982.", "Jimmy Leonard Stolk __knowledge__ Stolk was head of the prison, and member of the military tribunal.", "Jimmy Leonard Stolk __knowledge__ Stolk transported one of the victims of the December Murders, the soldier Jiwansingh Sheombar, from the Memre Boekoe barracks to Fort Zeelandia in his own car; according to Stolk by command of his superiors, and for interrogation.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ Designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and completed in 1931, the building has a roof height of and stands a total of tall, including its antenna.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ Its name is derived from \"Empire State\", the nickname of New York.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ the building is the 5th-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 28th-tallest in the world.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ It is also the 6th-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ The site of the Empire State Building, located on the west side of Fifth Avenue between West 33rd and 34th Streets, was originally part of an early 18th century farm.", "White House __knowledge__ The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States.", "White House __knowledge__ It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800.", "White House __knowledge__ The term \"White House\" is often used as a metonym for the president and his advisers, as in \"The White House announced that...\".", "White House __knowledge__ The residence was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban in the neoclassical style.", "White House __knowledge__ Construction took place between 1792 and 1800 using Aquia Creek sandstone painted white.", "White House __knowledge__ When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) added low colonnades on each wing that concealed stables and storage.", "Women in the Victorian era __knowledge__ The status of women in the Victorian era was often seen as an illustration of the striking discrepancy between the United Kingdom's national power and wealth and what many, then and now, consider its appalling social conditions.", "Women in the Victorian era __knowledge__ During the era symbolized by the reign of British monarch Queen Victoria, women did not have the right to vote, sue, or own property.", "Women in the Victorian era __knowledge__ At the same time, women participated in the paid workforce in increasing numbers following the Industrial Revolution.", "Women in the Victorian era __knowledge__ Feminist ideas spread among the educated middle classes, discriminatory laws were repealed, and the women's suffrage movement gained momentum in the last years of the Victorian era.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Victorian fashion __knowledge__ Victorian fashion comprises the various fashions and trends in British culture that emerged and developed in the United Kingdom and the British Empire throughout the Victorian era, roughly 1830s to 1900s (decade).", "Victorian fashion __knowledge__ The period saw many changes in fashion, including changes in styles, fashion technology and the methods of distribution.", "Victorian fashion __knowledge__ Various movement in architecture, literature, and the decorative and visual arts as well as a changing perception of the traditional gender roles also influenced fashion Under Queen Victoria's rule, England enjoyed a period of economic growth along with technological advancement.", "History of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The history of the United Kingdom as a unified sovereign state began in 1707 with the political union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland, into a united kingdom called Great Britain.", "History of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Of this new state the historian Simon Schama said: The Act of Union 1800 added the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.", "History of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The first decades were marked by Jacobite risings which ended with defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746.", "History of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In 1763, victory in the Seven Years' War led to the growth of the First British Empire.", "History of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ With the defeat by the United States, France and Spain in the War of American Independence, Britain lost its 13 American colonies and rebuilt its second British Empire based in Asia and Africa.", "Victorian morality __knowledge__ Victorian morality is a distillation of the moral views of people living at the time of Queen Victoria's reign (1837–1901) and of the moral climate of the United Kingdom of the 19th century in general, which contrasted greatly with the morality of the previous Georgian period.", "Victorian morality __knowledge__ Many of these values spread throughout the British Empire.", "Victorian morality __knowledge__ Today, the term \"Victorian morality\" can describe any set of values that espouse sexual restraint, low tolerance of crime and a strict social code of conduct.", "Victorian morality __knowledge__ The term \"Victorian\" was first used during the Great Exhibition in London (1851), where Victorian inventions and morals were shown to the world.", "Queen Victoria __knowledge__ Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death.", "Queen Victoria __knowledge__ On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India.", "Queen Victoria __knowledge__ Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III.", "Queen Victoria __knowledge__ Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.", "Queen Victoria __knowledge__ She inherited the throne at the age of 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the \"Belle Époque\" era of continental Europe.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Defined according to sensibilities and political concerns, the period is sometimes considered to begin with the passage of the Reform Act 1832.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ The period is characterised as one of relative peace among the great powers (as established by the Congress of Vienna), increased economic activity, \"refined sensibilities\" and national self-confidence for Great Britain.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period and an increasing turn towards romanticism and mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and arts.", "Victorian era __knowledge__ In international relations, the supremacy of the Royal Navy helped maintain a period of relative peace among the great powers (\"Pax Britannica\") as well as economic, colonial, and industrial consolidation and expansion, a notable exception being the Crimean War (1853–56).", "Victorian era __knowledge__ Britain embarked on global imperial expansion, particularly in Asia and Africa, which made the British Empire the largest empire in history.", "Grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha __knowledge__ This is a list of the 42 grandchildren of the British Queen Victoria (1819–1901, queen from 1837, married 1840) and her husband Prince Albert (the Prince Consort, 1819–1861), each of whom was therefore either a sibling or a first cousin to each of the others.", "Grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha __knowledge__ It also lists Victoria and Albert's 9 children and 87 great-grandchildren, as well as the spouses of those children and grandchildren who married.", "Grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha __knowledge__ Victoria and Albert had 20 grandsons and 22 granddaughters, of whom two (the youngest sons of Prince Alfred and Princess Helena) were stillborn, and two more (Prince Alexander John of Wales and Prince Harald of Schleswig-Holstein) died shortly after birth.", "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, (Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore; later Princess Henry of Battenberg; 14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944) was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.", "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ King Felipe VI of Spain is her great-great-grandson.", "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Beatrice was the last of Queen Victoria's children to die, 66 years after the first, her sister Alice.", "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Beatrice's childhood coincided with Queen Victoria's grief following the death of her husband Albert, Prince Consort on 14 December 1861.", "Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ As her elder sisters married and left their mother, Queen Victoria came to rely on the company of her youngest daughter, whom she called \"Baby\" for most of her childhood.", "History of monarchy in Canada __knowledge__ The history of monarchy in Canada stretches from pre-colonial times through to the present day.", "History of monarchy in Canada __knowledge__ Canada's monarchical status began with the establishment of the French colony of New France in the name of King Francis I in 1534; although a previous claim was made by England in the name of King Henry VII in 1497 when John Cabot made landfall in what is thought to be modern day Newfoundland or Nova Scotia.", "History of monarchy in Canada __knowledge__ Through both these lineages, the present Canadian monarchy can trace itself back to the Anglo-Saxon period and ultimately to the kings of the Angles and the early Scottish kings.", "History of monarchy in Canada __knowledge__ Kings and queens reigning over Canada have included the monarchs of France (to King Louis XV in 1763), those of the United Kingdom (to King George V in 1931), and those of Canada (to Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada today).", "Edward VIII __knowledge__ Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year.", "Edward VIII __knowledge__ Edward was the eldest son of King George V and Queen Mary.", "Edward VIII __knowledge__ He was named Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday, nine weeks after his father succeeded as king.", "Edward VIII __knowledge__ As a young man, he served in the British Army during the First World War and undertook several overseas tours on behalf of his father.", "Edward VIII __knowledge__ Edward became king on his father's death in early 1936.", "Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll __knowledge__ Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, (Louise Caroline Alberta; 18 March 1848 – 3 December 1939) was the sixth child and fourth daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.", "Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll __knowledge__ Her early life was spent moving among the various royal residences in the company of her family.", "Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll __knowledge__ When her father, the Prince Consort, died on 14 December 1861, the court went into a period of intense mourning, to which Louise was unsympathetic.", "Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll __knowledge__ Louise was an able sculptor and artist, and several of her sculptures remain today.", "Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll __knowledge__ She was also a supporter of the feminist movement, corresponded with Josephine Butler, and visited Elizabeth Garrett.", "George V __knowledge__ George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.", "George V __knowledge__ He was the second son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra), and grandson of the then-reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria.", "George V __knowledge__ From the time of his birth, he was third in the line of succession behind his father and his own elder brother, Prince Albert Victor.", "George V __knowledge__ From 1877 to 1891, George served in the Royal Navy, until the unexpected death of his elder brother in early 1892 put him directly in line for the throne.", "Victoria, Princess Royal __knowledge__ Victoria, Princess Royal (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa; 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was German Empress and Queen of Prussia by marriage to German Emperor Frederick III.", "Victoria, Princess Royal __knowledge__ She was the eldest child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and was created Princess Royal in 1841.", "Victoria, Princess Royal __knowledge__ She was the mother of Wilhelm II, German Emperor.", "Victoria, Princess Royal __knowledge__ Educated by her father in a highly politically liberal attitude, she was betrothed at the age of sixteen to Prince Frederick of Prussia and supported him in his views that Prussia and the later German Empire would become a constitutional monarchy on the British model.", "Belle Epoque (band) __knowledge__ Belle Epoque (also referenced in some sources as La Belle Epoque) was the name of a female vocal trio, based in Paris, France.", "Belle Epoque (band) __knowledge__ The group first rose to popularity during the late 1970s with a disco remake of the song, \"Black Is Black\", originally a hit in 1966 for the Spanish group Los Bravos.", "Belle Epoque (band) __knowledge__ Belle Epoque consisted of lead singer Evelyne Lenton, a French singer who began recording and performing in the early 1960s under the name Evy, as well as two back-up singers.", "Belle Epoque (band) __knowledge__ Originally, the back-up singers were Jusy Fortes (also known as Judy Lisboa), originating from Cape Verde, and Marcia Briscoe (also known as Marcia Briscue), hailing from Atlanta, Georgia.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Belle Epoque (film) __knowledge__ Belle Epoque is a 1992 Spanish comedy-drama film directed by Fernando Trueba.", "Belle Epoque (film) __knowledge__ The title does not derive from the period in French history known as the \"Belle Époque\" (\"The Beautiful Era\") but from the days before the Spanish Civil War.", "Belle Epoque (film) __knowledge__ \"Belle Epoque\" received the Goya Award for Best Film along with eight other Goya Awards and was named Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Academy Awards.", "Belle Epoque (film) __knowledge__ The year is 1931.", "Belle Epoque (film) __knowledge__ Spain is politically divided between Republicans and Traditionalists and on the verge of the Spanish Second Republic.", "Belle Epoque (film) __knowledge__ Fernando, a young soldier, deserts.", "Belle Epoque (film) __knowledge__ He befriends Manolo (Fernando Fernán Gómez), an old man with a large house in the country.", "La Belle Epoque (barge) __knowledge__ La Belle Epoque is a barge of the Belgian \"spits\" category.", "La Belle Epoque (barge) __knowledge__ She was built in 1930 to carry (mainly) timber.", "La Belle Epoque (barge) __knowledge__ Renovated in 1995, she is now one of a fleet of around 60 hotel barges that operate on the French waterways for international tourists, and is currently on the Burgundy Canal in central France.", "La Belle Epoque (barge) __knowledge__ The waterway authority Voies Navigables de France is promoting expansion of this activity, based on a study commissioned in 2015.", "La Belle Epoque (barge) __knowledge__ \"La Belle Epoque\" was built in the Netherlands in 1930, her original name being \"Savornin Lohmann\" and the original owner was Leendert Kruijt.", "La Belle Epoque (barge) __knowledge__ When World War II broke out, the Kruijt family moved with their barge to France and started carrying timber along the canals and rivers of France.", "Paris architecture of the Belle Époque __knowledge__ The architecture of Paris created during the \"Belle Époque\", between 1871 and the beginning of the First World War in 1914, was notable for its variety of different styles, from neo-Byzantine and neo-Gothic to classicism, Art Nouveau and Art Deco.", "Paris architecture of the Belle Époque __knowledge__ It was also known for its lavish decoration and its imaginative use of both new and traditional materials, including iron, plate glass, colored tile and reinforced concrete.", "Paris architecture of the Belle Époque __knowledge__ Notable buildings and structures of the period include the Eiffel Tower, the Grand Palais, the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, the Gare de Lyon, the Bon Marché department store, and the entries of the stations of the Paris Metro designed by Hector Guimard.", "Albert Verrecchia __knowledge__ Albert Verrecchia (a.k.a.", "Albert Verrecchia __knowledge__ Albert Weyman and Albert Prince) is a French-born keyboard player, composer and record producer, long time resident of, and working in, Italy.", "Albert Verrecchia __knowledge__ Born in Paris and raised in a family of musicians, Albert Verrecchia started very young with his sister (Évelyne) who was already recording.", "Albert Verrecchia __knowledge__ He got a band together for her in Paris, Les Problèmes and then joined Vigon et les Lemons, a R&B ensemble with an awesome horn section, that eventually became Evy's backing group.", "Albert Verrecchia __knowledge__ Then Evy had them all move to Italy, where she got some popularity with the single \"L'Abito Non Fa il Beatnik\" (1966) – an Italian cover of Jackie Edwards' and Spencer Davis Group's 1965 UK number one hit, \"Keep on Running\" – and they started playing live in most of night clubs, both in Italy and in France as well as in North Africa, especially at the 'Titan Club' in Rome and at 'Bus Palladium' in Paris." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4 ]

[ "Do you enjoy the Victorian Era? It is the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 20, 1837-Jan 22 1901", "Oh that would be so beautiful! I read that the era followed the Georgian period and it's later half overlaps with the first part of the \"Belle Epoque\" era of continental Europe", "I believe so. The period is characterised as one of relative peace among the great powers of the time, increased economic activity, refined sensibilities, and national self-confidence for Great Britian" ]

[ "Victorian era", "Victorian era", "Victorian era" ]

[ "Historical fiction\nI like to read historical fiction, do you?", "Yes I agree, what can you tell me about historical fiction?", "Oh I did not know that but that is very interesting", "That makes perfect sense, anything else I should know about historical fiction?", "I can see where that would be important" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction is a literary genre in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction can be an umbrella term; though commonly used as a synonym for describing the historical novel; the term can be applied to works in other narrative formats, such as those in the performing and visual arts like theatre, opera, cinema and television, as well as video games and graphic novels.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ An essential element of historical fiction is that it is set in the past and pays attention to the manners, social conditions and other details of the period depicted.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Authors also frequently choose to explore notable historical figures in these settings, allowing readers to better understand how these individuals might have responded to their environments.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Some subgenres such as alternate history and historical fantasy insert speculative or ahistorical elements into a novel.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Works of historical fiction are sometimes criticized for lack of authenticity because of readerly or genre expectations for accurate period details.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ This tension between historical authenticity, or historicity, and fiction frequently becomes a point of comment for readers and popular critics, while scholarly criticism frequently goes beyond this commentary, investigating the genre for its other thematic and critical interests.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ The Historical Novel Society (HNS) is a nonprofit international literary society devoted to promotion of and advocacy for the genre of historical fiction.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ There are varying definitions as to what types of literature fall within the scope of historical fiction.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ One of the broadest definitions of the genre is “fiction that is set in the past, before the author’s lifetime and experience.” The HNS has adopted this broader definition, accepting as historical fiction any novel written at least fifty years after the events described, or by an individual who was not alive at the time of those events, and thus approaches them from a research perspective.", "Nautical fiction __knowledge__ Nautical fiction, frequently also naval fiction, sea fiction, naval adventure fiction or maritime fiction, is a genre of literature with a setting on or near the sea, that focuses on the human relationship to the sea and sea voyages and highlights nautical culture in these environments.", "Nautical fiction __knowledge__ The settings of nautical fiction vary greatly, including merchant ships, liners, naval ships, fishing vessels, life boats, etc., along with sea ports and fishing villages.", "Nautical fiction __knowledge__ When describing nautical fiction, scholars most frequently refer to novels, novellas, and short stories, sometimes under the name of sea novels or sea stories.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ The Special Activities Division (SAD) is a division of the United States Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ Within SAD there are two separate groups: SAD/SOG for tactical paramilitary operations and SAD/PAG for covert political action.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ SAD's name changed to Special Activities Center as a result of the modernization and reorganization of the CIA in 2016.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ The Special Operations Group (SOG) is the department within SAD responsible for operations that include high-threat military or covert operations which the US government does not wish to be overtly associated.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ As such, unit members, called Paramilitary Operations Officers and Specialized Skills Officers, do not typically carry any objects or clothing, e.g., military uniforms, that would associate them with the United States government.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Historical romance (also historical novel) is a broad category of fiction in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Walter Scott helped popularize this genre in the early 19th-century, with works such as \"Rob Roy\" and \"Ivanhoe\".", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Literary fiction historical romances continue to be published, and a notable recent example is \"Wolf Hall\" (2009), a multi-award winning novel by English historical novelist Hilary Mantel.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ It is also a genre of mass-market fiction, which is related to the broader romantic love genre.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ The terms \"romance novel\" and \"historical romance\" are ambiguous, because the word \"romance\", and the associated word \"romantic\", have a number of different meanings.", "Slovene historical fiction __knowledge__ Slovene historical fiction in form of historical tale (\"zgodovinska povest\") or historical novel (\"\") is besides rural story the central national constitutive genre.", "Slovene historical fiction __knowledge__ Slovene historical narratives started with the 500-line epic poem \"The Baptism on the Savica\" (\"Krst pri Savici\") by France Prešeren in 1836, dealing with the defeat of the pagan Slovenes by the Christian Slovenes in the Bohinj valley in 772.", "Slovene historical fiction __knowledge__ Only the leader Črtomir remains alive.", "Slovene historical fiction __knowledge__ He finds out his betrothed Bogomila has been baptized and has gone to convent – she just kept the promise to St. Mary if her beloved Črtomir would survive the battle.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction is a literary genre in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction can be an umbrella term; though commonly used as a synonym for describing the historical novel; the term can be applied to works in other narrative formats, such as those in the performing and visual arts like theatre, opera, cinema and television, as well as video games and graphic novels.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ An essential element of historical fiction is that it is set in the past and pays attention to the manners, social conditions and other details of the period depicted.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Authors also frequently choose to explore notable historical figures in these settings, allowing readers to better understand how these individuals might have responded to their environments.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Some subgenres such as alternate history and historical fantasy insert speculative or ahistorical elements into a novel.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Works of historical fiction are sometimes criticized for lack of authenticity because of readerly or genre expectations for accurate period details.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ This tension between historical authenticity, or historicity, and fiction frequently becomes a point of comment for readers and popular critics, while scholarly criticism frequently goes beyond this commentary, investigating the genre for its other thematic and critical interests.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ The Historical Novel Society (HNS) is a nonprofit international literary society devoted to promotion of and advocacy for the genre of historical fiction.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ There are varying definitions as to what types of literature fall within the scope of historical fiction.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ One of the broadest definitions of the genre is “fiction that is set in the past, before the author’s lifetime and experience.” The HNS has adopted this broader definition, accepting as historical fiction any novel written at least fifty years after the events described, or by an individual who was not alive at the time of those events, and thus approaches them from a research perspective.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Historical romance (also historical novel) is a broad category of fiction in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Walter Scott helped popularize this genre in the early 19th-century, with works such as \"Rob Roy\" and \"Ivanhoe\".", "Historical romance __knowledge__ Literary fiction historical romances continue to be published, and a notable recent example is \"Wolf Hall\" (2009), a multi-award winning novel by English historical novelist Hilary Mantel.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ It is also a genre of mass-market fiction, which is related to the broader romantic love genre.", "Historical romance __knowledge__ The terms \"romance novel\" and \"historical romance\" are ambiguous, because the word \"romance\", and the associated word \"romantic\", have a number of different meanings.", "Slovene historical fiction __knowledge__ Slovene historical fiction in form of historical tale (\"zgodovinska povest\") or historical novel (\"\") is besides rural story the central national constitutive genre.", "Slovene historical fiction __knowledge__ Slovene historical narratives started with the 500-line epic poem \"The Baptism on the Savica\" (\"Krst pri Savici\") by France Prešeren in 1836, dealing with the defeat of the pagan Slovenes by the Christian Slovenes in the Bohinj valley in 772.", "Slovene historical fiction __knowledge__ Only the leader Črtomir remains alive.", "Slovene historical fiction __knowledge__ He finds out his betrothed Bogomila has been baptized and has gone to convent – she just kept the promise to St. Mary if her beloved Črtomir would survive the battle.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "List of genres __knowledge__ This is a list of genres of literature and entertainment, excluding .", "List of genres __knowledge__ Genre is the term for any category of literature or other forms of art or entertainment, e.g.", "List of genres __knowledge__ music, whether written or spoken, audio or visual, based on some set of stylistic criteria.", "List of genres __knowledge__ Genres are formed by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones are discontinued.", "List of genres __knowledge__ Often, works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions.", "List of genres __knowledge__ Absurdist and surreal fiction challenges causal reasoning and the purposefulness of life.", "List of genres __knowledge__ There is often, though not always, a connection to comedy.", "I Married Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ The 1976 book I Married Wyatt Earp was believed to be a memoir of his widow Josephine Earp, but was many years later described as a fraud, creative exercise, and a hoax.", "I Married Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ Originally published by the respected University of Arizona Press, it is the second best-selling book about western Deputy U.S.", "I Married Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ Marshal Wyatt Earp ever sold.", "I Married Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ It was regarded for many years as a factual account that shed considerable light on the life of Wyatt Earp and his brothers in Tombstone, Arizona Territory.", "I Married Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ It was cited in scholarly works, assigned as classroom work, and used as a source by filmmakers.", "I Married Wyatt Earp __knowledge__ Amateur Earp historian Glenn Boyer said that the retouched image on the cover of a scantily-clad woman was of Josephine in her 20s, and based on his statements, copies of the image were later sold at auction for up to $2,875.", "Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers __knowledge__ Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers is a role-playing video game developed by Atlus.", "Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers __knowledge__ Forming part of the \"Megami Tensei\" series, \"Soul Hackers\" is the second game in the \"Devil Summoner\" subseries.", "Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers __knowledge__ Originally published by Atlus for the Sega Saturn in 1997, it was later ported to the PlayStation (1999) and Nintendo 3DS (2012).", "Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers __knowledge__ The latter port was released in the West in 2013: Atlus published the title in North America, while NIS America published it in Europe.", "Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers __knowledge__ \"Soul Hackers\" takes place in the fictional Amami City, a technologically-advanced Japanese metropolis.", "Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers __knowledge__ The main protagonist, a member of a hacker group called the Spookies, gains access to the closed beta for Paradigm X, an online game designed to connect the citizens of Amami.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Emergency psychiatry __knowledge__ Emergency psychiatry is the clinical application of psychiatry in emergency settings.", "Emergency psychiatry __knowledge__ Conditions requiring psychiatric interventions may include attempted suicide, substance abuse, depression, psychosis, violence or other rapid changes in behavior.", "Emergency psychiatry __knowledge__ Psychiatric emergency services are rendered by professionals in the fields of medicine, nursing, psychology and social work.", "Emergency psychiatry __knowledge__ The demand for emergency psychiatric services has rapidly increased throughout the world since the 1960s, especially in urban areas.", "Emergency psychiatry __knowledge__ Care for patients in situations involving emergency psychiatry is complex.", "Emergency psychiatry __knowledge__ Individuals may arrive in psychiatric emergency service settings through their own voluntary request, a referral from another health professional, or through involuntary commitment.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ Since the arrival of early social networking sites in the early 2000s, online social networking platforms have expanded exponentially, with the biggest names in social media in the mid-2010s being Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The massive influx of personal information that has become available online and stored in the cloud has put user privacy at the forefront of discussion of the databases ability to safely store such personal information.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The extent to which users and social media platform administrators can access user profiles has become a new topic of ethical consideration and the legality, awareness and boundaries of subsequent privacy violations are critical concerns in the advance of the technological age." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction is a literary genre in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction can be an umbrella term; though commonly used as a synonym for describing the historical novel; the term can be applied to works in other narrative formats, such as those in the performing and visual arts like theatre, opera, cinema and television, as well as video games and graphic novels.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ An essential element of historical fiction is that it is set in the past and pays attention to the manners, social conditions and other details of the period depicted.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Authors also frequently choose to explore notable historical figures in these settings, allowing readers to better understand how these individuals might have responded to their environments.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Some subgenres such as alternate history and historical fantasy insert speculative or ahistorical elements into a novel.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Works of historical fiction are sometimes criticized for lack of authenticity because of readerly or genre expectations for accurate period details.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ This tension between historical authenticity, or historicity, and fiction frequently becomes a point of comment for readers and popular critics, while scholarly criticism frequently goes beyond this commentary, investigating the genre for its other thematic and critical interests.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "Cristina Yang __knowledge__ Cristina Yang, M.D., Ph.D., is a fictional character from the medical drama television series \"Grey's Anatomy\", which has aired for over 13 years on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States.", "Cristina Yang __knowledge__ The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actress Sandra Oh.", "Cristina Yang __knowledge__ Introduced as a surgical intern at the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital, Yang worked her way up to resident level, eventually becoming a cardiothoracic surgical fellow, while her relationships with colleagues Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), George O'Malley (T. R. Knight), Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl), and Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) formed a focal point of the series.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ \"Daredevil\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, as well as Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis-Hall, Bob Gunton, and Ayelet Zurer join them for the first season, while Jon Bernthal, Élodie Yung, and Stephen Rider join them for the second.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "The arts __knowledge__ The arts refers to the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures.", "The arts __knowledge__ Major constituents of the arts include literature – including poetry, prose and drama, performing arts – among them music, dance, and theatre; and visual arts – including drawing, painting, photography, ceramics, sculpting, and architecture – the art of designing and constructing buildings.", "The arts __knowledge__ Some art forms combine a visual element with performance (e.g.", "The arts __knowledge__ cinematography) or artwork with the written word (e.g.", "The arts __knowledge__ comics).", "The arts __knowledge__ From prehistoric cave paintings to modern day films, art serves as a vessel for storytelling and conveying humankind's relationship with the environment.", "List of genres __knowledge__ This is a list of genres of literature and entertainment, excluding .", "List of genres __knowledge__ Genre is the term for any category of literature or other forms of art or entertainment, e.g.", "List of genres __knowledge__ music, whether written or spoken, audio or visual, based on some set of stylistic criteria.", "List of genres __knowledge__ Genres are formed by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones are discontinued.", "List of genres __knowledge__ Often, works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions.", "List of genres __knowledge__ Absurdist and surreal fiction challenges causal reasoning and the purposefulness of life.", "List of genres __knowledge__ There is often, though not always, a connection to comedy.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ The Historical Novel Society (HNS) is a nonprofit international literary society devoted to promotion of and advocacy for the genre of historical fiction.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ There are varying definitions as to what types of literature fall within the scope of historical fiction.", "Historical Novel Society __knowledge__ One of the broadest definitions of the genre is “fiction that is set in the past, before the author’s lifetime and experience.” The HNS has adopted this broader definition, accepting as historical fiction any novel written at least fifty years after the events described, or by an individual who was not alive at the time of those events, and thus approaches them from a research perspective.", "University of Georgia __knowledge__ The University of Georgia, also referred to as UGA or simply Georgia, is an American public research university.", "University of Georgia __knowledge__ Its main campus is located in Athens, Georgia, approximately northeast of downtown Atlanta.", "University of Georgia __knowledge__ It is the flagship university of the University System of Georgia.", "University of Georgia __knowledge__ Founded in 1785, it is the country's oldest state-chartered university and the birthplace of the American system of public higher education.", "University of Georgia __knowledge__ The university is classified by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as a R-1, its highest research activity ranking.", "University of Georgia __knowledge__ It also classifies the student body as \"more selective,\" its most selective admissions category.", "Northwestern High School (Hyattsville, Maryland) __knowledge__ Northwestern High School is a public comprehensive and magnet high school.", "Northwestern High School (Hyattsville, Maryland) __knowledge__ It is located in Hyattsville, Maryland in Prince George's County, less than a mile from the University of Maryland, College Park in the suburbs of Washington, D.C.", "Northwestern High School (Hyattsville, Maryland) __knowledge__ It is part of the Prince George's County Public Schools system.", "Northwestern High School (Hyattsville, Maryland) __knowledge__ Established in 1951 at its current location off Adelphi Road, the original building was demolished in the summer of 2000, and a modern facility now stands in its place.", "Northwestern High School (Hyattsville, Maryland) __knowledge__ Opening in August 2000, at and a capacity of 2,700 students, Northwestern is the second largest high school in the state of Maryland when measured by total square footage.", "Art __knowledge__ Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.", "Art __knowledge__ In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art, the criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.", "Art __knowledge__ The oldest documented forms of art are visual arts, which include creation of images or objects in fields including today painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.", "Art __knowledge__ Architecture is often included as one of the visual arts; however, like the decorative arts, or advertising, it involves the creation of objects where the practical considerations of use are essential—in a way that they usually are not in a painting, for example." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction is a literary genre in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction can be an umbrella term; though commonly used as a synonym for describing the historical novel; the term can be applied to works in other narrative formats, such as those in the performing and visual arts like theatre, opera, cinema and television, as well as video games and graphic novels.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ An essential element of historical fiction is that it is set in the past and pays attention to the manners, social conditions and other details of the period depicted.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Authors also frequently choose to explore notable historical figures in these settings, allowing readers to better understand how these individuals might have responded to their environments.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Some subgenres such as alternate history and historical fantasy insert speculative or ahistorical elements into a novel.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Works of historical fiction are sometimes criticized for lack of authenticity because of readerly or genre expectations for accurate period details.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ This tension between historical authenticity, or historicity, and fiction frequently becomes a point of comment for readers and popular critics, while scholarly criticism frequently goes beyond this commentary, investigating the genre for its other thematic and critical interests.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Praxis Makes Perfect __knowledge__ Praxis Makes Perfect is the second studio album by the pop-electronica-hip hop duo Neon Neon, which was produced by Boom Bip and Gruff Rhys, and the album was released on April 29, 2013 by Lex Records.", "Praxis Makes Perfect __knowledge__ \"Praxis Makes Perfect\" is a concept album based on the life of influential Italian publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli.", "Praxis Makes Perfect __knowledge__ The album charted at No.", "Praxis Makes Perfect __knowledge__ 43 in the United Kingdom.", "Praxis Makes Perfect __knowledge__ Heather Phares of Allmusic told that \"aside from the biographical concept and the largely electronic arrangements, they don't repeat themselves much.\"", "Praxis Makes Perfect __knowledge__ At \"Fact\", Steve Shaw affirmed that the release \"possesses all of the keen humour of the former, modest and understated to a tee.\"", "Pure (Miller novel) __knowledge__ Pure is a 2011 novel by English author Andrew Miller.", "Pure (Miller novel) __knowledge__ The book is the sixth novel by Miller and was released on 9 June 2011 in the United Kingdom through Sceptre, an imprint of Hodder & Stoughton.", "Pure (Miller novel) __knowledge__ The novel is set in pre-revolutionary France and the upcoming turmoil is a consistent theme throughout.", "Pure (Miller novel) __knowledge__ It follows an engineer named Jean-Baptiste Baratte and chronicles his efforts in clearing an overfilled graveyard which is polluting the surrounding area.", "Pure (Miller novel) __knowledge__ Baratte makes friends and enemies as the cemetery is both loved and hated by the people of the district.", "Pure (Miller novel) __knowledge__ Miller was inspired to write about the Les Innocents Cemetery after reading historian Philippe Ariès's brief description of its clearing and imagining the theatrics that must have been involved.", "Rotation (album) __knowledge__ Rotation is the second studio album by pop punk band Cute Is What We Aim For, released on June 24, 2008.", "Rotation (album) __knowledge__ Cute Is What We Aim For released their debut album \"The Same Old Blood Rush with a New Touch\" in June 2006 through major label Fueled by Ramen.", "Rotation (album) __knowledge__ Bassist Fred Cimato left the band in October and was replaced by Jack Marin.", "Rotation (album) __knowledge__ Marin subsequently left mid-tour in April 2007 and was replaced by Cimato.", "Rotation (album) __knowledge__ In late May, the band announced they would be writing and recording their next album in the fall, with the aiming of releasing it in late winter.", "Rotation (album) __knowledge__ In July, it was reported that the band had become a five piece with the addition of Dave Melillo in time for the group's stint on Warped Tour.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail is a historic east–west, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The eastern part of the Oregon Trail spanned part of the future state of Kansas, and nearly all of what are now the states of Nebraska and Wyoming.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The western half of the trail spanned most of the future states of Idaho and Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail was laid by fur traders and traders from about 1811 to 1840, and was only passable on foot or by horseback.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ By 1836, when the first migrant wagon train was organized in Independence, Missouri, a wagon trail had been cleared to Fort Hall, Idaho.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "History of the Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail is a historic 2,000-mile (3,200-km) trail used by American pioneers living in the Great Plains in the 19th century.", "History of the Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The emigrants traveled by wagon in search of fertile land in Oregon's Willamette Valley.", "History of the Oregon Trail __knowledge__ In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson issued the following instructions to Meriwether Lewis: \"The object of your mission is to explore the Missouri river, & such principal stream of it, as, by its course & communication with the waters of the Pacific Ocean, whether the Columbia, Oregon, Colorado and/or other river may offer the most direct & practicable water communication across this continent, for the purposes of commerce.\"", "Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar was a fifty-cent piece struck intermittently by the United States Bureau of the Mint between 1926 and 1939.", "Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar __knowledge__ The coin was designed by Laura Gardin Fraser and James Earle Fraser, and commemorates those who traveled the Oregon Trail and settled the Pacific Coast of the United States in the mid-19th century.", "Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar __knowledge__ Struck over a lengthy period in small numbers per year, the many varieties produced came to be considered a ripoff by coin collectors, and led to the end, for the time, of the commemorative coin series.", "Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar __knowledge__ Ohio-born Ezra Meeker had traveled the Trail with his family in 1852 and spent the final two decades of his long life before his death in 1928 publicizing the Oregon Trail, that it should not be forgotten.", "The Oregon Trail (series) __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail is a series of educational computer games that began with the very first edition originally developed by Don Rawitsch, Bill Heinemann, and Paul Dillenberger in 1971 and produced by the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC) in 1974.", "The Oregon Trail (series) __knowledge__ The original game was designed to teach school children about the realities of 19th-century pioneer life on the Oregon Trail.", "The Oregon Trail (series) __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of a wagon leader guiding a party of settlers from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon's Willamette Valley via a covered wagon in 1848.", "The Oregon Trail (series) __knowledge__ In 1971, Don Rawitsch, a senior at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, taught an 8th grade history class as a student teacher.", "Route of the Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The historic Oregon Trail connected various towns along the Missouri River to Oregon's Willamette Valley.", "Route of the Oregon Trail __knowledge__ It was used during the 19th century by Great Plains pioneers who were seeking fertile land in the West and North.", "Route of the Oregon Trail __knowledge__ As the trail developed it became marked by numerous cutoffs and shortcuts from Missouri to Oregon.", "Route of the Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The basic route follows river valleys as grass and water were absolutely necessary.", "Route of the Oregon Trail __knowledge__ While the first few parties organized and departed from Elm Grove, the Oregon Trail's primary starting point was Independence, Missouri, or Kansas City (Missouri), on the Missouri River.", "Route of the Oregon Trail __knowledge__ Later, several feeder trails led across Kansas, and some towns became starting points, including Weston, Missouri, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, Atchison, Kansas, St. Joseph, Missouri, and Omaha, Nebraska.", "Crusader Kings II __knowledge__ Crusader Kings II is a grand strategy game set in the Middle Ages, developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive as a sequel to \"Crusader Kings\".", "Crusader Kings II __knowledge__ It was released for Microsoft Windows on February 14, 2012.", "Crusader Kings II __knowledge__ An OS X version, Paradox Interactive's first in-house development for the operating system, was released on May 24, 2012.", "Crusader Kings II __knowledge__ A Linux version was also released on January 14, 2013.", "Crusader Kings II __knowledge__ It has been Paradox's second most successful release to date, after \"\", with over 1 million copies sold.", "Crusader Kings II __knowledge__ The game is a dynasty simulator where the player controls a Medieval dynasty from 1066 to 1453, though the DLC \"The Old Gods\" and \"Charlemagne\" allow for an earlier start date of 867 and 769, respectively." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction is a literary genre in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Historical fiction can be an umbrella term; though commonly used as a synonym for describing the historical novel; the term can be applied to works in other narrative formats, such as those in the performing and visual arts like theatre, opera, cinema and television, as well as video games and graphic novels.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ An essential element of historical fiction is that it is set in the past and pays attention to the manners, social conditions and other details of the period depicted.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Authors also frequently choose to explore notable historical figures in these settings, allowing readers to better understand how these individuals might have responded to their environments.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Some subgenres such as alternate history and historical fantasy insert speculative or ahistorical elements into a novel.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ Works of historical fiction are sometimes criticized for lack of authenticity because of readerly or genre expectations for accurate period details.", "Historical fiction __knowledge__ This tension between historical authenticity, or historicity, and fiction frequently becomes a point of comment for readers and popular critics, while scholarly criticism frequently goes beyond this commentary, investigating the genre for its other thematic and critical interests.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ Criminal procedure in South Africa refers to the adjudication process of that country's criminal law.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It forms part of procedural or adjectival law, and describes the means by which its substantive counterpart, South African criminal law, is applied.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It has its basis mainly in English law.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ When the British occupied the Cape permanently in 1806, they retained the Roman-Dutch legal system.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ They concluded, however, that the criminal justice system was archaic, and so introduced one based on their own in 1828.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ It has been developed over the years to suit local conditions.", "Criminal procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ The South African system today is basically accusatorial: that is, the state accuses and the accused defends.", "History of painting __knowledge__ The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures.", "History of painting __knowledge__ It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, that continues into the 21st century.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ Its study affords important information about the religion, traditions and beliefs of the ancient Romans.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ This legacy is conspicuous in European cultural history in its influence on later juridical and religious vocabulary in Europe, particularly of the Western Church.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ This glossary provides explanations of concepts as they were expressed in Latin pertaining to religious practices and beliefs, with links to articles on major topics such as priesthoods, forms of divination, and rituals.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ For theonyms, or the names and epithets of gods, see List of Roman deities.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ The Imperial Roman army are the terrestrial armed forces deployed by the Roman Empire from about 30 BC to 476 AD.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ This period is sometimes split into the Principate (30 BC – 284 AD) and Dominate (285–476) periods.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ Under Augustus (ruled 30 BC – 14 AD), the army consisted of \"legions\", eventually \"auxilia\" and also \"numeri\".", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ As all-citizen formations, and symbolic protectors of the dominance of the Italian \"master-nation\", legions enjoyed greater social prestige than the auxilia for much of the Principate.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ This was reflected in better pay and benefits.", "Imperial Roman army __knowledge__ In addition, legionaries were equipped with more expensive and protective armour than auxiliaries, notably the \"lorica segmentata\", or laminated-strip armour.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ This article is about the important technologies that have historically increased productivity.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity in general is a ratio of output to input in the production of goods and services.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity is increased by lowering the amount of labor, capital, energy or materials that go into producing any given amount of economic goods and services.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Increases in productivity are largely responsible for the increase in per capita living standards.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity improving technologies date back to antiquity, with rather slow progress until the late Middle Ages.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Important examples of early to medieval European technology include the water wheel, the horse collar, the spinning wheel, the three-field system (after 1500 the four-field system—see Crop rotation) and the blast furnace.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Legalism (Chinese philosophy) __knowledge__ Fajia () or Legalism is one of Sima Tan's six classical schools of thought in Chinese philosophy.", "Legalism (Chinese philosophy) __knowledge__ Roughly meaning \"house of Fa\" (administrative \"methods\" or \"standards\"), the \"school\" (term) represents some several branches of realistic statesmen or \"men of methods\" (fashu zishi) foundational for the traditional Chinese bureaucratic empire.", "Legalism (Chinese philosophy) __knowledge__ Compared with Machiavelli, it has often been considered in the Western world as akin to the Realpolitikal thought of ancient China.", "Legalism (Chinese philosophy) __knowledge__ Largely ignoring morality or questions on how a society ideally should function, they examined contemporary government; emphasizing a realistic consolidation of the wealth and power of autocrat and state, with the goal of achieving increased order, security and stability.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ South African contract law is ‘essentially a modernised version of the Roman-Dutch law of contract’, which is itself rooted in canon and Roman laws.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ In the broadest definition, a contract is an agreement two or more parties enter into with the serious intention of creating a legal obligation.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ Contract law provides a legal framework within which persons can transact business and exchange resources, secure in the knowledge that the law will uphold their agreements and, if necessary, enforce them.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ The law of contract underpins private enterprise in South Africa and regulates it in the interest of fair dealing.", "Social determinants of health __knowledge__ The social determinants of health (SDOH) are linked to the economic and social conditions and their distribution among the population that influence individual and group differences in health status.", "Social determinants of health __knowledge__ They are health promoting factors found in one's living and working conditions (such as the distribution of income, wealth, influence, and power), rather than individual risk factors (such as behavioural risk factors or genetics) that influence the risk for a disease, or vulnerability to disease or injury.", "Social determinants of health __knowledge__ According to some viewpoints, the distributions of social determinants are shaped by public policies that reflect the influence of prevailing political ideologies of those governing a jurisdiction.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.", "Soil __knowledge__ The Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.", "Soil __knowledge__ The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates \"ground stone\".", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution).", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and polemical journalism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ He is best known for the allegorical novella \"Animal Farm\" (1945) and the dystopian novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\" (1949).", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His non-fiction works, including \"The Road to Wigan Pier\" (1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England, and \"Homage to Catalonia\" (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, are widely acclaimed, as are his essays on politics, literature, language, and culture." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 2, 3, 6 ]

[ "Yeah, plots that take place in settings located in the past are fun to read.", "Historical fiction doesn't only apply to literature. It can also be applied to the performing and visual arts ", "Many popular video games are historical fiction, such as Crusader Kings and Oregon Trail.", "An essential element of it is that it pays attention to the manners, social conditions, and other details of the period depicted.", "Sometimes works of historical fiction are criticized for not having period details that are accurate enough " ]

[ "Historical fiction", "Historical fiction", "Historical fiction", "Historical fiction", "Historical fiction" ]

[ "Nachos\nWhen I go to the theatre, or to a game at a stadium, I like to get nachos. What is your favorite snack at such an event?", "Yes, it seems like you get more for the money. Plus I like the jalapenos on them too!", "Interesting, I did not know that. Is that located in Mexico?", "Oh ok. I've never been to Mexico, but I hear these days it isn't a pleasant place to visit - not sure if that's true.", "What goes on in Eagle Pass, Texas? Or Maverick County for that matter? I'm not familiar. I've only been to San Antonio and Dallas a couple times." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The \"maître d'hôtel\", Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya, invented a new snack for them with what little he had available in the kitchen: tortillas and cheese.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Anaya cut the tortillas into triangles, fried them, added shredded cheddar cheese, quickly heated them, added sliced pickled jalapeño peppers, and served them.", "Nachos __knowledge__ When asked what the dish was called, he answered, \"Nacho's \"especiales\"\".", "Nachos __knowledge__ As word of the dish traveled, the apostrophe was lost, and Nacho's \"specials\" became \"special nachos\".", "Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System __knowledge__ Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System, or Nachos, is instructional software for teaching undergraduate, and potentially graduate level operating systems courses.", "Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System __knowledge__ It was developed at the University of California, Berkeley, designed by Thomas Anderson, and is used by numerous schools around the world.", "Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System __knowledge__ Originally written in C++ for MIPS, Nachos runs as a user-process on a host operating system.", "Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System __knowledge__ A MIPS simulator executes the code for any user programs running on top of the Nachos operating system.", "Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System __knowledge__ Ports of the Nachos code exist for a variety of architectures.", "Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System __knowledge__ In addition to the Nachos code, a number of assignments are provided with the Nachos system.", "List of Ace Attorney characters __knowledge__ Ace Attorney is a series of legal thriller adventure/visual novel games created by Shu Takumi.", "List of Ace Attorney characters __knowledge__ Players assume the role of a defense attorney in a fictional courtroom setting.", "List of Ace Attorney characters __knowledge__ Published by Capcom, the series includes \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\", \"Ace Attorney Investigations 2\", \"\", \"\" and \"\".", "List of Ace Attorney characters __knowledge__ Character names for the English release of the series were changed significantly from the original Japanese release.", "List of Ace Attorney characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sam Riegel (games), Eric Vale, Jill Harris (young) (anime) (English) In a case in the third game, \"Trials and Tribulations\", his college self was revealed to be somewhat of a crybaby who cares very much for his girlfriend, Dahlia Hawthorne.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ The series centers on Tori Vega, a student of Hollywood Arts High School, who gets into wacky screwball situations on a daily basis.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ Tori Vega (Victoria Justice) is the younger sister of Trina Vega and attends Hollywood Arts, a performing arts high school, along with her sister.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ When Trina experiences an allergic reaction to a Chinese herb before a big showcase at school, Tori is volunteered by Andre to take her place since she knew the piece meant to be played.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ Tori performs \"Make it Shine\" (the \"Victorious\" theme song) and everyone is impressed with her performance, including the principal, who offers her enrollment to the school." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The \"maître d'hôtel\", Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya, invented a new snack for them with what little he had available in the kitchen: tortillas and cheese.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Anaya cut the tortillas into triangles, fried them, added shredded cheddar cheese, quickly heated them, added sliced pickled jalapeño peppers, and served them.", "Nachos __knowledge__ When asked what the dish was called, he answered, \"Nacho's \"especiales\"\".", "Nachos __knowledge__ As word of the dish traveled, the apostrophe was lost, and Nacho's \"specials\" became \"special nachos\".", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Tanja von Lahnstein (née Wittkamp, formerly von Anstetten, Rai and von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by actress Miriam Lahnstein.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on-screen on 21 June 1995 and left after three years in May 1998.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein returned to the role in 2001, where she was seen from 24 April to 5 October.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She came back another three years later and reappeared on 16 April 2004.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein left the show for a short time, while being on contract, from June 2005 to March 2006 and from March to December 2007 during the pregnancy of her two children.", "List of Urusei Yatsura characters __knowledge__ \"Urusei Yatsura\", a manga (1978–1987) and anime (1981–1986) series created by Rumiko Takahashi, has a large ensemble cast which includes many cameo appearances from Japanese mythology and history.", "List of Urusei Yatsura characters __knowledge__ Names of some of the characters are below.", "List of Urusei Yatsura characters __knowledge__ They are in Western order, with the surname after the given name.", "List of Urusei Yatsura characters __knowledge__ Ataru Morobosh is the main protagonist of the series.", "List of Urusei Yatsura characters __knowledge__ A 17-year-old lazy student at Tomobiki High School, Class 2-4, Ataru suffers from an incredible amount of bad luck, having been born on Friday the Thirteenth, during a major earthquake, and Butsumetsu, the unluckiest day of the Buddhist calendar.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ Disney's \"Aladdin\" franchise features an extensive cast of fictional characters.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ The lead character of the series is Aladdin, who was originally a street urchin.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ During the course of the franchise, he starts living in the palace of Agrabah and becomes engaged to Princess Jasmine.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ Aladdin (, \")\", is the protagonist of the franchise, a street child who ends up becoming the prince of Agrabah after meeting Jasmine in the streets and being recruited by Jafar to retrieve the magical lamp from the Cave of Wonders.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Scott Weinger when speaking and Brad Kane when singing.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ Jasmine is the rebellious princess of Agrabah, who flees the palace in revolt to her obligation to be married to a prince.", "Tortilla chip __knowledge__ A tortilla chip is a snack food made from corn tortillas, which are cut into wedges and then fried—or baked (alternatively they may be discs pressed out of corn masa then fried or baked).", "Tortilla chip __knowledge__ Corn tortillas are made of corn, vegetable oil, salt and water.", "Tortilla chip __knowledge__ Although first mass-produced in Los Angeles in the late 1940s, tortilla chips were always considered to be a Mexican food, known as totopos and tostadas.", "Tortilla chip __knowledge__ Though usually made of yellow corn, they can also be made of white, blue, or red corn.", "Tortilla chip __knowledge__ Some manufacturers include many other ingredients including wheat, sugar, and monosodium glutamate.", "Tortilla chip __knowledge__ The triangle shaped tortilla chip was popularized by Rebecca Webb Carranza in the 1940s as a way to make use of misshapen tortillas rejected from the automated tortilla manufacturing machine that she and her husband used at their Mexican delicatessen and tortilla factory in southwest Los Angeles.", "Chips and dip __knowledge__ Chips and dip are a food of chips or crisps served with dips.", "Chips and dip __knowledge__ Chips used include potato chips, tortilla chips, corn chips, bean chips, vegetable chips, pita chips, plantain chips and others.", "Chips and dip __knowledge__ Crackers are also sometimes used, as are crudités, which are whole or sliced raw vegetables.", "Chips and dip __knowledge__ Various types of dips are used to accompany various types of chips.", "Chips and dip __knowledge__ Chips and dip gained significant popularity in the United States during the 1950s, in part due to a Lipton advertising campaign for their French onion dip recipe, sometimes referred to as \"California dip\".", "Chips and dip __knowledge__ Specialized trays and serving dishes designed to hold both chips and dip were created during this time.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ A flour tortilla (, ; or wheat tortilla to differentiate it from other uses of the word \"tortilla\", which in Spanish means \"small \"torta\"\", or \"small cake\") is a type of soft, thin flatbread made from finely ground wheat flour from Mexico.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ The wheat flour tortilla was originally derived from the corn tortilla, a bread of maize which predates the arrival of Europeans to the Americas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ It is made with an unleavened, water based dough, pressed and cooked like corn tortillas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spanish the word \"tortilla\", without qualification, has different meanings in different regions.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spain it is an omelette; in Mexico and Central America it is a corn tortilla; and in many other places a flour tortilla.", "Tostilocos __knowledge__ Tostilocos (also Dorilocos) are a popular Mexican antojito (street food) that consists of tortilla chips topped with cueritos, cucumber, jícama, lime juice, Valentina hot sauce, chamoy, tajín chile powder, salt, and \"Japanese peanuts\".", "Tostilocos __knowledge__ The dish was first conceived in the late 1990s by street vendors in Mexico.", "Tostilocos __knowledge__ Tostilocos are now commonly sold by street vendors, stadium vendors, and at Mexican juice bars in both Mexico and the Southwestern United States.", "Tostilocos __knowledge__ The original Tostilocos were created in Tijuana, Mexico.", "Tostilocos __knowledge__ The original mix contained tortilla chips, cueritos, cucumber, jícama, rueditas (little wheel-shaped pieces of fried flour), Japanese peanuts, lime juice, chamoy, and hot sauce.", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In North America and Central America, a tortilla is a type of thin, unleavened flatbread, made from finely ground maize (corn).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In Guatemala and Mexico, there are three colors of maize dough for making tortillas: white maize, yellow maize and blue maize (or black maize).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ A similar bread from South America, called \"arepa\" (though \"arepas\" are typically much thicker than tortillas), predates the arrival of Europeans to America, and was called \"tortilla\" by the Spanish from its resemblance to the traditional Spanish round, unleavened cakes and omelettes (originally made without potatoes, which are native to South America).", "Shearer's Foods __knowledge__ Shearer's Foods is a manufacturer of snack products including potato chips, tortillas, whole grain chips, cheese curls/puffs (and other extruded snacks), popcorn, pork rinds, rice crisps, wafers, cookies, and both sweet and savory biscuits.", "Shearer's Foods __knowledge__ Shearer's Snacks was founded in 1974 as a snack food distributor in Brewster, Ohio, and now has factories in Ohio, Texas, Arkansas, Oregon, Virginia, Iowa, Minnesota and Ontario, with worldwide distribution.", "Shearer's Foods __knowledge__ Shearer's manufactures, warehouses, and distributes branded snacks as well as private label products for snack food companies and retailers.", "Shearer's Foods __knowledge__ Its branded products include Shearer's Potato Chips, including home-style, savory and kettle-cooked options, tortilla chips, pretzels, pork rinds, corn puffs and curls." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The \"maître d'hôtel\", Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya, invented a new snack for them with what little he had available in the kitchen: tortillas and cheese.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Anaya cut the tortillas into triangles, fried them, added shredded cheddar cheese, quickly heated them, added sliced pickled jalapeño peppers, and served them.", "Nachos __knowledge__ When asked what the dish was called, he answered, \"Nacho's \"especiales\"\".", "Nachos __knowledge__ As word of the dish traveled, the apostrophe was lost, and Nacho's \"specials\" became \"special nachos\".", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ Andy Russell (born Andrés Rábago; September 16, 1919 – April 16, 1992) was an American popular vocalist, actor, and entertainer of Mexican descent, specializing in traditional pop and Latin music.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He sold 8 million records in the 1940s singing in a romantic, baritone voice and in his trademark bilingual English and Spanish style.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He had chart-busters, such as \"Bésame Mucho,\" \"Amor,\" and \"What a Diff'rence a Day Made.\"", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He also made personal appearances and performed on radio programs, most notably \"Your Hit Parade\", in several movies, and on television.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ During this initial phase of his career, his popularity in the United States rivaled that of crooners Frank Sinatra and Perry Como.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Weed Lake is a local wetland area located outside of Langdon, Alberta.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ It is the home to many natural wildlife including several species of birds and fish.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Weed Lake is located about 20 kilometres east of Calgary, immediately north east of the hamlet of Langdon, Alberta.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ It is a 600 hectare wetland regionally important as waterfowl habitat.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ In 1971 the original lake was drained for agricultural purposes but starting in 2006 construction commenced to restore the lake and it is now a fully functioning healthy wetland ecosystem.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Organizations involved in acquiring the land and restoring the lake were led by Ducks Unlimited and include the Calgary Field Naturalists’ Society.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ The history of Mexico, a country in the southern portion of North America, covers a period of more than three millennia.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ First populated more than 13,000 years ago, the territory had complex indigenous civilizations before being conquered and colonized by the Spanish in the 16th century.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ One of the important aspects of Mesoamerican civilizations was their development of a form of writing, so that Mexico's written history stretches back hundreds of years before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ This era before the arrival of Europeans is called variously the prehispanic era or the precolumbian era.", "International child abduction in Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico is amongst the world's most popular sources and destinations for international child abduction while also being widely regarded as having one of the least effective systems of protecting and returning internationally abducted children within its borders.", "International child abduction in Mexico __knowledge__ To help protect abducted children Mexico signed on to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990, the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction in 1991, the Inter-American Convention on the International Return of Children and the Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors.", "Agustín de Iturbide __knowledge__ Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu (27 September 178319 July 1824), also known as Augustine of Mexico, was a Mexican army general and politician.", "Agustín de Iturbide __knowledge__ During the Mexican War of Independence, he built a successful political and military coalition that took control in Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively gaining independence for Mexico.", "Agustín de Iturbide __knowledge__ After the secession of Mexico was secured, he was proclaimed President of the Regency in 1821.", "Agustín de Iturbide __knowledge__ A year later, he was announced as the Constitutional Emperor of Mexico, reigning briefly from 19 May 1822 to 19 March 1823.", "Agustín de Iturbide __knowledge__ He is credited as the original designer of the first Mexican flag.", "Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico (; ; , ), officially the United Mexican States (, ), is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.", "Mexico __knowledge__ It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.", "Mexico __knowledge__ Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), the nation is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world.", "Mexico __knowledge__ With an estimated population of over 120 million, the country is the eleventh most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world while being the second most populous nation in Latin America.", "Enrique Peña Nieto __knowledge__ Enrique Peña Nieto (; born 20 July 1966), sometimes referred to by his initials EPN, is a Mexican politician serving as the 57th and current President of Mexico.", "Enrique Peña Nieto __knowledge__ Educated as a lawyer, Peña Nieto previously served in the State of Mexico as Secretary of Administration (2000–2002), Representative of the 13th District of the State (2003–2004), and Governor (2005–2011).", "Enrique Peña Nieto __knowledge__ On July 1, 2012, he was elected President by winning 39% of the vote towards his political party: the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), in alliance with the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM).", "Enrique Peña Nieto __knowledge__ The PRI had governed Mexico uninterrupted for 71 years until it was defeated by the National Action Party (PAN) in 2000 (Vicente Fox) and 2006 (Felipe Calderón).", "K'inich Yat Ahk II __knowledge__ K'inich Yat Ahk II (), also known as Ruler 7, was the last \"ajaw\" of Piedras Negras, an ancient Maya settlement in Guatemala.", "K'inich Yat Ahk II __knowledge__ He ruled during the Late Classic Period, from 781 to roughly 808 AD.", "K'inich Yat Ahk II __knowledge__ Possibly a descendant of Itzam K'an Ahk II, K'inich Yat Ahk II ascended the throne upon the death of his brother, the sixth \"ajaw\" of the site, Ha' K'in Xook.", "K'inich Yat Ahk II __knowledge__ While K'inich Yat Ahk II presided over the destruction of the rival Maya site Pomona, his reign seems to have ended with the capture of Piedras Negras by K'inich Tatbu Skull IV of Yaxchilan.", "K'inich Yat Ahk II __knowledge__ Itzam K'an Ahk II left behind several monuments, including stelae at Piedras Negras, a stone seat known as Throne 1 which records either the death or abdication of Ha' K'in Xook, and Panel 3 which recounts the exploits of Itzam K'an Ahk II.", "Piedras Negras, Coahuila __knowledge__ Piedras Negras () is a city and seat of the surrounding municipality of the same name in the Mexican state of Coahuila.", "Piedras Negras, Coahuila __knowledge__ It stands at the northeastern edge of Coahuila on the U.S.-Mexico border, across the Río Bravo (Rio Grande) from Eagle Pass in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Piedras Negras, Coahuila __knowledge__ In the 2015 census the city had a population of 163,595 inhabitants, while the metropolitan area had a population of 245,155 inhabitants.", "Piedras Negras, Coahuila __knowledge__ The Piedras Negras and the Eagle Pass areas are connected by the Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras International Bridge, Camino Real International Bridge, and the Eagle Pass Union Pacific International Railroad Bridge.", "Yaxchilan __knowledge__ Yaxchilan () is an ancient Maya city located on the bank of the Usumacinta River in the state of Chiapas, Mexico.", "Yaxchilan __knowledge__ In the Late Classic Period Yaxchilan was one of the most powerful Maya states along the course of the Usumacinta River, with Piedras Negras as its major rival.", "Yaxchilan __knowledge__ Architectural styles in subordinate sites in the Usumacinta region demonstrate clear differences that mark a clear boundary between the two kingdoms.", "Yaxchilan __knowledge__ Yaxchilan was a large center, important throughout the Classic era, and the dominant power of the Usumacinta River area.", "Yaxchilan __knowledge__ It dominated such smaller sites as Bonampak, and had a long rivalry with Piedras Negras and at least for a time with Tikal; it was a rival of Palenque, with which Yaxchilan warred in 654.", "Piedras Negras (Maya site) __knowledge__ Piedras Negras is the modern name for a ruined city of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization located on the north bank of the Usumacinta River in the Petén department of northeastern Guatemala.", "Piedras Negras (Maya site) __knowledge__ The name \"Piedras Negras\" means \"black stones\" in Spanish.", "Piedras Negras (Maya site) __knowledge__ Its name in the language of the Classic Maya has been read in Maya inscriptions as Yo'k'ib' (), meaning \"great gateway\" or \"entrance\", considered a possible reference to a large and now dry sinkhole nearby.", "Piedras Negras (Maya site) __knowledge__ Some authors think that the name is Paw Stone, but is more likely to be the name of the founder as hieroglyphs on Throne 1 and altar 4 show.", "Piedras Negras (Maya site) __knowledge__ Piedras Negras had been populated since the 7th century BC.", "Itzam K'an Ahk II __knowledge__ Itzam K'an Ahk II (), also known as Ruler 4, was an \"ajaw\" of Piedras Negras, an ancient Maya settlement in Guatemala.", "Itzam K'an Ahk II __knowledge__ He ruled during the Late Classic Period, from 729–757 AD.", "Itzam K'an Ahk II __knowledge__ Itzam K'an Ahk II ascended to the throne upon the death of K'inich Yo'nal Ahk II, who may have been his father.", "Itzam K'an Ahk II __knowledge__ Itzam K'an Ahk II may have fathered the following three kings of Piedras Negras: Yo'nal Ahk III, Ha' K'in Xook, and K'inich Yat Ahk II.", "Itzam K'an Ahk II __knowledge__ Following Itzam K'an Ahk II's demise, he was succeeded by Yo'nal Ahk III in 757 AD.", "Itzam K'an Ahk II __knowledge__ Itzam K'an Ahk II left behind several monuments, including stelae at Piedras Negras and a large mortuary temple now known as Pyramid O-13.", "Plan de Ayutla (Maya Site) __knowledge__ Plan de Ayutla is an archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization.", "Plan de Ayutla (Maya Site) __knowledge__ It is located in the municipality of Ocosingo of the Mexican state of Chiapas.", "Plan de Ayutla (Maya Site) __knowledge__ The ruins are notable for having the earliest urban remains in the Upper Usumacinta region, as well as a unique ancient theater for elite use.", "Plan de Ayutla (Maya Site) __knowledge__ The ancient identity of the site is subject to debate.", "Plan de Ayutla (Maya Site) __knowledge__ The modern name comes from a nearby Tzeltal community, itself named after the Plan de Ayutla.", "Plan de Ayutla (Maya Site) __knowledge__ Archaeologists consider Plan de Ayutla as a very strong candidate for the ancient site of \"Sak Tz'i',\" which means \"White Dog\".", "Plan de Ayutla (Maya Site) __knowledge__ Alternatively, the site could be the ancient \"Ak'e\", which means \"Turtle\".", "K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I __knowledge__ K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I (), also known as Ruler 1 (died February 3, 639 AD), was an \"ajaw\" of Piedras Negras, an ancient Maya settlement in Guatemala.", "K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I __knowledge__ He ruled during the Late Classic Period, from 603–639 AD.", "K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I __knowledge__ It has been proposed that he began a new dynasty at Piedras Negras, following years of ineffective kings.", "K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I __knowledge__ The manner in which K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I came to power is largely unknown, although it is known that he waged several successful wars against Palenque and Sak Tz'i'.", "K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I __knowledge__ He was succeeded by his son, Itzam K'an Ahk I, in 639 AD.", "K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I __knowledge__ K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I left behind several monuments, including stelae at Piedras Negras and a large mortuary temple now known as Pyramid R-5." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The \"maître d'hôtel\", Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya, invented a new snack for them with what little he had available in the kitchen: tortillas and cheese.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Anaya cut the tortillas into triangles, fried them, added shredded cheddar cheese, quickly heated them, added sliced pickled jalapeño peppers, and served them.", "Nachos __knowledge__ When asked what the dish was called, he answered, \"Nacho's \"especiales\"\".", "Nachos __knowledge__ As word of the dish traveled, the apostrophe was lost, and Nacho's \"specials\" became \"special nachos\".", "Mayes Cottage __knowledge__ Mayes Cottage is a heritage-listed house and now museum at 36 Mawarra Street, Kingston, City of Logan, Queensland, Australia.", "Mayes Cottage __knowledge__ It was built in 1877.", "Mayes Cottage __knowledge__ It was also known as Pleasant Place.", "Mayes Cottage __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.", "Mayes Cottage __knowledge__ Mayes Cottage is a small one storeyed timber dwelling on a large property containing several outbuildings.", "Mayes Cottage __knowledge__ It was constructed as the family home of local pioneer, John Mayes in 1887, replacing an earlier house, reused as a store.", "Mayes Cottage __knowledge__ John and Emily Mayes and their two small children, Joshua and Ruth, arrived in Brisbane from England aboard the \"SS Indus\" in 1871.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ Design Manchester is a not-for-profit organisation established to showcase design talent; support design skills, careers & enterprise; advance the contribution of design in the city and the regional economy; and promote the role of Manchester as a design city internationally.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ It has a year-round programme of activities and events and organises Manchester’s annual citywide festival of design.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ In 2013, graphic designers John Owens and Malcolm Garrett RDI and media publicist Fiona McGarva were asked by Professor David Crow, then the Dean of Manchester School of Art, to organise an event to mark the School’s 175th anniversary and the opening of the new Benzie Building designed by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Stone is a 2010 U.S. crime thriller film directed by John Curran and starring Robert De Niro, Edward Norton and Milla Jovovich.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Most of the filming was done in Washtenaw County, Michigan.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ This was the final film to be released by Overture Films.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Young mother Madylyn Mabry puts her daughter to bed while her husband Jack watches golf on television.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ A bee buzzes around the window as she stays with her girl.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ After the child is asleep, she goes downstairs and announces she's leaving, saying \"You keep my soul in a dungeon.\"", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ He takes a moment to disconnect from the game, then runs upstairs to the bedroom and holds their daughter out the window, threatening to drop her if Madylyn leaves.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ Eagle Pass is a city in and the county seat of Maverick County in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ The population was 26,255 as of the 2010 census (2013 estimate 27,708.)", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ Eagle Pass borders the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, which is to the southwest and across the Rio Grande.", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ The Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area (EG-PN) is one of six binational metropolitan areas along the United States-Mexican border.", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ As of January 2008, according to the US census, the Eagle Pass Metropolitan Area's population was 48,401 people, and the Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area's population was 169,771.", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ Eagle Pass was the first American settlement on the Rio Grande.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ Maverick County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, its population was 54,258.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ Its county seat is Eagle Pass.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ The county was created in 1856 and organized in 1871.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ It is named for Samuel Maverick, cattleman and state legislator.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ The Eagle Pass, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Maverick County.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ It is east of the Mexican border.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ Prehistoric hunter-gatherer peoples were the first inhabitants, and their artifacts have been found in various areas of the county.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ Lipan Apache, Shawnee, and Coahuiltecan culture followed.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ The abandonment of Fort Duncan on March 20, 1861, during the Civil War, enabled the Indian population to gain control of the region; both American and Mexican inhabitants suffered tremendous loss of life and property.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ Eagle Pass Army Airfield is a former World War II military airfield complex.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ It is located north of Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ It operated as a training base for the United States Army Air Forces from 1943 until 1945.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ Later, during the Cold War, Eagle Pass Air Force Station (ADC ID: TM-188) was a United States Air Force Radar facility.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ It was operated by Air Defense Command on the site of the World War II air base.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ Opened in 1957, it was closed in 1963.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ The facility was finally closed in 1991 when the United States Air Force ended its use of the airfield, having designated the field as Laughlin Air Force Auxiliary Landing Field #1 in 1962, using it as part of the pilot training school at Laughlin AFB.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ Eagle Pass Municipal Airport is a former airport, located in Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ Airport operations ended around 1996, being transferred to the Maverick County Memorial International Airport.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ Today the former airport is a commercial site.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ Eagle Pass Municipal Airport was established by the Air Service, United States Army in 1919 as a military airfield.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ It was constructed as a base for observation overflights along the Mexican Border.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ During this period, Mexico was enduring a period of revolution and unrest, which led to border violations and the deaths of American citizens.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ Flight \"A\" of the 90th Squadron (Surveillance) arrived at Eagle Pass Field on 27 August 1919 with de Havilland DH-4 aircraft, and flew observation missions along the border.", "Eagle Pass–Piedras Negras International Bridge __knowledge__ The Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras International Bridge is an international bridge which crosses the Rio Grande connecting the United States-Mexico border cities of Eagle Pass, Texas and Piedras Negras, Coahuila.", "Eagle Pass–Piedras Negras International Bridge __knowledge__ The bridge is also known as \"Eagle Pass Bridge 1\" and \"Puente Piedras Negras-Eagle Pass\".", "Eagle Pass–Piedras Negras International Bridge __knowledge__ The road continues into Eagle Pass as U.S. Route 57, and Piedras Negras as Mexican Federal Highway 57 The American side of the Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras International Bridge is currently owned by the Port of Eagle Pass, which also manages it.", "Eagle Pass–Piedras Negras International Bridge __knowledge__ The bridge was originally constructed in 1927 and reconstructed in 1954, after the original bridge was destroyed by a flood, the bridge was reinforced in 1985.", "Laredo, Texas __knowledge__ Laredo ( ; ) is the county seat of Webb County, Texas, United States, located on the north bank of the Rio Grande in South Texas, across from Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico.", "Laredo, Texas __knowledge__ According to the 2010 census, the city population was 236,091, making it the tenth-most populous city in the state of Texas and third-most populated on the Mexico–United States border, after San Diego, California, and El Paso, Texas.", "Laredo, Texas __knowledge__ Its metropolitan area is the 178th-largest in the U.S. and includes all of Webb County, with a population of 250,304.", "Laredo, Texas __knowledge__ Laredo is also part of the cross-border Laredo-Nuevo Laredo Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 636,516.", "Piedras Negras, Coahuila __knowledge__ Piedras Negras () is a city and seat of the surrounding municipality of the same name in the Mexican state of Coahuila.", "Piedras Negras, Coahuila __knowledge__ It stands at the northeastern edge of Coahuila on the U.S.-Mexico border, across the Río Bravo (Rio Grande) from Eagle Pass in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Piedras Negras, Coahuila __knowledge__ In the 2015 census the city had a population of 163,595 inhabitants, while the metropolitan area had a population of 245,155 inhabitants.", "Piedras Negras, Coahuila __knowledge__ The Piedras Negras and the Eagle Pass areas are connected by the Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras International Bridge, Camino Real International Bridge, and the Eagle Pass Union Pacific International Railroad Bridge." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The \"maître d'hôtel\", Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya, invented a new snack for them with what little he had available in the kitchen: tortillas and cheese.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Anaya cut the tortillas into triangles, fried them, added shredded cheddar cheese, quickly heated them, added sliced pickled jalapeño peppers, and served them.", "Nachos __knowledge__ When asked what the dish was called, he answered, \"Nacho's \"especiales\"\".", "Nachos __knowledge__ As word of the dish traveled, the apostrophe was lost, and Nacho's \"specials\" became \"special nachos\".", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ Maverick County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, its population was 54,258.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ Its county seat is Eagle Pass.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ The county was created in 1856 and organized in 1871.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ It is named for Samuel Maverick, cattleman and state legislator.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ The Eagle Pass, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Maverick County.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ It is east of the Mexican border.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ Prehistoric hunter-gatherer peoples were the first inhabitants, and their artifacts have been found in various areas of the county.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ Lipan Apache, Shawnee, and Coahuiltecan culture followed.", "Maverick County, Texas __knowledge__ The abandonment of Fort Duncan on March 20, 1861, during the Civil War, enabled the Indian population to gain control of the region; both American and Mexican inhabitants suffered tremendous loss of life and property.", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ Eagle Pass is a city in and the county seat of Maverick County in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ The population was 26,255 as of the 2010 census (2013 estimate 27,708.)", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ Eagle Pass borders the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, which is to the southwest and across the Rio Grande.", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ The Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area (EG-PN) is one of six binational metropolitan areas along the United States-Mexican border.", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ As of January 2008, according to the US census, the Eagle Pass Metropolitan Area's population was 48,401 people, and the Piedras Negras Metropolitan Area's population was 169,771.", "Eagle Pass, Texas __knowledge__ Eagle Pass was the first American settlement on the Rio Grande.", "Samuel Maverick __knowledge__ Samuel Augustus Maverick (July 23, 1803 – September 2, 1870) was a Texas lawyer, politician, land baron and signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence.", "Samuel Maverick __knowledge__ His name is the source of the term \"maverick,\" first cited in 1867, which means \"independently minded.\"", "Samuel Maverick __knowledge__ Various accounts of the origins of the term held that Maverick came to be considered independently minded by his fellow ranchers because he refused to brand his cattle.", "Samuel Maverick __knowledge__ In fact, Maverick's failure to brand his cattle had little to do with independent mindedness, but reflected his lack of interest in ranching.", "Samuel Maverick __knowledge__ Unbranded cattle which were not part of the herd came to be labeled \"mavericks\".", "Laredo, Texas __knowledge__ Laredo ( ; ) is the county seat of Webb County, Texas, United States, located on the north bank of the Rio Grande in South Texas, across from Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico.", "Laredo, Texas __knowledge__ According to the 2010 census, the city population was 236,091, making it the tenth-most populous city in the state of Texas and third-most populated on the Mexico–United States border, after San Diego, California, and El Paso, Texas.", "Laredo, Texas __knowledge__ Its metropolitan area is the 178th-largest in the U.S. and includes all of Webb County, with a population of 250,304.", "Laredo, Texas __knowledge__ Laredo is also part of the cross-border Laredo-Nuevo Laredo Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 636,516.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ Eagle Pass Army Airfield is a former World War II military airfield complex.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ It is located north of Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ It operated as a training base for the United States Army Air Forces from 1943 until 1945.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ Later, during the Cold War, Eagle Pass Air Force Station (ADC ID: TM-188) was a United States Air Force Radar facility.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ It was operated by Air Defense Command on the site of the World War II air base.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ Opened in 1957, it was closed in 1963.", "Eagle Pass Army Airfield __knowledge__ The facility was finally closed in 1991 when the United States Air Force ended its use of the airfield, having designated the field as Laughlin Air Force Auxiliary Landing Field #1 in 1962, using it as part of the pilot training school at Laughlin AFB.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ Eagle Pass Municipal Airport is a former airport, located in Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ Airport operations ended around 1996, being transferred to the Maverick County Memorial International Airport.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ Today the former airport is a commercial site.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ Eagle Pass Municipal Airport was established by the Air Service, United States Army in 1919 as a military airfield.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ It was constructed as a base for observation overflights along the Mexican Border.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ During this period, Mexico was enduring a period of revolution and unrest, which led to border violations and the deaths of American citizens.", "Eagle Pass Municipal Airport __knowledge__ Flight \"A\" of the 90th Squadron (Surveillance) arrived at Eagle Pass Field on 27 August 1919 with de Havilland DH-4 aircraft, and flew observation missions along the border.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (1500–1599) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Roads in Texas are owned and maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT).", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (1500–1599) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Road 1500 (or FM 1500) is located entirely in Lamar County.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (1500–1599) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Road 1501 (or FM 1501) is located entirely in Lamar County.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (1500–1599) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Road 1502 (or FM 1502) is located entirely in Lamar County.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (1500–1599) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Road 1503 (or FM 1503) is located entirely in Lamar County.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (1500–1599) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Road 1504 (or FM 1504) is located entirely in Van Zandt County.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (1500–1599) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Road 1505 (or FM 1505) is located entirely in El Paso County.", "List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (1500–1599) __knowledge__ Farm to Market Road 1506 (or FM 1506) is located entirely in Lamar County.", "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas __knowledge__ The Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, based in Eagle Pass, is a federally recognized tribe that uses revenue from its gaming and business operations to provide housing, education and social services to its members.", "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas __knowledge__ The tribe is a model for other Native American tribes seeking to lift its members out of poverty as they were living under the international bridge over the Rio Grande as recently as the 1980s.", "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas __knowledge__ The Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Texas is located at on the Rio Grande on the U.S.-Mexico border in western Maverick County, just south of the city of Eagle Pass, as part of the community of Rosita South.", "Kickapoo people __knowledge__ The Kickapoo people (Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are an Algonquian-speaking Native American and Indigenous Mexican tribe.", "Kickapoo people __knowledge__ \"Anishinaabeg\" say the name \"Kickapoo\" (\"Giiwigaabaw\" in the Anishinaabe language and its Kickapoo cognate \"Kiwikapawa\") means \"Stands here and there,\" which may have referred to the tribe's migratory patterns.", "Kickapoo people __knowledge__ The name can also mean \"wanderer\".", "Kickapoo people __knowledge__ This interpretation is contested and generally believed to be a folk etymology.", "Kickapoo people __knowledge__ Today there are three federally recognized Kickapoo tribes in the United States: Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas, the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, and the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas." ] ]

[ 2, 6, 6, 47, 23 ]

[ "I like Nachos also due to the tortilla chips.", "Yes, they started in Piedras Negras. Hope I can visit there someday.", "Yes just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Not sure but Eagle Pass is in Maverick County in Texas.", "I am not sure but 26,255 people live there as of 2010." ]

[ "Nachos", "Nachos", "Nachos", "Nachos", "Nachos" ]

[ "Hospital", "I agree, I am studying to become a nurse just so I can help people as well.", "I actually work in an emergency department. It is very stressful ." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hospital __knowledge__ A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment.", "Hospital __knowledge__ The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a heart attack.", "Hospital __knowledge__ A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Specialised hospitals include trauma centres, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric treatment (see psychiatric hospital) and certain disease categories.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Specialised hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals.", "Hospital __knowledge__ A teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and nurses.", "Hospital __knowledge__ The medical facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g.", "Hospital __knowledge__ surgery and urgent care) and specialist units such as cardiology.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hospital __knowledge__ A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment.", "Hospital __knowledge__ The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a heart attack.", "Hospital __knowledge__ A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Specialised hospitals include trauma centres, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric treatment (see psychiatric hospital) and certain disease categories.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Specialised hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals.", "Hospital __knowledge__ A teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and nurses.", "Hospital __knowledge__ The medical facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g.", "Hospital __knowledge__ surgery and urgent care) and specialist units such as cardiology.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 12 January 1999 on BBC One.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ The series was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the established BBC medical drama \"Casualty\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ It is set in the same hospital as \"Casualty\", Holby General, in the fictional city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with both \"Casualty\" (in episodes broadcast as \"Casualty@Holby City\") and the show's 2007 police procedural spin-off \"HolbyBlue\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" follows the professional and personal lives of surgeons, nurses, other medical and ancillary staff and patients at Holby General.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Nurses practice in many specialties with differing levels of prescription authority.", "Nursing __knowledge__ Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers.", "Nursing __knowledge__ However, nurse practitioners are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings.", "Caregiver __knowledge__ A caregiver or carer is an unpaid or paid member of a person's social network who helps them with activities of daily living.", "Caregiver __knowledge__ Caregiving is most commonly used to address impairments related to old age, disability, a disease, or a mental disorder.", "Caregiver __knowledge__ Typical duties of a caregiver might include taking care of someone who has a chronic illness or disease; managing medications or talking to doctors and nurses on someone's behalf; helping to bathe or dress someone who is frail or disabled; or taking care of household chores, meals, or bills for someone who cannot do these things alone.", "Caregiver __knowledge__ With an increasingly aging population in all developed societies, the role of caregiver has been increasingly recognized as an important one, both functionally and economically.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of Scream Queens characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the Fox black comedy horror series \"Scream Queens\".", "List of Scream Queens characters __knowledge__ The first season focuses on the Kappa Kappa Tau sorority in Wallace University, led by Chanel Oberlin (Emma Roberts), that is being targeted by a serial killer who uses the Red Devil mascot uniform.", "List of Scream Queens characters __knowledge__ The second season focuses on the murder spree committed by another serial killer using a Green Meanie costume at the C.U.R.E.", "List of Scream Queens characters __knowledge__ institute, a new hospital where Chanel and her friends work.", "List of Scream Queens characters __knowledge__ Chanel Oberlin (Emma Roberts) is the incredibly egotistical, uncaring, self-centered queen bee and sociopathic president of Kappa Kappa Tau at Wallace University.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ This article provides a brief overview of the health systems of the world, sorted by continent.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ When Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962, there were only around 300 doctors across the whole country and no proper system of healthcare.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ Over the next few decades, great progress was made in building up the health sector, with the training of doctors and the creation of many health facilities.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ Today, Algeria has an established network of hospitals (including university hospitals), clinics, medical centres and small health units or dispensaries.", "Health systems by country __knowledge__ While equipment and medicines may not always be the latest available, staffing levels are high and the country has one of the best healthcare systems in Africa.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ In the past, Kosovo’s capabilities to develop a modern health care system were limited.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ Low GDP during 1990 worsened the situation even more.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ However, the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Prishtina marked a significant development in health care.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ This was also followed by launching different health clinics which enabled better conditions for professional development.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ Nowadays the situation has changed and health care system in Kosovo is organized in three sectors including, primary, secondary and tertiary health care.", "Healthcare in Kosovo __knowledge__ Primary health care in Prishtina is organized in thirteen Family Medicine Centers and fifteen Ambulantory Care Units.", "Patient safety __knowledge__ Patient safety is a discipline that emphasizes safety in health care through the prevention, reduction, reporting, and analysis of medical error that often leads to adverse effects.", "Patient safety __knowledge__ The frequency and magnitude of avoidable adverse events experienced by patients was not well known until the 1990s, when multiple countries reported staggering numbers of patients harmed and killed by medical errors.", "Patient safety __knowledge__ Recognizing that healthcare errors impact 1 in every 10 patients around the world, the World Health Organization calls patient safety an endemic concern.", "Patient safety __knowledge__ Indeed, patient safety has emerged as a distinct healthcare discipline supported by an immature yet developing scientific framework.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded national healthcare system for England and one of the four National Health Services of the United Kingdom.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ It is the largest single-payer healthcare system in the world.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ Primarily funded through the general taxation system and overseen by the Department of Health, NHS England provides healthcare to all legal English residents, with most services free at the point of use.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ Some services, such as emergency treatment and treatment of infectious diseases are free for everyone, including visitors.", "National Health Service (England) __knowledge__ Free healthcare at the point of use comes from the core principles at the founding of the National Health Service by the Labour government in 1948.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System is one of South Carolina’s largest healthcare systems, serving 11 counties including Spartanburg, Greenville, Cherokee, Laurens, Newberry and Union counties in South Carolina, and Rutherford county in North Carolina.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ It is an integrated healthcare delivery system which provides healthcare from birth to hospice.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ The Spartanburg Regional Health Services District, Inc. is a self-funded, political subdivision of the state of South Carolina and does not receive tax dollars from the community.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ SRHS is composed of Spartanburg Medical Center, Pelham Medical Center, Spartanburg Hospital for Restorative Care, Union Medical Center, Medical Group of the Carolinas, Ellen Sagar Nursing Center and Regional HealthPlus." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hospital __knowledge__ A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment.", "Hospital __knowledge__ The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a heart attack.", "Hospital __knowledge__ A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Specialised hospitals include trauma centres, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric treatment (see psychiatric hospital) and certain disease categories.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Specialised hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals.", "Hospital __knowledge__ A teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and nurses.", "Hospital __knowledge__ The medical facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g.", "Hospital __knowledge__ surgery and urgent care) and specialist units such as cardiology.", "Hospital __knowledge__ Some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Emergency department __knowledge__ An emergency department (ED), also known as an accident & emergency department (A&E), emergency room (ER), emergency ward (EW) or casualty department, is a medical treatment facility specializing in emergency medicine, the acute care of patients who present without prior appointment; either by their own means or by that of an ambulance.", "Emergency department __knowledge__ The emergency department is usually found in a hospital or other primary care center.", "Emergency department __knowledge__ Due to the unplanned nature of patient attendance, the department must provide initial treatment for a broad spectrum of illnesses and injuries, some of which may be life-threatening and require immediate attention.", "Emergency medicine __knowledge__ Emergency medicine, also known as accident and emergency medicine, is the medical specialty concerned with caring for undifferentiated, unscheduled patients with illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention.", "Emergency medicine __knowledge__ In their role as first-line providers, emergency physicians are responsible for initiating resuscitation and stabilization, starting investigations and interventions to diagnose and treat illnesses in the acute phase, coordinating care with specialists, and determining disposition regarding patients' need for hospital admission, observation, or discharge.", "Emergency medicine __knowledge__ Emergency physicians generally practice in hospital emergency departments, pre-hospital settings via emergency medical services, and intensive care units, but may also work in primary care settings such as urgent care clinics.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System is one of South Carolina’s largest healthcare systems, serving 11 counties including Spartanburg, Greenville, Cherokee, Laurens, Newberry and Union counties in South Carolina, and Rutherford county in North Carolina.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ It is an integrated healthcare delivery system which provides healthcare from birth to hospice.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ The Spartanburg Regional Health Services District, Inc. is a self-funded, political subdivision of the state of South Carolina and does not receive tax dollars from the community.", "Spartanburg Regional __knowledge__ SRHS is composed of Spartanburg Medical Center, Pelham Medical Center, Spartanburg Hospital for Restorative Care, Union Medical Center, Medical Group of the Carolinas, Ellen Sagar Nursing Center and Regional HealthPlus.", "Emergency nursing __knowledge__ Emergency nursing is a specialty within the field of professional nursing focusing on the care of patients with medical emergencies, that is, those who require prompt medical attention to avoid long-term disability or death.", "Emergency nursing __knowledge__ Emergency nurses are most frequently employed in hospital emergency departments (EDs), although they may also work in urgent care centers, sports arenas, and on medical transport helicopters and ambulances.", "Emergency nursing __knowledge__ In addition to addressing these \"true emergencies,\" emergency nurses increasingly care for people who are unwilling or unable to get primary medical care elsewhere and come to emergency departments for help.", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, also known by the acronym CPR is an emergency procedure performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ It is a basic but proven first aid skill, practiced throughout the world.", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ It is an effective method of keeping a victim of cardiac arrest alive long enough for definitive treatment to be delivered (usually defibrillation and intravenous cardiac drugs).", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ Prior to the inception of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, there had been some techniques to keep people alive developed in the 18th century, both in Japan and in Europe, however it was not until the mid-20th century that James Elam and Peter Safar discovered and published the method now known as CPR.", "Nick Jordan (character) __knowledge__ Nick Jordan is a fictional character from the BBC medical dramas \"Casualty\" and \"Holby City\", portrayed by actor Michael French.", "Nick Jordan (character) __knowledge__ Jordan first appeared in two episodes of \"Casualty\" in 1998, before becoming a main character in spin-off show \"Holby City\" from its 1999 conception, in the role of Cardiothoracic Surgical Registrar.", "Nick Jordan (character) __knowledge__ He departed from the show in its second series, returning for a 2005 Christmas crossover special between the two series, styled \"Casualty@Holby City\".", "Nick Jordan (character) __knowledge__ He returned again to \"Holby City\" in 2006, taking on the role of General Surgical Consultant, departing a few months later in order to pursue a transfer back to cardiothoracics.", "Triage __knowledge__ Triage ( or //) is the process of determining the priority of patients' treatments based on the severity of their condition.", "Triage __knowledge__ This rations patient treatment efficiently when resources are insufficient for all to be treated immediately.", "Triage __knowledge__ The term comes from the French verb \"trier\", meaning to separate, sift or select.", "Triage __knowledge__ Triage may result in determining the order and priority of emergency treatment, the order and priority of emergency transport, or the transport destination for the patient.", "Triage __knowledge__ Triage may also be used for patients arriving at the emergency department, or telephoning medical advice systems, among others.", "MedStar Health __knowledge__ MedStar Health is a not-for-profit healthcare organization.", "MedStar Health __knowledge__ It operates more than 120 entities, including ten hospitals in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area of the United States.", "MedStar Health __knowledge__ In 2011 it was ranked as the employer with the largest number of local employees in the region.", "MedStar Health __knowledge__ MedStar contributes approximately $111 million in payroll tax to the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia each year.", "MedStar Health __knowledge__ Additionally, as of 2012, MedStar Health provided almost $312 million in charity care and community benefit on an annual basis.", "MedStar Health __knowledge__ In 1998, Medlantic Healthcare Group merged with Helix Health, a group of four Baltimore, Maryland hospitals." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 16 ]

[ "Kudos to our doctors and nurses that attend to patients in thehospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff .", "The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problem", "emergency department (ED), also known as an accident & emergency department (A&E), emergency room (ER), emergency ward (EW) or casualty department, is a medical treatment facility specializing in emergency medicine," ]

[ "Hospital", "Hospital", "Hospital" ]

[ "Linebacker", "Really? I like American football", "What is the other name for American football?", "Why is it called American football?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards (4 m) behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore \"back up the line.\"", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a \"two-point stance\" (as opposed to the defensive linemen, who put one or two hands on the ground for a \"three-point stance\" or \"four-point stance\" before the ball is snapped).", "Linebacker __knowledge__ The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense's quarterback.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass protection, when required.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Similar to the \"free safety\" position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap, to determine their role during that particular play." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards (4 m) behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore \"back up the line.\"", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a \"two-point stance\" (as opposed to the defensive linemen, who put one or two hands on the ground for a \"three-point stance\" or \"four-point stance\" before the ball is snapped).", "Linebacker __knowledge__ The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense's quarterback.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass protection, when required.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Similar to the \"free safety\" position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap, to determine their role during that particular play.", "American football __knowledge__ American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron football or simply gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense, which is the team controlling the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the defense, which is the team without control of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and aims to take control of the ball for themselves.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, and otherwise they turn over the football to the defense; if the offense succeeds in advancing ten yards or more, they are given a new set of four downs.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ A comparison of American football and rugby union is possible because of the games' shared origins, despite their dissimilarities.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in rugby the player may pass the ball behind him provided he is not on the ground.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ If the tackled player is on the ground, the ball must be released, allowing any other player (including the opposition) to pick up the ball (usually a ruck forms) and the play continues.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in American Football the play is concluded and the team on offense maintains possession usually if either the ball was advanced past the first down marker (resulting in a first down and a renewal of the down count) or else the down count advances (although if the play was the fourth down play and the ball is not advanced past the first down marker then the defensive team would gain possession).", "History of American football __knowledge__ The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "History of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "History of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the \"Father of American Football\".", "College football __knowledge__ College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities.", "College football __knowledge__ It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States.", "College football __knowledge__ Unlike most other sports in North America, no minor league farm organizations exist in American or Canadian football.", "College football __knowledge__ Therefore, college football is generally considered to be the second tier of American football in the United States and Canadian football in Canada; one step ahead of high school competition, and one step below professional competition.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ American and Canadian football are gridiron codes of football that are very similar.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ Both have their origins in rugby football.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ There are, however, some key differences.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ Football was introduced to North America in Canada by the British Army garrison in Montreal, which played a series of games with McGill University.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ In 1874, the U.S. Harvard University hosted Canada's McGill University to play the new game derived from rugby football in a home-and-home series.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ When the Canadians arrived several days early, to take advantage of the trip to see Boston and the surrounding areas, they held daily practices.", "List of Eyeshield 21 characters __knowledge__ The \"Eyeshield 21\" anime and manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Riichiro Inagaki and Yusuke Murata.", "List of Eyeshield 21 characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in Tokyo, Japan, where the members of Deimon Devil Bats have the ambition to compete at the Christmas Bowl, the most important high school American football championship of the country.", "List of Eyeshield 21 characters __knowledge__ The main character of the series is Sena Kobayakawa, a wimpy boy who was a gofer to avoid being bullied during his childhood; he enters Deimon High School.", "List of Eyeshield 21 characters __knowledge__ While he runs away from the Ha-Ha Brothers his running ability is witnessed by Yoichi Hiruma, the captain of the Deimon Devil Bats, the school's American football team.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ In the United States and Canada, the term professional football includes the professional forms of American and Canadian gridiron football.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ In common usage, it refers to former and existing major football leagues in either country.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ Currently (2016), there are multiple professional football leagues in North America: the three best known are the National Football League (NFL) and the Arena Football League (AFL) in the U.S. and the Canadian Football League (CFL) in Canada.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ The NFL has existed continuously since being so named in 1922.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ Compared to the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada, football has comparatively few levels of play and does not have a well-developed minor league system or pyramid, either official or otherwise.", "History of American football positions __knowledge__ American football positions have slowly evolved over the history of American football.", "History of American football positions __knowledge__ From its origins in early rugby football to the modern game, the names and roles of various positions have changed greatly, some positions no longer exist, and others have been created to fill new roles.", "History of American football positions __knowledge__ Being variants of 19th century rugby football, American and Canadian football position nomenclature has its origin there.", "History of American football positions __knowledge__ Early rugby did no more than distinguish in tactics between the great bulk of the players who played as forwards and the relative few who played back defensively as \"tends\", as in goaltenders.", "BC Lions __knowledge__ The BC Lions are a professional Canadian football team competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL).", "BC Lions __knowledge__ Based in Vancouver, British Columbia, the Lions play their home games at BC Place.", "BC Lions __knowledge__ The Lions played their first season in 1954, and have played every season since.", "BC Lions __knowledge__ As such, they are the oldest professional sports franchise in the city of Vancouver and in the province of British Columbia.", "BC Lions __knowledge__ They have appeared in the league's Grey Cup championship game 10 times, winning six of those games, with their most recent championship occurring in 2011.", "BC Lions __knowledge__ The Lions were the first Western Canadian team to have won the Grey Cup at home, having done so in 1994 and 2011, before Saskatchewan won in 2013, while also becoming the only team to beat an American-based franchise in a championship game, a feat accomplished in 1994.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The following is a description of the various and alternating rules of gridiron football.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Numerous leagues or organizations tend to send a laundry list of rules in order to better distinguish themselves from their counterparts.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ American football is played on a field .", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The longer boundary lines are \"sidelines\", while the shorter boundary lines are \"end lines\".", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Sidelines and end lines are out of bounds.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Near each end of the field is a \"goal line\"; they are apart.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ A scoring area called an \"end zone\" extends beyond each goal line to each end line.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The end zone includes the goal line but not the end line." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards (4 m) behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore \"back up the line.\"", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a \"two-point stance\" (as opposed to the defensive linemen, who put one or two hands on the ground for a \"three-point stance\" or \"four-point stance\" before the ball is snapped).", "Linebacker __knowledge__ The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense's quarterback.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass protection, when required.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Similar to the \"free safety\" position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap, to determine their role during that particular play.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ A comparison of American football and rugby union is possible because of the games' shared origins, despite their dissimilarities.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in rugby the player may pass the ball behind him provided he is not on the ground.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ If the tackled player is on the ground, the ball must be released, allowing any other player (including the opposition) to pick up the ball (usually a ruck forms) and the play continues.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in American Football the play is concluded and the team on offense maintains possession usually if either the ball was advanced past the first down marker (resulting in a first down and a renewal of the down count) or else the down count advances (although if the play was the fourth down play and the ball is not advanced past the first down marker then the defensive team would gain possession).", "American football __knowledge__ American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron football or simply gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense, which is the team controlling the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the defense, which is the team without control of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and aims to take control of the ball for themselves.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, and otherwise they turn over the football to the defense; if the offense succeeds in advancing ten yards or more, they are given a new set of four downs.", "History of American football __knowledge__ The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "History of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "History of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the \"Father of American Football\".", "College football __knowledge__ College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities.", "College football __knowledge__ It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States.", "College football __knowledge__ Unlike most other sports in North America, no minor league farm organizations exist in American or Canadian football.", "College football __knowledge__ Therefore, college football is generally considered to be the second tier of American football in the United States and Canadian football in Canada; one step ahead of high school competition, and one step below professional competition.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ American and Canadian football are gridiron codes of football that are very similar.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ Both have their origins in rugby football.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ There are, however, some key differences.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ Football was introduced to North America in Canada by the British Army garrison in Montreal, which played a series of games with McGill University.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ In 1874, the U.S. Harvard University hosted Canada's McGill University to play the new game derived from rugby football in a home-and-home series.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ When the Canadians arrived several days early, to take advantage of the trip to see Boston and the surrounding areas, they held daily practices.", "Modern history of American football __knowledge__ The modern history of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game, which was the first American football game to feature hash marks, the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage, and the movement of the goal posts back to the goal line; it was also the first indoor game since 1902.", "Modern history of American football __knowledge__ Other innovations to occur in the years after 1932 were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934, the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934, the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935, the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939.", "Southern Football League (South Australia) __knowledge__ The Southern Football League (SFL) is an Australian rules football league in South Australia.", "Southern Football League (South Australia) __knowledge__ The League was formed, as the Southern Football Association, in 1886.", "Southern Football League (South Australia) __knowledge__ The league is a suburban competition which also acts as a feeder competition for the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) and in turn the Australian Football League (AFL).", "Southern Football League (South Australia) __knowledge__ Some AFL players from the SFL are Adam Cooney, Nathan Eagleton, Ben Rutten, Dean Brogan and Andrew Mackie.", "Southern Football League (South Australia) __knowledge__ SANFL clubs that have recruitment zones linked to the Southern Football League are West Adelaide Football Club, Glenelg Football Club and South Adelaide Football Club.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ Kenneth Robert Rosewall (born 2 November 1934) is a former world top-ranking amateur and professional tennis player from Australia.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ He won a record 23 tennis Majors including 8 Grand Slam singles titles and before the Open Era a record 15 Pro Slam titles and a record 35 Major finals overall.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ He won the Pro Grand Slam in 1963.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ Rosewall won 9 slams in doubles with a career double grand slam.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ He is considered to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ He had a renowned backhand and enjoyed a long career at the highest levels from the early 1950s to the early 1970s.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ Rosewall was one of the two best male players for about nine years and was the World No.", "Joe Wilson (Australian footballer) __knowledge__ Joseph Francis Wilson (27 September 1870 – 7 December 1912) was an Australian sportsman who was prominent during the late 19th century.", "Joe Wilson (Australian footballer) __knowledge__ Originally from Launceston, Tasmania, he was educated at Launceston Grammar School and played Australian rules football and cricket for the school's firsts aged only 15.", "Joe Wilson (Australian footballer) __knowledge__ In addition to his school sports, Wilson played football for the Launceston Football Club in the Northern Tasmanian Football Association (NTFA) and cricket for several senior Launceston clubs.", "Joe Wilson (Australian footballer) __knowledge__ He established himself as one of Launceston's best all-round sportsmen by the time he completed high school; he was a prominent member of Launceston Football Club's consecutive NTFA premiership teams of 1888 and 1889, and he regularly represented Northern Tasmania in cricket and football.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ The history of baseball in the United States can be traced to the 19th century, when amateurs played a baseball-like game by their own informal rules using homemade equipment.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ The popularity of the sport inspired the semi-pro national baseball clubs in the 1860s.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ The earliest known mention of baseball in the U.S was a 1791 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, ordinance banning the playing of the game within of the town meeting house.", "History of baseball in the United States __knowledge__ In 1903, the British sportswriter Henry Chadwick published an article speculating that baseball derived from a British game called rounders, which Chadwick had played as a boy in England.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ Lionel Andrés \"Leo\" Messi Cuccittini (; born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as the greatest of all time, Messi has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, four of which he won consecutively, and a record-tying four European Golden Shoes.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he has won 29 trophies, including eight La Liga titles, four UEFA Champions League titles, and five Copas del Rey.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga (368), a La Liga season (50), a club football season in Europe (73), a calendar year (91), El Clásico (26), as well as those for most assists made in La Liga (146) and the Copa América (11).", "Miljoenenjacht __knowledge__ Miljoenenjacht (; ), officially Postcode Loterij Miljoenenjacht, is a Dutch game show, sponsored by the country's postcode lottery, where a contestant and at-home viewer could win up to €5,000,000 (approx.", "Miljoenenjacht __knowledge__ $6,420,000 or £4,010,000) or as little as €0.01.", "Miljoenenjacht __knowledge__ The show is broadcast at various times, spanning across six episodes for each set.", "Miljoenenjacht __knowledge__ The program was originally shown by TROS on Nederland 2, but moved to creator John de Mol's channel Tien in 2005.", "Miljoenenjacht __knowledge__ After the channel was discontinued after its sale to the RTL Group, the program moved to RTL 4.", "Miljoenenjacht __knowledge__ Originally based on the German game show \"\", the format of the programme's final round used since 2002 has been exported worldwide by Dutch producer Endemol under the title \"Deal or No Deal\", a title also used for Miljoenenjacht's lower-stakes sister spinoff on RTL 5, which is based more off the global format and removes the additional elements.", "Arsène Wenger __knowledge__ Arsène Wenger, (; born 22 October 1949), is a French football manager and former player.", "Arsène Wenger __knowledge__ He has been the manager of Arsenal since October 1996, where he has since become the club's longest-serving manager and most successful in terms of major titles won.", "Arsène Wenger __knowledge__ Football pundits give Wenger credit for his contribution to the revolutionising of football in England in the late 1990s through the introduction of changes in the training and diet of players.", "Arsène Wenger __knowledge__ Wenger was born in Strasbourg and raised in Duttlenheim.", "Arsène Wenger __knowledge__ He was introduced to football by his father, the manager of the local village team.", "Arsène Wenger __knowledge__ After a modest playing career, in which he made appearances for several amateur clubs, Wenger obtained a manager's diploma in 1981." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards (4 m) behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore \"back up the line.\"", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a \"two-point stance\" (as opposed to the defensive linemen, who put one or two hands on the ground for a \"three-point stance\" or \"four-point stance\" before the ball is snapped).", "Linebacker __knowledge__ The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense's quarterback.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass protection, when required.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Similar to the \"free safety\" position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap, to determine their role during that particular play.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ A comparison of American football and rugby union is possible because of the games' shared origins, despite their dissimilarities.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in rugby the player may pass the ball behind him provided he is not on the ground.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ If the tackled player is on the ground, the ball must be released, allowing any other player (including the opposition) to pick up the ball (usually a ruck forms) and the play continues.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in American Football the play is concluded and the team on offense maintains possession usually if either the ball was advanced past the first down marker (resulting in a first down and a renewal of the down count) or else the down count advances (although if the play was the fourth down play and the ball is not advanced past the first down marker then the defensive team would gain possession).", "American football __knowledge__ American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron football or simply gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense, which is the team controlling the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the defense, which is the team without control of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and aims to take control of the ball for themselves.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, and otherwise they turn over the football to the defense; if the offense succeeds in advancing ten yards or more, they are given a new set of four downs.", "History of American football __knowledge__ The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "History of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "History of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the \"Father of American Football\".", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ American and Canadian football are gridiron codes of football that are very similar.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ Both have their origins in rugby football.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ There are, however, some key differences.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ Football was introduced to North America in Canada by the British Army garrison in Montreal, which played a series of games with McGill University.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ In 1874, the U.S. Harvard University hosted Canada's McGill University to play the new game derived from rugby football in a home-and-home series.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ When the Canadians arrived several days early, to take advantage of the trip to see Boston and the surrounding areas, they held daily practices.", "College football __knowledge__ College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities.", "College football __knowledge__ It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States.", "College football __knowledge__ Unlike most other sports in North America, no minor league farm organizations exist in American or Canadian football.", "College football __knowledge__ Therefore, college football is generally considered to be the second tier of American football in the United States and Canadian football in Canada; one step ahead of high school competition, and one step below professional competition.", "Borregos Salvajes __knowledge__ The Borregos Salvajes (in English: Wild Rams) is the name of all the sports teams that represent the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM) in various sports, such as: basketball, volleyball, American football and football for both men's and women's teams.", "Borregos Salvajes __knowledge__ The Tec de Monterrey teams are best known for college football across Mexico.", "Borregos Salvajes __knowledge__ The two most successful Borregos football teams are those from the Monterrey and State of Mexico campuses.", "Borregos Salvajes __knowledge__ These two teams have won the majority of the college league championships since the early 1990s.", "Borregos Salvajes __knowledge__ In 1945, a group of young students from an emerging educational institution came together to create a team of a little-known sport called American football, to accept an invitation from the newly created team of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León.", "American football in Australia __knowledge__ American football, known locally as \"gridiron\", is a participation and spectator sport in Australia.", "American football in Australia __knowledge__ The sport is represented by Gridiron Australia, a member of the International Federation of American Football (IFAF), and also Gridiron Victoria, which operates independent of Gridiron Australia The sport has been played in six Australian states and territories across the country since World War II, but has only had regular league play since 1983.", "American football in Australia __knowledge__ There is no uniform gridiron season in Australia.", "American football in Australia __knowledge__ The various state and territory bodies play at different times of the year.", "American football in Australia __knowledge__ There are currently 73 junior and senior teams playing gridiron in Australia.", "Gridiron football __knowledge__ Gridiron football, also known as North American football or simply football, is a football sport primarily played in the United States and Canada.", "Gridiron football __knowledge__ American football, which uses 11-player teams, is the form played in the United States and the best known form worldwide, while Canadian football, featuring 12-player teams, predominates in Canada.", "Gridiron football __knowledge__ Other derivative varieties include indoor football, football for smaller teams (most commonly eight players), and informal games such as touch and flag football.", "Gridiron football __knowledge__ Football is played at professional, collegiate, semi-professional, and amateur levels.", "Gridiron football __knowledge__ The sport originated in the 19th century out of older games related to modern rugby football and soccer (association football).", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ In the United States and Canada, the term professional football includes the professional forms of American and Canadian gridiron football.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ In common usage, it refers to former and existing major football leagues in either country.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ Currently (2016), there are multiple professional football leagues in North America: the three best known are the National Football League (NFL) and the Arena Football League (AFL) in the U.S. and the Canadian Football League (CFL) in Canada.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ The NFL has existed continuously since being so named in 1922.", "Professional football (gridiron) __knowledge__ Compared to the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada, football has comparatively few levels of play and does not have a well-developed minor league system or pyramid, either official or otherwise.", "Sports in North America __knowledge__ There is a wide variety of organized sports in the continent of North America.", "Sports in North America __knowledge__ The continent is the birthplace of several of these organized sports, such as basketball, gridiron football (including both American and Canadian games), ice hockey, lacrosse, racquetball, rodeo, ultimate, and volleyball.", "Sports in North America __knowledge__ The modern versions of baseball and softball, skateboarding, snowboarding, stock car racing, and surfing also developed in North America.", "Sports in North America __knowledge__ Sports leagues in Canada and the United States use a closed, franchise model which has the same teams playing every year, with occasional additions of expansion teams or relocations of existing teams.", "Gridiron NSW __knowledge__ Gridiron NSW, formerly known as NSW Gridiron Football League (NSWGFL) until 2007, is the governing body for American football (otherwise known as 'gridiron') in the state of New South Wales, Australia.", "Gridiron NSW __knowledge__ Arguably the longest tenured American football league in Australia, Gridiron NSW took over from the Australian American Football Conference (AAFC) after its inaugural 1984 season and ultimately survived a threat from the breakaway NSW Premier State Gridiron League between 1993 and 1996.", "Gridiron NSW __knowledge__ The NSW Premier State Gridiron League and NSW Gridiron Football League merged prior to the commencement of the 1997 season and since that time, Gridiron NSW has continued to expand as the sport has enjoyed increasing popularity both in New South Wales and Australia generally.", "Harvard–Yale football rivalry __knowledge__ The Harvard–Yale football rivalry is renewed annually with The Game, an American college football contest between the Harvard Crimson football team of Harvard University and the Yale Bulldogs football team of Yale University.", "Harvard–Yale football rivalry __knowledge__ The contest concludes the season for both programs, the winner does not take possession of a physical prize, and the respective Yale residential college football teams compete against \"sister\" Harvard house teams the day before.", "Harvard–Yale football rivalry __knowledge__ The Game (with the Princeton–Yale contest second) is third among most-played NCAA Division 1 football rivalries.", "Harvard–Yale football rivalry __knowledge__ Yale leads the series 67–59–8.", "Harvard–Yale football rivalry __knowledge__ \"Harvard and Yale generally duke it out in the academic arena\", but geographic proximity, the history of Yale's founding and social competition between the respective student and alumni bodies animate the athletic rivalry." ] ]

[ 1, 12, 17, 17 ]

[ "A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football", "they are the best players", "american football is known as gridiron football or simply gridiron", " is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end" ]

[ "Linebacker", "Linebacker", "Linebacker", "Linebacker" ]

[ "Linebacker", "That sounds difficult, can you tell me more about it?", "What exactly is the goal of the linebacker, what are they trying to do?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards (4 m) behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore \"back up the line.\"", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a \"two-point stance\" (as opposed to the defensive linemen, who put one or two hands on the ground for a \"three-point stance\" or \"four-point stance\" before the ball is snapped).", "Linebacker __knowledge__ The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense's quarterback.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass protection, when required.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Similar to the \"free safety\" position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap, to determine their role during that particular play." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards (4 m) behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore \"back up the line.\"", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a \"two-point stance\" (as opposed to the defensive linemen, who put one or two hands on the ground for a \"three-point stance\" or \"four-point stance\" before the ball is snapped).", "Linebacker __knowledge__ The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense's quarterback.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass protection, when required.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Similar to the \"free safety\" position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap, to determine their role during that particular play.", "Frenzy (Transformers) __knowledge__ Frenzy is the name of several fictional characters in the various Transformers universes.", "Frenzy (Transformers) __knowledge__ \"Wired\" magazine once nominated him as one of the 12 most ridiculous Transformers of all time.", "Frenzy (Transformers) __knowledge__ Frenzy often works with Soundwave, along with other cassette Decepticons Ravage, Laserbeak and Buzzsaw.", "Frenzy (Transformers) __knowledge__ Because of his coloration on the original cartoon, he is sometimes misidentified as Rumble.", "Frenzy (Transformers) __knowledge__ The toy is colored blue and indigo, but his cartoon model is red, black, and gold.", "Frenzy (Transformers) __knowledge__ His toy-accurate color scheme in the Marvel Comics series remained intact, and following media such as Dreamwave and IDW's comics followed the toy's colors as well.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Nashville Sounds are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Oakland Athletics.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ They are located in Nashville, Tennessee, and are named for the city's association with the music industry.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at First Tennessee Park which opened in 2015 and is partially located on the site of the historic Sulphur Dell ballpark.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Sounds previously played at Herschel Greer Stadium from its opening in 1978 until the end of the 2014 season.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ Established as an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League in 1978, the Sounds were replaced by a Triple-A American Association team in 1985.", "Central venous catheter __knowledge__ A central venous catheter (CVC), also known as a central line, central venous line, or central venous access catheter, is a catheter placed into a large vein.", "Central venous catheter __knowledge__ Catheters can be placed in veins in the neck (internal jugular vein), chest (subclavian vein or axillary vein), groin (femoral vein), or through veins in the arms (also known as a PICC line, or peripherally inserted central catheters).", "Central venous catheter __knowledge__ It is used to administer medication or fluids that are unable to be taken by mouth or would harm a smaller peripheral vein, obtain blood tests (specifically the \"central venous oxygen saturation\"), and measure central venous pressure.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ When the circumstances of Genie, the primary victim in one of the most severe cases of abuse, neglect and social isolation on record in medical literature, first became known in early November 1970, authorities arranged for her admission to Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where doctors determined that at the age of 13 years and 7 months she had not acquired a first language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Hospital staff then began teaching Genie to speak General American English, and she gradually began to learn and use language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Their efforts soon caught the attention of linguists, who saw her as an important way to gain further insight into acquisition of language skills and linguistic development.", "Speech perception __knowledge__ Speech perception is the process by which the sounds of language are heard, interpreted and understood.", "Speech perception __knowledge__ The study of speech perception is closely linked to the fields of phonology and phonetics in linguistics and cognitive psychology and perception in psychology.", "Speech perception __knowledge__ Research in speech perception seeks to understand how human listeners recognize speech sounds and use this information to understand spoken language.", "Speech perception __knowledge__ Speech perception research has applications in building computer systems that can recognize speech, in improving speech recognition for hearing- and language-impaired listeners, and in foreign-language teaching.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ The origin of speech refers to the more general problem of the origin of language in the context of the physiological development of the human speech organs such as the tongue, lips and vocal organs used to produce phonological units in all human languages.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ Although related to the more general problem of the origin of language, the evolution of distinctively human speech capacities has become a distinct and in many ways separate area of scientific research.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ The topic is a separate one because language is not necessarily spoken: it can equally be written or signed.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ Speech is in this sense optional, although it is the default modality for language.", "James Harrison (American football) __knowledge__ James Henry Harrison Jr. (born May 4, 1978) is an American football linebacker for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL).", "James Harrison (American football) __knowledge__ He played college football for Kent State University, and was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2002.", "James Harrison (American football) __knowledge__ A five-time Pro Bowl selection, Harrison has won two Super Bowls with the Steelers, Super Bowl XL and Super Bowl XLIII.", "James Harrison (American football) __knowledge__ Harrison also played for NFL Europe's Rhein Fire and had a brief stint with the Baltimore Ravens.", "James Harrison (American football) __knowledge__ He played 10 games for the Cincinnati Bengals in 2013.", "James Harrison (American football) __knowledge__ After the 2013 season, he stated that he would be retiring from the NFL, but he came out of retirement to return to the Steelers.", "Julius Peppers __knowledge__ Julius Frazier Peppers (born January 18, 1980) is an American football defensive end for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL).", "Julius Peppers __knowledge__ He played college football at North Carolina, where he was recognized as a unanimous All-American, and was drafted by the Panthers second overall in the 2002 NFL Draft.", "Julius Peppers __knowledge__ Peppers also played for the Chicago Bears from through and the Green Bay Packers from to .", "Julius Peppers __knowledge__ Peppers has been named to the Pro Bowl nine times, and both the first and second All-Pro teams three times each.", "Julius Peppers __knowledge__ In his rookie season, he was named NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year in , where he recorded 12 sacks, five forced fumbles, and an interception, all while playing in only 12 games.", "4–4 defense __knowledge__ In American football, the 4–4 defense is a defensive alignment consisting of four down linemen and four linebackers.", "4–4 defense __knowledge__ Originally seen as a passing defense against the spread, modern versions of the 4-4 are attacking defenses stocked with multiple blitz packages that can easily be concealed and altered.", "4–4 defense __knowledge__ The modern defense is based on speed, athleticism and intelligence rather than on size and strength.", "4–4 defense __knowledge__ Versatility is key because players may have to change roles from one play to the next.", "4–4 defense __knowledge__ A top priority of the 4–4 defense is stopping the run by keeping eight men close to the line of scrimmage.", "4–4 defense __knowledge__ This also makes it difficult for the offense to identify where the pressure comes from when the defense blitzes.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "Jack Lambert (American football) __knowledge__ John Harold Lambert (born July 8, 1952) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL).", "Jack Lambert (American football) __knowledge__ Recognized by the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1990 as \"the premier linebacker of his era,\" Lambert was the starting middle linebacker for four Super Bowl-winning teams during an 11-year career with the Pittsburgh Steelers.", "Jack Lambert (American football) __knowledge__ Lambert was born in Mantua, Ohio.", "Jack Lambert (American football) __knowledge__ He played football for Kent State, winning two All-Mid-American Conference linebacker honors.", "Jack Lambert (American football) __knowledge__ Don James was his head coach.", "Jack Lambert (American football) __knowledge__ Alabama Crimson Tide football coach Nick Saban and Missouri Tigers football coach Gary Pinkel were teammates.", "2009 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ The 2009 New England Patriots season was the 40th season for the team in the National Football League and 50th season overall.", "2009 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ They finished with a 10–6 record and a division title before losing to the Baltimore Ravens in the playoffs.", "2009 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ After missing the playoffs in 2008, the Patriots' offseason was marked by a number of front office, coaching, and personnel changes.", "2009 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ Vice President of Player Personnel Scott Pioli, who had been head coach Bill Belichick's personnel director since 2000, departed to become the general manager of the Kansas City Chiefs, while offensive coordinator Josh McDaniels was named head coach of the Denver Broncos." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards (4 m) behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore \"back up the line.\"", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a \"two-point stance\" (as opposed to the defensive linemen, who put one or two hands on the ground for a \"three-point stance\" or \"four-point stance\" before the ball is snapped).", "Linebacker __knowledge__ The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense's quarterback.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass protection, when required.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Similar to the \"free safety\" position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap, to determine their role during that particular play.", "2015–16 NFL playoffs __knowledge__ The National Football League playoffs for the 2015 season began on January 9, 2016.", "2015–16 NFL playoffs __knowledge__ The postseason tournament concluded with Super Bowl 50, on February 7, when the Denver Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California.", "2015–16 NFL playoffs __knowledge__ For this year only, the Super Bowl decided not to use a Roman numeral (\"L\") and instead used the standard numeral \"50\".", "2015–16 NFL playoffs __knowledge__ According to Jaime Weston, the league's vice president of brand and creative, the primary reason was that the league's graphic designers had difficulty designing a suitable, aesthetically pleasing logo with only the Roman numeral \"L\".", "2007 Miami Dolphins season __knowledge__ The 2007 Miami Dolphins season was the 38th season for the team in the National Football League and 42nd season overall.", "2007 Miami Dolphins season __knowledge__ The team nearly went winless for the season, but on December 16, the third to last game of the regular season, they beat the Baltimore Ravens, giving them a final record of 1–15.", "2007 Miami Dolphins season __knowledge__ The Detroit Lions became the first team to go 0–16 the following season.", "2007 Miami Dolphins season __knowledge__ Their only win of the season gave them the first pick in the 2008 NFL draft.", "2007 Miami Dolphins season __knowledge__ They also failed to improve upon a 6–10 season in 2006.", "2007 Miami Dolphins season __knowledge__ Under former head coach Nick Saban in a year that began with high hopes, Saban resigned from the Dolphins to become the head coach at the University of Alabama, after repeatedly saying he would stay with the Dolphins.", "2013–14 NFL playoffs __knowledge__ The National Football League playoffs for the 2013 season began on January 4, 2014.", "2013–14 NFL playoffs __knowledge__ The postseason tournament concluded with the Seattle Seahawks defeating the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII, 43–8, on February 2, at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey.", "2013–14 NFL playoffs __knowledge__ In a change from previous seasons, CBS was given both late games during the Divisional Playoffs (as opposed to CBS and Fox each having both an early game on one day and a late game on the other day).", "2013–14 NFL playoffs __knowledge__ In the United States, NBC broadcast the first two Wild Card playoff games, then CBS broadcast the rest of the AFC playoff games.", "2013–14 NFL playoffs __knowledge__ Fox televised the rest of the NFC games and the Super Bowl.", "2007 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ The 2007 New England Patriots season was the 38th season for the team in the National Football League and franchise's 48th season overall.", "2007 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ The Patriots looked to improve on their 12–4 record from 2006 and win the AFC East for the sixth time in seven years.", "2007 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ The Patriots finished the 2007 regular season by winning all sixteen of their games.", "2007 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ They became only the fourth team in NFL history to finish a regular season undefeated, and first to do so since the 1972 Miami Dolphins.", "2007 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ The Patriots were also the first team with a perfect regular season since the NFL expanded its schedule to sixteen games in 1978.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The 2015 Chicago Bears season was the franchise's 96th season in the National Football League.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ After the firing of general manager Phil Emery and head coach Marc Trestman following the 2014 season, the team hired former New Orleans Saints director of player personnel Ryan Pace and Denver Broncos head coach John Fox to fill those positions, respectively.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ Fox's hiring marked the Bears' third head coach in four seasons.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The Bears entered the 2015 season with hopes of improving their 5–11 record in 2014.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The team started the regular season on a poor note, losing their first three games.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ In the following eight games, the team went 5–3, including a Thanksgiving win over the rival Green Bay Packers.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented Pennsylvania State University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ The team was coached by Bill O'Brien and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ They were a member of the Big Ten Conference and its Leaders Division.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ Penn State was ineligible to play in a bowl game for the 2013 season, the second season of a four-year ban, due to NCAA sanctions imposed in the wake of the Penn State child sex abuse scandal.", "2013 Penn State Nittany Lions football team __knowledge__ Before the season, Penn State had an open competition to win the starting quarterback position; true freshman Christian Hackenberg won and started all 12 games for the Nittany Lions.", "2009 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ The 2009 New England Patriots season was the 40th season for the team in the National Football League and 50th season overall.", "2009 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ They finished with a 10–6 record and a division title before losing to the Baltimore Ravens in the playoffs.", "2009 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ After missing the playoffs in 2008, the Patriots' offseason was marked by a number of front office, coaching, and personnel changes.", "2009 New England Patriots season __knowledge__ Vice President of Player Personnel Scott Pioli, who had been head coach Bill Belichick's personnel director since 2000, departed to become the general manager of the Kansas City Chiefs, while offensive coordinator Josh McDaniels was named head coach of the Denver Broncos.", "List of formations in American football __knowledge__ The following is a list of common and historically significant formations in American football.", "List of formations in American football __knowledge__ In football, the formation describes how the players in a team are positioned on the field.", "List of formations in American football __knowledge__ Many variations are possible on both sides of the ball, depending on the strategy being employed.", "List of formations in American football __knowledge__ On offense, the formation must include at least seven players on the line of scrimmage and a center to start the play by snapping the ball.", "List of formations in American football __knowledge__ There are no restrictions on the arrangement of defensive players.", "List of formations in American football __knowledge__ This list is not exhaustive; there are hundreds of different ways to organize a team's players while still remaining within the \"7 on the line 4 in the backfield\" convention.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The following is a description of the various and alternating rules of gridiron football.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Numerous leagues or organizations tend to send a laundry list of rules in order to better distinguish themselves from their counterparts.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ American football is played on a field .", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The longer boundary lines are \"sidelines\", while the shorter boundary lines are \"end lines\".", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Sidelines and end lines are out of bounds.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Near each end of the field is a \"goal line\"; they are apart.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ A scoring area called an \"end zone\" extends beyond each goal line to each end line.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The end zone includes the goal line but not the end line.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ American and Canadian football are gridiron codes of football that are very similar.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ Both have their origins in rugby football.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ There are, however, some key differences.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ Football was introduced to North America in Canada by the British Army garrison in Montreal, which played a series of games with McGill University.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ In 1874, the U.S. Harvard University hosted Canada's McGill University to play the new game derived from rugby football in a home-and-home series.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ When the Canadians arrived several days early, to take advantage of the trip to see Boston and the surrounding areas, they held daily practices.", "American football rules __knowledge__ Game play in American football consists of a series of \"downs\", individual plays of short duration, outside of which the ball is \"dead\" or not in play.", "American football rules __knowledge__ These can be plays from scrimmage – passes, runs, punts, or field goal attempts (from either a place kick or a drop kick) – or free kicks such as kickoffs and fair catch kicks.", "American football rules __knowledge__ Substitutions can be made between downs, which allows for a great deal of specialization as coaches choose the players best suited for each particular situation.", "American football rules __knowledge__ During a play, each team should have no more than 11 players on the field, and each of them has specific tasks assigned for that specific play.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ A comparison of American football and rugby union is possible because of the games' shared origins, despite their dissimilarities.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in rugby the player may pass the ball behind him provided he is not on the ground.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ If the tackled player is on the ground, the ball must be released, allowing any other player (including the opposition) to pick up the ball (usually a ruck forms) and the play continues.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in American Football the play is concluded and the team on offense maintains possession usually if either the ball was advanced past the first down marker (resulting in a first down and a renewal of the down count) or else the down count advances (although if the play was the fourth down play and the ball is not advanced past the first down marker then the defensive team would gain possession)." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4 ]

[ "I play linebacker, it is my position in American football.", "Linebackers are a member of the the defensive team. We line up three to five yards behind the line of scrimmage.", "Our goal is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection. It all depends on what defensive play is being executed." ]

[ "Linebacker", "Linebacker", "Linebacker" ]

[ "Surfing", "I used to do windsurfing so I know a little bit about it. It's really fun.", "What is your favorite place to surf?", "It's really interesting, it must be a really cool place for surfing. Is there any more places good for surfing?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Metamorphosis is the second studio album by American singer Hilary Duff.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ The album was released on August 26, 2003 by Hollywood Records as a follow up to her holiday album, \"Santa Claus Lane\" (2002).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Duff worked with several producers on the album such as The Matrix who worked with Latin Pop Singer, Myra, also signed to Hollywood Records prior.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Others who collaborated on the album include Chico Bennett, Matthew Gerrard, John Shanks, and his frequent writing partner Kara DioGuardi.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ Windsurfing is a surface water sport that combines elements of surfing and sailing.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ It consists of a board usually 2.5 to 3 meters long, with displacements typically between 60 and 250 litres, powered by wind on a sail.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ The rig is connected to the board by a free-rotating universal joint and consists of a mast, boom and sail.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ The sail area generally ranges from 2.5 m to 12 m depending on the conditions, the skill of the sailor, the type of windsurfing being undertaken and the weight of the person windsurfing.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ Some credit S. Newman Darby with the origination of windsurfing by 1964 on the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania, USA when he invented the \"sailboard\", which, incidentally, he did not patent.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "AJ Ahmed __knowledge__ AJ Ahmed is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Phaldut Sharma.", "AJ Ahmed __knowledge__ The character made his first on-screen appearance in episode 4458, which was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on 9 July 2012.", "AJ Ahmed __knowledge__ Sharma filmed his final scenes before Christmas 2013 and the character's final episode was broadcast on 10 January 2014, being episode 4783.", "AJ Ahmed __knowledge__ AJ is an extension to the established Masood family, the younger brother of established character Masood Ahmed (Nitin Ganatra).", "AJ Ahmed __knowledge__ He is disliked by Masood's wife Zainab (Nina Wadia), but brings out a previously unseen fun side to his brother.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is the film and television scores composed by various composers for the films and television series of that franchise.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Ramin Djawadi provided the first MCU music with his original score for \"Iron Man\" in 2008.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Alan Silvestri was the first composer to work on multiple MCU films after he transitioned from scoring \"\" (2011) to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012), while Brian Tyler was the first composer to reference the work of another MCU composer when he quoted Silvestri's \"Captain America March\" in his score for \"\" (2013).", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Original music has also been composed for the Marvel One-Shots short film series, and other related projects of the MCU, including the fanfares for the two Marvel Studios logos, composed by Tyler and Michael Giacchino, respectively.", "2016 Hollywood Casino 400 __knowledge__ The 2016 Hollywood Casino 400 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race held on October 16, 2016, at Kansas Speedway in Kansas City, Kansas.", "2016 Hollywood Casino 400 __knowledge__ Contested over 267 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) intermediate speedway, it was the 31st race of the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, fifth race of the Chase and second race of the Round of 12.", "2016 Hollywood Casino 400 __knowledge__ Kansas Speedway is a tri-oval race track in Kansas City, Kansas.", "2016 Hollywood Casino 400 __knowledge__ It was built in 2001 and it currently hosts two annual NASCAR race weekends.", "2016 Hollywood Casino 400 __knowledge__ The Verizon IndyCar Series also raced at here until 2011.", "2016 Hollywood Casino 400 __knowledge__ The speedway is owned and operated by the International Speedway Corporation.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ Big wave surfing is a discipline within surfing in which experienced surfers paddle into or are towed onto waves which are at least 20 feet (6.2 m) high, on surf boards known as \"guns\" or towboards.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ Sizes of the board needed to successfully surf these waves vary by the size of the wave as well as the technique the surfer uses to reach the wave.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ A larger, longer board allows a rider to paddle fast enough to catch the wave and has the advantage of being more stable, but it also limits maneuverability and surfing speed.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ The current world No.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ 1 big wave rider is Makua Rothman.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ In 1992, big wave surfers such as Laird Hamilton and Darrick Doerner introduced a cross over sport called tow-in surfing.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ The following is a list of surface water sports; these are sports which are performed atop a body of water.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ Discing (also known as \"saucering\" in New England) consists of standing on a circular wooden disc and being towed behind the boat in a manner akin to water skiing.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ The disc (or \"saucer\") is gripped by the feet and supports the rider by means of spreading his/her weight evenly across the water.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ It requires good balance, and is difficult to perform at extremely high speeds.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ Saucer tricks include spinning, jumping, and sharing a disk with one or more partners.", "List of surface water sports __knowledge__ Disks vary from 12 inches to 5 feet in diameter.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Kiteboarding __knowledge__ Kiteboarding is a on and above water sport combining aspects of wakeboarding, snowboarding, windsurfing, surfing, paragliding, skateboarding and sailing into one extreme sport.", "Kiteboarding __knowledge__ A kiteboarder harnesses the power of the wind with a large controllable power kite to be propelled across the water on a kiteboard similar to a wakeboard or a small surfboard, with or without footstraps or bindings.", "Kiteboarding __knowledge__ Kitesurfing is a style of kiteboarding specific to wave riding, which uses standard surfboards or boards shaped specifically for the purpose.", "Kiteboarding __knowledge__ There are different styles of kiteboarding, including freestyle, freeride, downwinders, speed, course racing, wakestyle, jumping and kitesurfing in the waves." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ A surf ski is a long, narrow, lightweight kayak with an open (sit-on-top) cockpit, usually with a foot pedal controlled rudder.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ There are two types of surf skis, the spec ski and the ocean ski.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The spec ski is the traditional craft used by surf life saving clubs and must adhere to strict size and weight.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The ocean ski on the other hand is typically a longer craft with a deeper cockpit.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The Spec ski is designed tougher and with more rocker to manoeuvre in and out of the wave zone.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The ocean ski is made for long-distance ocean paddling and is usually raced downwind with the swells.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ Typically 5.0-6.0 metres(16½-21 ft) long and only 40–50 cm (16-20\") wide, surf skis are extremely fast when paddled on flat water (only an Olympic K1 or K2 kayak is faster) and the fastest paddled craft available over a long distance on ocean swells.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown.", "Surf music __knowledge__ Surf music is a subgenre of rock music associated with surf culture, particularly as found in Southern California.", "Surf music __knowledge__ It was especially popular from 1962 to 1964 in two major forms.", "Surf music __knowledge__ The first is instrumental surf, distinguished by reverb-drenched electric guitars played to evoke the sound of crashing waves, largely pioneered by Dick Dale and the Del-Tones.", "Surf music __knowledge__ The second is vocal surf, which took the original surf sound and added vocal harmonies backed by basic Chuck Berry rhythms, a movement led by the Beach Boys.", "Surf music __knowledge__ Dick Dale developed the surf sound from instrumental rock, where he added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, a spring reverb, and the rapid alternate picking characteristics.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ Piha Surf Life Saving Club (sometimes called Piha Lifeguard Service) is a surf lifesaving club for the southern section of Piha, on the west coast of Auckland, New Zealand, some 45 km from Auckland City centre.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ The patrol is featured on the TVNZ reality show \"Piha Rescue\", and is ordinarily broadcast Mondays at 7:30 PM on the channel TVNZ 1 when a season is running.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ The club is the best-known of 17 surf lifesaving clubs in the Northern Region of New Zealand, and possibly one of the best-known surf lifesaving clubs in the entire country.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ Its high-profile is partly being due to its participation in the television series and partly through its location on one of the country's most-popular surfing beaches.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\".", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing is the sport of surfing either standing waves or tidal bores in rivers.", "River surfing __knowledge__ Claims for its origins include a 1955 ride of 1.5 miles along the tidal bore of the River Severn.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing on standing waves has been documented as far back as the early-1970s in Munich, Germany, today offering the world's largest urban surfing spot.", "River surfing __knowledge__ In this type of river surfing, the wave is stationary on the river, caused by a high volume of water constricted by flowing over a rock and creating a wave behind.", "River surfing __knowledge__ It is a form of hydraulic jump.", "River surfing __knowledge__ A river surfer can face up-stream and catch this wave and have the feeling of traveling fast over water while not actually moving.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Duluth is a major port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Duluth has a population of 86,293 and is the second-largest city on Lake Superior's shores, after Thunder Bay, Ontario, in Canada; it has the largest metropolitan area on the lake.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ The Duluth MSA had a population of 279,771 in 2010, the second-largest in Minnesota.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Situated on the north shore of Lake Superior at the westernmost point of the Great Lakes, Duluth is accessible to oceangoing vessels from the Atlantic Ocean away via the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Duluth forms a metropolitan area with neighboring Superior, Wisconsin, called the Twin Ports.", "Glacial history of Minnesota __knowledge__ The glacial history of Minnesota is most defined since the onset of the last glacial period, which ended some 10,000 years ago.", "Glacial history of Minnesota __knowledge__ Within the last million years, most of the Midwestern United States and much of Canada were covered at one time or another with an ice sheet.", "Glacial history of Minnesota __knowledge__ This continental glacier had a profound effect on the surface features of the area over which it moved.", "Glacial history of Minnesota __knowledge__ Vast quantities of rock and soil were scraped from the glacial centers to its margins by slowly moving ice and redeposited as drift or till.", "Glacial history of Minnesota __knowledge__ Much of this drift was dumped into old preglacial river valleys, while some of it was heaped into belts of hills (terminal moraines) at the margin of the glacier." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Dhule __knowledge__ Dhule is a one of the major cities in India and a municipal corporation in Dhule District in the northwestern part known as Khandesh of Maharashtra state, India.The town planning of this city was done by Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya.", "Dhule __knowledge__ The city, with industrial areas, schools, hospitals, supermarkets and residential areas, has communications and transport infrastructures.", "Dhule __knowledge__ Dhule has a municipal corporation.", "Dhule __knowledge__ According to the 2011 census, Dhule has a population of 2,050,862 of which male and female are 1,054,031 and 996,831 respectively.", "Dhule __knowledge__ Dhule is largely emerging as one of the upcoming hubs of textile, edible oil, and power-loom across the state and has gained a strategic advantage for being on the junction of three National Highways viz.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing is a low-key movement started by longtime surfer, Peter Cuming, in 1995 with surf elders Rob Conneelly, Nat Young and surf artist Roscoe Kermode.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing was established as an initiative to promote the traditions of free surfing, respect for the ocean, the land and indigenous and local cultures wherever surfers are and travel, fostering community spirit and an harmonious relationship with the natural environment.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ These key messages are shared and encouraged in the water amongst surfers and through other opportunities such as festivals, forums, gatherings and local surfing communities.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Surf music __knowledge__ Surf music is a subgenre of rock music associated with surf culture, particularly as found in Southern California.", "Surf music __knowledge__ It was especially popular from 1962 to 1964 in two major forms.", "Surf music __knowledge__ The first is instrumental surf, distinguished by reverb-drenched electric guitars played to evoke the sound of crashing waves, largely pioneered by Dick Dale and the Del-Tones.", "Surf music __knowledge__ The second is vocal surf, which took the original surf sound and added vocal harmonies backed by basic Chuck Berry rhythms, a movement led by the Beach Boys.", "Surf music __knowledge__ Dick Dale developed the surf sound from instrumental rock, where he added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, a spring reverb, and the rapid alternate picking characteristics.", "Culture of California __knowledge__ The culture of California is tied to the culture of the United States as a whole.", "Culture of California __knowledge__ However, there are features that are unique to California.", "Culture of California __knowledge__ With roots in the cultures of Spain, Asia, Mexico, and the eastern United States, California integrates foods, languages and traditions from all over the world.", "Culture of California __knowledge__ Spain had explored the present state of California since the 16th century, although it did not colonize it and exert its cultural influence in earnest until the 18th century.", "Culture of California __knowledge__ By the 19th century, Spain had built missions throughout all the state and Californios owned huge land extensions (called \"ranchos\").", "Tom Blake (surfer) __knowledge__ Thomas Edward \"Tom\" Blake (March 8, 1902- May 5, 1994) was an American athlete, inventor, and writer, widely considered to be one of the most influential surfers in history, and a key figure in transforming surfing from a regional Hawaiian specialty to a nationally popular sport.", "Tom Blake (surfer) __knowledge__ Assessing Blake's significance, the sociologist Kristin Lawler wrote: \"Tom Blake is a legendary figure; he's considered the founder of California surf culture.", "Tom Blake (surfer) __knowledge__ He personally innovated most of what's associated with surfers to this day: he was the first to experiment with making better surfboards, revolutionizing board design in the process with lightweight materials and the fin; he was the first to build a waterproof camera housing and inaugurated the tradition of surfers documenting themselves and their friends; and he was the first among countless surfers to come to write a book on the history and pleasures of surfing.", "Culture of Australia __knowledge__ The culture of Australia is a Western culture, derived primarily from Britain but also influenced by the unique geography of Australia, the diverse input of Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander and other Australian people.", "Culture of Australia __knowledge__ The British colonization of Australia began in 1788, and waves of multi-ethnic migration followed.", "Culture of Australia __knowledge__ Evidence of a significant Anglo-Celtic heritage includes the predominance of the English language, the existence of a democratic system of government drawing upon the British traditions of Westminster Government, Parliamentarianism and constitutional monarchy, American constitutionalist and federalist traditions, Christianity as the dominant religion, and the popularity of sports originating in (or influenced by) the British Isles." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 9, 4 ]

[ "I really enjoy surfing, its a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave", "Surfing is really interesting, the waves can be found in ocean, but also lakes and rivers actually ", "I really like to surf in Florida, there is a huge surf culture there, its a culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing", "Yes a so called Gold coast in Australia, thats a surfers heaven! The term surfing refers to the act of riding a wave, cool right?" ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing" ]

[ "Sculpture\nI am a Sculpture who likes to create with my mind and hands", "I am more a modern to classical sculpture with only one interpretation, mine", "yes I have been misspelling the word", "yes, patterns can be found in both art and math" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ It is one of the plastic arts.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ The Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek Museum in Copenhagen, Denmark, has done extensive research and recreation of the original colors.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of religion or politics.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in South America and Africa.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Cubist sculpture developed in parallel with Cubist painting, beginning in Paris around 1909 with its proto-Cubist phase, and evolving through the early 1920s.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Just as Cubist painting, Cubist sculpture is rooted in Paul Cézanne's reduction of painted objects into component planes and geometric solids; cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Presenting fragments and facets of objects that could be visually interpreted in different ways had the effect of 'revealing the structure' of the object.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Cubist sculpture essentially is the dynamic rendering of three-dimensional objects in the language of non-Euclidean geometry by shifting viewpoints of volume or mass in terms of spherical, flat and hyperbolic surfaces.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Auguste Rodin __knowledge__ François Auguste René Rodin (12 November 1840 – 17 November 1917), known as Auguste Rodin (; ), was a French sculptor.", "Auguste Rodin __knowledge__ Although Rodin is generally considered the progenitor of modern sculpture, he did not set out to rebel against the past.", "Auguste Rodin __knowledge__ He was schooled traditionally, took a craftsman-like approach to his work, and desired academic recognition, although he was never accepted into Paris's foremost school of art.", "Auguste Rodin __knowledge__ Sculpturally, Rodin possessed a unique ability to model a complex, turbulent, deeply pocketed surface in clay.", "Auguste Rodin __knowledge__ Many of his most notable sculptures were roundly criticized during his lifetime.", "Israeli sculpture __knowledge__ Israeli sculpture designates sculpture produced in the Land of Israel from 1906, the year the \"Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts\" (today called the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design) was established.", "Israeli sculpture __knowledge__ The process of crystallization of Israeli sculpture was influenced at every stage by international sculpture.", "Israeli sculpture __knowledge__ In the early period of Israeli sculpture, most of its important sculptors were immigrants to the Land of Israel, and their art was a synthesis of the influence of European sculpture with the way in which the national artistic identity developed in the Land of Israel and later in the State of Israel.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ Visual arts in Israel refers to plastic art created in the Land of Israel/Palestine region, from the later part of the 19th century until today, or art created by Israeli artists.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ Visual art in Israel encompasses a wide spectrum of techniques, styles and themes reflecting a dialogue with Jewish art throughout the ages and attempts to formulate a national identity.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ Early art in the Land of Israel was mainly decorative art of a religious nature (primarily Jewish or Christian), produced for religious pilgrims, but also for export and local consumption.", "Visual arts in Israel __knowledge__ These objects included decorated tablets, embossed soaps, rubber stamps, etc., most of which were decorated with motifs from graphic arts." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ It is one of the plastic arts.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ The Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek Museum in Copenhagen, Denmark, has done extensive research and recreation of the original colors.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of religion or politics.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in South America and Africa.", "Classical sculpture __knowledge__ Classical sculpture refers loosely to the forms of sculpture from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, as well as the Hellenized and Romanized civilizations under their rule or influence from about 500 BC to around 200 AD.", "Classical sculpture __knowledge__ More precisely it refers to Ancient Greek sculpture from around 500 BC to the onset of the Hellenistic style around 323 BC.", "Classical sculpture __knowledge__ It may also refer stylistically to later sculpture done in a Neoclassical or classical style.", "Classical sculpture __knowledge__ Classical sculptures have been popular since the Renaissance.", "Classical sculpture __knowledge__ Only those works that closely follow the canon of classical forms would fall under the term.", "Classical sculpture __knowledge__ In addition to free standing statues, the term classical sculpture incorporates relief work (such as the famous Elgin Marbles of the Parthenon) and the flatter bas-relief style.", "Parthenon Frieze __knowledge__ The Parthenon frieze is the high-relief pentelic marble sculpture created to adorn the upper part of the Parthenon’s naos.", "Parthenon Frieze __knowledge__ It was sculpted between c. 443 and 437 BC, most likely under the direction of Pheidias.", "Parthenon Frieze __knowledge__ Of the 160 meters (524 ft) of the original frieze, 128 meters (420 ft) survives—some 80 percent.", "Parthenon Frieze __knowledge__ The rest is known only from the drawings attributed to French artist Jacques Carrey in 1674, thirteen years before the Venetian bombardment that ruined the temple.", "Parthenon Frieze __knowledge__ At present, the majority of the frieze is at the British Museum in London (forming the major part of the Elgin Marbles); the largest proportion of the rest is in Athens, and the remainder of fragments shared between six other institutions.", "Willem van Mieris __knowledge__ Willem van Mieris (3 June 1662 – 26 January 1747) was an 18th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands.", "Willem van Mieris __knowledge__ Willem van Mieris was a painter, sculptor and etcher active in Leiden.", "Willem van Mieris __knowledge__ He studied under his father Frans van Mieris I (1635-1682), who was a successful genre painter.", "Willem van Mieris __knowledge__ Willem had a reasonably successful career, being supported by a few patrons who commissioned and collected various of his works [ 1][ 2].", "Willem van Mieris __knowledge__ His oeuvre consists mostly of genre and portraiture, with some landscape painting, as well as some sculptures.", "Willem van Mieris __knowledge__ Van Mieris’ style was that of the fijnschilders, and his genre works, especially later in his career, depicted scenes from upper-class society.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ The rate of stylistic development between about 750 and 300 BC was remarkable by ancient standards, and in surviving works is best seen in sculpture.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ There were important innovations in painting, which have to be essentially reconstructed due to the lack of original survivals of quality, other than the distinct field of painted pottery.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ Greek architecture, technically very simple, established a harmonious style with numerous detailed conventions that were largely adopted by Roman architecture and are still followed in some modern buildings.", "Victoria and Albert Museum __knowledge__ The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 4.5 million objects.", "Victoria and Albert Museum __knowledge__ It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.", "Victoria and Albert Museum __knowledge__ The V&A is located in the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, in an area that has become known as \"Albertopolis\" because of its association with Prince Albert, the Albert Memorial and the major cultural institutions with which he was associated.", "Victoria and Albert Museum __knowledge__ These include the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum and the Royal Albert Hall.", "Jeff Koons __knowledge__ Jeffrey \"Jeff\" Koons (born January 21, 1955) is an American artist known for working with popular culture subjects and his reproductions of banal objects—such as balloon animals produced in stainless steel with mirror-finish surfaces.", "Jeff Koons __knowledge__ He lives and works in both New York City and his hometown of York, Pennsylvania.", "Jeff Koons __knowledge__ His works have sold for substantial sums, including at least one world record auction price for a work by a living artist.", "Jeff Koons __knowledge__ On November 12, 2013, Koons's \"Balloon Dog (Orange)\" sold at Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Art Evening Sale in New York City for US$58.4 million, above its high US$55 million estimate, becoming the most expensive work by a living artist sold at auction.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Cubist sculpture developed in parallel with Cubist painting, beginning in Paris around 1909 with its proto-Cubist phase, and evolving through the early 1920s.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Just as Cubist painting, Cubist sculpture is rooted in Paul Cézanne's reduction of painted objects into component planes and geometric solids; cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Presenting fragments and facets of objects that could be visually interpreted in different ways had the effect of 'revealing the structure' of the object.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Cubist sculpture essentially is the dynamic rendering of three-dimensional objects in the language of non-Euclidean geometry by shifting viewpoints of volume or mass in terms of spherical, flat and hyperbolic surfaces.", "Cubism __knowledge__ Cubism is an early-20th-century art movement which brought European painting and sculpture historically forward toward 20th century Modern art.", "Cubism __knowledge__ Cubism in its various forms inspired related movements in literature and architecture.", "Cubism __knowledge__ Cubism has been considered to be among the most influential art movements of the 20th century.", "Cubism __knowledge__ The term is broadly used in association with a wide variety of art produced in Paris (Montmartre, Montparnasse and Puteaux) during the 1910s and extending through the 1920s.", "Cubism __knowledge__ The movement was pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris.", "Crystal Cubism __knowledge__ Crystal Cubism (French: \"Cubisme cristal\" or \"Cubisme de cristal\") is a distilled form of Cubism consistent with a shift, between 1915 and 1916, towards a strong emphasis on flat surface activity and large overlapping geometric planes.", "Crystal Cubism __knowledge__ The primacy of the underlying geometric structure, rooted in the abstract, controls practically all of the elements of the artwork.", "Crystal Cubism __knowledge__ This range of styles of painting and sculpture, especially significant between 1917 and 1920 (also referred to as the \"Crystal Period\", \"classical Cubism\", \"pure Cubism\", \"advanced Cubism\", \"late Cubism\", \"synthetic Cubism\", or the \"second phase of Cubism\"), was practiced in varying degrees by a multitude of artists; particularly those under contract with the art dealer and collector Léonce Rosenberg—Henri Laurens, Jean Metzinger, Juan Gris and Jacques Lipchitz most noticeably of all.", "Modern sculpture __knowledge__ Modern sculpture is generally considered to have begun with the work of Auguste Rodin, who is seen as the progenitor of modern sculpture.", "Modern sculpture __knowledge__ While Rodin did not set out to rebel against the past, he created a new way of building his works.", "Modern sculpture __knowledge__ He \"dissolved the hard outline of contemporary Neo-Greek academicism, and thereby created a vital synthesis of opacity and transparency, volume and void\".", "Modern sculpture __knowledge__ Along with a few other artists in the late 19th century who experimented with new artistic visions in sculpture like Edgar Degas and Paul Gauguin, Rodin invented a radical new approach in the creation of sculpture.", "Proto-Cubism __knowledge__ Proto-Cubism (also referred to as Protocubism, Pre-Cubism or Early Cubism) is an intermediary transition phase in the history of art chronologically extending from 1906 to 1910.", "Proto-Cubism __knowledge__ Evidence suggests that the production of proto-Cubist paintings resulted from a wide-ranging series of experiments, circumstances, influences and conditions, rather than from one isolated static event, trajectory, artist or discourse.", "Proto-Cubism __knowledge__ With its roots stemming from at least the late 19th century this period can be characterized by a move towards the radical geometrization of form and a reduction or limitation of the color palette (in comparison with Fauvism).", "Jean Metzinger __knowledge__ Jean Dominique Antony Metzinger (; 24 June 1883 – 3 November 1956) was a major 20th-century French painter, theorist, writer, critic and poet, who along with Albert Gleizes wrote a theoretical work on Cubism.", "Jean Metzinger __knowledge__ His earliest works, from 1900 to 1904, were influenced by the Neo-impressionism of Georges Seurat and Henri-Edmond Cross.", "Jean Metzinger __knowledge__ Between 1904 and 1907 Metzinger worked in the Divisionist and Fauvist styles with a strong Cézannian component, leading to some of the first proto-Cubist works.", "Jean Metzinger __knowledge__ From 1908 Metzinger experimented with the faceting of form, a style that would soon become known as Cubism.", "Jean Metzinger __knowledge__ His early involvement in Cubism saw him both as an influential artist and an important theorist of the movement.", "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon __knowledge__ Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon) is a large oil painting created in 1907 by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881–1973).", "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon __knowledge__ The work portrays five nude female prostitutes from a brothel on Carrer d'Avinyó (Avignon Street) in Barcelona.", "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon __knowledge__ Each figure is depicted in a disconcerting confrontational manner and none are conventionally feminine.", "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon __knowledge__ The women appear as slightly menacing and rendered with angular and disjointed body shapes.", "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon __knowledge__ Three figures on the left exhibit facial features in the Iberian style of Picasso's native Spain, while the two on the right are shown with African mask-like features." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ It is one of the plastic arts.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ The Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek Museum in Copenhagen, Denmark, has done extensive research and recreation of the original colors.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of religion or politics.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in South America and Africa.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Commonly misspelled English words __knowledge__ Commonly misspelled English words (UK: misspelt words) are words that are often unintentionally misspelled in general writing.", "Commonly misspelled English words __knowledge__ A selected list of common words is presented below, under \"Documented list of common misspellings\".", "Commonly misspelled English words __knowledge__ Although the word \"common\" is subjective depending on the situation, the focus is on general writing, rather than in a specific field.", "Commonly misspelled English words __knowledge__ Official spellings also vary by country or region, with some rejecting the American or British variants as incorrect for the region.", "Commonly misspelled English words __knowledge__ Within a particular field of study, such as computer graphics, other words might be more common for misspelling, such as \"pixel\" misspelled as \"pixle\" (or variants \"cesium\" and \"caesium\").", "Satiric misspelling __knowledge__ A satiric misspelling is an intentional misspelling of a word, phrase or name for a rhetorical purpose.", "Satiric misspelling __knowledge__ This is often done by replacing a letter with another letter (for example, \"k\" replacing \"c\"), or symbol (for example, \"$\" replacing \"s\", \"@\" replacing \"a\", or \"¢\" replacing \"c\").", "Satiric misspelling __knowledge__ Satiric misspelling is found particularly in informal writing on the Internet, but can also be found in some serious political writing that opposes the status quo.", "Satiric misspelling __knowledge__ Replacing the letter \"c\" with \"k\" in the first letter of a word came into use by the Ku Klux Klan during its early years in the mid-to-late 19th century.", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ In linguistics, a yes–no question, formally known as a polar question, is a question whose expected answer is either \"yes\" or \"no\".", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ Formally, they present an exclusive disjunction, a pair of alternatives of which only one is acceptable.", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ In English, such questions can be formed in both positive and negative forms (e.g.", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ \"Will you be here tomorrow?\"", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ and \"Won't you be here tomorrow?\").", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ Yes–no questions are in contrast with non-polar wh-questions, with the five Ws, which do not necessarily present a range of alternative answers, or necessarily restrict that range to two alternatives.", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ (Questions beginning with \"which\", for example, often presuppose a set of several alternatives, from which one is to be drawn.)", "Interrogative __knowledge__ Interrogative is a term used in grammar to refer to features that form questions.", "Interrogative __knowledge__ Thus, an interrogative sentence is a sentence whose grammatical form shows that it is a question.", "Interrogative __knowledge__ Such sentences are sometimes said to exhibit an interrogative mood—thus treating interrogative as one of the grammatical mood.", "Interrogative __knowledge__ This applies particularly to languages that use different inflected verb forms to make questions.", "Interrogative __knowledge__ Interrogative sentences can serve as yes–no questions or as \"wh\"-questions, the latter being formed using an interrogative word such as \"who\", \"which\", \"where\" or \"how\" to specify the information required.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Bivector __knowledge__ In mathematics, a bivector or 2-vector is a quantity in exterior algebra or geometric algebra that extends the idea of scalars and vectors.", "Bivector __knowledge__ If a scalar is considered an order zero quantity, and a vector is an order one quantity, then a bivector can be thought of as being of order two.", "Bivector __knowledge__ Bivectors have applications in many areas of mathematics and physics.", "Bivector __knowledge__ They are related to complex numbers in two dimensions and to both pseudovectors and quaternions in three dimensions.", "Bivector __knowledge__ They can be used to generate rotations in any number of dimensions, and are a useful tool for classifying such rotations.", "Bivector __knowledge__ They also are used in physics, tying together a number of otherwise unrelated quantities.", "Mathematics and art __knowledge__ Mathematics and art are related in a variety of ways.", "Mathematics and art __knowledge__ Mathematics has itself been described as an art motivated by beauty.", "Mathematics and art __knowledge__ Mathematics can be discerned in arts such as music, dance, painting, architecture, sculpture, and textiles.", "Mathematics and art __knowledge__ This article focuses, however, on mathematics in the visual arts.", "Mathematics and art __knowledge__ Mathematics and art have a long historical relationship.", "Mathematics and art __knowledge__ Artists have used mathematics since the 4th century BC when the Greek sculptor Polykleitos wrote his \"Canon\", prescribing proportions based on the ratio 1:√2 for the ideal male nude.", "Mathematics and art __knowledge__ Persistent popular claims have been made for the use of the golden ratio in ancient art and architecture, without reliable evidence.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Cubist sculpture developed in parallel with Cubist painting, beginning in Paris around 1909 with its proto-Cubist phase, and evolving through the early 1920s.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Just as Cubist painting, Cubist sculpture is rooted in Paul Cézanne's reduction of painted objects into component planes and geometric solids; cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Presenting fragments and facets of objects that could be visually interpreted in different ways had the effect of 'revealing the structure' of the object.", "Cubist sculpture __knowledge__ Cubist sculpture essentially is the dynamic rendering of three-dimensional objects in the language of non-Euclidean geometry by shifting viewpoints of volume or mass in terms of spherical, flat and hyperbolic surfaces.", "Four-dimensional space __knowledge__ A four-dimensional space or 4D space is a mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional or 3D space.", "Four-dimensional space __knowledge__ Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible generalization of the observation that one only needs three numbers, called \"dimensions\", to describe the sizes or locations of objects in the everyday world.", "Four-dimensional space __knowledge__ For example, the volume of a rectangular box is found by measuring its length (often labeled \"x\"), width (\"y\"), and depth (\"z\").", "Four-dimensional space __knowledge__ More than two millennia ago Greek philosophers explored in detail the many implications of this uniformity, culminating in Euclid's \"Elements\".", "Four-dimensional space __knowledge__ However, it was not until recent times that some mathematicians generalized the concept of dimensions to include more than three.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The Ising model (; ), named after the physicist Ernst Ising, is a mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The model consists of discrete variables that represent magnetic dipole moments of atomic \"spins\" that can be in one of two states (+1 or −1).", "Ising model __knowledge__ The spins are arranged in a graph, usually a lattice, allowing each spin to interact with its neighbors.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The model allows the identification of phase transitions, as a simplified model of reality.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model is one of the simplest statistical models to show a phase transition.", "Ising model __knowledge__ The Ising model was invented by the physicist , who gave it as a problem to his student Ernst Ising.", "Plane of rotation __knowledge__ In geometry, a plane of rotation is an abstract object used to describe or visualise rotations in space.", "Plane of rotation __knowledge__ In three dimensions it is an alternative to the axis of rotation, but unlike the axis of rotation it can be used in other dimensions, such as two, four or more dimensions.", "Plane of rotation __knowledge__ Mathematically such planes can be described in a number of ways.", "Plane of rotation __knowledge__ They can be described in terms of planes and angles of rotation.", "Plane of rotation __knowledge__ They can be associated with bivectors from geometric algebra.", "Plane of rotation __knowledge__ They are related to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a rotation matrix.", "Plane of rotation __knowledge__ And in particular dimensions they are related to other algebraic and geometric properties, which can then be generalised to other dimensions.", "Lagrangian coherent structure __knowledge__ Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) are distinguished surfaces of trajectories in a dynamical system that exert a major influence on nearby trajectories over a time interval of interest.", "Lagrangian coherent structure __knowledge__ The type of this influence may vary, but it invariably creates a coherent trajectory pattern for which the underlying LCS serves as a theoretical centerpiece.", "Lagrangian coherent structure __knowledge__ In observations of tracer patterns in nature, one readily identifies coherent features, but it is often the underlying structure creating these features that is of interest.", "Lagrangian coherent structure __knowledge__ As illustrated on the right, individual tracer trajectories forming coherent patterns are generally sensitive with respect to changes in their initial conditions and the system parameters." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ It is one of the plastic arts.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ The Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek Museum in Copenhagen, Denmark, has done extensive research and recreation of the original colors.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of religion or politics.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in South America and Africa.", "Mathematical anxiety __knowledge__ Mathematical anxiety is anxiety about one's ability to do mathematics.", "Mathematical anxiety __knowledge__ It is a phenomenon that is often considered when examining students' problems in mathematics.", "Mathematical anxiety __knowledge__ Mark H. Ashcraft defines math anxiety as \"a feeling of tension, apprehension, or fear that interferes with math performance\" (2002, p. 1).", "Mathematical anxiety __knowledge__ The academic study of math anxiety originates as early as the 1950s, where Mary Fides Gough introduced the term \"mathemaphobia\" to describe the phobia-like feelings of many towards mathematics.", "Mathematical anxiety __knowledge__ The first math anxiety measurement scale was developed by Richardson and Suinn in 1972.", "Mathematical anxiety __knowledge__ Since this development, several researchers have examined math anxiety in empirical studies.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Juniata County School District __knowledge__ The Juniata County School District is a rural, public school district located in Juniata County, Pennsylvania.", "Juniata County School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania and one of seven county-wide school districts in the Commonwealth.", "Juniata County School District __knowledge__ The district encompasses approximately .", "Juniata County School District __knowledge__ Juniata County School District serves residents in: Beale Township, Delaware Township, Fayette Township, Fermanagh Township, Lack Township, Milford Township, Monroe Township, Spruce Hill Township, Susquehanna Township, Turbett Township, Tuscarora Township and Walker Township.", "Juniata County School District __knowledge__ It also serves the residents of the following boroughs: Mifflin, Mifflintown, Port Royal, Thompsontown, East Salem, East Waterford, Mexico, McAlisterville and Richfield.", "Southern Columbia Area School District __knowledge__ Southern Columbia Area School District is a small, rural, public school district located in Catawissa, Pennsylvania.", "Southern Columbia Area School District __knowledge__ It serves communities in two counties.", "Southern Columbia Area School District __knowledge__ In Columbia County the district serves: Catawissa Borough, Catawissa Township, Locust Township, Roaring Creek Township, and Cleveland Township.", "Southern Columbia Area School District __knowledge__ This includes the boroughs of: Slabtown and Numidia.", "Southern Columbia Area School District __knowledge__ In Northumberland County it serves Ralpho Township.", "Southern Columbia Area School District __knowledge__ Southern Columbia Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Southern Columbia Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 9,803.", "Southern Columbia Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the US Census Bureau reported that the district's population increased to 10,386 people.", "Canton Area School District __knowledge__ The Canton Area School District is a diminutive, rural, Pennsylvania public school district that encompasses approximately .", "Canton Area School District __knowledge__ Canton Area School District is split over 3 counties.", "Canton Area School District __knowledge__ In Bradford County, it serves Canton Township including Canton Borough; while excluding the borough of Alba, and Leroy Township.", "Canton Area School District __knowledge__ In Lycoming County, the district serves McIntyre Township including the villages of Marsh Hill and Ralston; and McNett Township including the villages of Chemung, Ellenton, Leolyn, Penbryn, and Roaring Branch.", "Canton Area School District __knowledge__ In Tioga County, the district serves Union Township.", "Canton Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 local census data, the district serves a resident population of 6,213.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ The West Perry School District is a midsized, public school district located in western Perry County, Pennsylvania.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ It encompasses over , covering virtually all of the western half of the county.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ As one of Perry County's four school districts, West Perry serves: the boroughs of Blain, New Bloomfield and Landisburg, as well as, Carroll Township, Centre Township, Jackson Township, Northeast Madison Township, Saville Township, Spring Township, Southwest Madison Township, Toboyne Township, and Tyrone Township, making it the largest school district in terms of area in Perry County.", "West Perry School District __knowledge__ According to 2008 local census data, West Perry School District had a resident population of 17,101 people.", "Upper Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The Upper Dauphin Area School District is a small, rural, public school district located in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania.", "Upper Dauphin School District __knowledge__ It is fragmented in four discontinuous pieces, including: the boroughs of Lykens, Elizabethville, Gratz, Berrysburg, and Pillow, as well as Jefferson Township, Washington Township, Mifflin Township, and Lykens Township.", "Upper Dauphin School District __knowledge__ Upper Dauphin Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Upper Dauphin School District __knowledge__ According to 2007 local census data, it serves a resident population of 9,723 people.", "Upper Dauphin School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population was 9,759 people.", "Upper Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the district's population aged 25 years and over were 81.4% high school graduates and 10.6% college graduates.", "Oldsmobile Bravada __knowledge__ The Oldsmobile Bravada was a mid-size SUV made by General Motors.", "Oldsmobile Bravada __knowledge__ Two different vehicles bore the Bravada name: The first and second-generation models built on the GMT330 platform, and the third generation 2002 to 2004 on the GMT360.", "Oldsmobile Bravada __knowledge__ The third generation was the only version offered in Canada.", "Oldsmobile Bravada __knowledge__ Introduced for the 1991 model year, the Bravada was GM's first foray into the mid-size SUV class, and would become the only SUV model ever produced by Oldsmobile.", "Oldsmobile Bravada __knowledge__ The 1991 Bravada was an upscale version of the then-new 4-door S-Blazer/Jimmy.", "Oldsmobile Bravada __knowledge__ It was the first truck-based vehicle offered by Oldsmobile since the 1920s, and at that time was a United States-only vehicle.", "Mathematics __knowledge__ Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα \"máthēma\", \"knowledge, study, learning\") is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change.", "Mathematics __knowledge__ There are many views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics.", "Mathematics __knowledge__ Mathematicians seek out patterns and use them to formulate new conjectures.", "Mathematics __knowledge__ Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proof.", "Mathematics __knowledge__ When mathematical structures are good models of real phenomena, then mathematical reasoning can provide insight or predictions about nature.", "Mathematics __knowledge__ Through the use of abstraction and logic, mathematics developed from counting, calculation, measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of physical objects.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ Shikellamy School District is a midsized, suburban/rural, public school district in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ It serves Northumberland Borough, Point Township, Rockefeller Township, Snydertown Borough, the City of Sunbury, and Upper Augusta Township.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ The administrative offices are located at Administration Center, 200 Island Blvd, Sunbury, Pennsylvania.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ Shikellamy School District encompasses approximately .", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, Per the US Census Bureau, by 2010, the district's population declined to 22,554 people.", "Shikellamy School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Shikellamy School District population 25 and over were 83.6% high school graduates and 15.3% college graduates.", "Achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ The achievement gap in the United States refers to the observed, persistent disparity in measures of educational performance among subgroups of U.S. students, especially groups defined by socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity and gender.", "Achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ The achievement gap can be observed on a variety of measures, including standardized test scores, grade point average, dropout rates, and college enrollment and completion rates.", "Achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ While this article focuses on the achievement gap in the United States, the gap in achievement between lower income students and higher income students exists in all nations and it has been studied extensively in the U.S. and other countries, including the U.K.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The Central Dauphin School District is a large, suburban, public school district located in suburban Harrisburg, Pennsylvania serving students in central and eastern Dauphin County.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ It is the largest school district in the county, the largest in the greater Harrisburg metropolitan area and is the 14th largest school district in Pennsylvania.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The district serves the Boroughs of: Dauphin, Paxtang and Penbrook as well as Lower Paxton Township, Middle Paxton Township, Swatara Township and West Hanover Township.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ It was created in 1954, combining four smaller districts.", "Central Dauphin School District __knowledge__ The Central Dauphin School District encompasses approximately .", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The Milton Area School District is a small, rural public school district headquartered in Milton, Pennsylvania.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is located in Northumberland and Union counties.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ Milton Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 15,510.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the Milton Area School District's population increased to 16,561 people.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 85.5% high school graduates and 13% college graduates.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania." ] ]

[ 12, 1, 54, 60 ]

[ "Are you a cubist sculpture? Do you have strange facets that can be interpreted in different ways?", "Do you mean that you are a sculptor? One who creates visual arts that operate in three dimensions?", "I'm an engineer and often find mathematics to itself be a form of art and beauty. Do you see similarities between math and scuplture?", "I've always seen math as a tool to model real phenomena in order to make predictions. I suppose this is the entire mechanism upon which our modern society depends." ]

[ "Sculpture", "Sculpture", "Sculpture", "Sculpture" ]

[ "Baltimore Orioles", "I don't pay much attention to sports. They're a baseball team right?", "Oh wow! Cool. Have they ever won the world series?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the American League East division.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ As one of the AL's original eight charter franchises when the league was established in 1901, this particular franchise spent its first year as a major league club in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to St. Louis, Missouri to become the St. Louis Browns.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ After 52 often-beleaguered years in St. Louis, the franchise was purchased in November 1953 by a syndicate of Baltimore business and civic interests led by attorney/civic activist Clarence Miles and Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The team's current majority owner is lawyer Peter Angelos.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Orioles adopted their team name in honor of the official state bird of Maryland; it had also been used by several previous major and minor league baseball clubs in Baltimore, including the team that moved and was later renamed the New York Yankees.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ Nicknames for the team include the \"O's\" and the \"Birds\".", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Orioles experienced their greatest success from 1966 to 1983, when they made six World Series appearances, winning three of them (1966, 1970, 1983)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the American League East division.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ As one of the AL's original eight charter franchises when the league was established in 1901, this particular franchise spent its first year as a major league club in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to St. Louis, Missouri to become the St. Louis Browns.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ After 52 often-beleaguered years in St. Louis, the franchise was purchased in November 1953 by a syndicate of Baltimore business and civic interests led by attorney/civic activist Clarence Miles and Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The team's current majority owner is lawyer Peter Angelos.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Orioles adopted their team name in honor of the official state bird of Maryland; it had also been used by several previous major and minor league baseball clubs in Baltimore, including the team that moved and was later renamed the New York Yankees.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ Nicknames for the team include the \"O's\" and the \"Birds\".", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Orioles experienced their greatest success from 1966 to 1983, when they made six World Series appearances, winning three of them (1966, 1970, 1983).", "Casey Stengel __knowledge__ Charles Dillon \"Casey\" Stengel (; July 30, 1890 – September 29, 1975) was an American Major League Baseball right fielder and manager best known as the manager of both the championship New York Yankees of the 1950s, and later of the hapless expansion New York Mets.", "Casey Stengel __knowledge__ He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in .", "Casey Stengel __knowledge__ Stengel was born in Kansas City, Missouri.", "Casey Stengel __knowledge__ In 1910, he began a professional baseball career that would span over half a century.", "Casey Stengel __knowledge__ After almost three seasons in the minor leagues, Stengel reached the major leagues as an outfielder for the Brooklyn Dodgers.", "Casey Stengel __knowledge__ His six seasons there saw some success, including as a member of Brooklyn's 1916 National League championship team, but he also developed a reputation as a clown.", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ While much has been written about baseball in the United States, it was often played in numerous other countries.", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ Today, baseball is a popular sport around the world.", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ The International Baseball Federation (IBF) was founded in 1938, after the inaugural Baseball World Cup held in London.", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ About 5 years later, the name of the federation was changed to \"Federacion Internacional de Beisbol Amateur\" (FIBA).", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ In 1973, struggles in the FIBA led to a dissident organisation, the \"Federacion Mundial de Beisbol Amateur\" (FEMBA), which organised its own World Championships.", "History of baseball outside the United States __knowledge__ The two organisations were reconciled in 1976, forming the \"International Baseball Association\" (AINBA).", "Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each who take turns batting and fielding.", "Baseball __knowledge__ The batting team attempts to score runs by hitting a ball (that is thrown by the opposing team's pitcher) with a bat swung by the batter, and then running counter-clockwise around a series of four bases: first, second, third, and home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A run is scored when a player advances around the bases and touches home plate.", "Baseball __knowledge__ Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways.", "Baseball __knowledge__ A player on the batting team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates' turns batting, such as on a hit or by other means.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Nashville Sounds are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Oakland Athletics.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ They are located in Nashville, Tennessee, and are named for the city's association with the music industry.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at First Tennessee Park which opened in 2015 and is partially located on the site of the historic Sulphur Dell ballpark.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Sounds previously played at Herschel Greer Stadium from its opening in 1978 until the end of the 2014 season.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ Established as an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League in 1978, the Sounds were replaced by a Triple-A American Association team in 1985.", "Tony Gwynn __knowledge__ Anthony Keith Gwynn Sr. (May 9, 1960 – June 16, 2014), nicknamed \"Mr. Padre\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played 20 seasons (1982–2001) in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres.", "Tony Gwynn __knowledge__ The left-handed hitting Gwynn won eight batting titles in his career, tied for the most in National League (NL) history.", "Tony Gwynn __knowledge__ He is considered one of the best and most consistent hitters in baseball history.", "Tony Gwynn __knowledge__ He had a .338 career batting average, never hitting below .309 in any full season.", "Tony Gwynn __knowledge__ Gwynn was a 15-time All-Star, recognized for his skills both on offense and defense with seven Silver Slugger Awards and five Gold Glove Awards.", "Ardashir I __knowledge__ Ardashir I or Ardeshir I (Middle Persian:, New Persian: اردشیر بابکان, \"Ardashir-e Bābakān\"), also known as Ardashir the Unifier (180–242 AD), was the founder of the Sasanian Empire.", "Ardashir I __knowledge__ After defeating the last Parthian shahanshah Artabanus V on the Hormozdgan plain in 224, he overthrew the Parthian dynasty and established the Sasanian dynasty.", "Ardashir I __knowledge__ Afterwards, Ardashir called himself \"shahanshah\" and began conquering the land that he called Iran.", "Ardashir I __knowledge__ There are various historical reports about Ardashir's lineage and ancestry.", "Ardashir I __knowledge__ According to Al-Tabari's report, Ardashir was son of Papak, son of Sasan.", "Ardashir I __knowledge__ Another narrative that exists in Kar-Namag i Ardashir i Pabagan and Ferdowsi's \"Shahnameh\" also states it says that Ardashir was born from the marriage of Sasan, a descendant of Darius III, with the daughter of Papak, a local governor in Pars.", "List of Persona 3 characters __knowledge__ Atlus's 2006 role-playing video game \"\" focuses on the exploits of the Specialized Extracurricular Execution Squad (SEES), a group of high-schoolers defending their home city from monsters known as Shadows.", "List of Persona 3 characters __knowledge__ \"Persona 3\" is set in a fictional Japanese city in the year 2009.", "List of Persona 3 characters __knowledge__ Due to past events, there is a hidden period between one day and the next known as the \"Dark Hour\", during which most people become unconscious (a state the game calls \"Transmogrification\", symbolized by normal people turning into floating coffins), and Shadows feed on the minds of those still aware of their surroundings.", "List of Persona 3 characters __knowledge__ In addition, a large tower called Tartarus, filled with Shadows, rises out of the ground during the Dark Hour.", "2017 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ The 2017 Baltimore Orioles season was the 117th season in Baltimore Orioles franchise history, the 64th in Baltimore, and the 26th at Oriole Park at Camden Yards.", "2017 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ They were attempting to match or improve on their 2016 record of 89–73, when they finished tied for 2nd place in the AL East and lost to the Toronto Blue Jays in the Wild Card Game, but failed with their 74th loss on September 12.", "2017 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ They were eliminated from AL East contention with their September 18 loss to the Boston Red Sox, behind the division leading Red Sox.", "2017 Baltimore Orioles season __knowledge__ They were entirely eliminated from post season contentions on September 23, behind the Minnestoa Twins for the 2nd AL Wild Card spot.", "Baltimore Orioles minor league players __knowledge__ Below are the players and rosters of the minor league affiliates of the Baltimore Orioles: Keegan Lee Akin (born April 1, 1995) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Baltimore Orioles organization.", "Baltimore Orioles minor league players __knowledge__ Akin attended Bullock Creek High School in Midland, Michigan and played college baseball at Western Michigan University.", "Baltimore Orioles minor league players __knowledge__ He was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles in the second round of the 2016 Major League Baseball Draft.", "Baltimore Orioles minor league players __knowledge__ Akin made his professional debut with the Aberdeen IronBirds and spent all of 2016 there, posting a 1.04 ERA in 26 innings.", "Baltimore Orioles minor league players __knowledge__ He spent 2017 with the Frederick Keys where he pitched to a 7-8 record and 4.14 ERA in 21 games started.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Baltimore Orioles (nicknamed The O's and The Birds) are a Major League Baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ They are in the Eastern Division of the American League.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ They are owned by attorney Peter Angelos.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The modern Orioles franchise can trace its roots back to the original Milwaukee Brewers of the minor Western League, beginning in 1894 when the league reorganized.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Brewers were there when the WL renamed itself the American League in 1900.", "History of the Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ At the end of the 1900 season, the American League removed itself from baseball's National Agreement (the formal understanding between the NL and the minor leagues).", "Beltway Series __knowledge__ The Beltway Series, promoted by the teams as \"The Battle of the Beltways,\" is the Major League Baseball (MLB) interleague rivalry series played between the Baltimore Orioles and Washington Nationals.", "Beltway Series __knowledge__ The Orioles are a member of the American League (AL) East division, and the Nationals are a member of the National League (NL) East division.", "Beltway Series __knowledge__ The series name is taken from the beltway highways, the Baltimore Beltway (I-695) and the Capital Beltway (I-95/I-495), that serve Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, D.C., respectively.", "Beltway Series __knowledge__ When interleague play began in 1997, MLB identified the Philadelphia Phillies as Baltimore′s interleague \"natural rival,\" and the Orioles began an annual interleague series against the Phillies that season.", "Cal Ripken Jr. __knowledge__ Calvin Edwin Ripken Jr. (born August 24, 1960), nicknamed \"The Iron Man\", is an American former baseball shortstop and third baseman who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1981–2001).", "Cal Ripken Jr. __knowledge__ One of his position's most offensively productive players, Ripken compiled 3,184 hits, 431 home runs, and 1,695 runs batted in during his career, and he won two Gold Glove Awards for his defense.", "Cal Ripken Jr. __knowledge__ He was a 19-time All-Star and was twice named American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP).", "Cal Ripken Jr. __knowledge__ Ripken holds the record for consecutive games played, 2,632, surpassing Lou Gehrig's streak of 2,130 that had stood for 56 years and that many deemed unbreakable.", "Baltimore __knowledge__ Baltimore (, ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland, and the 30th-most populous city in the United States.", "Baltimore __knowledge__ Baltimore was established by the Constitution of Maryland and is an independent city that is not part of any county.", "Baltimore __knowledge__ With a population of 617,734 in 2017, Baltimore is the largest independent city in the United States.", "Baltimore __knowledge__ As of 2016, the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.8 million, making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country.", "Baltimore __knowledge__ Baltimore is located about 40 miles northeast of Washington, D.C., making it a principal city in the Washington-Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA), the fourth largest CSA in the nation with a calculated 2016 population of 9,665,892." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the American League East division.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ As one of the AL's original eight charter franchises when the league was established in 1901, this particular franchise spent its first year as a major league club in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to St. Louis, Missouri to become the St. Louis Browns.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ After 52 often-beleaguered years in St. Louis, the franchise was purchased in November 1953 by a syndicate of Baltimore business and civic interests led by attorney/civic activist Clarence Miles and Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The team's current majority owner is lawyer Peter Angelos.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Orioles adopted their team name in honor of the official state bird of Maryland; it had also been used by several previous major and minor league baseball clubs in Baltimore, including the team that moved and was later renamed the New York Yankees.", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ Nicknames for the team include the \"O's\" and the \"Birds\".", "Baltimore Orioles __knowledge__ The Orioles experienced their greatest success from 1966 to 1983, when they made six World Series appearances, winning three of them (1966, 1970, 1983).", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ The Yankees–Red Sox rivalry is a Major League Baseball (MLB) rivalry between the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ The two teams have competed in MLB's American League (AL) for over 100 seasons and have since developed one of the fiercest rivalries in American sports.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ In 1919, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold star player Babe Ruth to the Yankees, which was followed by an 86-year period in which the Red Sox did not win a World Series.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ This led to the popularization of a superstition known as the \"Curse of the Bambino\", which was one of the most well-known aspects of the rivalry.", "Yankees–Red Sox rivalry __knowledge__ The rivalry is often a heated subject of conversation, especially in the home region of both teams, the Northeastern United States.", "World Series __knowledge__ The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team.", "World Series __knowledge__ The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner's Trophy.", "World Series __knowledge__ As the series is played during the fall season in North America, it is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic.", "World Series __knowledge__ Prior to 1969, the team with the best regular season win-loss record in each league automatically advanced to the World Series; since then each league has conducted a championship series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball franchise based in the Atlanta metropolitan area.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ The franchise competes in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) East division.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ The Braves played home games at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium from 1966 to 1996, and Turner Field from 1997 to 2016.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ Since 2017, their home stadium has been SunTrust Park, a new stadium 10 miles (16 km) northwest of downtown Atlanta in the Cumberland neighborhood of Cobb County.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ The Braves play spring training games in Lake Buena Vista, Florida.", "Atlanta Braves __knowledge__ In January 2017, the Braves announced a formal agreement to move their spring training home to North Port, Florida.", "Philadelphia Phillies __knowledge__ The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Philadelphia Phillies __knowledge__ They are the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports, dating back to 1883.", "Philadelphia Phillies __knowledge__ The Phillies compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division.", "Philadelphia Phillies __knowledge__ Since 2004, the team's home has been Citizens Bank Park, located in South Philadelphia.", "Philadelphia Phillies __knowledge__ The Phillies have won two World Series championships (against the Kansas City Royals in and the Tampa Bay Rays in ) and seven National League pennants, the first of which came in 1915.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The 2017 Washington Nationals season was the Nationals' 13th season as the baseball franchise of Major League Baseball in the District of Columbia, the 10th season at Nationals Park, and the 49th since the original team was started in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ They won the National League East division title for the fourth time in six years but were defeated by the Chicago Cubs in the Division Series.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The Washington Nationals announced in October 2016 that their entire coaching staff would return for the 2017 season, led by manager Dusty Baker.", "2017 Washington Nationals season __knowledge__ The team lost several players to free agency after the 2016 season, including right-handed relief pitcher Matt Belisle, left-handed reliever Sean Burnett, infielder Stephen Drew, outfielder Chris Heisey, right-handed pitcher Mat Latos, closer Mark Melancon, catcher Wilson Ramos, and left-handed reliever Marc Rzepczynski.", "Detroit Tigers __knowledge__ The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit, Michigan.", "Detroit Tigers __knowledge__ The Tigers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division.", "Detroit Tigers __knowledge__ One of the AL's eight charter franchises, the club was founded in Detroit in .", "Detroit Tigers __knowledge__ They are the oldest continuous one-name, one-city franchise in the AL.", "Detroit Tigers __knowledge__ The Tigers have won four World Series championships (, , , and ), 11 AL pennants (1907, 1908, 1909, 1934, 1935, 1940, 1945, 1968, 1984, 2006, 2012), and four AL Central division championships (2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014).", "Detroit Tigers __knowledge__ The Tigers also won division titles in 1972, 1984 and 1987 while members of the AL East.", "Phillies–Pirates rivalry __knowledge__ The Phillies–Pirates rivalry is a Major League Baseball (MLB) rivalry between the Philadelphia Phillies and Pittsburgh Pirates.", "Phillies–Pirates rivalry __knowledge__ Both clubs are members of MLB's National League (NL); the Phillies are members of the NL East division, while the Pirates are members of the NL Central division.", "Phillies–Pirates rivalry __knowledge__ The rivalry was considered by some to be one of the best in the NL.", "Phillies–Pirates rivalry __knowledge__ The rivalry started when the Pittsburgh Pirates entered NL play in their fifth season of 1887, four years after the Phillies.", "Phillies–Pirates rivalry __knowledge__ The Phillies and Pirates had remained together after the NL split into two divisions in .", "Phillies–Pirates rivalry __knowledge__ During the period of two-division play (1969–), the two NL East division rivals won the two highest numbers of division championships, reigning almost exclusively as NL East champions in the 1970s and again in the early 1990s, the Pirates 9, the Phillies 6; together, the two teams' 15 championships accounted for more than half of the 25 NL East championships during that span.", "New York Yankees __knowledge__ The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx.", "New York Yankees __knowledge__ The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division.", "New York Yankees __knowledge__ They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City, the other being the New York Mets of the National League.", "New York Yankees __knowledge__ In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles).", "New York Yankees __knowledge__ Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise (which had ceased operations) and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6 ]

[ "Are you a fan of the Baltimore Orioles?", "Yes, they are a part of the American League East division.", "I don't believe so. I do know that they adopted their name from the state bird!" ]

[ "Baltimore Orioles", "Baltimore Orioles", "Baltimore Orioles" ]

[ "Punk rock\nI love punk rock music a lot.", "Definetly, do you know any interesting facts?", "Very cool, know of any top name bands?", "Very cool. I know the ramones, great group." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ The term \"punk rock\" was first used by certain American rock critics in the early 1970s to describe 1960s garage bands and subsequent acts then perceived as stylistic inheritors.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Between 1974 and 1976 the movement now bearing the name \"punk rock\" emerged.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ It produced a new generation of bands such as Television and the Ramones in New York City, the Sex Pistols, the Clash, and the Damned in London, and the Saints in Brisbane—by late-1976 these acts were generally recognized as forming its vanguard.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ As 1977 approached, punk rock became a major and highly controversial cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashion, and other forms of expression, visual art, dance, literature and film.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It is largely characterised by anti-establishment views and the promotion of individual freedom, and is centred on a loud, aggressive genre of rock music called punk rock.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It's adherents are referred to as \"punks\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk politics cover the entire political spectrum.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Common punk ethos includes anti-authoritarianism, a do-it-yourself ethic, non-conformity, direct action and not \"selling out\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ There is a wide range of punk fashion, including deliberately offensive T-shirts, leather jackets, Dr. Martens boots, etc., hairstyles such as brightly coloured hair and spiked mohawks, etc., cosmetics, tattoos, jewellery and body modification.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock is rock music from the United States.", "American rock __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and country music, and also drew on folk music, jazz, blues, and classical music.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock music was further influenced by the British Invasion of the American pop charts from 1964 and resulted in the development of garage rock.", "American rock __knowledge__ From the late 1960s and early 1970s, American rock music was highly influential in the development of a number of fusions, including blending with folk music to create folk rock, with blues to create blues rock, with country music to create country rock, roots rock and southern rock and with jazz to create jazz rock, all of which contributed to psychedelic rock.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the in the Pacific Northwest U.S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns.", "Grunge __knowledge__ The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and that region's underground music scene.", "Grunge __knowledge__ By the early 1990s its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge was commercially successful in the early–mid 1990s, due to releases such as Nirvana's \"Nevermind\", Pearl Jam's \"Ten\", Soundgarden's \"Superunknown\", Alice in Chains' \"Dirt\" and Stone Temple Pilots' \"Core\".", "Garage rock __knowledge__ Garage rock (sometimes called 60s punk or garage punk) is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that flourished in the mid-1960s, most notably in the United States and Canada.", "Garage rock __knowledge__ The style is characterized by basic chord structures played on electric guitars and other instruments, sometimes distorted through a fuzzbox, as well as often unsophisticated and occasionally aggressive lyrics and delivery.", "Garage rock __knowledge__ The term \"garage rock\" derives from the perception that groups were often made up of young amateurs who rehearsed in the family garage, although many were professional.", "Garage rock __knowledge__ In the US and Canada, surf rock—and later the Beatles and other beat groups of the British Invasion—motivated thousands of young people to form bands between 1963 and 1968." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ The term \"punk rock\" was first used by certain American rock critics in the early 1970s to describe 1960s garage bands and subsequent acts then perceived as stylistic inheritors.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Between 1974 and 1976 the movement now bearing the name \"punk rock\" emerged.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ It produced a new generation of bands such as Television and the Ramones in New York City, the Sex Pistols, the Clash, and the Damned in London, and the Saints in Brisbane—by late-1976 these acts were generally recognized as forming its vanguard.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ As 1977 approached, punk rock became a major and highly controversial cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Weed Lake is a local wetland area located outside of Langdon, Alberta.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ It is the home to many natural wildlife including several species of birds and fish.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Weed Lake is located about 20 kilometres east of Calgary, immediately north east of the hamlet of Langdon, Alberta.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ It is a 600 hectare wetland regionally important as waterfowl habitat.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ In 1971 the original lake was drained for agricultural purposes but starting in 2006 construction commenced to restore the lake and it is now a fully functioning healthy wetland ecosystem.", "Weed Lake Wetland __knowledge__ Organizations involved in acquiring the land and restoring the lake were led by Ducks Unlimited and include the Calgary Field Naturalists’ Society.", "QI __knowledge__ QI (Quite Interesting) is a British comedy panel game television quiz show created and co-produced by John Lloyd, and features permanent panelist Alan Davies.", "QI __knowledge__ Stephen Fry was host of the show from its initial pilot, before departing after the final episode of the M series in 2015, with frequent \"QI\" panelist Sandi Toksvig replacing him prior to the beginning of the N series in 2016.", "QI __knowledge__ The format of the show focuses on Davies and three other guest panelists answering questions that are extremely obscure, making it unlikely that the correct answer will be given.", "QI __knowledge__ To compensate, the panelists are awarded points not only for the right answer, but also for interesting ones, regardless of whether they are right or even relate to the original question, while points are deducted for \"answers which are not only wrong, but pathetically obvious\" – typically answers that are generally believed to be true but in fact are misconceptions.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ Sir Michael Caine, (; born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr., 14 March 1933) is an English actor, producer, and author.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ Renowned for his distinctive working class cockney accent, Caine has appeared in over 115 films and is regarded as a British film icon.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in British films, including \"Zulu\" (1964), \"The Ipcress File\" (1965), \"Alfie\" (1966), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, \"The Italian Job\" (1969), and \"Battle of Britain\" (1969).", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ His most notable roles in the 1970s included \"Get Carter\" (1971), \"The\" \"Last\" \"Valley\" (1971), \"Sleuth\" (1972), for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination, \"The Man Who Would Be King\" (1975), and \"A Bridge Too Far\" (1977).", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ Horrible Histories is a series of illustrated history books published in the United Kingdom by Scholastic, and part of the Horrible Histories franchise.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ They are designed to engage children in history by presenting the unusual, gory, or unpleasant aspects in a tongue-in-cheek manner in contrast to the formality of lessons taught in school.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ The books are written by Terry Deary, Peter Hepplewhite and Neil Tonge and illustrated by Martin Brown, Mike Phillips, Phillip Reeve, and Kate Sheppard.", "Horrible Histories (book series) __knowledge__ The first titles in the series, \"The Terrible Tudors\" and \"The Awesome Egyptians\", were published in June 1993.", "The Malay Archipelago __knowledge__ The Malay Archipelago is a book by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace which chronicles his scientific exploration, during the eight-year period 1854 to 1862, of the southern portion of the Malay Archipelago including Malaysia, Singapore, the islands of Indonesia, then known as the Dutch East Indies, and the island of New Guinea.", "The Malay Archipelago __knowledge__ It was published in two volumes in 1869, delayed by Wallace's ill health and the work needed to describe the many specimens he brought home.", "The Malay Archipelago __knowledge__ The book went through ten editions in the nineteenth century; it has been reprinted many times since, and has been translated into at least eight languages.", "Special routes of U.S. Route 20 __knowledge__ Several special routes of U.S. Route 20 exist.", "Special routes of U.S. Route 20 __knowledge__ In order from west to east they are as follows.", "Special routes of U.S. Route 20 __knowledge__ In Toledo, Oregon, U.S. Route 20 Business runs from an intersection with the main highway west of Toledo on the Toledo Frontage Road and 5th Street through Toledo and again on the Toledo Frontage Road to an intersection with the main highway east of Toledo.", "Special routes of U.S. Route 20 __knowledge__ Business 20 in Toledo is also called Sharon Branstiter Memorial Drive, in memory of Toledo's former mayor.", "Special routes of U.S. Route 20 __knowledge__ In Bend, Oregon, U.S. Route 20 Business runs from an intersection with the main highway north of Bend, south on East 1st Street, Deschutes Place, and Wall Street to Newport Avenue, concurrent with U.S. 97 Business, and then east on Newport Avenue and Greenwood Avenue to the main highway concurrent with East 3rd Avenue in Bend.", "Shot on goal (ice hockey) __knowledge__ In ice hockey, a shot on goal is a shot that directs the puck towards the net and either goes into the net for a goal or is stopped by the goaltender for a save.", "Shot on goal (ice hockey) __knowledge__ A shot that is deflected wide or blocked by an opponent does not count as a shot on goal, rather it is recorded as a blocked shot.", "Shot on goal (ice hockey) __knowledge__ The player who blocks the shot is credited with a 'blocked shot', and the player who shoots the puck is credited with an 'attempt blocked'.", "Shot on goal (ice hockey) __knowledge__ Shots that sail wide or high of the net and shots that hit the goalpost or crossbar are not counted as shots on goal, rather they are counted as 'missed shots'.", "Shot on goal (ice hockey) __knowledge__ Additionally, if a goaltender stops a puck that is going wide or high anyway, it is recorded as a 'missed shot'.", "Geek rock __knowledge__ Geek rock (also known as nerd rock or dork rock) is a musical subgenre derived from alternative rock within the nerd music group.", "Geek rock __knowledge__ It is a sister-genre to the chiptune-influenced rock subgenre nintendocore and related to other branches of nerd music such as hip hop's nerdcore and contemporary folk's nerd-folk.", "Geek rock __knowledge__ Geek rock is characterised by the standard instruments of rock music often combined with electronic and unusual instruments; references to geek culture and specialised, yet often mundane, interests; and an element of humour.", "Geek rock __knowledge__ Specific subgenres of geek rock range from those related to elements of geek culture, such as the Harry Potter-based wizard rock, and those related to elements of rock music, such as the punk rock variant called nerd punk.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Enema of the State __knowledge__ Enema of the State is the third studio album by American rock band Blink-182.", "Enema of the State __knowledge__ Produced by Jerry Finn, the album was released on June 1, 1999 by MCA Records.", "Enema of the State __knowledge__ After a long series of performances at various clubs and festivals and several indie recordings throughout the 1990s, Blink-182 first achieved popularity on the Warped Tour and in Australia following the release of their sophomore effort \"Dude Ranch\" (1997) and its rock radio hit \"Dammit\".", "Enema of the State __knowledge__ To record their third album, Blink-182 turned to veteran punk rock producer Jerry Finn, who previously worked on Green Day's breakthrough album, \"Dookie\" (1994).", "Garage rock __knowledge__ Garage rock (sometimes called 60s punk or garage punk) is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that flourished in the mid-1960s, most notably in the United States and Canada.", "Garage rock __knowledge__ The style is characterized by basic chord structures played on electric guitars and other instruments, sometimes distorted through a fuzzbox, as well as often unsophisticated and occasionally aggressive lyrics and delivery.", "Garage rock __knowledge__ The term \"garage rock\" derives from the perception that groups were often made up of young amateurs who rehearsed in the family garage, although many were professional.", "Garage rock __knowledge__ In the US and Canada, surf rock—and later the Beatles and other beat groups of the British Invasion—motivated thousands of young people to form bands between 1963 and 1968.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock is rock music from the United States.", "American rock __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and country music, and also drew on folk music, jazz, blues, and classical music.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock music was further influenced by the British Invasion of the American pop charts from 1964 and resulted in the development of garage rock.", "American rock __knowledge__ From the late 1960s and early 1970s, American rock music was highly influential in the development of a number of fusions, including blending with folk music to create folk rock, with blues to create blues rock, with country music to create country rock, roots rock and southern rock and with jazz to create jazz rock, all of which contributed to psychedelic rock.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ Radiosurgery is the seventh studio album by American rock band New Found Glory.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ It was first released on September 30, 2011 in Australia, before its wider release on October 4 through independent label Epitaph Records.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ It is the band's final studio album to feature founding guitarist Steve Klein.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ To follow up predecessor \"Not Without a Fight\" (2009), the band began writing new material during their stint on the 2010 Honda Civic Tour.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ After self-producing a set of demos and contacting long-term record producer Neal Avron, the band went on to record the album in Avron's home recording studio over a period of three months in 2011." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ The term \"punk rock\" was first used by certain American rock critics in the early 1970s to describe 1960s garage bands and subsequent acts then perceived as stylistic inheritors.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Between 1974 and 1976 the movement now bearing the name \"punk rock\" emerged.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ It produced a new generation of bands such as Television and the Ramones in New York City, the Sex Pistols, the Clash, and the Damned in London, and the Saints in Brisbane—by late-1976 these acts were generally recognized as forming its vanguard.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ As 1977 approached, punk rock became a major and highly controversial cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom.", "Helen Forrest __knowledge__ Helen Forrest (April 12, 1917 – July 11, 1999) was an American singer of traditional pop and swing music.", "Helen Forrest __knowledge__ She served as the \"girl singer\" for three of the most popular big bands of the Swing Era (Artie Shaw, Benny Goodman, and Harry James), thereby earning a reputation as \"the voice of the name bands.\"", "Helen Forrest __knowledge__ Helen was born Helen Fogel in Atlantic City, New Jersey on April 12, 1917.", "Helen Forrest __knowledge__ Her parents, Louis and Rebecca Fogel, were Russian-born Jews.", "Helen Forrest __knowledge__ While she was still an infant, Helen's father died from influenza.", "Helen Forrest __knowledge__ Helen was raised by her mother, who often blamed her husband's death on the birth of Helen.", "Helen Forrest __knowledge__ She believed that God had taken her husband because she had wished so much for a baby girl.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Bonnie Lou __knowledge__ Mary Joan Okum (née Kath; October 27, 1924 – December 8, 2015), known by her performing name Bonnie Lou, was an American musical pioneer, recognized as one of the first female rock and roll singers.", "Bonnie Lou __knowledge__ She is also one of the first artists to gain crossover success from country music to rock and roll.", "Bonnie Lou __knowledge__ She was the \"top name\" on the first country music program regularly broadcast on a national TV network.", "Bonnie Lou __knowledge__ Bonnie Lou was one of the first female co-hosts of a successful syndicated television talk show, and a regular musical performer on popular shows in the 1960s and 1970s.", "Bonnie Lou __knowledge__ She \"was a prime mover in the first days of rockabilly,\" and is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Potliquor __knowledge__ Potliquor (sometimes erroneously referred to as Pot Liquor) was a 1970s rock group from Baton Rouge, Louisiana.", "Potliquor __knowledge__ The band was formed by George Ratzlaff and Guy Schaeffer after the breakup of a successful cover band named the Basement Wall.", "Potliquor __knowledge__ Like several other bands of the American South, their musical style was a synthesis of influences such as Little Richard, Ray Charles, Jimmy Reed, and more, making Potliquor a part of the nascent Southern rock genre.", "Potliquor __knowledge__ Potliquor released four albums plus a compilation album but had only one hit single written and sung by George Ratzlaff.", "Potliquor __knowledge__ Potliquor was a top regional touring band during the early 1970s, and although they made several national tours with prominent rock groups of the time, they never became the headliner of their own tour, but did headline specific shows with some surprising opening acts, like ZZ Top, Aerosmith, and Billy Joel.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Rik Fox __knowledge__ Richard Suligowski (born December 28, 1955), better known today as Rik Fox, is an American heavy metal bassist.", "Rik Fox __knowledge__ He was active mainly during the 1970s and 1980s, in the New York City and Hollywood area rock and metal scenes.", "Rik Fox __knowledge__ Fox was born in Amityville, New York, on Long Island, and raised in the Polish neighborhood of Greenpoint, Brooklyn.", "Rik Fox __knowledge__ While in high school, Fox was interested in rock music and photography, choosing as his subjects, the flashy personalities of the New York City glam scene of the early 1970s.", "Rik Fox __knowledge__ Among many other famous New York City bands performing on the city's club scene at such famous locales as Max's Kansas City and CBGB (clubs he would also later perform in with a group he joined during the height of the New York City club scene marking his professional debut on Halloween in 1975 at Max's, the Martian Rock Band), he also photographed early Kiss.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ The history of the punk subculture involves the history of punk rock, the history of various punk ideologies, punk fashion, punk visual art, punk literature, dance, and punk film.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ Since emerging in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia in the mid-1970s, the punk subculture has spread around the globe and evolved into a number of different forms.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ The history of punk plays an important part in the history of subcultures in the 20th century.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ Several precursors to the punk subculture had varying degrees of influence on that culture.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ A number of philosophical and artistic movements were influences on and precursors to the punk movement.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock is rock music from the United States.", "American rock __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and country music, and also drew on folk music, jazz, blues, and classical music.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock music was further influenced by the British Invasion of the American pop charts from 1964 and resulted in the development of garage rock.", "American rock __knowledge__ From the late 1960s and early 1970s, American rock music was highly influential in the development of a number of fusions, including blending with folk music to create folk rock, with blues to create blues rock, with country music to create country rock, roots rock and southern rock and with jazz to create jazz rock, all of which contributed to psychedelic rock.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashion, and other forms of expression, visual art, dance, literature and film.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It is largely characterised by anti-establishment views and the promotion of individual freedom, and is centred on a loud, aggressive genre of rock music called punk rock.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ It's adherents are referred to as \"punks\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Punk politics cover the entire political spectrum.", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ Common punk ethos includes anti-authoritarianism, a do-it-yourself ethic, non-conformity, direct action and not \"selling out\".", "Punk subculture __knowledge__ There is a wide range of punk fashion, including deliberately offensive T-shirts, leather jackets, Dr. Martens boots, etc., hairstyles such as brightly coloured hair and spiked mohawks, etc., cosmetics, tattoos, jewellery and body modification.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ Hardcore punk (often abbreviated to hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ Its roots can be traced to earlier punk scenes in San Francisco and Southern California which arose as a reaction against the still predominant hippie cultural climate of the time.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ It was also inspired by New York punk rock and early proto-punk.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor.", "Garage rock __knowledge__ Garage rock (sometimes called 60s punk or garage punk) is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that flourished in the mid-1960s, most notably in the United States and Canada.", "Garage rock __knowledge__ The style is characterized by basic chord structures played on electric guitars and other instruments, sometimes distorted through a fuzzbox, as well as often unsophisticated and occasionally aggressive lyrics and delivery.", "Garage rock __knowledge__ The term \"garage rock\" derives from the perception that groups were often made up of young amateurs who rehearsed in the family garage, although many were professional.", "Garage rock __knowledge__ In the US and Canada, surf rock—and later the Beatles and other beat groups of the British Invasion—motivated thousands of young people to form bands between 1963 and 1968." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ The term \"punk rock\" was first used by certain American rock critics in the early 1970s to describe 1960s garage bands and subsequent acts then perceived as stylistic inheritors.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Between 1974 and 1976 the movement now bearing the name \"punk rock\" emerged.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ It produced a new generation of bands such as Television and the Ramones in New York City, the Sex Pistols, the Clash, and the Damned in London, and the Saints in Brisbane—by late-1976 these acts were generally recognized as forming its vanguard.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ As 1977 approached, punk rock became a major and highly controversial cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom.", "Ramones __knowledge__ The Ramones were an American punk rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974.", "Ramones __knowledge__ They are often cited as the first band to define the punk rock sound.", "Ramones __knowledge__ Despite achieving only limited commercial success, the band was vastly influential in both the United States and the United Kingdom, inspiring also the emergence of hardcore punk, pop punk, and alternative rock.", "Ramones __knowledge__ All of the band members adopted pseudonyms ending with the surname \"Ramone\", although none of them were related.", "Ramones __knowledge__ They performed 2,263 concerts, touring virtually nonstop for 22 years.", "Ramones __knowledge__ In 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played a farewell concert and disbanded.", "Ramones (album) __knowledge__ Ramones is the debut studio album by American punk rock band the Ramones, released on April 23, 1976 by Sire Records.", "Ramones (album) __knowledge__ After \"Hit Parader\" editor Lisa Robinson saw the band at a gig in New York City, she wrote about them in an article and contacted Danny Fields, insisting that he be their manager.", "Ramones (album) __knowledge__ Fields agreed and convinced Craig Leon to produce \"Ramones\", and the band recorded a demo for prospective record labels.", "Ramones (album) __knowledge__ Leon persuaded Sire president Seymour Stein to listen to the band perform, and he later offered the band a recording contract.", "Ramones (album) __knowledge__ The Ramones began recording in January 1976, needing only seven days and $6,400 to record the album.", "Canadian system of soil classification __knowledge__ The Canadian System of Soil Classification is more closely related to the American system than any other, but they differ in several ways.", "Canadian system of soil classification __knowledge__ The Canadian system is designed to cover only Canadian soils.", "Canadian system of soil classification __knowledge__ The Canadian system dispenses with the sub-order hierarchical level.", "Canadian system of soil classification __knowledge__ Solonetzic and Gleysolic soils are differentiated at the order level.", "Canadian system of soil classification __knowledge__ The American system is designed so that surface tillage cannot result in a change in classification.", "Canadian system of soil classification __knowledge__ Canada's first independent taxonomic system of soil classification was ntroduced in 1955.", "Canadian system of soil classification __knowledge__ Prior to 1955, systems of classification used in Canada were strongly based on methods being applied in the United States.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.", "Soil __knowledge__ The Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.", "Soil __knowledge__ The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates \"ground stone\".", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution).", "Dee Dee Ramone __knowledge__ Douglas Glenn Colvin (September 18, 1951 – June 5, 2002), known professionally as Dee Dee Ramone, was a German-American musician, singer and songwriter best known as founding member, songwriter, bassist and occasional lead vocalist for the punk rock band the Ramones.", "Dee Dee Ramone __knowledge__ Though nearly all of the Ramones' songs were credited equally to all the band members, Dee Dee was the band's most prolific lyricist and composer, writing many of their best-known songs, such as \"53rd & 3rd\", \"Commando\", \"Wart Hog\", \"Rockaway Beach\", and \"Poison Heart\".", "Dee Dee Ramone __knowledge__ He also co-wrote \"Bonzo Goes To Bitburg\", retitled \"My Brain Is Hanging Upside Down,\" with Ramones producer Jean Beauvoir, who was originally from The Plasmatics.", "Roman Polanski sexual abuse case __knowledge__ In March 1977, film director Roman Polanski was arrested and charged in Los Angeles with five offenses against Samantha Geimer, a 13-year-old girl – rape by use of drugs, perversion, sodomy, lewd and lascivious act upon a child under 14, and furnishing a controlled substance to a minor.", "Roman Polanski sexual abuse case __knowledge__ At his arraignment, Polanski pleaded not guilty to all charges but later accepted a plea bargain whose terms included dismissal of the five initial charges in exchange for a guilty plea to the lesser charge of engaging in unlawful sexual intercourse.", "Roman Polanski sexual abuse case __knowledge__ Polanski underwent a court-ordered psychiatric evaluation, and a report was submitted to the court recommending probation.", "The Clash __knowledge__ The Clash were an English rock band formed in London in 1976 as part of the original wave of British punk rock.", "The Clash __knowledge__ Along with punk rock, the Clash also have played music genres such as experimental rock, and new wave and their music often also incorporated elements of reggae, dub, funk, ska and rockabilly.", "The Clash __knowledge__ For most of their recording career the Clash consisted of Joe Strummer (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Mick Jones (lead guitar, lead vocals), Paul Simonon (bass guitar, vocals) and Nicky \"Topper\" Headon (drums, percussion).", "The Clash __knowledge__ Headon left the group in 1982, and internal friction led to Jones' departure the following year.", "The Saints (Australian band) __knowledge__ The Saints are a rock band, originating in Brisbane, Australia founded by Chris Bailey (singer-songwriter, later guitarist), Ivor Hay (drummer), and Ed Kuepper (guitarist-songwriter) in 1974.", "The Saints (Australian band) __knowledge__ Alongside mainstay Bailey, the group has had numerous line-ups.", "The Saints (Australian band) __knowledge__ In 1975, contemporaneously with American punk rock band the Ramones, the Saints were employing the fast tempos, raucous vocals and \"buzz saw\" guitar that characterised early punk rock.", "The Saints (Australian band) __knowledge__ With their debut single, \"(I'm) Stranded\", in September 1976, they became the first \"punk\" band outside the US to release a record, ahead of better-known acts including the Sex Pistols and the Clash.", "(I'm) Stranded (song) __knowledge__ \"(I'm) Stranded\" is the first song released by pioneering Australian punk rock band The Saints.", "(I'm) Stranded (song) __knowledge__ Issued in September 1976, it has been cited as \"one of the iconic singles of the era\", and pre-dated vinyl debuts by contemporary punk acts such as the Sex Pistols, Buzzcocks, The Damned and The Clash.", "(I'm) Stranded (song) __knowledge__ In 2001, it was voted among the Top 30 Australian Songs of all time by APRA.", "(I'm) Stranded (song) __knowledge__ Written by guitarist Ed Kuepper and vocalist Chris Bailey, the single was originally released on the band's own Fatal Records label, with an initial pressing of 500 copies.", "(I'm) Stranded (song) __knowledge__ In the UK, where the single was at first available only on import, \"Sounds\" magazine called it \"single of this and every week.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ The history of the punk subculture involves the history of punk rock, the history of various punk ideologies, punk fashion, punk visual art, punk literature, dance, and punk film.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ Since emerging in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia in the mid-1970s, the punk subculture has spread around the globe and evolved into a number of different forms.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ The history of punk plays an important part in the history of subcultures in the 20th century.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ Several precursors to the punk subculture had varying degrees of influence on that culture.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ A number of philosophical and artistic movements were influences on and precursors to the punk movement." ] ]

[ 3, 1, 7, 8 ]

[ "Me too! I love the fast paced songs and the hard-edged melodies of punk rock!", "I do! I know that punk rock was developed in the mid 70s in the US, UK and Australia!", "I really like the Ramones, the Clash and the Saints in Brisbane! ", "Yes, I think they're my ultimate favorite punk rock band! I recently learned that punk rock was highly controversial in the UK in the late 70s!" ]

[ "Punk rock", "Punk rock", "Punk rock", "Punk rock" ]

[ "Hiking", "I love hiking. It really helps with physical and mental health", "Do you know when hiking first became popular as a sport?", "I can see hiking being a big thing in the land down under. Lots of land to roam" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or community services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving from state hospitals, to prevent admissions, and to provide support in homes, jobs, education and community.", "Mental health professional __knowledge__ These individuals (i.e., state office personnel, private sector personnel, and non-profit, now voluntary sector personnel) were the forefront brigade to develop the community programs, which today may be referred to by names such as supported housing, psychiatric rehabilitation, supported or transitional employment, sheltered workshops, supported education, daily living skills, affirmative industries, dual diagnosis treatment, individual and family psychoeducation, adult day care, foster care, family services and mental health counseling.", "Mental health care in the Philippines __knowledge__ Mental health is defined as \"a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community\".", "Mental health care in the Philippines __knowledge__ The World Health Organization emphasized the importance of mental health by including it in their definition of health as \"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.\"", "Mental health care in the Philippines __knowledge__ Mental health care is the status of providing and maintaining psychological, psychiatric, and emotional health by means of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses.", "Community mental health service __knowledge__ Community mental health services (CMHS), also known as community mental health teams (CMHT) in the United Kingdom, support or treat people with mental disorders (mental illness or mental health difficulties) in a domiciliary setting, instead of a psychiatric hospital (asylum).", "Community mental health service __knowledge__ The array of community mental health services vary depending on the country in which the services are provided.", "Community mental health service __knowledge__ It refers to a system of care in which the patient's community, not a specific facility such as a hospital, is the primary provider of care for people with a mental illness.", "Community mental health service __knowledge__ The goal of community mental health services often includes much more than simply providing outpatient psychiatric treatment.", "Abortion and mental health __knowledge__ The relationship between induced abortion and mental health is an area of political controversy.", "Abortion and mental health __knowledge__ Abortion is with associated both negative feelings and clinically significant disorders among some women, but similar problems are also associated with carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term.", "Abortion and mental health __knowledge__ Given these two alternatives, the best evidence suggests that a single, first-trimester induced abortion for adult women poses no greater mental-health risks than carrying unwanted pregnancies to term.", "Abortion and mental health __knowledge__ The evidence is less clear in situations such as repeat abortions, and late termination of pregnancy due to foetal abnormality.", "Psychiatric and mental health nursing __knowledge__ Psychiatric nursing or mental health nursing is the appointed position of a nurse that has specialised in mental health and cares for people of all ages experiencing mental illness or mental distress, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, psychosis, depression, anxiety, dementia, and many more.", "Psychiatric and mental health nursing __knowledge__ Nurses in this area receive specific training in psychological therapies, building a therapeutic alliance, dealing with challenging behaviour, and the administration of psychiatric medication.", "Psychiatric and mental health nursing __knowledge__ In most countries, a psychiatric nurse will have to attain a bachelor's degree in nursing to become a Registered Nurse (RN), and specialise in mental health.", "Herzele __knowledge__ Herzele () is a municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders in the Denderstreek.", "Herzele __knowledge__ The municipality comprises the towns of Borsbeke, Herzele proper, Hillegem, Ressegem, Sint-Antelinks, Sint-Lievens-Esse, Steenhuize-Wijnhuize and Woubrechtegem.", "Herzele __knowledge__ On January 1, 2006, Herzele had a total population of 16,709.", "Herzele __knowledge__ The total area is 47.40 km² which gives a population density of 353 inhabitants per km².", "Herzele __knowledge__ The current mayor of Herzele is Johan Van Tittelboom, from the Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats party.", "Herzele __knowledge__ Herzele is crossed by two brooks, the Molenbeek in Borsbeke, Herzele, Ressegem, and Hillegem, as well as the Molenbeek-Ter Erpenbeek in Herzele, Sint-Lievens-Esse, Woubrechtegem, and Ressegem.", "Stealth game __knowledge__ A stealth game is a type of video game that tasks the player with using \"stealth\" to avoid or overcome antagonists.", "Stealth game __knowledge__ Games in the genre typically allow the player to remain undetected by hiding, using disguises or avoiding noise.", "Stealth game __knowledge__ Some games allow the player to choose between a stealthy approach or directly attacking antagonists, but mostly rewarding the player for greater levels of stealth.", "Stealth game __knowledge__ The genre has employed espionage, counter-terrorism and rogue themes, with protagonists who are special forces operatives, spies, thieves, ninjas, and assassins.", "Stealth game __knowledge__ Some games have also combined stealth elements with other genres, such as first-person shooters and even platformers.", "Stealth aircraft __knowledge__ Stealth aircraft are designed to avoid detection using a variety of technologies that reduce reflection/emission of radar, infrared, visible light, radio-frequency (RF) spectrum, and audio, collectively known as stealth technology.", "Stealth aircraft __knowledge__ Development of stealth technology likely began in Germany during World War II, the prototyped Horten Ho 229 was designed for twin BMW 003 jet engines but finally powered by twin Junkers Jumo 004 jet engines being described as the first stealth aircraft.", "Stealth aircraft __knowledge__ Well-known modern examples of stealth of U.S. aircraft include the United States' F-117 Nighthawk (1981–2008), the B-2 Spirit, the F-22 Raptor, and the F-35 Lightning II.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "Anti-aircraft warfare __knowledge__ Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as \"all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action.\"", "Anti-aircraft warfare __knowledge__ They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g.", "Anti-aircraft warfare __knowledge__ barrage balloons).", "Anti-aircraft warfare __knowledge__ It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location.", "Anti-aircraft warfare __knowledge__ However, for most countries the main effort has tended to be 'homeland defence'.", "Anti-aircraft warfare __knowledge__ NATO refers to airborne air defence as counter-air and naval air defence as anti-aircraft warfare.", "Anti-aircraft warfare __knowledge__ Missile defence is an extension of air defence as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ A video game genre is a specific category of games related by similar gameplay characteristics.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Genres are not usually defined by the actual content of the game or its medium of play, but by its common challenge.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Genres may encompass a wide variety of games, leading to even more specific classifications called \"subgenres\".", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ For example, an action game can be classified into many subgenres such as platform games and fighting games.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Some games, most notably browser and mobile games, are commonly classified into multiple genres.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ The following is a list of all commonly defined video game genres, with short descriptions for individual genres and major subgenres." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Shoe __knowledge__ A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot while the wearer is doing various activities.", "Shoe __knowledge__ Shoes are also used as an item of decoration and fashion.", "Shoe __knowledge__ The design of shoes has varied enormously through time and from culture to culture, with appearance originally being tied to function.", "Shoe __knowledge__ Additionally, fashion has often dictated many design elements, such as whether shoes have very high heels or flat ones.", "Shoe __knowledge__ Contemporary footwear in the 2010s varies widely in style, complexity and cost.", "Shoe __knowledge__ Basic sandals may consist of only a thin sole and simple strap and be sold for a low cost.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ The technological and industrial history of Canada encompasses the country's development in the areas of transportation, communication, energy, materials, public works, public services (health care), domestic/consumer and defence technologies.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ The terms chosen for the \"age\" described below are both literal and metaphorical.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ They describe the technology that dominated the period of time in question but are also representative of a large number of other technologies introduced during the same period.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ Also of note is the fact that the period of diffusion of a technology can begin modestly and can extend well beyond the \"age\" of its introduction.", "Ten-pin bowling __knowledge__ Ten-pin bowling is a sport in which a player (called a \"bowler\") rolls a bowling ball down a wood-structure or synthetic (polyurethane) lane and towards ten pins positioned at the end of the lane.", "Ten-pin bowling __knowledge__ The objective is to score the highest pinfall by knocking down as many pins as possible.", "Ten-pin bowling __knowledge__ Three finger holes are drilled into a traditional bowling ball, and weights vary considerably to make the sport playable for all ages.", "Ten-pin bowling __knowledge__ Generally, the heavier the ball, the more pins that will topple on two equivalent shots.", "Ten-pin bowling __knowledge__ The pins are arranged in a triangular position by an automated machine.", "Ten-pin bowling __knowledge__ While professional ten-pin bowling tournaments are held in numerous countries, the sport is commonly played as a hobby by millions of people around the world.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Based on the number of participating athletes, bandy is the world's second most popular winter sport after ice hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is also the number two winter sport in tickets sold per day of competitions at the sport's world championship compared to the other winter sports.", "Bandy __knowledge__ The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a common background with association football, ice hockey and field hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Like football, the game is normally played in halves of 45 minutes each, there are eleven players on each team, and the bandy field is about the same size as a football pitch.", "Paris __knowledge__ Paris () is the capital and most populous city in France, with an administrative-limits area of and an official population of 2,206,488 (2015).", "Paris __knowledge__ The city is a commune and department, and the heart of the Île-de-France region (colloquially known as the 'Paris Region'), whose 2016 population of 12,142,802 represented roughly 18 percent of the population of France.", "Paris __knowledge__ Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.", "Paris __knowledge__ The Paris Region had a GDP of €649.6 billion (US $763.4 billion) in 2014, accounting for 30.4 percent of the GDP of France.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since the eighteenth century, the United Kingdom has been one of the world's greatest tea consumers, with an average annual \"per capita\" tea supply of 1.9 kg (4.18 lbs).", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The British Empire was instrumental in spreading tea from China to India; British interests controlled tea production in the subcontinent.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Tea, which was an upper-class drink in mainland Europe, became the infusion of every social class in Great Britain throughout the course of the eighteenth century and has remained so.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Tea is a prominent feature of British culture and society.", "Tea in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the drinking of tea is so varied that it is quite hard to generalise.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking is typically slower than running and other gaits.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking is defined by an 'inverted pendulum' gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step.", "Walking __knowledge__ This applies regardless of the number of limbs—even arthropods, with six, eight or more limbs, walk.", "Walking __knowledge__ The word \"walk\" is descended from the Old English \"wealcan\" \"to roll\".", "Walking __knowledge__ In humans and other bipeds, walking is generally distinguished from running in that only one foot at a time leaves contact with the ground and there is a period of double-support.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Walking is one of the most popular outdoor recreational activities in the United Kingdom, and within England and Wales there is a comprehensive network of rights of way that permits easy access to the countryside.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Access is also easy in Scotland but not in Northern Ireland.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Walking is used in the United Kingdom to describe a range of activity, from a walk in the park to trekking in the Alps.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The word \"hiking\" is used in the UK, but less often than walking; the word rambling is also used, and the main organisation that supports walking is called The Ramblers.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Walking in mountainous areas in the UK is called hillwalking, or in Northern England, including the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales, fellwalking, from the dialect word fell, for high, uncultivated land.", "Backpacking (wilderness) __knowledge__ Backpacking is the outdoor recreation of carrying gear on one's back, while hiking for more than a day.", "Backpacking (wilderness) __knowledge__ It is often but not always an extended journey, and may or may not involve camping outdoors.", "Backpacking (wilderness) __knowledge__ In North America tenting is common, where simple shelters and mountain huts found widely in Europe are rare.", "Backpacking (wilderness) __knowledge__ In New Zealand, tramping is an equivalent term though overnight huts are frequently used.", "Backpacking (wilderness) __knowledge__ Hill walking is the equivalent in Britain, though backpackers make use of all kinds of accommodation, in addition to camping.", "Backpacking (wilderness) __knowledge__ Backpackers use simple huts in South Africa.", "Backpacking (wilderness) __knowledge__ Similar terms used in other countries are trekking and bushwalking.", "Wether Hill (Lake District) __knowledge__ Wether Hill is a fell in the English Lake District, between Martindale and Haweswater.", "Wether Hill (Lake District) __knowledge__ It lies on the main north-south ridge of the Far Eastern Fells between Loadpot Hill and High Raise.", "Wether Hill (Lake District) __knowledge__ Lesser ridges also radiate out to the east and north-west.", "Wether Hill (Lake District) __knowledge__ North of Wether Hill, across a broad depression, is Loadpot Hill, the height of the two being almost equal.", "Wether Hill (Lake District) __knowledge__ Flowing east from this col is Howe Grain, a feeder of Cawdale Beck.", "Wether Hill (Lake District) __knowledge__ This in turn flows through a U-shaped valley and finally – renamed Howes Beck – passes through Bampton to the Lowther.", "Wether Hill (Lake District) __knowledge__ Between Cawdale Beck and the Haweswater catchment further south runs Wether Hill's three mile eastern ridge.", "Division of the assembly __knowledge__ In parliamentary procedure, a division of the assembly, division of the house, or simply division is amethod for taking a better estimate of a vote than a voice vote.", "Division of the assembly __knowledge__ Typically, a division is taken when the result of a voice vote is challenged or when a two-thirds vote is required.", "Division of the assembly __knowledge__ A division is also called a \"rising vote\", where members stand up from their seats.", "Division of the assembly __knowledge__ According to Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (RONR), the numbers for and against are not counted in a division.", "Division of the assembly __knowledge__ However, they may be counted by order of the chairman or by order of the assembly through majority vote.", "Division of the assembly __knowledge__ The assembly may also have a rule that the division is counted." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hiking __knowledge__ Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.", "Hiking __knowledge__ On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word \"walking\" is acceptable to describe \"all forms\" of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps.", "Hiking __knowledge__ The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England).", "Hiking __knowledge__ The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.", "Hiking __knowledge__ It is a popular activity with numerous worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.", "Hiking __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes.", "Hiking __knowledge__ A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day.", "Hiking __knowledge__ However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The freedom to roam, or \"everyman's right\", is the general public's right to access certain public or privately owned land for recreation and exercise.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The right is sometimes called the right of public access to the wilderness or the \"right to roam\".", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ In Scotland, the Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and the Central European countries of Austria, Czech Republic and Switzerland, the freedom to roam takes the form of general public rights which are sometimes codified in law.", "Freedom to roam __knowledge__ The access is ancient in parts of Northern Europe and has been regarded as sufficiently basic that it was not formalised in law until modern times.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ The Big Pineapple is a heritage-listed tourist attraction at Nambour Connection Road, Woombye, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It was designed by Peddle Thorp and Harvey, Paul Luff, and Gary Smallcombe and Associates.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It is also known as Sunshine Plantation.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 March 2009.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ The 2-level Big Pineapple is 16 metres high and was originally opened on 15 August 1971.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ It is situated on a 165 hectare site.", "Big Pineapple __knowledge__ Under new ownership the owners are facilitating new attractions such as the award-winning Big Pineapple Music Festival and the Big Pineapple was also selected to host Midnight Oil within their reunion concert series in 2017.", "Big Thing (Duran Duran album) __knowledge__ Big Thing is the fifth studio album by Duran Duran, released worldwide in 1988.", "Big Thing (Duran Duran album) __knowledge__ It reached No.", "Big Thing (Duran Duran album) __knowledge__ 15 in the UK and No.", "Big Thing (Duran Duran album) __knowledge__ 24 in the US.", "Big Thing (Duran Duran album) __knowledge__ A CD reissue (with one bonus track) was released in 1994.", "Big Thing (Duran Duran album) __knowledge__ The album was reissued as a three disc boxset on .", "Big Thing (Duran Duran album) __knowledge__ In 1988, the musical climate was changing, veering to a more dance-based groove.", "Big Thing (Duran Duran album) __knowledge__ Duran Duran were known primarily as an early '80s new wave synth-pop act, and the band was sitting at a career crossroads; \"Big Thing\" was their stab at maintaining mainstream popularity.", "Big Thing (Duran Duran album) __knowledge__ Turning to more synth- and bass-heavy grooves than their previous efforts, \"Big Thing\" was seen by many as the band's \"house music\" album.", "Big Thing (song) __knowledge__ \"Big Thing\" is a song recorded by Lisa Stansfield's band, Blue Zone.", "Big Thing (song) __knowledge__ It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Blue Zone.", "Big Thing (song) __knowledge__ At first, \"Big Thing\" was released on the B-side of \"Thinking About His Baby\" on 25 January 1988.", "Big Thing (song) __knowledge__ \"Big Thing\" was picked up by DJs on Kiss-FM and Tony Blackburn on his BBC Radio London show.", "Big Thing (song) __knowledge__ Thanks to that the single sold 10,000 copies in a week.", "Big Thing (song) __knowledge__ Because of this success, \"Big Thing\" was released on the A-side, and \"Thinking About His Baby\" on its B-side.", "Big Thing (song) __knowledge__ For this release, \"Big Thing\" was also remixed by Blue Zone (Big Dub Club Mix).", "Big Thing (song) __knowledge__ Although Blue Zone's 1988 album was titled \"Big Thing\", it did not feature \"Big Thing.\"", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Buddy Williams (5 September 1918 – 12 December 1986), born as Harry Taylor and also known as Harold Williams, was a pioneering Australian country musician, singer and songwriter, known as \"The Yodelling Jackaroo\".", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams was the first Australian to record country music in Australia, three years after the New Zealander Tex Morton made his first recording in Australia.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams recorded his own songs about life and times in the Australian bush.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ It was with Williams that the Bush Ballad was first born.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams' recording of \"Give A Little Credit To Dad\", complete with trademark yodel, was added to the Sounds of Australia project by the National Film and Sound Archive in Canberra.", "The Waterboys __knowledge__ The Waterboys are an Irish/Scottish folk rock band formed in Edinburgh in 1983 by Scottish musician Mike Scott.", "The Waterboys __knowledge__ The band's membership, past and present, has been composed mainly of musicians from Scotland and Ireland with Edinburgh, Dublin, Spiddal, New York and Findhorn, serving as homes for the group.", "The Waterboys __knowledge__ Mike Scott has remained as the only constant member throughout the band's career.", "The Waterboys __knowledge__ They have explored a number of different styles, but their music is mainly a mix of Celtic folk music with rock and roll.", "The Waterboys __knowledge__ They dissolved in 1993 when Scott departed to pursue a solo career.", "The Waterboys __knowledge__ They reformed in 2000, and continue to release albums and tour worldwide.", "Gustavo Scuseria __knowledge__ Gustavo E. Scuseria (born July 30, 1956) is the Robert A. Welch Professor of Chemistry, Professor of Physics & Astronomy and Professor of Materials Science & NanoEngineering at Rice University, Houston, TX.", "Gustavo Scuseria __knowledge__ He is also editor-in-chief of the \"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation\".", "Gustavo Scuseria __knowledge__ Scuseria earned his PhD from the University of Buenos Aires in 1983 and conducted post-doctoral work at the University of California, Berkeley (1985-1987) and the University of Georgia (1987-1989) prior to joining the chemistry faculty at Rice University in 1989.", "Gustavo Scuseria __knowledge__ Since 1989, more than 45 graduate students and 45 post-doctoral researchers have worked in the group, as well as a number of visiting scholars, summer researchers and undergraduate students.", "Paddy Pallin __knowledge__ Frank Austin \"Paddy\" Pallin (1900 – 3 January 1991) was an Australian pioneer bushwalking and camping equipment retailer.", "Paddy Pallin __knowledge__ He is best known for the \"Paddy Pallin\" chain of outdoors equipment stores he founded.", "Paddy Pallin __knowledge__ Born in County Durham, England, in 1900, Pallin developed a love for the outdoors while on family picnics and Scout trips to the Yorkshire countryside.", "Paddy Pallin __knowledge__ After he emigrated to Sydney, Australia, in 1926 he worked initially as a sharefarmer and then as an insurance clerk.", "Paddy Pallin __knowledge__ He became an original member of the Sydney Bushwalking Club which was founded in 1927 and then, becoming a victim of the great depression in 1930, he began making lightweight, waterproof outdoor equipment and clothing.", "Ladislavec __knowledge__ Ladislavec is a village in Croatia.", "Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation __knowledge__ The Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, established in 2005 by the American Chemical Society.", "Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation __knowledge__ It is indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), Scopus, British Library, and Web of Science.", "Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation __knowledge__ The current editors are William L. Jorgensen and Gustavo E. Scuseria.", "Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation __knowledge__ Currently as of the year 2015, JCTC has 11 volumes.", "Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation __knowledge__ Much of the JCTC reports on new theories, methods and applications of quantum chemical knowledge, such as electronic structure, molecular mechanics and statistical mechanics.", "Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation __knowledge__ Research of computational applications such as ab initio quantum mechanics, Monte Carlo simulations and solvation model are discussed among others.", "W. F. Waters __knowledge__ William Francis \"Bill\" Waters (22 August 1897 – 8 October 1968) was Scouts Victoria's Headquarters Commissioner for Rover Scouts between 1930 and 1965.", "W. F. Waters __knowledge__ Through both the Rover Scouts and Melbourne Walking Club, of which he was Chief Leader between 1934 and his ascension to the Club's Presidency in 1967, Bill introduced thousands of young people to the then-new sports of bushwalking and cross-country skiing.", "W. F. Waters __knowledge__ Bill would often contribute articles on his treks to the magazine of the Melbourne Walking Club, the \"Melbourne Walker\", both on the treks themselves through the previously unexplored wilderness of Victoria and on the history of the areas he visited.", "Bush Search and Rescue NSW __knowledge__ Bush Search and Rescue New South Wales (BSAR NSW) (previously known as Bushwalkers Wilderness Rescue Squad (BWRS) and Bushwalkers Search and Rescue (B S&R) is a remote area land search and rescue service in New South Wales, Australia established in 1936.", "Bush Search and Rescue NSW __knowledge__ BSAR NSW is a wholly volunteer operated, self funded incorporated association and a specialist squad of the Volunteer Rescue Association (VRA).", "Bush Search and Rescue NSW __knowledge__ The squad was formed based on the premise that the best people to search for missing bushwalkers are experienced bushwalkers, who are expected to understand the bush, to know how to navigate in difficult terrain, and to know the hidden passes and the common mistakes walkers make while trying to find a route in difficult country.", "The Bush Club __knowledge__ The Bush Club is an Australian bushwalking club founded in 1939 in Sydney, New South Wales by well-known conservationists and bushwalkers Marie Byles and Paddy Pallin.", "The Bush Club __knowledge__ The Bush Club has hundreds of members located in and around Sydney, and is affiliated with Bushwalking NSW, and through them, with Bushwalking Australia.", "The Bush Club __knowledge__ The club, since inception, has provided a wide range of walks of all difficulties and durations both locally and internationally, as well as regular cycling, kayaking, and canyoning activities.", "The Bush Club __knowledge__ Since inception, the club has organised walks in all national park areas around Sydney." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 6 ]

[ "i think i will start hiking, it typically involves virgorous walking, usually on trials, in the countryside", "yea and worldwide the term walking is acceptable to describe all forms of walking, wether it is a walk in the park or backpacking which is strange", "well if you go all the way back to 1927, they first started what was called bushwalking in ausstralia ", "yea well it is popular with numerous people worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits." ]

[ "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking", "Hiking" ]

[ "Blue\nI really like the color Blue. It looks great on everything.", "I like just regular old blue. Is blue a primary color?", "Has blue always been a fairly popular color?", "Interesting. What else can you tell me about the color blue?", "Oh cool. I like that the color of the sky and ocean is blue." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Landmap __knowledge__ Landmap was a Mimas service based at the University of Manchester and was funded by Jisc.", "Landmap __knowledge__ The service freely provides UK academia with a spatial data download service, via Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards for maximum interoperability, which is enhanced and supported by a range of teaching and learning materials.", "Landmap __knowledge__ The spatial data and the learning materials are primarily for students, lecturers and researchers and can be accessed only through Shibboleth or Athens or similar UK university/institution authentication.", "Landmap __knowledge__ Jisc funding for the Landmap service terminated on the 31st December 2013.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "Red states and blue states __knowledge__ Since the 2000 United States presidential election, red states and blue states have referred to states of the United States whose voters predominantly choose either the Republican Party (red) or Democratic Party (blue) presidential candidates.", "Red states and blue states __knowledge__ Since then, the use of the term has been expanded to differentiate between states being perceived as liberal and those perceived as conservative.", "Red states and blue states __knowledge__ Examining patterns within states reveals that the reversal has happened at the state level but is more complicated locally, with urban/rural divides associated with many of the largest changes.", "Red states and blue states __knowledge__ All states contain both liberal and conservative voters (i.e., are \"purple\") and only appear red/blue on the electoral map because of the winner-take-all system used by most states in the Electoral College.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness), or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ A large selection of these various colors is shown below.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ In this section, the term tint is used in its technical sense as used in color theory, meaning a blueish color mixed with white or light gray.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ Baby blue is known as one of the pastel colors.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ With a hue code of 199, this color is a tone of azure.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ The following is a list of Mr. Men, from the children's book series by Roger Hargreaves, also adapted into the children's television programme \"The Mr. Men Show\".", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Books one (\"Mr. Tickle\") to forty-three (\"Mr.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Cheerful\") were written by Hargreaves, and the remainder by his son, Adam Hargreaves.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Mr.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Adventure is the 49th book in the \"Mr. Men\" series and the sixth one created by Adam Hargreaves.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Mr.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Adventure is yellow and bean shaped with a yellow nose.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ He wears red shoes and a blue cap, along with a green backpack.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Mr.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Bounce is the 22nd book in the \"Mr. Men\" series.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Mr.", "List of Mr. Men __knowledge__ Bounce is yellow and round and wears a pink hat." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time.", "Old Blue R.F.C. __knowledge__ Old Blue Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club that competes in USA Rugby club leagues, most notably with their top side in the American Rugby Premiership.", "Old Blue R.F.C. __knowledge__ The team plays at Columbia Soccer Stadium within the Baker Athletic Complex in New York City, New York.", "Old Blue R.F.C. __knowledge__ Old Blue is over 50 years old, established in the fall of 1963, by Columbia University Alumni to play winning rugby at the highest level possible.", "Old Blue R.F.C. __knowledge__ Old Blue started by winning its first 18 matches.", "Old Blue R.F.C. __knowledge__ The 1st team won 78% of games from 1990 to 2000.", "Old Blue R.F.C. __knowledge__ The Old Blue RFC is a founding member of the elite USA Rugby Super League.", "Old Blue R.F.C. __knowledge__ Old Blue appeared in the first two Super League Finals ever as its inaugural Eastern Conference champions in 1997 and 1998, both years in which it also played in the USARFU Men’s Clubs Finals – the only club ever to reach both elite men’s Finals in consecutive years.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ The Chicago White Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ The White Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ Home games are held at Guaranteed Rate Field, located on the city's South Side, and the team is owned by Jerry Reinsdorf.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ They are one of two major league clubs in Chicago; the other is the Chicago Cubs, who are a member of the National League (NL) Central division.", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ One of the American League's eight charter franchises, the franchise was established as a major league baseball club in .", "Chicago White Sox __knowledge__ The club was originally called the Chicago White Stockings, but this was soon shortened to Chicago White Sox.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ A large selection of these various colors is shown below.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Green is common in nature, especially in plants.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined, cancel each other out.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ This means that when combined, they produce a gray-scale color like white or black.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those particular two colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Due to this striking color clash, the term opposite colors is often considered more appropriate than \"complementary colors\".", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Which pairs of colors are considered complementary depends on the color theory one uses: On the traditional color wheel developed in the 18th century, used by Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh and other painters, and still used by many artists today, the primary colors were considered to be red, yellow, and blue, and the primary–secondary complementary pairs are red–green (Christmas), blue-orange (Westwood), and yellow–purple (Mesa High).", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ This article provides introductory information about the RGB, HSV, and HSL color models from a computer graphics (Web page, image) perspective.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ An introduction to colors is also provided to support the main discussion.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ First, \"color\" refers to the human brain's subjective interpretation of combinations of a narrow band of wavelengths of light.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ For this reason, the definition of \"color\" is not based on a strict set of physical phenomena.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ Therefore, even basic concepts like \"primary colors\" are not clearly defined.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ For example, traditional \"Painter's Colors\" use red, blue, and yellow as the primary colors, \"Printer's Colors\" use cyan, yellow, and magenta, and \"Light Colors\" use red, green, and blue.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the hair color.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ The main reasons for this are cosmetic: to cover gray or white hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring can be done professionally by a hairdresser or independently at home.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Today, hair coloring is very popular, with 75% of women and 18% of men living in Copenhagen having reported using hair dye according to a study by the University of Copenhagen.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ At home coloring in the United States reached $1.9 billion in 2011 and is expected to raise to $2.2 billion by 2016.", "Spring green __knowledge__ Spring green is a color included on the color wheel that is precisely halfway between cyan and green.", "Spring green __knowledge__ When plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram it corresponds to a visual stimulus of 505 nanometers on the visible spectrum.", "Spring green __knowledge__ \"Spring green\" is a pure chroma on the color wheel.", "Spring green __knowledge__ In HSV color space, the expression of which is known as the , \"spring green\" has a hue of 150°.", "Spring green __knowledge__ Spring green is one of the tertiary colors on the RGB color wheel.", "Spring green __knowledge__ The complementary color of \"spring green\" is rose.", "Spring green __knowledge__ Displayed at right is the color spring green.", "Spring green __knowledge__ \"Spring green\" is a web color.", "Spring green __knowledge__ The first recorded use of \"spring green\" as a color name in English was in 1766.", "Plush Lop __knowledge__ Plush Lops are a relatively new rabbit breed.", "Plush Lop __knowledge__ They come in two sizes - Miniature and Standard.", "Plush Lop __knowledge__ Miniature Plush Lops were the first to be developed.", "Plush Lop __knowledge__ Devie D'anniballe began creating this breed in 1995 in the United States.", "Plush Lop __knowledge__ She succeeded in developing them by combining the previously existing breeds of Holland Lop, Mini Rex, and Mini Lop.", "Plush Lop __knowledge__ Her aim was to create the perfect pet by retaining the good qualities of these breeds, while \"breeding out\" all the problems existing in these breeds.", "Plush Lop __knowledge__ By selecting for the best traits of each of these breeds, Devie created a breed of rabbit that had the compact, appealing body and lopped ears of the Holland Lop and Mini Lop, combined with the soft, short, hypoallergenic fur of the Mini Rex.", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ In optics, orange has a wavelength between approximately 585 and 620 nm and a hue of 30° in HSV color space.", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ In the RGB color space it is a tertiary color numerically halfway between gamma-compressed red and yellow, as can be seen in the .", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ The complementary color of orange is azure.", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ Orange pigments are largely in the ochre or cadmium families, and absorb mostly blue light.", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ Varieties of the color orange may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of orange __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being an orange or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Cadillac de Ville series __knowledge__ The Cadillac DeVille was originally a trim level and later a separate model produced by Cadillac.", "Cadillac de Ville series __knowledge__ The first car to bear the name was the 1949 Coupe de Ville, a pillarless two-door hardtop body style with a prestige trim level above that of the Series 62 luxury coupe.", "Cadillac de Ville series __knowledge__ The last model to be formally known as a DeVille was the 2005 Cadillac DeVille, a full-size sedan, the largest car in the Cadillac model range at the time.", "Cadillac de Ville series __knowledge__ The next year, the DeVille was officially renamed DTS.", "Cadillac de Ville series __knowledge__ The name \"DeVille\" is derived from the French \"de la ville\" or \"de ville\" meaning \"of the town\".", "Cadillac de Ville series __knowledge__ In French coach building parlance, a coupé de ville, from the French couper (to cut) i.e.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Croatian national costume __knowledge__ Croatian national costume or Croatian dress (, plural: \"narodne nošnje\") refers to the traditional clothing worn by Croats living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, with smaller communities in Hungary, Austria, Montenegro, and Romania.", "Croatian national costume __knowledge__ Since today Croats wear Western-style clothing on a daily basis, the national costumes are most often worn with connection to special events and celebrations, mostly at ethnic festivals, religious holidays, weddings, and by dancing groups who dance the traditional Croatian kolo, or circle dance.", "Croatian national costume __knowledge__ Each cultural and geographical region has its own specific variety of costume that vary in style, material, color, shape, and form.", "Black __knowledge__ Black is the darkest color, the result of the absence or complete absorption of visible light.", "Black __knowledge__ It is an achromatic color, literally a color without hue, like white (its opposite) and gray.", "Black __knowledge__ It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness, while white represents light.", "Black __knowledge__ Black ink is the most common color used for printing books, newspapers and documents, because it has the highest contrast with white paper and is the easiest to read.", "Black __knowledge__ For the same reason, black text on a white screen is the most common format used on computer screens.", "Black __knowledge__ In color printing it is used along with the subtractive primaries cyan, yellow, and magenta, in order to help produce the darkest shades.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ A large selection of these various colors is shown below.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Green is common in nature, especially in plants.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants.", "Lavender (color) __knowledge__ Lavender is a light purple.", "Lavender (color) __knowledge__ It applies particularly to the color of the flower of the same name.", "Lavender (color) __knowledge__ The web color called lavender is displayed at right—it matches the color of the very palest part of the lavender flower; however, the more saturated color shown below as \"floral lavender\" more closely matches the average color of the lavender flower as shown in the picture and is the tone of lavender historically and traditionally considered \"lavender\" by the average person as opposed to those who are web site designers.", "Lavender (color) __knowledge__ The color lavender might be described as a \"medium purple\" or a \"light pinkish purple\".", "Grey __knowledge__ Grey (British English) or gray (American English; see spelling differences) is an intermediate color between black and white.", "Grey __knowledge__ It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is a color \"without color.\"", "Grey __knowledge__ It is the color of a cloud-covered sky, of ash and of lead.", "Grey __knowledge__ The first recorded use of \"grey\" as a color name in the English language was in AD 700.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Grey\" is the dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth English, although \"gray\" remained in common usage in the UK until the second half of the 20th century.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Gray\" has been the preferred American spelling since approximately 1825, although \"grey\" is an accepted variant.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined, cancel each other out.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ This means that when combined, they produce a gray-scale color like white or black.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those particular two colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Due to this striking color clash, the term opposite colors is often considered more appropriate than \"complementary colors\".", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Which pairs of colors are considered complementary depends on the color theory one uses: On the traditional color wheel developed in the 18th century, used by Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh and other painters, and still used by many artists today, the primary colors were considered to be red, yellow, and blue, and the primary–secondary complementary pairs are red–green (Christmas), blue-orange (Westwood), and yellow–purple (Mesa High).", "Green __knowledge__ Green is the color between blue and yellow on the visible spectrum.", "Green __knowledge__ It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 nm.", "Green __knowledge__ In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors.", "Green __knowledge__ By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy.", "Neo-impressionism __knowledge__ Neo-Impressionism is a term coined by French art critic Félix Fénéon in 1886 to describe an art movement founded by Georges Seurat.", "Neo-impressionism __knowledge__ Seurat’s greatest masterpiece, \"A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte\", marked the beginning of this movement when it first made its appearance at an exhibition of the Société des Artistes Indépendants (Salon des Indépendants) in Paris.", "Neo-impressionism __knowledge__ Around this time, the peak of France’s modern era emerged and many painters were in search of new methods.", "Neo-impressionism __knowledge__ Followers of Neo-Impressionism, in particular, were drawn to modern urban scenes as well as landscapes and seashores.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple is a color intermediate between blue and red.", "Purple __knowledge__ It is similar to violet, but unlike violet, which is a spectral color with its own wavelength on the visible spectrum of light, purple is a composite color made by combining red and blue.", "Purple __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the U.S., purple is the color most often associated with royalty, magic, mystery and piety.", "Purple __knowledge__ When combined with pink, it is associated with eroticism, femininity and seduction.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple was the color worn by Roman magistrates; it became the imperial color worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, and later by Roman Catholic bishops.", "Primary color __knowledge__ A set of primary colors is, most tangibly, a set of \"real\" physical pigmented media or colored lights that can be combined in varying amounts to produce a \"gamut\" of colors.", "Primary color __knowledge__ This is the essential method used in applications that are intended to elicit the perception of diverse sets of color, e.g.", "Primary color __knowledge__ electronic displays, color printing, and paintings.", "Primary color __knowledge__ Perceptions associated with a given combination of primary colors are predicted by applying the appropriate mixing model (additive, subtractive, additive averaging etc.)", "Primary color __knowledge__ that embodies the underlying physics of how light interacts with the media and ultimately the retina." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness), or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ A large selection of these various colors is shown below.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ In this section, the term tint is used in its technical sense as used in color theory, meaning a blueish color mixed with white or light gray.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ Baby blue is known as one of the pastel colors.", "Shades of blue __knowledge__ With a hue code of 199, this color is a tone of azure.", "Red states and blue states __knowledge__ Since the 2000 United States presidential election, red states and blue states have referred to states of the United States whose voters predominantly choose either the Republican Party (red) or Democratic Party (blue) presidential candidates.", "Red states and blue states __knowledge__ Since then, the use of the term has been expanded to differentiate between states being perceived as liberal and those perceived as conservative.", "Red states and blue states __knowledge__ Examining patterns within states reveals that the reversal has happened at the state level but is more complicated locally, with urban/rural divides associated with many of the largest changes.", "Red states and blue states __knowledge__ All states contain both liberal and conservative voters (i.e., are \"purple\") and only appear red/blue on the electoral map because of the winner-take-all system used by most states in the Electoral College.", "Bluets (poetry collection) __knowledge__ Bluets is a book by the American author Maggie Nelson, published by Wave Books in 2009.", "Bluets (poetry collection) __knowledge__ The work hybridizes several prose and poetry styles and is often referred to as lyric essay or prose poetry.", "Bluets (poetry collection) __knowledge__ \"Bluets\" was written between 2003 and 2006.", "Bluets (poetry collection) __knowledge__ The book is a philosophical and personal meditation on the color blue, lost love, grief and existential solitude.", "Bluets (poetry collection) __knowledge__ The book is full of references to other writers, philosophers and artists.", "Bluets (poetry collection) __knowledge__ The title refers to the painting \"Bluets\" by the artist Joan Mitchell.", "Bluets (poetry collection) __knowledge__ \"Bluets\" is a \"formal experiment\" that contains an arrangement of 240 loosely linked prose poems to which Nelson refers to as propositions.", "Emergency vehicle lighting __knowledge__ Emergency vehicle lighting is one or more visual warning lights fitted to a vehicle for use when the driver wishes to convey to other road users the urgency of their journey, to provide additional warning of a hazard when stationary, or in the case of law enforcement as a means of signalling another driver to stop for interaction with an officer.", "Emergency vehicle lighting __knowledge__ These lights may be dedicated emergency lights, such as a beacon or a light bar, or may be modified stock lighting, such as a wig-wag or hide-away light, and are additional to any standard lighting on the car such as hazard lights.", "Emergency vehicle lighting __knowledge__ Often, they are used along with a siren (or occasionally sirens) in order to increase their effectiveness.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ Azure ( ) is a variation of blue that is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ On the , \"azure\" (color #007FFF) is defined as the color at 210 degrees, i.e., the hue halfway between blue and cyan.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ In the RGB color model, used to create all the colors on a television or computer screen, azure is created by adding a little green light to blue light.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ The complementary color of azure is orange.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ In the X11 color system which became a standard for early web colors, azure is depicted as a pale cyan.", "Azure (color) __knowledge__ The color azure ultimately takes its name from the intense blue mineral lapis lazuli. '", "Upstream Color __knowledge__ Upstream Color is a 2013 American experimental science-fiction drama film written, directed, produced, edited, composed, designed, cast by and starring Shane Carruth.", "Upstream Color __knowledge__ The film is the second feature directed by Carruth, best known for his 2004 debut \"Primer\".", "Upstream Color __knowledge__ \"Upstream Color\" stars Amy Seimetz, Carruth, Andrew Sensenig, and Thiago Martins.", "Upstream Color __knowledge__ \"Upstream Color\" is about two people whose behaviors are affected by a complex parasite—without knowing it—that has a three-stage life cycle in which it passes from humans to pigs to orchids.", "Upstream Color __knowledge__ The film starts with a man (mentioned in the credits as the \"Thief\") who appears to be harvesting a type of larva for the unusual effects it has on the human mind when ingested.", "The God File __knowledge__ The God File (2002) is a novel by Frank Turner Hollon.", "The God File __knowledge__ The novel, one of five written by Hollon, won the 2003 Independent Publisher Book Award for Fiction Book of the Year.", "The God File __knowledge__ Hollon introduces the main characters in his book—Gabriel, Carl, and Leon—with descriptions of their weird obsessions/collections.", "The God File __knowledge__ Gabe is obsessed with his personal discovery of God; Carl, fulfilling his sexual urges; and Leon, killing and collecting flies.", "The God File __knowledge__ Gabe’s fixation on finding God is the reasoning behind the File, the idea of the book.", "The God File __knowledge__ Each chapter in the book, brings him closer to his goal of proving the existence of God, is a moment of his life as he recalls it in prison.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "White __knowledge__ White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue), because it fully reflects and scatters all the visible wavelengths of light.", "White __knowledge__ It is the color of fresh snow, chalk and milk, and is the opposite of black.", "White __knowledge__ In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, and Romans wore a white toga as a symbol of citizenship.", "White __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity.", "White __knowledge__ It was the royal color of the Kings of France, and of the monarchist movement that opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–1922).", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "History of painting __knowledge__ The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures.", "History of painting __knowledge__ It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, that continues into the 21st century.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ It can be an idea or a task, but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience's attention.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Although people's attention is held by different things, because individuals have different preferences in entertainment, most forms are recognisable and familiar.", "Entertainment __knowledge__ Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were supported in royal courts, developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens.", "Levantine pottery __knowledge__ Pottery and ceramics have been produced in the Levant since ancient times.", "Levantine pottery __knowledge__ The history of pottery in the region begins in the Late Neolithic period, sometimes known as Pottery Neolithic (PN) or occasionally, based on a supposed local sequence of the site of Jericho, Pottery Neolithic A.", "Levantine pottery __knowledge__ There is no good evidence for pottery production in Early Neolithic (Pre-pottery Neolithic/PP) times, but the existence of pyrotechnology that allowed humans to attain temperatures in excess of 1000 °C for reducing limestone to lime to make plaster, indicates a level of technology ripe for the discovery of pottery and its spread.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ The rate of stylistic development between about 750 and 300 BC was remarkable by ancient standards, and in surviving works is best seen in sculpture.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ There were important innovations in painting, which have to be essentially reconstructed due to the lack of original survivals of quality, other than the distinct field of painted pottery.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ Greek architecture, technically very simple, established a harmonious style with numerous detailed conventions that were largely adopted by Roman architecture and are still followed in some modern buildings." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ Many languages do not distinguish between what in English are described as \"blue\" and \"green\" and instead use a cover term spanning both.", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ To describe this English lexical gap, linguists use the portmanteau word \"grue\", from \"green\" and \"blue\", which the philosopher Nelson Goodman coined in his 1955 \"Fact, Fiction, and Forecast\" to illustrate the \"new riddle of induction\".", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ The exact definition of \"blue\" and \"green\" may be complicated by the speakers not primarily distinguishing the hue, but using terms that describe other color components such as saturation and luminosity, or other properties of the object being described.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ The Neptunes are a two-member producing group consisting of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ This discography lists the recorded performances as a duo and individuals.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ It also lists the writing and production credits as The Neptunes, as Williams or Hugo, or both.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ Song names that are bold are singles, album names/releases are in \"italics\".", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) – \"S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (With Larry Live, DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\", Mr. Magoo & Magnum The Verb Lord aka \"Pharrell Williams\", All Tracks Produced By DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\") Wreckx N' Effect – \"Hard Or Smooth (November 24th, US #9)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) BLACKstreet – \"BLACKstreet (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Teddy Riley) SWV – \"Right Here (VLS) (July 10th, US #29)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley) The Legacy – \"Technobodies (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced By DJ Chase Chad aka Chad Hugo) The Party – \"All About Love (Promo CDS)\" (Produced By Demetrius Ship) BLACKstreet – \"Blackstreet (June 21st, US #7)\" Wreckx N' Effect – \"NBA Jam Session\" (Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) Average Guyz – \"First Come, First Serve (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Chad Hugo) * * Mystikal – \"Mind Of Mystikal (October 15th)\" (Produced By Pharrell Williams & Leroy 'Precise' Edwards) SWV – \"The New Beginning (April 23)\" \"Use Your Heart (CDS) (July 28th, #6)\" Total – \"Total (January 13, US #23)\" (Samples Bee Gee's – Love You Inside Out) Jay-Z – \"In My Lifetime Vol.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly invisible.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Objects in the defined location are still present, but incident waves are guided around them without being affected by the object itself.", "Grow light __knowledge__ A grow light or plant light is an artificial light source, generally an electric light, designed to stimulate plant growth by emitting a light appropriate for photosynthesis.", "Grow light __knowledge__ Grow lights are used in applications where there is either no naturally occurring light, or where supplemental light is required.", "Grow light __knowledge__ For example, in the winter months when the available hours of daylight may be insufficient for the desired plant growth, lights are used to extend the time the plants receive light.", "Grow light __knowledge__ If plants do not receive enough light, they will grow long and spindly.", "Grow light __knowledge__ Grow lights either attempt to provide a light spectrum similar to that of the sun, or to provide a spectrum that is more tailored to the needs of the plants being cultivated.", "Fluorescence __knowledge__ Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.", "Fluorescence __knowledge__ It is a form of luminescence.", "Fluorescence __knowledge__ In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed radiation.", "Fluorescence __knowledge__ The most striking example of fluorescence occurs when the absorbed radiation is in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and thus invisible to the human eye, while the emitted light is in the visible region, which gives the fluorescent substance a distinct color that can only be seen when exposed to UV light.", "Fluorescence __knowledge__ Fluorescent materials cease to glow immediately when the radiation source stops, unlike phosphorescence, where they continue to emit light for some time after.", "Infrared photography __knowledge__ In infrared photography, the film or image sensor used is sensitive to infrared light.", "Infrared photography __knowledge__ The part of the spectrum used is referred to as near-infrared to distinguish it from far-infrared, which is the domain of thermal imaging.", "Infrared photography __knowledge__ Wavelengths used for photography range from about 700 nm to about 900 nm.", "Infrared photography __knowledge__ Film is usually sensitive to visible light too, so an infrared-passing filter is used; this lets infrared (IR) light pass through to the camera, but blocks all or most of the visible light spectrum (the filter thus looks black or deep red).", "Infrared photography __knowledge__ (\"Infrared filter\" may refer either to this type of filter or to one that blocks infrared but passes other wavelengths.)", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Infrared __knowledge__ Infrared radiation is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, and is therefore invisible to the human eye.", "Infrared __knowledge__ It is sometimes called infrared light.", "Infrared __knowledge__ It extends from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz), to 1 millimeter (300 GHz) (although specially pulsed lasers can allow humans to detect IR radiation up to 1050 nm.).", "Infrared __knowledge__ Most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared.", "Infrared __knowledge__ Like all EMR, IR carries radiant energy, and behaves both like a wave and like its quantum particle, the photon.", "Light __knowledge__ Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.", "Light __knowledge__ The word usually refers to visible light, which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight.", "Light __knowledge__ Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), or 4.00 × 10 to 7.00 × 10 m, between the infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths).", "Light __knowledge__ This wavelength means a frequency range of roughly 430–750 terahertz (THz).", "Light __knowledge__ The main source of light on Earth is the Sun.", "Light __knowledge__ Sunlight provides the energy that green plants use to create sugars mostly in the form of starches, which release energy into the living things that digest them." ] ]

[ 28, 0, 8, 2, 4 ]

[ "I like that color as well, is there a particular tint or shade you like?", "Yep, blue is one of the three primary colors of pigments in painting and traditional color theory.", "Yeah, blue has been an important color in art and decoration for a really long time. Since ancient times, in fact.", "Well, I can tell you that it lies between violet and green on the visible light spectrum!", "The sky and sea actually appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering?" ]

[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]

[ "Hamburger", "I love them. Nothing better than a big juicy dressed hamburger.", "Wow that soon? Why were they invented?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "Bridlington __knowledge__ Bridlington is a coastal town and civil parish on the Holderness Coast of the North Sea, situated in the unitary authority and ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire approximately north of Hull.", "Bridlington __knowledge__ The Gypsey Race river runs through the town and emerges into the North Sea in the town harbour.", "Bridlington __knowledge__ In the 2011 Census the population of the parish was 35,369.", "Bridlington __knowledge__ Bridlington is a minor sea fishing port with a working harbour and is well known for its shellfish.", "Bridlington __knowledge__ It has a mix of small businesses across the manufacturing, retail and service sectors with its prime trade being tourism during the summer months.", "Hull–Scarborough line __knowledge__ The Hull–Scarborough line, also known as the Yorkshire coast line, is a minor railway line in northern England used primarily for passenger traffic.", "Hull–Scarborough line __knowledge__ It runs northwards from Hull Paragon via Beverley and Driffield to Bridlington, joining the York–Scarborough line at a junction near Seamer before terminating at Scarborough railway station.", "Hull–Scarborough line __knowledge__ The line was built in the 1840s, and formed by lines sanctioned by three separate acts: the southern part from a junction on the Hull and Selby Railway was a branch of that railway, and ran to Bridlington; the line from Bridlington to Seamer Junction was promoted by the York and North Midland Railway (Y&NMR); and the section from Seamer to Scarborough was part of the Y&NMR's York to Scarborough Line.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Bridlington Spa __knowledge__ Bridlington Spa is a dance hall, theatre and conference centre in Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire, England.", "Bridlington Spa __knowledge__ Refurbished between 2006 and 2008 and further updated with a new branding in 2016, the venue boasts a large ball room, Edwardian theatre, art gallery and a selection of other meeting and event spaces; all featuring outstanding views over Bridlington's South Bay.", "Bridlington Spa __knowledge__ The original Spa on the site was built in 1896; which consisted an theatre and seaside pavilion.", "Bridlington Spa __knowledge__ A fire in 1906 saw the theatre destroyed and a replacement opera house was built in 1907 and still forms part of the building today.", "AMC Hornet __knowledge__ The AMC Hornet is a compact automobile which was manufactured and marketed by the American Motors Corporation (AMC) in a single generation from model years 1970 through 1977.", "AMC Hornet __knowledge__ The Hornet replaced the compact Rambler American marking the end of the Rambler marque in the American and Canadian markets.", "AMC Hornet __knowledge__ Hornets were also marketed in foreign markets, as well as assembled under license agreements with AMC that included Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM), Australian Motor Industries (AMI), and by Toyota S.A. Ltd. in South Africa.", "AMC Hornet __knowledge__ The new Hornet became an important vehicle and platform for AMC.", "AMC Hornet __knowledge__ It served the company in one form or another for eighteen years, until the 1988 model year.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ Big Boy Restaurants International, LLC is an American restaurant chain headquartered in Warren, Michigan, in Metro Detroit.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ Frisch's Big Boy Restaurants is a restaurant chain with its headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ The Big Boy name, design aesthetic, and menu were previously licensed to a number of regional franchisees.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ Big Boy was started as Bob's Pantry in 1936 by Bob Wian in Glendale, California.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ The restaurants became known as \"Bob's\", \"Bob's Drive Ins\", \"Bob's, Home of the Big Boy Hamburger\", and (commonly as) Bob's Big Boy.", "Big Boy Restaurants __knowledge__ It became a local chain under that name and nationally under the Big Boy name, franchised by Robert C. Wian Enterprises.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"turkey burger\", \"bison burger\", or \"veggie burger\".", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu).", "Hamburger __knowledge__ There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"hamburger\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ In German, \"Burg\" means \"castle\", \"fortified settlement\" or \"fortified refuge\" and is a widespread component of place names.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The conservative Women for the Wall, sometimes abbreviated as W4W, is a grassroots organization founded in April 2013, concerned with preserving Jewish tradition at the Western Wall, also known as the Kotel.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The catalyst for the founding of Women for the Wall was lack of representation for the stand of traditional Jewish women in the controversy surrounding an alternative prayer group known as Women of the Wall (WoW).", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ In the months leading to the establishment of W4W, Women of the Wall demanded to hold their services in the traditional women's section, rather than the Robinson's Arch area of the Kotel, where alternative prayer services are held.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "List of minor DC Comics characters __knowledge__ American comic book publishing company DC Comics has introduced many characters throughout its history, including numerous minor characters.", "List of minor DC Comics characters __knowledge__ These characters range from supporting characters, heroes and villains that appear infrequently, to characters that only take part in a single story.", "List of minor DC Comics characters __knowledge__ Airstryke is a supervillain in the DC Universe.", "List of minor DC Comics characters __knowledge__ Within the context of the stories, William Kavanagh was given the ability to transform into a pterosaur/man hybrid by a weapons company named Meta/Tech and he took the name Airstryke.", "List of minor DC Comics characters __knowledge__ Count Viper took advantage of these new abilities and used Airstryke to distract Hawkman while Viper tried to take command of the Justice League and thus the world.", "Libertarian socialism __knowledge__ Libertarian socialism (or socialist libertarianism) is a group of anti-authoritarian political philosophies inside the socialist movement that rejects socialism as centralized state ownership and control of the economy.", "Libertarian socialism __knowledge__ Libertarian socialism also rejects the state itself, is close to and overlaps with left-libertarianism and criticizes wage labour relationships within the workplace, instead emphasizing workers' self-management of the workplace and decentralized structures of political organization.", "Libertarian socialism __knowledge__ It asserts that a society based on freedom and justice can be achieved through abolishing authoritarian institutions that control certain means of production and subordinate the majority to an owning class or political and economic elite.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ Appalachia () is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) in Canada to Cheaha Mountain in Alabama, the cultural region of Appalachia typically refers only to the central and southern portions of the range.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, the region was home to approximately 25 million people.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ Since its recognition as a distinctive region in the late 19th century, Appalachia has been a source of enduring myths and distortions regarding the isolation, temperament, and behavior of its inhabitants.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ Confucianism and Taoism, later joined by Buddhism, constitute the \"three teachings\" that have shaped Chinese culture.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ There are no clear boundaries between these intertwined religious systems, which do not claim to be exclusive, and elements of each enrich popular or folk religion.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ The emperors of China claimed the Mandate of Heaven and participated in Chinese religious practices.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, reform-minded officials and intellectuals attacked all religions as \"superstitious\", and since 1949, China has been governed by the Communist Party of China, an atheist institution that prohibits party members from practising religion while in office.", "History of science __knowledge__ The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural and social sciences.", "History of science __knowledge__ (The history of the arts and humanities is termed history of scholarship.)", "History of science __knowledge__ Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena.", "History of science __knowledge__ Historiography of science, in contrast, studies the methods employed by historians of science.", "History of science __knowledge__ The English word \"scientist\" is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century." ] ]

[ 2, 19, 51 ]

[ "I really like hamburgers. They can be pan fried, barbecued or flame broilded", "That's true... its thought to have first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "Well they think it started because the working and middle class wanted mass-produced affordable food. " ]

[ "Hamburger", "Hamburger", "Hamburger" ]

[ "Sleeve tattoo", "No but i think i might want one", "Yeah im not sure what i want yet" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A sleeve tattoo (or tattoo sleeve) is a large tattoo, or a collection of smaller tattoos, that has a unified theme, that covers most or all of a person's arm, usually from shoulder to wrist.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ There is a difference between an arm covered in tattoos and a sleeve tattoo.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A sleeve tattoo has a unified theme, whereas an arm covered in tattoos may have many tattoos of different styles that does not have an overall unity.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ The term \"sleeve\" is a reference to the tattoo's size similarity in coverage to a long shirt sleeve on an article of clothing.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ In this manner, the term is also used as a verb; for example, \"getting sleeved\" means to have one's entire arm tattooed.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ The term is also sometimes used in reference to a large leg tattoo that covers a person's leg in a similar manner.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ Half-sleeves or quarter-sleeves are tattoos that cover only part of an arm, usually above the elbow, but can also be found below the elbow.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A sleeve implies complete tattoo coverage of a particular area, so a half sleeve is a tattoo that covers the entire upper or lower arm.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A \"quarter sleeve\" usually covers the area of skin from the shoulder midway to the elbow.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ Sleeve tattoos are a collaboration between a tattoo artist and customer to demonstrate a personal and unified artistic theme." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A sleeve tattoo (or tattoo sleeve) is a large tattoo, or a collection of smaller tattoos, that has a unified theme, that covers most or all of a person's arm, usually from shoulder to wrist.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ There is a difference between an arm covered in tattoos and a sleeve tattoo.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A sleeve tattoo has a unified theme, whereas an arm covered in tattoos may have many tattoos of different styles that does not have an overall unity.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ The term \"sleeve\" is a reference to the tattoo's size similarity in coverage to a long shirt sleeve on an article of clothing.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ In this manner, the term is also used as a verb; for example, \"getting sleeved\" means to have one's entire arm tattooed.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ The term is also sometimes used in reference to a large leg tattoo that covers a person's leg in a similar manner.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ Half-sleeves or quarter-sleeves are tattoos that cover only part of an arm, usually above the elbow, but can also be found below the elbow.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A sleeve implies complete tattoo coverage of a particular area, so a half sleeve is a tattoo that covers the entire upper or lower arm.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A \"quarter sleeve\" usually covers the area of skin from the shoulder midway to the elbow.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ Sleeve tattoos are a collaboration between a tattoo artist and customer to demonstrate a personal and unified artistic theme.", "Want One __knowledge__ Want One is the third studio album by the Canadian-American singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright, released through DreamWorks Records on September 23, 2003.", "Want One __knowledge__ The album was produced by Marius de Vries and mixed by Andy Bradfield, with Lenny Waronker as the executive in charge of production.", "Want One __knowledge__ \"Want One\" spawned two singles: \"I Don't Know What It Is\", which peaked at No.", "Want One __knowledge__ 74 on the UK Singles Chart, and \"Oh What a World\".", "Want One __knowledge__ The album charted in three countries, reaching No.", "Want One __knowledge__ 60 on the \"Billboard\" 200, No.", "Want One __knowledge__ 130 in France, and No.", "Want One __knowledge__ 77 in the Netherlands.", "Want One __knowledge__ \"Want One\" features guest vocals from Martha Wainwright, Joan Wasser, Teddy Thompson and Linda Thompson, as well as a banjo solo on \"14th Street\" by Wainwright's mother Kate McGarrigle.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ Rufus McGarrigle Wainwright (born July 22, 1973) is an American-Canadian singer, songwriter and composer.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ He has recorded seven albums of original music and numerous tracks on compilations and film soundtracks.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ He has also written a classical opera and set Shakespeare sonnets to music for a theater piece by Robert Wilson.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ Wainwright's self-titled debut album was released through DreamWorks Records in May 1998.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ His second album, \"Poses\", was released in June 2001.", "Rufus Wainwright __knowledge__ Wainwright's third and fourth studio albums, \"Want One\" (2003) and \"Want Two\" (2004), were repackaged as the double album \"Want\" in 2005.", "Dinner at Eight (song) __knowledge__ \"Dinner at Eight\" is a song written and performed by American-Canadian singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright.", "Dinner at Eight (song) __knowledge__ It originally appeared on his third studio album, \"Want One\" (2003).", "Dinner at Eight (song) __knowledge__ \"Dinner at Eight\" is the final track on Wainwright's third studio album, \"Want One\" (2003), and later appeared on \"\", his 2014 greatest hits album.", "Dinner at Eight (song) __knowledge__ The ballad describes a confrontation over dinner at a restaurant between Wainwright and his father, Loudon Wainwright III.", "Dinner at Eight (song) __knowledge__ Wainwright recalled: The song's lyrics compare Wainwright and his father to David and Goliath, respectively, and refer to \"those old magazines\".", "Dinner at Eight (song) __knowledge__ Wainwright takes some blame for their conflict, but also accuses his father of abandonment.", "Counterintelligence __knowledge__ Counterintelligence refers to information gathered and activities conducted to protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or international terrorist activities, sometimes including personnel, physical, document or communications security programs.", "Counterintelligence __knowledge__ Modern tactics of espionage and dedicated government intelligence agencies were developed over the course of the late 19th century.", "Counterintelligence __knowledge__ A key background to this development was the Great Game, a period denoting the strategic rivalry and conflict that existed between the British Empire and the Russian Empire throughout Central Asia.", "I Don't Know What It Is __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know What It Is\" is a song written and performed by Canadian-American singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright.", "I Don't Know What It Is __knowledge__ It was the first single from Wainwright's third studio album \"Want One\" and was released in a slim-line jewel case format on July 26, 2004.", "I Don't Know What It Is __knowledge__ In addition to the UK and Japanese versions of \"Want One\", the song also appears on the bonus DVD that accompanies \"Want Two\" (\"Rufus Wainwright: Live at the Fillmore\"), \"All I Want\" (DVD), and \"Want\", a repackaged UK double album that contains \"Want One\" and \"Want Two\".", "I Don't Know What It Is __knowledge__ In \"All I Want\", producer Marius de Vries admitted that \"I Don't Know What It Is\" was one of the most complex production challenges he had ever faced, with its hundreds of layers of separate orchestral, choral, and vocal parts.", "I Want One of Those __knowledge__ I Want One of Those (also referred to as IWOOT) is an online retailer offering a selection of homeware, gadgets, gizmos, toys and office accessories as well as organised adventures.", "I Want One of Those __knowledge__ The company was founded in January 2000 by Tim Booth, Angus Clacher and Mike Morrison, with Dave Booth joining later that year as MD, with an initial investment of £15,000.", "I Want One of Those __knowledge__ On 26 October 2004 Kleeneze plc acquired IWOOT for £6.0 million in cash to be paid over a three year period plus performance related deferred consideration of up to £4.65 million, payable over three years.", "I Want One of Those __knowledge__ On 12 August 2010 I Want One of Those and the wedding planning website Confetti were sold by Findel plc to The Hut Group for £600,000.", "Automatic summarization __knowledge__ Automatic summarization is the process of shortening a text document with software, in order to create a summary with the major points of the original document.", "Automatic summarization __knowledge__ Technologies that can make a coherent summary take into account variables such as length, writing style and syntax.", "Automatic summarization __knowledge__ Automatic data summarization is part of machine learning and data mining.", "Automatic summarization __knowledge__ The main idea of summarization is to find a subset of data which contains the \"information\" of the entire set.", "Automatic summarization __knowledge__ Such techniques are widely used in industry today.", "Automatic summarization __knowledge__ Search engines are an example; others include summarization of documents, image collections and videos.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ The process of tattooing involves the insertion of pigment into the skin's dermis.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ Traditionally, tattooing often involved rubbing pigment into cuts.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ Modern tattooing almost always requires the use of a tattoo machine and often procedures and accessories to reduce the risk to human health.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing involves the placement of pigment into the skin's dermis, the layer of dermal tissue underlying the epidermis.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ After initial injection, pigment is dispersed throughout a homogenized damaged layer down through the epidermis and upper dermis, in both of which the presence of foreign material activates the immune system's phagocytes to engulf the pigment particles.", "Vyvyn Lazonga __knowledge__ Vyvyn Lazonga is a tattoo artist who began her career in Seattle in the early 1970s and was trained by Danny Danzl.", "Vyvyn Lazonga __knowledge__ She was the first woman to work for herself in the industry, not her husband or another male shop owner.", "Vyvyn Lazonga __knowledge__ She worked in San Francisco and was tattooed by Ed Hardy in the 70's.", "Vyvyn Lazonga __knowledge__ She won the award for Best Tattooed Female in 1978 for his work.", "Vyvyn Lazonga __knowledge__ Later she was fortunate enough to meet Horiyoshi II at one of Lyle Tuttle's parties before returning in 1989 to open her studio in Seattle.", "Vyvyn Lazonga __knowledge__ She has advocated the use of tattoos to cover mastectomy scars as an aid to recovery.", "Vyvyn Lazonga __knowledge__ When she began tattooing, there were very few women who had tattoos, not to mention who were working as tattoo artists.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The sixth season of the tattoo reality competition \"Ink Master\" (subtitled as \"Ink Master: Master vs. Apprentice\") premiered on Spike on June 23 and concluded on October 13, 2015 with a total of 16 episodes.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The season was announced on December 1, 2014 and premiered on June 23, 2015.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The premise of this season is to feature mentors and their apprentices as they compete against each other in an elimination-style competition with a $100,000 grand prize.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The judges for season six were Chris Núñez, Oliver Peck, and Dave Navarro who also serves as host of the show.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The guest judges this season include Richard Stell (episode 2), Avan Jogia (episode 4), Mike Rubendall (episode 6), Justin Weatherholtz (episode 9) and Rose Hardy (episode 10) and Carter Foster (episode 11).", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Tattoo removal has been performed with various tools since the start of tattooing.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ While tattoos were once considered permanent, it is now possible to remove them with treatments, fully or partially.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Before the development of laser tattoo removal methods, common techniques included dermabrasion, TCA (Trichloroacetic acid, an acid that removes the top layers of skin, reaching as deep as the layer in which the tattoo ink resides), salabrasion (scrubbing the skin with salt), cryosurgery and excision which is sometimes still used along with skin grafts for larger tattoos.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Some early forms of tattoo removal included the injection or application of wine, lime, garlic or pigeon excrement.", "Dwayne Johnson __knowledge__ Dwayne Douglas Johnson (born May 2, 1972), also known by his ring name The Rock, is an American actor, producer, and semi-retired professional wrestler.", "Dwayne Johnson __knowledge__ Johnson was a college football player for the University of Miami, where he won a national championship on the 1991 Miami Hurricanes team.", "Dwayne Johnson __knowledge__ After being cut from the Calgary Stampeders of CFL two months into the 1995 season, he began training for a career in professional wrestling, following in the footsteps of various family members, including his grandfather Peter Maivia and his father Rocky Johnson, from whom he inherited Canadian citizenship in 2009.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item).", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ By the end of the 20th Century many Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed and the practice has become more acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A sleeve tattoo (or tattoo sleeve) is a large tattoo, or a collection of smaller tattoos, that has a unified theme, that covers most or all of a person's arm, usually from shoulder to wrist.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ There is a difference between an arm covered in tattoos and a sleeve tattoo.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A sleeve tattoo has a unified theme, whereas an arm covered in tattoos may have many tattoos of different styles that does not have an overall unity.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ The term \"sleeve\" is a reference to the tattoo's size similarity in coverage to a long shirt sleeve on an article of clothing.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ In this manner, the term is also used as a verb; for example, \"getting sleeved\" means to have one's entire arm tattooed.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ The term is also sometimes used in reference to a large leg tattoo that covers a person's leg in a similar manner.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ Half-sleeves or quarter-sleeves are tattoos that cover only part of an arm, usually above the elbow, but can also be found below the elbow.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A sleeve implies complete tattoo coverage of a particular area, so a half sleeve is a tattoo that covers the entire upper or lower arm.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ A \"quarter sleeve\" usually covers the area of skin from the shoulder midway to the elbow.", "Sleeve tattoo __knowledge__ Sleeve tattoos are a collaboration between a tattoo artist and customer to demonstrate a personal and unified artistic theme.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Im Tirtzu (Hebrew: אם תרצו, lit.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ 'If you will it') is a Zionist non-governmental organization based in Israel.", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Its name is derived from an epigraph appended to the frontespiece of Theodor Herzl's novel Altneuland, 'if you wish it, it is no fairy-tale,' rendered into modern Hebrew in Nahum Sokolow's translation in 1903, as \"Im tirtzu ein zo agadah.\"", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ (\"If you will it, it is no dream.\")", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ On its establishment in 2006, the organization stated that its mission was to renew \"Zionist discourse, Zionist thinking and Zionist ideology to ensure the future of the Jewish nation and the State of Israel.\"", "Im Tirtzu __knowledge__ Claiming to \"strengthen and advance the values of Zionism in Israel\", it sees itself as dedicated to combating a \"campaign of de-legitimization against the State of Israel and to [provide] responses to Post-Zionist and Anti-Zionist phenomena\".", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Dami Im (, , ; born 17 October 1988) is a Korean-born Australian singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist performing artist.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Im is known for achieving the best ever Eurovision result for Australia.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ Im emigrated to Australia from South Korea with her family at the age of nine.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ She won the fifth season of \"The X Factor Australia\" and subsequently received a recording contract with Sony Music Australia.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ After winning \"The X Factor\", Im released her debut and winner's single \"Alive\", which debuted at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart.", "Dami Im __knowledge__ This was followed by the release of her self-titled second studio album, which debuted at number one the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ The process of tattooing involves the insertion of pigment into the skin's dermis.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ Traditionally, tattooing often involved rubbing pigment into cuts.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ Modern tattooing almost always requires the use of a tattoo machine and often procedures and accessories to reduce the risk to human health.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing involves the placement of pigment into the skin's dermis, the layer of dermal tissue underlying the epidermis.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ After initial injection, pigment is dispersed throughout a homogenized damaged layer down through the epidermis and upper dermis, in both of which the presence of foreign material activates the immune system's phagocytes to engulf the pigment particles.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The sixth season of the tattoo reality competition \"Ink Master\" (subtitled as \"Ink Master: Master vs. Apprentice\") premiered on Spike on June 23 and concluded on October 13, 2015 with a total of 16 episodes.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The season was announced on December 1, 2014 and premiered on June 23, 2015.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The premise of this season is to feature mentors and their apprentices as they compete against each other in an elimination-style competition with a $100,000 grand prize.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The judges for season six were Chris Núñez, Oliver Peck, and Dave Navarro who also serves as host of the show.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The guest judges this season include Richard Stell (episode 2), Avan Jogia (episode 4), Mike Rubendall (episode 6), Justin Weatherholtz (episode 9) and Rose Hardy (episode 10) and Carter Foster (episode 11).", "Fantasy Island __knowledge__ Fantasy Island is an American television series that originally aired on the ABC network from 1977 to 1984.", "Fantasy Island __knowledge__ It starred Ricardo Montalbán as the mysterious Mr. Roarke who grants the fantasies of visitors to the titular island for a price.", "Fantasy Island __knowledge__ The series was created by Gene Levitt.", "Fantasy Island __knowledge__ A revival of the series aired on the same network during the 1998–99 season.", "Fantasy Island __knowledge__ Before it became a television series, \"Fantasy Island\" was introduced to viewers in 1977 and 1978 through two made-for-television films.", "Fantasy Island __knowledge__ Airing from 1978 to 1984, the original series starred Ricardo Montalbán as Mr. Roarke, the enigmatic overseer of a mysterious island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean, where people from all walks of life could come and live out their fantasies, albeit for a price.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky struggled with sonata form, the primary Western principle for building large-scale musical structures since the middle of the 19th century.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Traditional Russian treatment of melody, harmony and structure actually worked against sonata form's \"modus operandi\" of movement, growth and development.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Russian music—the Russian creative mentality as a whole, in fact—functioned on the principle of stasis.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Russian novels, plays and operas were written as collections of self-contained tableaux, with the plots proceeding from one set-piece to the next.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Russian folk music operated along the same lines, with songs comprised as a series of self-contained melodic units repeated continually.", "Jax Teller __knowledge__ Jackson Nathaniel \"Jax\" Teller was a fictional character and the protagonist on the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\", played by British actor Charlie Hunnam.", "Jax Teller __knowledge__ He was the President of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club's Redwood Original (SAMCRO) mother chapter based in Charming, California.", "Jax Teller __knowledge__ Until the end of season four, he was the Vice President of the club.", "Jax Teller __knowledge__ He has a number of tattoos, most notably his club's logo on his back, a tribute to his father John Teller on his right arm, his son Abel's name on his chest, and his second son, also the name of his deceased brother, Thomas on his left arm." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 6 ]

[ "Have you ever gotten a sleeve tattoo?", "A sleeve tattoo has a unified theme so make sure that you pick a suitable theme!", "Then you could also consider a large leg tattoo that covers a person's leg. " ]

[ "Sleeve tattoo", "Sleeve tattoo", "Sleeve tattoo" ]

[ "The Joe Rogan Experience", "I heard of it.It's any good?", "Can you be more specific about the content of the podcast?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ State of Florida v. George Zimmerman was a criminal prosecution of George Zimmerman on the charge of second-degree murder stemming from the shooting of Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ On April 11, 2012, George Zimmerman was charged with second-degree murder in the shooting death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ In support of the charges, the State filed an affidavit of probable cause, stating that Zimmerman profiled and confronted Martin and shot him to death while Martin was committing no crimes.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ Florida State Attorney Angela Corey announced the charges against Zimmerman during a televised press conference and reported that Zimmerman was in custody after turning himself in to law enforcement.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter for the pop singer's death on June 25, 2009, from a massive overdose of the general anesthetic propofol.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial, which started on September 27, 2011, was held in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, before Judge Michael Pastor and it was televised.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The prosecutors in the case (David Walgren and Deborah Brazil, both Los Angeles deputy district attorneys), in their opening statement, told jurors: \"misplaced trust in the hands of Murray cost Jackson his life\".", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Specimens of Middle Cornish texts are given here in Cornish and English.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Both texts have been dated within the period 1370-1410 and the \"Charter Fragment\" is given in two Cornish orthographies.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ (Earlier examples of written Cornish exist but these are the first in continuous prose or verse.)", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ It was not until the reign of Athelstan that the Cornish kings became subject to the rulers of Wessex: even so the border was established irrevocably on the east bank on the Tamar and in ecclesiastical matters Cornwall was added to the territory of the Bishops of Sherborne.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Under Canute it ceased to be subject to the King of England and only later, at an unknown date in Edward the Confessor's reign was annexed again.", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ Amber Laura Heard (born April 22, 1986) is an American actress.", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ She made her film debut in 2004 in the sports drama \"Friday Night Lights\".", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ After small roles in \"North Country\" and \"Alpha Dog\", Heard played her first leading role in \"All the Boys Love Mandy Lane\" (2006) and appeared in The CW television show \"Hidden Palms\" (2007).", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ Heard's breakthrough came in 2008 with roles in \"Never Back Down\" and \"Pineapple Express\".", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ She received the Breakthrough Award at Young Hollywood Awards.", "Amber Heard __knowledge__ Her appearance in films such as \"The Informers\", \"The Stepfather\", \"Zombieland\", and \"The Joneses\" brought her further attention.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ The Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (abbreviated as HIMI) is an Australian external territory comprising a volcanic group of barren Antarctic islands, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ The group's overall size is in area and it has of coastline.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ Discovered in the mid-19th century, the islands have been an Australian territory since 1947 and contain the country's only two active volcanoes.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ The summit of one, Mawson Peak, is higher than any mountain on the Australian mainland.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ The islands lie on the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean.", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands __knowledge__ The islands are among the most remote places on Earth: They are located approximately southwest of Perth, southwest of Cape Leeuwin, Australia, southeast of South Africa, southeast of Madagascar, north of Antarctica, and southeast of the Kerguelen Islands.", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ Civil procedure in South Africa is the formal rules and standards that courts follow in that country when adjudicating civil suits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters).", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ The legal realm is divided broadly into substantive and procedural law.", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ Substantive law is that law which defines the contents of rights and obligations between legal subjects; procedural law regulates how those rights and obligations are enforced.", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced, and what kind of service of process is required, along with the types of pleadings or statements of case, motions or applications, and orders allowed in civil cases, the timing and manner of depositions and discovery or disclosure, the conduct of trials, the process for judgment, various available remedies, and how the courts and clerks are to function.", "Gerald Heard __knowledge__ Henry FitzGerald Heard (6 October 1889 – 14 August 1971), commonly called Gerald Heard, was a British-born American historian, science writer, public lecturer, educator, and philosopher.", "Gerald Heard __knowledge__ He wrote many articles and over 35 books.", "Gerald Heard __knowledge__ Heard was a guide and mentor to numerous well-known Americans, including Henry Luce and Clare Boothe Luce, and Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, in the 1950s and 1960s.", "Gerald Heard __knowledge__ His work was a forerunner of, and influence on, the consciousness development movement that has spread in the Western world since the 1960s.", "Gerald Heard __knowledge__ The son of an Anglo-Irish clergyman, Heard was born in London.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ Joseph James Rogan (born August 11, 1967) is an American stand-up comedian, martial arts color commentator and podcast host.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ A fan of comedy since his youth, Rogan began a career in stand-up in August 1988 in the Boston area, developing a blue comedy act.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ He moved to New York City two years later.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ After relocating to Los Angeles in 1994, Rogan signed an exclusive developmental deal with Disney, appeared as an actor on the television sitcoms \"Hardball\" and \"NewsRadio\", and worked in local comedy clubs.", "Joe Rogan __knowledge__ In 1997, he started working for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) as an interviewer and color commentator.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ Joe Rogan Questions Everything is an American television series that premiered on SyFy in 2013.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ The series follows entertainer and stand-up comedian Joe Rogan and co-host Duncan Trussell as they look into paranormal and extraordinary mysterious subjects like Bigfoot, psychic ability and UFOs.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ The show's form is based on a presentation of the topic following up with interviews with experts and members of the public that claim anecdotal evidence for the cases.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ Various field research trips are also done in an attempt to gather evidence.", "Joe Rogan Questions Everything __knowledge__ Through the series Joe Rogan takes the position of a skeptic.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ Charles Wilber \"Bullet\" Rogan, also known as \"Bullet Joe\" (July 28, 1893 – March 4, 1967), was an American pitcher and outfielder for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro baseball leagues from 1920 to 1938.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ Renowned as a two-way player who could both hit and pitch successfully, one statistical compilation shows Rogan winning more games than any other pitcher in Negro leagues history and ranking fourth highest in career batting average.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998.", "Bullet Rogan __knowledge__ Rogan's early baseball career took place in the U.S. Army, where he played for a famous team in the all-black 25th Infantry.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ \"Sujanpur Tihra\"' is a town and a Municipal council in Hamirpur district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Sujanpur is located at .", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ It has an average elevation of 562 metres (1,844 feet).", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Climate varies all through from hot summer to cold winter.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Being on the banks of Beas River, the winter is quite severe.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ The temperature vary from 38 Deg.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Celsius in summers to almost zero Deg.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Celsius in winters.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Winters experience low-lying clouds which add to the cold weather and one can enjoy walking amidst the clouds.", "Tira Sujanpur __knowledge__ Sujanpur Tira is well-connected to all the major towns of Himachal Pradesh and of the country in all the directions through road network.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Jose Antonio \"Joey\" Diaz (born February 19, 1963) is a Cuban American stand-up comedian, actor and podcast host.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Born in Cuba and raised in New Jersey, Diaz began his stand-up career in 1991.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ He had roles in the television series \"My Name is Earl\" and the films \"The Longest Yard\" and \"Taxi\".", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Since 2012, Diaz has hosted the podcast, \"The Church of What's Happening Now\".", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ He is also a regular guest on \"The Joe Rogan Experience\".", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ Joey Diaz was born in Havana, Cuba and moved to NYC at the age of three.", "Joey Diaz __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Joey and his mother relocated to North Bergen, New Jersey, where he attended McKinley School followed by North Bergen High School, which he graduated from in 1982 and won awards for performing arts in school.", "Doug Benson __knowledge__ Douglas Steven \"Doug\" Benson (born July 2, 1962) is an American comedian, marijuana rights advocate, television host, actor and judge who has appeared on \"Getting Doug With High\", \"Comedy Central Presents\", \"Best Week Ever, Trailer Park Boys,\" and was a contestant on \"Last Comic Standing\" in the show's fifth season.", "Doug Benson __knowledge__ He currently serves as a judge for the Comedy Central series \"The High Court with Doug Benson\".", "Doug Benson __knowledge__ In 2007, he starred in the film \"Super High Me\", a documentary about marijuana usage.", "Doug Benson __knowledge__ Benson also currently hosts the popular \"Doug Loves Movies\" podcast along with his weekly marijuana video podcast show \"Getting Doug with High\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ The Joe Rogan Experience is a free audio and video talk podcast hosted by American comedian, actor, sports commentator, and television host Joe Rogan.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It was launched on December 24, 2009 by Rogan and his friend, comedian Brian Redban who also produced and co-hosted.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ It has grown to become one of the world’s most popular podcasts, spawning a community of listeners around the globe.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ On August 18, 2017, it reached its 1,000th episode with Joey Diaz and Tom Segura as guests.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Around 2003, Rogan hired Brian Redban, a self-taught video editor and an employee at a Gateway computer store in Ohio, to work for him full time to film, produce, and edit videos for his website.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban, a fan of Rogan and comedian Doug Stanhope who had tried stand-up at open mic nights in Ohio, met and befriended the two through the Internet.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ He then started to produce videos for Stanhope, which led to Rogan offering him trips to film at his own stand-up gigs.", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ Redban accepted Rogan's offer to work with him, and relocated to California in the process, following Rogan with a camera \"and recording everything\".", "The Joe Rogan Experience __knowledge__ After several years, Redban later said Rogan's fans wanted more content and delivered faster, and sought new ways to make the lengthy editing process easier and more interactive for the audience.", "Podcast __knowledge__ A podcast is an episodic series of digital audio or video files which a user can download and listen to.", "Podcast __knowledge__ It is often available for subscription, so that new episodes are automatically downloaded via web syndication to the user's own local computer, mobile application, or portable media player.", "Podcast __knowledge__ It is distinct from Internet radio, which involves streaming rather than downloading.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The word originated as a portmanteau of \"iPod\" (a brand of media player) and \"broadcast\".", "Podcast __knowledge__ The files distributed are in audio format, but may sometimes include other file formats such as PDF or EPUB.", "Podcast __knowledge__ Videos which are shared following a podcast model are called video podcasts or vodcasts.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ SarcasticGamer.com was an independent video gaming blog and community site that was relaunched as a podcast.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ As part of the GamerCast Network, a community of independent podcasters, the website focused on parodying the latest events happening in the gaming industry.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ Although the website was best known for its satirical news articles and parodies, it also featured reviews, news, opinions and rants.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ All articles, however, stayed true to the \"sarcastic\" ethos of the site.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ Sarcastic Gamer was relaunched as a podcast-only website in December 2012 before closing its site in 2015.", "Sarcastic Gamer __knowledge__ The site was founded by Adams in early June 2007, the first SarcasticGamer.com article, written on 11 June 2007 after his first parody song, \"How You Killed Your Brand\" (a parody of How To Save A Life by The Fray) gained immense popularity on YouTube.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasting, first known as \"audioblogging\", has its roots dating back to the 1980s.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ With the advent of broadband internet and portable digital audio playback devices such as the iPod, podcasting began to catch hold in late 2004.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Today there are more than 115,000 English-language podcasts available on the internet, and dozens of websites available for distribution at little or no cost to the producer or listener.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ According to one survey in 2017, 42 million Americans above the age of twelve listen to podcasts at least on a weekly basis.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Before the advent of the World Wide Web, in the 1980s, RCS (Radio Computing Services), provided music and talk-related software to radio stations in a digital format.", "Manager Tools Podcast __knowledge__ The Manager Tools Podcast, founded in 2005, is a weekly audio podcast by Michael Auzenne and Mark Horstman, which focuses on career advice and helping managers become more effective.", "Manager Tools Podcast __knowledge__ It was awarded People's Choice Podcast from Podcast Awards in 2008, and won the Best Business Podcast award in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2012.In 2016, was awarded as the Legacy show in Business The podcast hosts, Mark Horstman and Mike Auzenne, are both graduates of West Point, the United States Military Academy, which is where they met.", "Manager Tools Podcast __knowledge__ Michael Auzenne spent nearly two decades in Corporate America as a manager and executive.", "1UP Shows and Podcasts __knowledge__ 1UP Shows and Podcasts were a collection of podcasts hosted by 1UP.com dealing with various aspects of gaming.", "1UP Shows and Podcasts __knowledge__ Most of the shows, like \"4 Guys 1UP\", were about games and general gaming culture.", "1UP Shows and Podcasts __knowledge__ Others were more specific, such as \"The Sports Game Guy's Sports Anomaly\", which focused on sports games.", "1UP Shows and Podcasts __knowledge__ The network also featured \"Retronauts\", an audio retrospective series that chronicled various retro games and game series.", "1UP Shows and Podcasts __knowledge__ The network had shown significant growth, with several new shows having been introduced in 2007-2008.", "1UP Shows and Podcasts __knowledge__ However, in early 2009 1UP.com was purchased by UGO and its parent company Hearst Corporation from Ziff Davis Media.", "Red State Update __knowledge__ Red State Update is an online satirical political series of short films and podcasts produced in the United States by performers Jonathan Shockley and Travis Harmon.", "Red State Update __knowledge__ Jackie Broyles (played by Travis Harmon), who formally owned a store thatbarbecue, is the older and more levelheaded of the two main characters.", "Red State Update __knowledge__ He espouses traditional conservatism, especially a belief in following the Bible and attending church, though he rarely goes himself.", "Red State Update __knowledge__ Jackie grew up on a farm and loves horses, especially Shetland Ponies.", "Red State Update __knowledge__ Jackie once held the record for the deepest ride into a cave on horseback with his favorite horse, Mr. Horsepants.", "Spill.com __knowledge__ Spill.com was a movie and video game review, discussion and news website.", "Spill.com __knowledge__ It was the continuation of the 9 year old Austin, Texas based public-access television cable TV show called \"The Reel Deal\".", "Spill.com __knowledge__ There were four main film critic contributors to the website, collectively known as the Spill Crew, including Korey Coleman, Chris Cox, Martin Thomas, C. Robert Cargill, and Tony Guerrero.", "Spill.com __knowledge__ Under aliases, with the exception of Coleman, they reviewed movies as animated versions of themselves or in uncut audio reviews, maintaining their personas in weekly podcasts.", "Spill.com __knowledge__ The website was owned by Hollywood.com, under R&S Investments.", "Stuff You Should Know __knowledge__ Stuff You Should Know, often abbreviated as SYSK, is an award-winning podcast and video series published by the HowStuffWorks website and hosted by Josh Clark and Charles W. \"Chuck\" Bryant, both writers at HowStuffWorks.", "Stuff You Should Know __knowledge__ The podcast is consistently ranked in the Top 10 on iTunes.", "Stuff You Should Know __knowledge__ It is one of the most popular podcasts in the world, being downloaded millions of times each month.", "Stuff You Should Know __knowledge__ The podcast, released every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, educates listeners on a wide variety of topics, often using popular culture as a reference giving the podcast comedic value.", "Stuff You Should Know __knowledge__ The podcast is available for free on the iTunes Store and consistently appears in the platform's Top 10.", "Crooked Media __knowledge__ Crooked Media is an American political media company.", "Crooked Media __knowledge__ It was founded in 2017 by Jon Favreau, Jon Lovett and Tommy Vietor, all former top Barack Obama staffers and co-hosts, with Dan Pfeiffer, of the \"Keepin' it 1600\" podcast.", "Crooked Media __knowledge__ The company's offerings encompass a network of podcasts; a news and opinion website; live shows and tours; and a social media and live streaming presence.", "Crooked Media __knowledge__ It aims to foster open conversation between liberals and support grassroots activism and political participation.", "Crooked Media __knowledge__ The company's flagship podcast, \"Pod Save America\", airs twice weekly and averages more than 1.5 million listeners an episode.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ Joseph's Granaries is a designation for the Egyptian pyramids often used by early travelers to the region.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ The notion of a granary (\"horreum\", ) being associated with the Hebrew patriarch Joseph derives from the account in Genesis 41, where “he gathered up all the food of the seven years when there was plenty in the land of Egypt, and stored up food in the cities ... And Joseph \"stored up grain in great abundance, like the sand of the sea\", until he ceased to measure it, for it could not be measured” (vv.", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ 48-9, RSV).", "Joseph's Granaries __knowledge__ “So when the famine had spread over all the land, Joseph opened all the storehouses (\"\" Vulgate, LXX) and sold to the Egyptians”(v. 56).", "The Ricky Gervais Show __knowledge__ The Ricky Gervais Show is a comedy radio show in the UK starring Ricky Gervais, Stephen Merchant, and Karl Pilkington, later adapted into a podcast and a television series.", "The Ricky Gervais Show __knowledge__ Despite being named after the more famous Gervais, it mostly revolves around the life and ideas of Pilkington.", "The Ricky Gervais Show __knowledge__ The show started in August 2001 on Xfm, and aired in weekly periods for months at a time throughout 2002, 2003, 2004, and mid-2005.", "The Ricky Gervais Show __knowledge__ In November 2005, \"Guardian Unlimited\" offered the show as a podcast series of 12 shows.", "The Ricky Gervais Show __knowledge__ Throughout January and February 2006, the podcast was consistently ranked the number one podcast in the world; it appeared in the 2007 Guinness World Record for the world's most downloaded podcast, having gained an average of 261,670 downloads per episode during its first month.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ A pyramid (from \"\") is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single point at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or any polygon shape.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ As such, a pyramid has at least three outer triangular surfaces (at least four faces including the base).", "Pyramid __knowledge__ The square pyramid, with square base and four triangular outer surfaces, is a common version.", "Pyramid __knowledge__ A pyramid's design, with the majority of the weight closer to the ground, and with the pyramidion on top means that less material higher up on the pyramid will be pushing down from above.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian pyramids.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser (constructed 2630 BC–2611 BC) which was built during the third dynasty.", "Egyptian pyramids __knowledge__ This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry." ] ]

[ 0, 3, 0 ]

[ "Have you ever listened to the Joe Rogan podcast. I listen to it sometimes before I go to bed.", "I like it. I know its one of the world's most popular podcasts. I enjoyed him talking about the pyramids.", "According to Joe's guests, the pyramids may be older than expected. And the Sphinx is even older." ]

[ "The Joe Rogan Experience", "The Joe Rogan Experience", "The Joe Rogan Experience" ]

[ "Pizza", "I love pizza i just had one yesterday my favorite toppings are jalapenos", "not particularly but i love thing crust pizzas" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ Domo-kun first appeared in short stop-motion sketches on December 22, 1998 to mark the 10th anniversary of NHK's satellite broadcasting.", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ The name \"Domo\" was acquired during the second episode of his show, in which a TV announcer said , which is a greeting that can be translated as \"Well, hello there!", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ \", but which can also be interpreted as \"Hello, Domo\", and thus is a convenient pun (\"dajare\").", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ The kun suffix on \"Domo-kun\", the name used to describe the character in the Japanese versions, is a Japanese honorific often used with young males.", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ Tsuneo Gōda directs Domo episodes using stop motion animation.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Sanrio, a Japanese company specialized in creating cute characters.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Beginning in 1963, Sanrio sells and licenses products branded with these characters and has created over 400 characters, with the most successful and best known being Hello Kitty.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ The characters listed here are shown with the year in which they first appeared.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ is the best-known of Sanrio's fictional characters, created in 1974.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty is drawn simply with a trademark red bow.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Registered in 1975, Hello Kitty is now a globally known trademark.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty has been marketed in the United States from the beginning and has held the position of U.S. children's ambassador for UNICEF since 1983.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Couples 4 is the eleventh season of the NBC reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize, which was awarded to Olivia Ward, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ It premiered on January 4, 2011.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ Along with existing trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels, two new trainers (Cara Castronuova and Brett Hoebel) will be featured who were revealed in Week 3.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ One of the featured contestants is Rulon Gardner, a former gold medalist at the 2000 Summer Olympics.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ It was the longest season in Biggest Loser history at 20 weeks long." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Norwood, Ohio __knowledge__ Norwood is the second most populous city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and an enclave of the larger city of Cincinnati.", "Norwood, Ohio __knowledge__ The population was 19,207 at the 2010 census.", "Norwood, Ohio __knowledge__ Originally settled as an early suburb of Cincinnati in the wooded countryside north of the city, the area is characterized by older homes and tree-lined streets.", "Norwood, Ohio __knowledge__ The earliest humans in the area now known as Norwood are believed to have been Pre-Columbian era people of the Adena culture.", "Norwood, Ohio __knowledge__ Norwood Mound, a prehistoric earthwork mound built by the Adena, is located in Norwood and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ Domino’s Pizza, Inc. is an American pizza restaurant chain founded in 1960.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The corporation is headquartered at the Domino's Farms Office Park in Ann Arbor, Michigan.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ In 1960, Tom Monaghan and his brother, James, purchased DomiNick's, a small pizza store at 301 West Cross Street in Ypsilanti, Michigan, near Eastern Michigan University.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The deal was secured by a $500 down payment, and the brothers borrowed $900 to pay for the store.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ The brothers planned to split the work hours evenly, but James did not want to quit his job as a full-time postman to keep up with the demands of the new business.", "Domino's Pizza __knowledge__ Within eight months, James traded his half of the business to Tom for the Volkswagen Beetle they used for pizza deliveries.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Rhode Island Route 10 __knowledge__ Route 10 is a numbered state highway connector in the U.S. state of Rhode Island, traveling along the Huntington Expressway, the first freeway in the state.", "Rhode Island Route 10 __knowledge__ It connects Route 12 (Park Avenue) on the Cranston–Providence city line with Interstate 95, U.S. Route 6, and Memorial Boulevard in downtown Providence, passing just east of the Olneyville area of Providence.", "Rhode Island Route 10 __knowledge__ It provides an alternate route to I-95 south of downtown, and connects it with the US 6 freeway west from Olneyville towards I-295 and Connecticut.", "Rhode Island Route 10 __knowledge__ Route 10 begins at an incomplete interchange with Route 12 (Park Avenue) on the Cranston-Providence border.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe." ] ]

[ 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "My favorite food is pizza! How about you?", "Pizza is a traditional italian dish of flatbread, tomato sauce, and cheese. Personally I love flatbread, but others do not. Do you?", "Any other toppings you like other than jalepenos? I personally like pineapple. Yes, I'm that weird guy who does! :D" ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Sushi\nI love sushi! How do you feel about this delicious food?", "Nice! So do I. My favorite type of sushi is yellow tail. ", "I'm not a huge fan of tofu to be honest. Sushi is much better in my opinion.", "It has awhile since I have eaten tofu. Maybe I will give it another shot due to its nutritional benefits.", "Understandable. It is amazing how many different ways you can prepare the same food. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ Delicious is a series of time management casual games that is developed by Zylom Studios and later on by Gamehouse Studios.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ From the 7th game onwards, the games are developed by Gamehouse Studios and Blue Giraffe.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ The games tell the story of Emily, a waitress who aspires to one day run her own restaurant, and who works in several other restaurants in order to earn the money to eventually make her dream come true.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ After releasing the first 3 games of the series, Zylom decided to \"renew\" the series by adding some factors to it to make Emily's world more memorable and natural.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ As a result of this, from the fourth game onwards, the series received high appreciation and reviews from casual game critics and gamers, such as Gamezebo, who gave the seventh game, \"Emily's True Love\", a maximum 5/5 star overall review.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ , literally \"rotation sushi\", also called , is a form of sushi restaurant common in Japan.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ In Australasia, it is also known as a sushi train.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Kaiten-zushi is a sushi restaurant where the plates with the sushi are placed on a rotating conveyor belt or moat that winds through the restaurant and moves past every table, counter and seat.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Customers may place special orders, but most simply pick their selections from a steady stream of fresh sushi moving along the conveyor belt.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ The final bill is based on the number and type of plates of the consumed sushi.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Some restaurants use a fancier presentation such as miniature wooden \"sushi boats\" traveling small canals or miniature locomotive cars.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ A sushi machine or sushi robot is a mechanical device that automatically creates various styles of sushi.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Several are electrically powered.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines produce mounds of sushi rice for creating nigiri.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ This style of sushi machine may use a hopper that is filled with sushi rice, from where the rice is fed into the machine and the sushi rice mounds are formed and then ejected.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ After the rice mounds are ejected, sashimi and other ingredients are then manually placed atop them.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines can produce sushi rolls, whereby the machine automatically flattens rice into sheets, adds various ingredients such as sashimi, nori (edible seaweed) and vegetables, rolls them up and then slices the rolls into separate pieces." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Yellow Tail (wine) __knowledge__ Yellow Tail (stylised [ yellow tail ]) is a brand of wine produced by Casella Family Brands.", "Yellow Tail (wine) __knowledge__ Casella wines is based in Yenda, Australia, which has a population of approximately 1,400 people.", "Yellow Tail (wine) __knowledge__ The Casella family has produced wines since the 1820s in Italy.", "Yellow Tail (wine) __knowledge__ However, in 1957 the Casella family, headed by Filippo Casella and his wife Maria, emigrated to Australia for a better life.", "Yellow Tail (wine) __knowledge__ Yellow Tail is a new wine brand and was a chance for the family winery to enter into the bottled wine market—having previously supplied bulk wine to other wineries.", "Yellow Tail (wine) __knowledge__ Yellow Tail was developed in 2000, originally marketed to export countries and became the number one imported wine to the USA by 2003.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ , literally \"rotation sushi\", also called , is a form of sushi restaurant common in Japan.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ In Australasia, it is also known as a sushi train.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Kaiten-zushi is a sushi restaurant where the plates with the sushi are placed on a rotating conveyor belt or moat that winds through the restaurant and moves past every table, counter and seat.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Customers may place special orders, but most simply pick their selections from a steady stream of fresh sushi moving along the conveyor belt.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ The final bill is based on the number and type of plates of the consumed sushi.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Some restaurants use a fancier presentation such as miniature wooden \"sushi boats\" traveling small canals or miniature locomotive cars.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Yellow-tailed black cockatoo __knowledge__ The yellow-tailed black cockatoo (\"Calyptorhynchus funereus\") is a large cockatoo native to the south-east of Australia measuring in length.", "Yellow-tailed black cockatoo __knowledge__ It has a short crest on the top of its head.", "Yellow-tailed black cockatoo __knowledge__ Its plumage is mostly brownish black and it has prominent yellow cheek patches and a yellow tail band.", "Yellow-tailed black cockatoo __knowledge__ The body feathers are edged with yellow giving a scalloped appearance.", "Yellow-tailed black cockatoo __knowledge__ The adult male has a black beak and pinkish-red eye-rings, and the female has a bone-coloured beak and grey eye-rings.", "Yellow-tailed black cockatoo __knowledge__ In flight, yellow-tailed black cockatoos flap deeply and slowly, and with a peculiar heavy fluid motion.", "Yellow-tailed black cockatoo __knowledge__ Their loud eerie wailing calls carry for long distances.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ A sushi machine or sushi robot is a mechanical device that automatically creates various styles of sushi.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Several are electrically powered.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines produce mounds of sushi rice for creating nigiri.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ This style of sushi machine may use a hopper that is filled with sushi rice, from where the rice is fed into the machine and the sushi rice mounds are formed and then ejected.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ After the rice mounds are ejected, sashimi and other ingredients are then manually placed atop them.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines can produce sushi rolls, whereby the machine automatically flattens rice into sheets, adds various ingredients such as sashimi, nori (edible seaweed) and vegetables, rolls them up and then slices the rolls into separate pieces.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce (also called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and \"Aspergillus oryzae\" or \"Aspergillus sojae\" molds.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce in its current form was created about 2,200 years ago during the Western Han dynasty of ancient China, and spread throughout East and Southeast Asia where it is used in cooking and as a condiment.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce (酱油) is considered almost as old as soy paste — a type of fermented paste (Jiang, ) obtained from soybeans — which had appeared during the Western Han dynasty and was listed in the bamboo slips found in the archaeological site Mawangdui.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ This is a list of Japanese condiments by type.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ Mirin is an essential condiment used in Japanese cuisine.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ It is a kind of rice wine similar to sake, but with a lower alcohol content—14% instead of 20%.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ There are three general types.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ The first is \"hon mirin\" (lit.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ true mirin), which contains alcohol.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ The second is \"shio mirin\", which contains alcohol as well as 1.5% salt to avoid alcohol tax.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ The third is \"shin mirin\" (lit.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ new mirin), or \"mirin-fu chomiryo\" (lit.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ mirin-like seasoning), which contains less than 1% alcohol yet retains the same flavour.", "List of Japanese condiments __knowledge__ Rice vinegar is a very mild and mellow vinegar and ranges in colour from colourless to pale yellow.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Glycine max, commonly known as soybean in North America or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals.", "Soybean __knowledge__ For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes.", "Soybean __knowledge__ The beans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Soy vegetable oil, used in food and industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate).", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate).", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ Stinky tofu () is a Chinese form of fermented tofu that has a strong odor.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ It is usually sold at night markets or roadside stands as a snack, or in lunch bars as a side dish, rather than in restaurants.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ Unlike cheese, stinky tofu fermentation does not have a fixed formula for starter bacteria; wide regional and individual variations exist in manufacturing and preparation.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ The traditional method of producing stinky tofu is to prepare a brine made from fermented milk, vegetables, and meat; the brine can also include dried shrimp, amaranth greens, mustard greens, bamboo shoots, and Chinese herbs.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ The brine fermentation can take as long as several months.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Glycine max, commonly known as soybean in North America or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals.", "Soybean __knowledge__ For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes.", "Soybean __knowledge__ The beans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Soy vegetable oil, used in food and industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop.", "Tofu skin __knowledge__ Tofu skin, yuba, bean curd skin, bean curd sheet, or bean curd robes, is a food product made from soybeans.", "Tofu skin __knowledge__ During the boiling of soy milk, in an open shallow pan, a film or skin forms on the liquid surface.", "Tofu skin __knowledge__ The films are collected and dried into yellowish sheets known as tofu skin.", "Tofu skin __knowledge__ Since tofu skin is not produced using a coagulant, it is not technically a proper tofu; however, it does have similar texture and flavor to some tofu products.", "Tofu skin __knowledge__ Tofu skin's use was first documented in written records in China and Japan in the sixteenth century.", "Tofu skin __knowledge__ It is widely used, fresh, fermented, or dried, in Chinese and Japanese cuisine.", "Weight management __knowledge__ Weight management techniques encompass long-term lifestyle strategies that promote healthy eating and daily physical activity.", "Weight management __knowledge__ Effective weight management strategies consider not only weight loss toward but also the maintenance of a healthy body weight over time.", "Weight management __knowledge__ Moreover, weight management involves an understanding of meaningful ways to track weight over time and set ideal body weights for different individuals.", "Weight management __knowledge__ Weight management does not include fad diets that promote quick, temporary weight loss.", "Weight management __knowledge__ It focuses on the long-term results that are achieved through slow weight loss, followed by retention of an ideal body weight for age, sex and height.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Meat analogue __knowledge__ A meat analogue, also called a meat alternative, meat substitute, mock meat, faux meat, imitation meat, or (where applicable) vegetarian meat or vegan meat, approximates certain aesthetic qualities (primarily texture, flavor and appearance) and/or chemical characteristics of specific types of meat.", "Meat analogue __knowledge__ Many analogues are soy-based (see: tofu, tempeh) or gluten-based.", "Meat analogue __knowledge__ Generally, \"meat analogue\" is understood to mean a food made from non-meats, sometimes without other animal products, such as dairy.", "Meat analogue __knowledge__ The market for meat imitations includes vegetarians, vegans, non-vegetarians seeking to reduce their meat consumption for health or ethical reasons, and people following religious dietary laws in Hinduism, Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism.", "Food pyramid (nutrition) __knowledge__ A food pyramid or diet pyramid is a triangular diagram representing the optimal number of servings to be eaten each day from each of the basic food groups.", "Food pyramid (nutrition) __knowledge__ The first pyramid was published in Sweden in 1974.", "Food pyramid (nutrition) __knowledge__ The 1992 pyramid introduced by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was called the \"Food Guide Pyramid\".", "Food pyramid (nutrition) __knowledge__ It was updated in 2005, and then it was replaced by MyPlate in 2011.", "Food pyramid (nutrition) __knowledge__ Amid high food prices in 1972, Sweden's National Board of Health and Welfare developed the idea of \"basic foods\" that were both cheap and nutritious, and \"supplemental foods\" that added nutrition missing from the basic foods." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate).", "Soybean __knowledge__ Glycine max, commonly known as soybean in North America or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals.", "Soybean __knowledge__ For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes.", "Soybean __knowledge__ The beans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Soy vegetable oil, used in food and industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop.", "Congee __knowledge__ Congee or conjee () is a type of rice porridge or gruel popular in many Asian countries, especially East Asia.", "Congee __knowledge__ When eaten as plain rice congee, it is most often served with side dishes.", "Congee __knowledge__ When additional ingredients, such as meat, fish, and flavorings, are added while preparing the congee, it is most often served as a meal on its own, especially for the ill. Names for congee are as varied as the style of its preparation.", "Congee __knowledge__ Despite its many variations, it is usually a thick porridge of rice largely disintegrated after prolonged cooking in water.", "Congee __knowledge__ While congee is a staple breakfast dish in China, it is called \"congee\" only in Guangdong, and is known by other local names such as \"bái zhōu\" (白粥 literally \"white porridge\") in Central and Northern China.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ Stinky tofu () is a Chinese form of fermented tofu that has a strong odor.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ It is usually sold at night markets or roadside stands as a snack, or in lunch bars as a side dish, rather than in restaurants.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ Unlike cheese, stinky tofu fermentation does not have a fixed formula for starter bacteria; wide regional and individual variations exist in manufacturing and preparation.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ The traditional method of producing stinky tofu is to prepare a brine made from fermented milk, vegetables, and meat; the brine can also include dried shrimp, amaranth greens, mustard greens, bamboo shoots, and Chinese herbs.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ The brine fermentation can take as long as several months.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Weight management __knowledge__ Weight management techniques encompass long-term lifestyle strategies that promote healthy eating and daily physical activity.", "Weight management __knowledge__ Effective weight management strategies consider not only weight loss toward but also the maintenance of a healthy body weight over time.", "Weight management __knowledge__ Moreover, weight management involves an understanding of meaningful ways to track weight over time and set ideal body weights for different individuals.", "Weight management __knowledge__ Weight management does not include fad diets that promote quick, temporary weight loss.", "Weight management __knowledge__ It focuses on the long-term results that are achieved through slow weight loss, followed by retention of an ideal body weight for age, sex and height.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Scott I Kahan __knowledge__ Scott I. Kahan, M.D., M.P.H., is an American physician, writer, and internationally recognized expert on obesity prevention and treatment.", "Scott I Kahan __knowledge__ He is the Director of the Strategies To Overcome and Prevent (STOP) Obesity Alliance, a nonprofit coalition of more than 70 consumer, provider, government, labor, business, health insurers and quality-of-care organizations and the Director of the National Center for Weight and Wellness.", "Scott I Kahan __knowledge__ His clinical practice and research addresses obesity prevention and treatment, chronic disease risk reduction, health behavior change in populations, and clinical aspects of weight management.", "Resting metabolic rate __knowledge__ Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is whole-body mammal (and other vertebrate) metabolism during a time period of strict and steady \"resting conditions\" that are defined by a combination of assumptions of physiological homeostasis and biological equilibrium.", "Resting metabolic rate __knowledge__ RMR differs from basal metabolic rate (BMR) because BMR measurements must meet total physiological equilibrium whereas RMR conditions of measurement can be altered and defined by the contextual limitations.", "Resting metabolic rate __knowledge__ Therefore, BMR is measured in the elusive \"perfect\" steady state, whereas RMR measurement is more accessible and thus, represents most, if not all measurements or estimates of daily energy expenditure.", "Canadian Obesity Network __knowledge__ The Canadian Obesity Network-Réseau Canadien en Obésité (CON-RCO) is a nonprofit organization representing Canada's authoritative voice on evidence-based approaches for obesity prevention, treatment and policy.", "Canadian Obesity Network __knowledge__ Its mission is to improve the lives of Canadians affected by obesity through the advancement of anti-discrimination, prevention, and treatment efforts.", "Canadian Obesity Network __knowledge__ Strategic goals of CON-RCO include addressing the social stigma associated with obesity; changing the way policy makers and health professionals approach obesity; and improving access to evidence-based prevention and treatment resources.", "Canadian Obesity Network __knowledge__ Membership is divided between professional and public members.", "West River Sheet Harbour __knowledge__ West River Sheet Harbour (locally known as West River) is a river on the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia, Canada, in the Halifax Regional Municipality.", "West River Sheet Harbour __knowledge__ Its headwaters are near the Musquodoboit Valley and the river flows southeast and empties in to the Northwest Arm of Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia.", "West River Sheet Harbour __knowledge__ The river has three main tributaries: West River Main, Killag River and Little River.", "West River Sheet Harbour __knowledge__ The river was suffering from acidification, so a lime doser was installed and has been in use since September 2005.", "West River Sheet Harbour __knowledge__ It stabilized the river's pH at 5.5, a healthy level for aquatic life.", "West River Sheet Harbour __knowledge__ In 1922, a ground-wood pulp mill, owned by the American Pulp and Wrapping Paper Co. of Albany, began operation on the West River Falls.", "Herbalife __knowledge__ Herbalife International is a global multi-level marketing corporation that develops, markets and sells nutrition supplements, weight management, sports nutrition and personal-care products.", "Herbalife __knowledge__ The company was founded by Mark Hughes in 1980, and it employs an estimated 7,800 people worldwide.", "Herbalife __knowledge__ Herbalife reported net sales of US$4.488 billion in 2016, flat with 2015, and net income of $260.0 million, down 23% from the year prior.", "Herbalife __knowledge__ The business is incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and its corporate headquarters are there.", "Herbalife __knowledge__ The company operates internationally and distributes its products in 95 countries (as of July 2015) through a network of approximately 3.2 million independent distributors, some of whom earn profit on product sales and additional commission from a network marketing compensation structure." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ American anthropology has culture as its central and unifying concept.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ This most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ American anthropology is organized into four fields, each of which plays an important role in research on culture: Research in these fields has influenced anthropologists working in other countries to different degrees.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ Discussion concerning culture among biological anthropologists centers around two debates.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ First, is culture uniquely human or shared by other species (most notably, other primates)?", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ It aims to help in international development by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable access to technologies.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ ICT4D is grounded in the notions of \"development\", \"growth\", \"progress\" and \"globalization\" and is often interpreted as the use of technology to deliver a greater good.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Another similar term used in the literature is \"digital development\".", "Language __knowledge__ Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.", "Language __knowledge__ The scientific study of language is called linguistics.", "Language __knowledge__ Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece.", "Language __knowledge__ Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, and sharing the title of the character's longest-running comic book.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth theatrical \"Spider-Man\" film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and a reboot of Sam Raimi's \"Spider-Man\" 2002-2007 trilogy preceding it.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Marc Webb.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It was written by James Vanderbilt, Alvin Sargent and Steve Kloves and it stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Rhys Ifans as Dr. Curtis Connors, Denis Leary as NYPD Captain George Stacy, along with Martin Sheen and Sally Field as the uncle and aunt of Peter Parker, Ben Parker and May Parker.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is a culinary style originating in Bengal, a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is now divided between Bangladesh and the West Bengal state of India.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Other regions, such as Tripura, and the Barak Valley region of Assam (in India) also have large native Bengali populations and share this cuisine.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ With an emphasis on fish, vegetables and lentils are served with rice as a staple diet.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is known for its subtle (yet sometimes fiery) flavours, and its spread of confectioneries and desserts.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ It also has the only traditionally developed multi-course tradition from the subcontinent that is analogous in structure to the modern \"service à la russe\" style of French cuisine, with food served course-wise rather than all at once.", "International Financial Reporting Standards __knowledge__ International Financial Reporting Standards, usually called the IFRS Standards, are standards issued by the IFRS Foundation and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to provide a common global language for business affairs so that company accounts are understandable and comparable across international boundaries.", "International Financial Reporting Standards __knowledge__ They are a consequence of growing international shareholding and trade and are particularly important for companies that have dealings in several countries.", "International Financial Reporting Standards __knowledge__ They are progressively replacing the many different national accounting standards.", "International Financial Reporting Standards __knowledge__ They are the rules to be followed by accountants to maintain books of accounts which are comparable, understandable, reliable and relevant as per the users internal or external.", "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The Amazing Race is an American reality competition show in which typically eleven teams of two race around the world.", "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The race is generally split into twelve legs, with each leg requiring teams to deduce clues, navigate themselves in foreign areas, interact with locals, perform physical and mental challenges, and vie for airplane, boat, taxi, and other public transportation options on a limited budget provided by the show.", "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Teams are progressively eliminated at the end of most legs, while the first team to arrive at the end of the final leg wins the grand prize of .", "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ As the original version of the \"Amazing Race\" franchise, the CBS program has been running since 2001.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate).", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ Barbecue varies by the type of meat, sauce, rub, or other flavorings used, the point in barbecuing at which they are added, the role smoke plays, the equipment and fuel used, cooking temperature, and cooking time.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be ground, for hamburgers, or processed into sausage or kebabs.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be marinated or rubbed with spices before cooking, basted with a sauce or oil before, during or after cooking, or any combination of these.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braaivleis\" (; ) is Afrikaans for grilled meat.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braai\" (plural \"braais\") is Afrikaans for barbecue or grill and is a social custom in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Chinese cuisine is an important part of Chinese culture, which includes cuisine originating from the diverse regions of China, as well as from Chinese people in other parts of the world.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Because of the Chinese diaspora and historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine has influenced many other cuisines in Asia, with modifications made to cater to local palates.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ The preference for seasoning and cooking techniques of Chinese provinces depend on differences in historical background and ethnic groups.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Geographic features including mountains, rivers, forests and deserts also have a strong effect on the local available ingredients, considering climate of China varies from tropical in the south to subarctic in the northeast.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ Stinky tofu () is a Chinese form of fermented tofu that has a strong odor.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ It is usually sold at night markets or roadside stands as a snack, or in lunch bars as a side dish, rather than in restaurants.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ Unlike cheese, stinky tofu fermentation does not have a fixed formula for starter bacteria; wide regional and individual variations exist in manufacturing and preparation.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ The traditional method of producing stinky tofu is to prepare a brine made from fermented milk, vegetables, and meat; the brine can also include dried shrimp, amaranth greens, mustard greens, bamboo shoots, and Chinese herbs.", "Stinky tofu __knowledge__ The brine fermentation can take as long as several months.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage." ] ]

[ 3, 74, 52, 16, 0 ]

[ "Same here, it is one of my favorites, I love it with wasabi and soy sauce.", "How do you feel about tofu? It has low calories and a high amount of protein.", "I like both. They both are great for weight management.", "Tofu has to be cooked right for me to like it. It can be seasoned or marinated.", "It is. what is your favorite type of food. Mine is Indonesian, it is very vibrant." ]

[ "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi" ]

[ "Shaun White\nWho is Shaun White anyway?", "Oh yeah, now I remember. Must be pretty talented.", "Damn that's super impressive!", "Wow, that's pretty insane!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Shaun Roger White (born September 3, 1986) is an American professional snowboarder and skateboarder.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He is a two-time Olympic gold medalist.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He holds the record for the most X-Games gold medals and has won 10 ESPY Awards.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White was born in San Diego, California.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ His ancestry includes Irish and Italian.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He was born with a Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital heart defect for which he endured two open-heart operations before the age of one.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He stands 5'8\" (1.73 m) tall.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White spent his formative years riding Okemo Mountain and Bear Mountain, small ski resorts found in Ludlow, Vermont, and the San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White quickly drew the eyes of many in the skateboarder scene, including professional skateboarder Tony Hawk.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Hawk befriended the nine-year-old White at a local skatepark and mentored him, helping him turn pro in skateboarding at the age of 17.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White has won many titles on his skateboard, including the overall title of Action Sports Tour Champion, and was the first person to compete in and win both the Summer and Winter X Games in two different sports.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Following in his older brother's footsteps, White switched from skiing to snowboarding at age six, and by age seven he received his first sponsorship.", "Shaun White Snowboarding __knowledge__ Shaun White Snowboarding is a sports video game for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Wii, Nintendo DS, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Xbox 360 systems.", "Shaun White Snowboarding __knowledge__ It was developed by Ubisoft Montreal, published by Ubisoft, and released in 2008.", "Shaun White Snowboarding __knowledge__ The Wii edition of the game, Shaun White Snowboarding: Road Trip, was developed from the ground up for the system, taking full advantage of the Wii Balance Board accessory and featuring its own unique storyline and adventure with Shaun White.", "Shaun White Snowboarding __knowledge__ There are six mountains in \"Shaun White Snowboarding\", including Alaska, Park City, Europe and Japan.", "Shaun White Skateboarding __knowledge__ Shaun White Skateboarding is a skateboarding game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, and Microsoft Windows, released in 2010.", "Shaun White Skateboarding __knowledge__ It is the third title in the \"Shaun White\" series.", "Shaun White Skateboarding __knowledge__ The following is the complete soundtrack listing from Shaun White Skateboarding.", "Shaun White Skateboarding __knowledge__ The soundtrack of the game was released in 2010 and contains 55 songs by Charm City Devils, Green Day, Kiss, and more.", "Shaun White Skateboarding __knowledge__ The game received \"mixed or average reviews\" on all platforms according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.", "Shaun White Skateboarding __knowledge__ In Japan, \"Famitsu\" gave the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions a score of one eight, one seven, and two eights, for a total of 31 out of 40.", "Bogobe jwa lerotse __knowledge__ Bogobe jwa lerotse is a type of porridge eaten in Botswana.", "Bogobe jwa lerotse __knowledge__ It includes the lerotse melon.", "Shaun White Snowboarding: World Stage __knowledge__ Shaun White Snowboarding: World Stage is a sports video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal for the Wii.", "Shaun White Snowboarding: World Stage __knowledge__ It is the sequel to \"\" and released in November 2009.", "Shaun White Snowboarding: World Stage __knowledge__ Like the previous game, it is compatible with the Wii Balance Board, but the game can also be played with Wii MotionPlus.", "Shaun White Snowboarding: World Stage __knowledge__ There are 13 playable characters, including Shaun White.", "Shaun White Snowboarding: World Stage __knowledge__ There are mountains in 8 different countries.", "Shaun White Snowboarding: World Stage __knowledge__ The game received \"average\" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.", "Survivor Philippines: Palau __knowledge__ Survivor Philippines: Palau is the second season of the Philippine version of the reality television series \"Survivor\".", "Survivor Philippines: Palau __knowledge__ The show started airing on August 17, 2009 on GMA Network.", "Survivor Philippines: Palau __knowledge__ Auditions were held in key cities in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.", "Survivor Philippines: Palau __knowledge__ The winner will receive ₱3,000,000 (around US$65,000), the largest ever cash prize in the history of Philippine reality game shows, and the title \"Pinoy Sole Survivor\".", "Survivor Philippines: Palau __knowledge__ Paolo Bediones returned as the host of the show.", "Survivor Philippines: Palau __knowledge__ Reports of the season being shot in Palau were leaked by local media in the said country when its president, Johnson Toribiong, reversed an order which required members of the Philippine crew to pay US$500 each, saying that the fee was discriminatory and his actions were the result for his desire to promote tourism in his country.", "Bad Things (band) __knowledge__ Bad Things is an American electronic rock band composed of former singer Davis LeDuke, bassist and former Augustana member Jared Palomar, guitarist Anthony Sanudo, former drummer-vocalist Lena Zawaideh, and guitarist Shaun White.", "Bad Things (band) __knowledge__ Bad Things signed to Warner Bros. Records in the summer of 2013.", "Bad Things (band) __knowledge__ Their LP, produced by Rob Schnapf (Beck, Elliott Smith), features the lead single \"Anybody\" released on August 13, 2013.", "Bad Things (band) __knowledge__ Bad Things' self-titled debut album was released on January 21, 2014, via Warner Bros. Records.", "Bad Things (band) __knowledge__ Bad Things consists of front man/lead singer Davis LeDuke, bass player Jared Palomar, guitarist Anthony Sanudo, drummer Lena Zawaideh and lead guitarist Shaun White, the professional snowboarder and skateboarder." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Shaun Roger White (born September 3, 1986) is an American professional snowboarder and skateboarder.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He is a two-time Olympic gold medalist.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He holds the record for the most X-Games gold medals and has won 10 ESPY Awards.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White was born in San Diego, California.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ His ancestry includes Irish and Italian.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He was born with a Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital heart defect for which he endured two open-heart operations before the age of one.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He stands 5'8\" (1.73 m) tall.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White spent his formative years riding Okemo Mountain and Bear Mountain, small ski resorts found in Ludlow, Vermont, and the San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White quickly drew the eyes of many in the skateboarder scene, including professional skateboarder Tony Hawk.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Hawk befriended the nine-year-old White at a local skatepark and mentored him, helping him turn pro in skateboarding at the age of 17.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White has won many titles on his skateboard, including the overall title of Action Sports Tour Champion, and was the first person to compete in and win both the Summer and Winter X Games in two different sports.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Following in his older brother's footsteps, White switched from skiing to snowboarding at age six, and by age seven he received his first sponsorship.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is a single released in 1985 by the Swiss band Yello and featured on their album \"Stella\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song features a mix of electronic music and manipulated vocals.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song gained popularity after being featured in the films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and \"The Secret of My Success\", among other films.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It has become an iconic anthem of the 1980s, and used to metaphorically represent lust (in various forms) and cocaine.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It is a popular staple in movies, television and commercials.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Its 1987 re-released version features the extra lyrics: \"such a good time / a really good time\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Describing the composition of \"Oh Yeah,\" Blank said, \"First I did the music and then I invited Dieter to sing along, and he came up with some lines which I thought, 'no Dieter, it's too complicated, we don't need that many lyrics'.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ Stella is the fourth studio album by the Swiss electronic band Yello, first released in Germany, Switzerland and Austria on 29 January 1985, and in the UK and US in March 1985.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ It was the first album made by the band without founder member Carlos Perón, and with his departure the remaining duo of Boris Blank and Dieter Meier began to move away from experimental electronic sounds towards a more commercial synthpop and cinematic soundtrack style.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ As well as becoming the first album ever by a Swiss group to top the Swiss album chart, it was the band's breakthrough album internationally, helped by the success of the song \"Oh Yeah\", which gained the band worldwide attention the following year after it was prominently featured in the 1986 film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and then a year later in \"The Secret of My Success\".", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ Oh Yeah is a music centre located in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in the Cathedral Quarter.", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ It was founded primarily to support young talented musicians and bands from Northern Ireland and its huge and growing music scene by providing help and promotion, technical equipment for rehearsing, recording, gigs and event organisation, performing space and releases of band compilations (\"Oh Yeah Sessions\").", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ The Oh Yeah music centre's genres are varying in its manifoldness of Alternative rock, Indie rock, Electronica, Post rock, Post punk, Crossover, Experimental rock and further musical stylistic ways and conceptions.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ \"Sexy\" is the fifteenth episode of the second season of the American musical comedy-drama television series \"Glee\", and the thirty-seventh episode overall.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ It was written by Brad Falchuk, directed by Ryan Murphy, and first aired on the Fox network on March 8, 2011.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ The episode mainly revolves around the topics of sex and adolescent sexuality.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ In it, Holly Holliday (Gwyneth Paltrow) returns to McKinley High School as a substitute teacher in a class devoted to sex education.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ Glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) begins to develop feelings for Holly, and guidance counselor and celibacy club advisor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays) is less than pleased with Holly's lessons.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Ferris Bueller's Day Off is a 1986 American teen comedy film written, co-produced, and directed by John Hughes, and co-produced by Tom Jacobson.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ The film stars Matthew Broderick as Ferris Bueller, a high-school slacker who spends a day off from school, with Mia Sara and Alan Ruck.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Ferris regularly \"breaks the fourth wall\" to explain techniques and inner thoughts.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Hughes wrote the screenplay in less than a week.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Filming began in September 1985 and finished in November 1985.", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off __knowledge__ Featuring many landmarks, including the Sears Tower and the Art Institute of Chicago, the film was Hughes' love letter to Chicago: \"I really wanted to capture as much of Chicago as I could.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ MBLAQ (, ; an acronym for Music Boys Live in Absolute Quality) is a South Korean boy group created by South Korean entertainer Rain under J.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ Tune Camp.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ The group consists of Seungho, G.O, and Mir, and formerly Lee Joon and Thunder.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ The group debuted on October 15, 2009, at Rain's Legend of Rainism concert.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ On October 14, 2009, the group released their debut single album, \"Just BLAQ\", which topped various online and offline music charts in South Korea.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ The group then released their first extended play album \"Y\" on May 19, 2010, and on January 10, 2011, MBLAQ released their first studio album, \"BLAQ Style\".", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is the first single from Trinidadian American female hip-hop artist Foxy Brown's third album \"Broken Silence\".", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" was officially released on May 4, 2001 in the United States.", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ Initially, it was released through the mixtape circuit in late 2000 with alternate lyrics- most notably on Foxy Brown's \"Best Of Foxy Brown\" mixtape in 2000, hosted by DJ Envy.", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ The single was unsuccessful, receiving little airplay on urban radio stations (though popular on New York City and the upper East Coast urban stations) and little video rotation on MTV, though it was slightly more successful on BET.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Paul Martin Rodriguez Jr. (born December 31, 1984), also known by his nickname P-Rod, is an American professional street skateboarder and actor.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Rodriguez has won a total of eight medals at the X Games, four of them gold, with the most recent first-place victory occurring in Los Angeles, United States (U.S.) in July 2012.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Rodriguez was born in Tarzana, California, U.S. His father is actor/comedian Paul Rodriguez, and his mother is Laura Martinez.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He also has a sister Nikole, and a brother Lucas.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ As a child, Rodriguez occasionally got to meet celebrities through his father.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ In a later interview, he recounted one such memory: I'll tell you a good story about Mr. T. I believe it was 1988, every year there was a Christmas Day parade in Pasadena [California, US]; I was probably about three-and-a-half, four years-old—I loved Mr. T. He had the cartoon out at the time and all that.", "Shaun Palmer __knowledge__ Shaun Palmer (born November 14, 1968) is an American professional snowboarder, skier, mountain biker, and motocross rider.", "Shaun Palmer __knowledge__ \"Palm Daddy\" is known as one of the forefathers of extreme sports.", "Shaun Palmer __knowledge__ Shaun Palmer (\"Napalm\") was born in South Lake Tahoe on November 14, 1968.", "Shaun Palmer __knowledge__ From a young age, Shaun maintained a strong interest in all things fast.", "Shaun Palmer __knowledge__ His mother told People Magazine in 1999 \"Whether it was on wheels or on a board, it had to be superfast—he had no fear.", "Shaun Palmer __knowledge__ I remember once when he was 13, I had grounded him.", "Shaun Palmer __knowledge__ Well, he jumped out of his second-floor bedroom window, got on his bike and took off.", "Shaun Palmer __knowledge__ He was like that—always pushing the limits.\"", "Antti Autti __knowledge__ Antti-Matias Antero Autti (born March 15, 1985 in Rovaniemi, Finland) is a Finnish snowboarding star who shot to fame when he defeated big-name talents Danny Kass, Andy Finch, and Shaun White in the Men's Superpipe at the 2005 Winter X Games to claim the gold.", "Antti Autti __knowledge__ He is one of two snowboarders, along with Steve Fisher, ever to beat Shaun White in the X Games Superpipe.", "Antti Autti __knowledge__ Autti is the first non-American to win the event.", "Antti Autti __knowledge__ He kicked off his final run with back-to-back 1080s, one of the hardest snowboarding tricks, and is only the third snowboarder to land the sequence in competition, behind Michael McBee and Ross Powers.", "Bad Things (band) __knowledge__ Bad Things is an American electronic rock band composed of former singer Davis LeDuke, bassist and former Augustana member Jared Palomar, guitarist Anthony Sanudo, former drummer-vocalist Lena Zawaideh, and guitarist Shaun White.", "Bad Things (band) __knowledge__ Bad Things signed to Warner Bros. Records in the summer of 2013.", "Bad Things (band) __knowledge__ Their LP, produced by Rob Schnapf (Beck, Elliott Smith), features the lead single \"Anybody\" released on August 13, 2013.", "Bad Things (band) __knowledge__ Bad Things' self-titled debut album was released on January 21, 2014, via Warner Bros. Records.", "Bad Things (band) __knowledge__ Bad Things consists of front man/lead singer Davis LeDuke, bass player Jared Palomar, guitarist Anthony Sanudo, drummer Lena Zawaideh and lead guitarist Shaun White, the professional snowboarder and skateboarder.", "Shaun White Snowboarding __knowledge__ Shaun White Snowboarding is a sports video game for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Wii, Nintendo DS, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Xbox 360 systems.", "Shaun White Snowboarding __knowledge__ It was developed by Ubisoft Montreal, published by Ubisoft, and released in 2008.", "Shaun White Snowboarding __knowledge__ The Wii edition of the game, Shaun White Snowboarding: Road Trip, was developed from the ground up for the system, taking full advantage of the Wii Balance Board accessory and featuring its own unique storyline and adventure with Shaun White.", "Shaun White Snowboarding __knowledge__ There are six mountains in \"Shaun White Snowboarding\", including Alaska, Park City, Europe and Japan.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Snowboarding is a recreational activity and Olympic and Paralympic sport that involves descending a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to a rider's feet.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding, sledding, surfing and skiing.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ It was developed in the United States in the 1960s, became a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and first featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Modern snowboarding began in 1965 when Sherman Poppen, an engineer in Muskegon, Michigan, invented a toy for his daughters by fastening two skis together and attaching a rope to one end so he would have some control as they stood on the board and glided downhill." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Shaun Roger White (born September 3, 1986) is an American professional snowboarder and skateboarder.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He is a two-time Olympic gold medalist.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He holds the record for the most X-Games gold medals and has won 10 ESPY Awards.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White was born in San Diego, California.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ His ancestry includes Irish and Italian.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He was born with a Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital heart defect for which he endured two open-heart operations before the age of one.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He stands 5'8\" (1.73 m) tall.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White spent his formative years riding Okemo Mountain and Bear Mountain, small ski resorts found in Ludlow, Vermont, and the San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White quickly drew the eyes of many in the skateboarder scene, including professional skateboarder Tony Hawk.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Hawk befriended the nine-year-old White at a local skatepark and mentored him, helping him turn pro in skateboarding at the age of 17.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White has won many titles on his skateboard, including the overall title of Action Sports Tour Champion, and was the first person to compete in and win both the Summer and Winter X Games in two different sports.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Following in his older brother's footsteps, White switched from skiing to snowboarding at age six, and by age seven he received his first sponsorship.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The Best Damn Sports Show Period is an American sports television show that aired on Fox Sports Net and Comcast SportsNet.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The show regularly featured irreverent and opinionated interviews with top athletes, coaches, celebrities, and entertainers.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ It also aired \"Top 50\" countdown shows and other sports specialty shows.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ Since its debut on July 23, 2001, \"BDSSP\" welcomed thousands of guests and aired more than 1,300 episodes.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The last original show aired June 30, 2009; however, FSN will tape a handful of \"Top 50\" specials.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The show aired weeknights at 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. local time, usually after \"FSN Final Score\", or later if there was a local live sporting event that ran longer than expected, depending on the region and telecast schedule.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ Damn (stylized as DAMN.)", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ is the fourth studio album by American rapper Kendrick Lamar.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ It was released on April 14, 2017, by Top Dawg Entertainment, Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ The album features production from a variety of record producers, including executive producer and Top Dawg Entertainment label-head Anthony \"Top Dawg\" Tiffith, Sounwave, DJ Dahi, Mike Will Made It and Ricci Riera; as well as further production contributions from James Blake, Steve Lacy, BadBadNotGood, Greg Kurstin, The Alchemist and 9th Wonder, among others.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ \"Damn\" received widespread critical acclaim and topped the charts in the United States and Canada while reaching number two in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The Best Damn Thing is the third studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ It was released on 17 April 2007 by RCA Records.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The album represents a musical departure from her earlier studio album \"Under My Skin\" (2004) which incorporates more elements of post-grunge music.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ \"The Best Damn Thing\" is seen by critics as Lavigne's most commercial effort.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The album was noted as her first effort to feature a wide range of producers for the studio album, including Matt Beckley, Rob Cavallo, Dr. Luke and Lavigne herself who was referenced as the executive producer.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"The Best Damn Thing\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised her transition from grungey alternative rock music to more pop-punk music, with it being catchy and very radio-friendly.", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ Ronald Simmons (born May 15, 1958) is an American retired professional wrestler and football player.", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ He performed for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) under his real name, and in the World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment (WWF/E) under both his real name and the ring names Faarooq Asaad (sometimes spelled Asad) and Faarooq (sometimes spelled Farooq).", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ He is signed with WWE, working in their Legends program.", "Ron Simmons __knowledge__ In WCW, Simmons was a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion; as the first African American to win the title, he is recognized by WWE as the first black world champion in professional wrestling history.", "List of Mighty Magiswords characters __knowledge__ The American animated series \"Mighty Magiswords\" features a diverse fictional cast created by Kyle A. Carrozza.", "List of Mighty Magiswords characters __knowledge__ The series is about Vambre and Prohyas (voiced by Grey Griffin and Kyle Carrozza), a cute and clumsy sibling team of \"Warriors for Hire\", who go on hilarious adventures and crazy quests around the world to find and collect magical swords known as \"Magiswords\".", "List of Mighty Magiswords characters __knowledge__ Prohyas is Vambre's older brother.", "List of Mighty Magiswords characters __knowledge__ He can be just as impulsive as his sister, and will always do the right thing.", "List of Mighty Magiswords characters __knowledge__ Compared to his younger sister, Prohyas is sometimes depicted as the kinder or more emotionally intelligent sibling.", "God of War (2018 video game) __knowledge__ God of War (commonly referred to as God of War 4) is an upcoming third-person action-adventure video game in development by Santa Monica Studio and to be published by Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE).", "God of War (2018 video game) __knowledge__ It is scheduled to be released on April 20, 2018 for PlayStation 4.", "God of War (2018 video game) __knowledge__ It will be the eighth installment in the \"God of War\" series, the eighth chronologically, and the sequel to 2010's \"God of War III\".", "God of War (2018 video game) __knowledge__ The game will be a soft reboot for the franchise and will take the series to the world of Norse mythology—all previous games were based on Greek mythology.", "God of War (2018 video game) __knowledge__ Series protagonist Kratos will return as the main character, and he now has a son named Atreus.", "Mohit Marwah __knowledge__ Mohit Marwah (born 26 August 1984) is a mainstream Bollywood actor, best known for his debut feature film Fugly, produced by Akshay Kumar, and Raag Desh directed by Tigmanshu Dhulia he has appeared in Short Films such as Strangers in the Night produced by Dharma Productions and Directed by Shakun Batra, and in Love Shots produced by Yash Raj Films.", "Mohit Marwah __knowledge__ In 2014, Mohit has been named one of the Best Dressed Men in Bollywood by GQ India.", "Mohit Marwah __knowledge__ Joining his celebrity status as a fashion star, were famous personas as Saif Ali Khan, Abhay Deol, Shahid Kapoor, Neil Nitin Mukesh, and Ayushmann Khurrana.", "Mohit Marwah __knowledge__ He has also featured in GQ India’s spring spread showcasing standout collection from Italian fashion label Gucci.", "Kyle Snyder (wrestler) __knowledge__ Kyle Frederick Snyder (born November 20, 1995) is an American amateur wrestler.", "Kyle Snyder (wrestler) __knowledge__ He is both the youngest Olympic gold medalist as well as the youngest World Champion in American wrestling history.", "Kyle Snyder (wrestler) __knowledge__ Snyder is also the youngest wrestler ever to win the World, NCAA, and Olympic championships in the same year — a sweep that hadn't been accomplished in a generation when he completed this triple crown of American wrestling at the 2016 Rio Olympics.", "Kyle Snyder (wrestler) __knowledge__ Snyder then made more history by becoming the first Olympic gold medalist to return to college and win an NCAA wrestling championship, clinching his second consecutive NCAA heavyweight title in 2017 despite sustaining a rib injury in the quarter-finals and being out-weighed by upwards of 40 pounds throughout the tournament.", "Florida Gators __knowledge__ The Florida Gators are the intercollegiate sports teams that represent the University of Florida located in Gainesville, Florida.", "Florida Gators __knowledge__ The University of Florida, its athletic program, its alumni and its sports fans are often collectively referred to as the \"Gator Nation.\"", "Florida Gators __knowledge__ The Gators compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and are consistently ranked among the top college sports programs in the United States.", "Florida Gators __knowledge__ The University of Florida currently fields teams in nine men's sports and twelve women's sports.", "Florida Gators __knowledge__ All Florida Gators sports teams compete in NCAA Division I, and twenty of the twenty-one Gators teams compete in the SEC.", "Armen Nazaryan __knowledge__ Armen Nazaryan (, born 9 March 1974) is an Armenian Greco-Roman wrestler who later represented Bulgaria.", "Armen Nazaryan __knowledge__ Nazaryan is a two-time Olympic Champion (1996, 2000), a three-time World Champion (2002, 2003, 2005), and a six-time European Champion (1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003).", "Armen Nazaryan __knowledge__ After Armenia regained independence in 1991, Nazaryan became the first Olympic gold medalist for the country.", "Armen Nazaryan __knowledge__ He was recognized by the FILA as the best wrestler of the year in 1998 and 2003.", "Armen Nazaryan __knowledge__ In 2007, Nazaryan was inducted as a member of the FILA Hall of Fame.", "Armen Nazaryan __knowledge__ Nazaryan was born on 9 March 1974 in Masis, Armenia.", "Armen Nazaryan __knowledge__ He started wrestling at the age of eight under the coaching of Robert Nersesyan and entered the Yerevan Sports School in 1987.", "United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The United States, represented by the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, from August 5 to 21, 2016.", "United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ U.S. athletes have appeared in every Summer Olympics edition of the modern era, with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, which they boycotted.", "United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The 2016 Olympics were the third most successful for the United States as far as the medal count (121) and the most successful not held in the United States: St. Louis had 239 total medals won in 1904, and Los Angeles had 174 in 1984.", "United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ These Games also witnessed the thousandth Summer Olympic gold medal for the Americans.", "Association of Volleyball Professionals __knowledge__ The Association of Volleyball Professionals, or AVP, is the United States' premier beach volleyball tour, headquartered in Newport Beach, California.", "Association of Volleyball Professionals __knowledge__ Every U.S. beach volleyball Olympic medalist has toured with the AVP throughout their career, including gold medalists Karch Kiraly, Kent Steffes, Misty May-Treanor, Kerri Walsh Jennings, Todd Rogers and Phil Dalhausser.", "Association of Volleyball Professionals __knowledge__ The 2016 season, the AVP's 33rd, will run from April through September.", "Association of Volleyball Professionals __knowledge__ The season will consist of tour stops in eight cities across the United States, including an FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour Olympic-qualifying event.", "Association of Volleyball Professionals __knowledge__ After a 2010 reorganization overseen by the investment group RJSM Partners, the tour resumed operations on October 22, 2011 in Huntington Beach for its inaugural AVP Championships event.", "Athletics in Jamaica __knowledge__ This article is about the athletics in Jamaica from the early 20th century to the present.", "Athletics in Jamaica __knowledge__ In 80 years, Jamaica has won 42 Commonwealth Golds, 14 World Championship Golds and 17 Olympic gold medals in athletics alone.", "Athletics in Jamaica __knowledge__ Jamaica has a population of 2.85 million people, making it the 137th most populous country in the world.", "Athletics in Jamaica __knowledge__ Some of the first noted sprinters of Jamaican origin were Alfred R. Downer and G. C. Foster.", "Athletics in Jamaica __knowledge__ Downer was Scottish national champion in the 100, 220, and 440 yards events for three consecutive years from 1893, but later lost his amateur status, preventing him from participating further.", "Dawn Harper-Nelson __knowledge__ Dawn Harper-Nelson (born May 13, 1984) is an American track and field athlete who specializes in the 100-meter hurdles.", "Dawn Harper-Nelson __knowledge__ She was the gold medalist in the event at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the silver medalist in the 2012 London Olympic Games and the 2017 World Championships.", "Dawn Harper-Nelson __knowledge__ Dawn Harper is the first American 100-meter hurdler to ever win gold at an Olympics and medal in the following Olympics.", "Dawn Harper-Nelson __knowledge__ She is trained by Bob Kersee, husband of Jackie Joyner-Kersee, six time Olympic medalist also from her hometown of East St. Louis, Illinois.", "Dawn Harper-Nelson __knowledge__ In high school, Dawn showed much promise in the sport by winning her first IHSA 2A State Championship and breaking the Illinois State record in the 100m hurdles her freshman year with a time of 14.03." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Shaun Roger White (born September 3, 1986) is an American professional snowboarder and skateboarder.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He is a two-time Olympic gold medalist.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He holds the record for the most X-Games gold medals and has won 10 ESPY Awards.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White was born in San Diego, California.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ His ancestry includes Irish and Italian.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He was born with a Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital heart defect for which he endured two open-heart operations before the age of one.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ He stands 5'8\" (1.73 m) tall.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White spent his formative years riding Okemo Mountain and Bear Mountain, small ski resorts found in Ludlow, Vermont, and the San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White quickly drew the eyes of many in the skateboarder scene, including professional skateboarder Tony Hawk.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Hawk befriended the nine-year-old White at a local skatepark and mentored him, helping him turn pro in skateboarding at the age of 17.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ White has won many titles on his skateboard, including the overall title of Action Sports Tour Champion, and was the first person to compete in and win both the Summer and Winter X Games in two different sports.", "Shaun White __knowledge__ Following in his older brother's footsteps, White switched from skiing to snowboarding at age six, and by age seven he received his first sponsorship.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ \"Daddy Wouldn’t Buy Me a Bow Wow\" is a song written in 1892 by prolific English songwriter Joseph Tabrar.", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ It was written for, and first performed in 1892 by, Vesta Victoria at the South London Palace, holding a kitten.", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ The same year it was recorded by Silas Leachman for the North American Phonograph Co. of Chicago (Talking Machine Company of Chicago/Chicago Talking Machine).", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ In 1895 Toulouse-Lautrec painted May Belfort singing it.", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ The comedian Arthur Roberts also had success in the 1890s with the song.", "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow __knowledge__ The song featured in the 1934 musical movie \"Evergreen\", sung by Jessie Matthews, and was also revived after World War II.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "Winning streak (sports) __knowledge__ In sports, a winning streak is a consecutive sequence of won games, or won competitions.", "Winning streak (sports) __knowledge__ It can be applied to teams in team sports, and individuals in individual sports.", "Winning streak (sports) __knowledge__ In sports where teams or individuals represent groups such as countries or regions, those groups can also be said to have 'winning streaks' if their representatives win consecutive games or competitions, even if the competitors are different.", "Winning streak (sports) __knowledge__ Streaks can also be applied to specific competitions: for example a competitor who wins an event in three consecutive Olympic Games has an Olympic winning streak, even if they have lost other competitions during the period.", "Sport in Guernsey __knowledge__ Guernsey participates in its own right in the Commonwealth Games.", "Sport in Guernsey __knowledge__ Guernsey participates in the bi-annual Island Games, which it hosted in 1987 and 2003.", "Sport in Guernsey __knowledge__ In sporting events in which Guernsey does not have international representation, when the British Home Nations are competing separately, islanders that do have high athletic skill may choose to compete for any of the Home Nations – there are, however, restrictions on subsequent transfers to represent another Home Nation.", "Sport in Guernsey __knowledge__ The football player Matt Le Tissier for example, tried out for the Scotland national football team but ended up playing for England.", "Michael Phelps __knowledge__ Michael Fred Phelps II (born June 30, 1985) is an American retired competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time, with a total of 28 medals.", "Michael Phelps __knowledge__ Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals (23), Olympic gold medals in individual events (13), and Olympic medals in individual events (16).", "Michael Phelps __knowledge__ When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games, Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games.", "Michael Phelps __knowledge__ At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals.", "Athletics in Jamaica __knowledge__ This article is about the athletics in Jamaica from the early 20th century to the present.", "Athletics in Jamaica __knowledge__ In 80 years, Jamaica has won 42 Commonwealth Golds, 14 World Championship Golds and 17 Olympic gold medals in athletics alone.", "Athletics in Jamaica __knowledge__ Jamaica has a population of 2.85 million people, making it the 137th most populous country in the world.", "Athletics in Jamaica __knowledge__ Some of the first noted sprinters of Jamaican origin were Alfred R. Downer and G. C. Foster.", "Athletics in Jamaica __knowledge__ Downer was Scottish national champion in the 100, 220, and 440 yards events for three consecutive years from 1893, but later lost his amateur status, preventing him from participating further.", "1948 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was held in London, United Kingdom.", "1948 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ After a twelve-year hiatus caused by the outbreak of World War II; these were the first Summer Olympics held since the 1936 Games in Berlin.", "1948 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ The 1940 Olympic Games had been scheduled for Tokyo, and then for Helsinki; the 1944 Olympic Games had been provisionally planned for London.", "1948 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ This was the second occasion that London had hosted the Olympic Games, having previously hosted them in 1908, forty years earlier.", "1948 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ (The Olympics again returned to London 64 years later in 2012, making London the first city to have hosted the games three times, and the only city until Paris and Los Angeles host their third games in 2024 and 2028, respectively.)", "Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics __knowledge__ Australia competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics Games in London, United Kingdom from 29 August to 9 September 2012.", "Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics __knowledge__ The London Games were the biggest Games with 164 nations participating, 19 more than in the 2008 Beijing Paralympic.", "Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics __knowledge__ Australia has participated at every Summer Paralympic Games and hosted the 2000 Sydney Games.", "Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics __knowledge__ As such, the 2000 Sydney Games, regarded as one of the more successful Games, became a point-of-reference and an inspiration in the development of the 2012 London Games.", "Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics __knowledge__ Australia finished 5th in the final medal count with 85 medals: 32 gold medals, 23 silver medals and 30 bronze medals.", "Sport in Pakistan __knowledge__ The most popular sport in Pakistan is cricket, while field hockey, polo, and squash are also popular in Pakistan.", "Sport in Pakistan __knowledge__ Traditional sports like kabaddi and other well-known games are also played.", "Sport in Pakistan __knowledge__ The Pakistan Sports Board was created in 1962 by the Ministry of Education as a corporate body for the purposes of promoting and developing uniform standards of competition in sports in Pakistan comparable to the standards prevailing internationally, and regulating and controlling sports in Pakistan on a national basis.", "Sport in Pakistan __knowledge__ The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, now has control over the Pakistan Sports Board." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 3 ]

[ "Shaun White is an American professional snowboarder and skateboarder, quite the athlete.", "Accomplished and talented, he's actually a two-time Olympic gold medalist.", "Not only that, he holds the record for the most X-Games gold medals too.", "Even more insane, he's won 10 ESPY awards too, I wonder what award he hasn't won." ]

[ "Shaun White", "Shaun White", "Shaun White", "Shaun White" ]

[ "Lightning McQueen", "I have not. Is there a good vs. evil theme in it? ", "What is it about?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ Lightning McQueen, typically referred to by his surname McQueen, is an anthropomorphic stock car in the animated Pixar film \"Cars\" (2006), its sequels \"Cars 2\" (2011), \"Cars 3\" (2017), and TV shorts known as \"Cars Toons.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ The character is not named after actor and race driver Steve McQueen, but actually Pixar animator Glenn McQueen, who died in 2002.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His design is inspired by a stock car and \"a more curvaceous Le Mans endurance racer,\" with \"some Lola and some Ford GT40.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the scene where he helps restore Radiator Springs to its 1950s heyday, he is painted much like a 1950's Chevrolet Corvette C1, once again hinting at his Corvette lineage.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His number was originally set to be 57, Lasseter's birth year, but was changed to 95, the release year of Pixar's first film \"Toy Story\".", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the initial research for the first film, John Lasseter met with General Motors designers to discuss the new Corvette design but subsequent changes to the storyline left both Lightning McQueen and rivals Chick Hicks (\"Cars\") and Bobby Swift, Brick Yardley, Cal Weathers and Jackson Storm (\"Cars 3\") as generic.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ In order to create a cocky but likable character for McQueen, Pixar looked at sports figures like boxer Muhammad Ali, basketball player Charles Barkley, and football quarterback Joe Namath, as well as rap and rock singer Kid Rock." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ Lightning McQueen, typically referred to by his surname McQueen, is an anthropomorphic stock car in the animated Pixar film \"Cars\" (2006), its sequels \"Cars 2\" (2011), \"Cars 3\" (2017), and TV shorts known as \"Cars Toons.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ The character is not named after actor and race driver Steve McQueen, but actually Pixar animator Glenn McQueen, who died in 2002.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His design is inspired by a stock car and \"a more curvaceous Le Mans endurance racer,\" with \"some Lola and some Ford GT40.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the scene where he helps restore Radiator Springs to its 1950s heyday, he is painted much like a 1950's Chevrolet Corvette C1, once again hinting at his Corvette lineage.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His number was originally set to be 57, Lasseter's birth year, but was changed to 95, the release year of Pixar's first film \"Toy Story\".", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the initial research for the first film, John Lasseter met with General Motors designers to discuss the new Corvette design but subsequent changes to the storyline left both Lightning McQueen and rivals Chick Hicks (\"Cars\") and Bobby Swift, Brick Yardley, Cal Weathers and Jackson Storm (\"Cars 3\") as generic.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ In order to create a cocky but likable character for McQueen, Pixar looked at sports figures like boxer Muhammad Ali, basketball player Charles Barkley, and football quarterback Joe Namath, as well as rap and rock singer Kid Rock.", "Mythology of Carnivàle __knowledge__ \"Carnivàle\" is an American television series set in the United States during the Great Depression.", "Mythology of Carnivàle __knowledge__ The series traces the disparate storylines of a young carnival worker named Ben Hawkins and Brother Justin Crowe, a preacher in California.", "Mythology of Carnivàle __knowledge__ The overarching story is built around a good and evil theme, which serves as a human-scaled metaphor within a complex structure of myth and allegory.", "Mythology of Carnivàle __knowledge__ Samson, the carnival's dwarf manager, sets up the show's mythology with a prologue in the pilot episode, talking of \"a creature of light and a creature of darkness\" being born \"to each generation\" preparing for a final battle.", "Good vs. Evil II: The Red Empire __knowledge__ Good vs.", "Good vs. Evil II: The Red Empire __knowledge__ Evil II: The Red Empire is the fourth studio album by American rapper KXNG Crooked (formerly known as Crooked I).", "Good vs. Evil II: The Red Empire __knowledge__ The album was released on December 8, 2017 through Treacherous C.O.B.", "Good vs. Evil II: The Red Empire __knowledge__ and Empire Distribution.", "Good vs. Evil II: The Red Empire __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances by Royce da 5'9\", Styles P, Jay Townsend, among others.", "Good vs. Evil II: The Red Empire __knowledge__ On March 20, 2017, Crooked I posted an image via social media with the caption \"Burnin incense to set the vibe.. GVE2\", which suggested a sequel to his previous album \"Good vs Evil\".", "Good vs. Evil II: The Red Empire __knowledge__ On March 28, 2017, Crooked I confirmed on Twitter that his upcoming album would indeed be a sequel to \"Good vs.", "The Gathering (Carmody novel) __knowledge__ The Gathering is an allegorical Australian young adults' novel written by fantasy author Isobelle Carmody.", "The Gathering (Carmody novel) __knowledge__ The book was published by Puffin Books Australia in 1993, \"The Gathering\" has sold over 70 000 copies in Australia and New Zealand alone.", "The Gathering (Carmody novel) __knowledge__ The book was a joint recipient of the 1993 Children's Peace Literature Award and was also named Book of the Year in 1994 by the Children's Book Council of Australia.", "The Gathering (Carmody novel) __knowledge__ In 1994, the novel was also integrated into the literature curriculum for the junior years of Secondary Education in the Australian state of Victoria.", "The Gathering (Carmody novel) __knowledge__ The novel is narrated by Nathanial Delaney, a teenage boy with a self-confessed Hamlet complex and social ineptitude, which can be credited to his lack of a stable environment; he and his mother have been moving frequently since the divorce of his parents.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In religion, ethics, philosophy, and psychology \"good and evil\" is a very common dichotomy.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In cultures with Manichaean and Abrahamic religious influence, evil is usually perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good, in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated.", "Good and evil __knowledge__ In cultures with Buddhist spiritual influence, both good and evil are perceived as part of an antagonistic duality that itself must be overcome through achieving \"Śūnyatā\" meaning emptiness in the sense of recognition of good and evil being two opposing principles but not a reality, emptying the duality of them, and achieving a oneness.", "G.I. Joe __knowledge__ G.I.", "G.I. Joe __knowledge__ Joe is a line of action figures produced and owned by the toy company Hasbro.", "G.I. Joe __knowledge__ The initial product offering represented four of the branches of the U.S. armed forces with the Action Soldier (U.S. Army), Action Sailor (U.S. Navy), Action Pilot (Air Force), Action Marine (Marine Corps) and later on, the Action Nurse.", "G.I. Joe __knowledge__ The name derived from the usage of \"G.I.", "G.I. Joe __knowledge__ Joe\" for the generic U.S. soldier, itself derived from the more general term \"G.I.\".", "G.I. Joe __knowledge__ The development of G.I.", "G.I. Joe __knowledge__ Joe led to the coining of the term \"action figure\".", "G.I. Joe __knowledge__ G.I.", "G.I. Joe __knowledge__ Joe's appeal to children has made it an American icon among toys.", "G.I. Joe __knowledge__ The G.I.", "Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) __knowledge__ Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) is the fourth studio album by American rock band Marilyn Manson.", "Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) __knowledge__ It was released on November 11, 2000 by Nothing and Interscope Records.", "Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) __knowledge__ A rock opera concept album, it is the final installment of a triptych that also included \"Antichrist Superstar\" (1996), and marked a return to the industrial metal style of the band's earlier work, after the glam rock-influenced production of \"Mechanical Animals\" (1998).", "Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) __knowledge__ After its release, the band's eponymous vocalist said that the overarching story within the trilogy is presented in reverse chronological order: \"Holy Wood\", therefore, begins the narrative.", "Evil __knowledge__ Evil, in a general context, is the absence or opposite of that which is described as being good.", "Evil __knowledge__ Often, evil denotes profound immorality.", "Evil __knowledge__ In certain religious contexts, evil has been described as a supernatural force.", "Evil __knowledge__ Definitions of evil vary, as does the analysis of its motives.", "Evil __knowledge__ However, elements that are commonly associated with evil involve unbalanced behavior involving anger, revenge, fear, hatred, psychological trauma, expediency, selfishness, ignorance, or neglect.", "Evil __knowledge__ In cultures with an Abrahamic religious influence, evil is usually perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good, in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Pixar franchise \"Cars\", as well as the Disney franchise \"Planes\", which is set in the same fictional universe: Lightning McQueen, often referred to as \"McQueen\", is the main character in \"Cars\" and \"Cars 3\".", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Owen Wilson.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ McQueen is not modeled directly after a specific make and model, although his design contains some elements inspired by the Chevrolet Corvette C6.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ His Corvette lineage is further suggested by the \"retro\" paint scheme he acquires in Radiator Springs, which resembles that of a Corvette C1.", "List of Cars characters __knowledge__ Mack (voiced by John Ratzenberger) is a 1985 Mack Super-Liner bearing license plate \"RUSTEZ3\".", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ Cars is a CGI-animated film series and Disney media franchise set in a world populated by anthropomorphic vehicles created by John Lasseter.", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ The franchise began with the 2006 film of the same name, produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ The film was followed by a sequel in 2011.", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ A third film was released in 2017.", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ DisneyToon Studios produced the spin-off films \"Planes\" (2013) and \"\" (2014).", "Cars (franchise) __knowledge__ The first two \"Cars\" films were directed by John Lasseter, the chief creative officer of Pixar, Walt Disney Animation Studios, and DisneyToon Studios, while \"Cars 3\" was directed by Brian Fee, a storyboard artist on the previous installments.", "Cars (film) __knowledge__ Cars is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy-adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Cars (film) __knowledge__ Directed and co-written by John Lasseter, it is Pixar's final independently-produced motion picture before its purchase by Disney in May 2006.", "Cars (film) __knowledge__ Set in a world populated entirely by anthropomorphic cars and other vehicles, the film stars the voices of Owen Wilson, Paul Newman (in his final acting role), Bonnie Hunt, Larry the Cable Guy, Tony Shalhoub, Cheech Marin, Michael Wallis, George Carlin, Paul Dooley, Jenifer Lewis, Guido Quaroni, Michael Keaton, Katherine Helmond and John Ratzenberger.", "Mater (Cars) __knowledge__ Sir Tow Mater, KBE most commonly referred to as Tow Mater or simply Mater is a major character in \"Cars\" and its sequels, \"Cars 2\" and \"Cars 3\" as well as \"Cars Toons\".", "Mater (Cars) __knowledge__ He is voiced by Larry the Cable Guy and inspired by a 1956-57 International Harvester tow truck.", "Mater (Cars) __knowledge__ Portrayed as Holley Shiftwell's boyfriend and best friend and Lightning McQueen's best friend and sidekick, he had a breakout role in \"Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales\" and in other media related to \"Cars\".", "Mater (Cars) __knowledge__ Mater's design is based on a 1956-57 chevrolet tow truck once used to lift equipment from mine shafts in Cherokee County, Kansas.", "Mater (Cars) __knowledge__ The Route 66 town of Galena is named for the lead sulphite ore galena, to which the series of small mining towns around Baxter Springs owe their boom and subsequent bust.", "Cars 3 __knowledge__ Cars 3 is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated sports comedy-drama film produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Cars 3 __knowledge__ Directed by Brian Fee in his directorial debut, the screenplay was written by Kiel Murray, Bob Peterson and Mike Rich.", "Cars 3 __knowledge__ The film is the sequel to \"Cars\" and \"Cars 2\".", "Cars 3 __knowledge__ The returning voices of Owen Wilson, Bonnie Hunt and Larry the Cable Guy are joined by Cristela Alonzo, Chris Cooper, Armie Hammer, Nathan Fillion, Kerry Washington and Lea DeLaria, in addition to a dozen NASCAR personalities.", "Cars 3 __knowledge__ In the film, Lightning McQueen sets out to prove to a new generation of high tech race cars that he is still the best race car in the world.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ Cars 2 is a 2011 American computer-animated action-adventure comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2006's \"Cars\", and features the voices of Owen Wilson, Larry the Cable Guy, Michael Caine, Emily Mortimer, John Turturro, and Eddie Izzard.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ In the film, race car Lightning McQueen and tow truck Mater head to Japan and Europe to compete in the World Grand Prix, but Mater becomes sidetracked with international espionage.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ The film was directed by John Lasseter, written by Ben Queen, and produced by Denise Ream.", "Cars 2 __knowledge__ \"Cars 2\" was released in the United States on June 24, 2011." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ Lightning McQueen, typically referred to by his surname McQueen, is an anthropomorphic stock car in the animated Pixar film \"Cars\" (2006), its sequels \"Cars 2\" (2011), \"Cars 3\" (2017), and TV shorts known as \"Cars Toons.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ The character is not named after actor and race driver Steve McQueen, but actually Pixar animator Glenn McQueen, who died in 2002.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His design is inspired by a stock car and \"a more curvaceous Le Mans endurance racer,\" with \"some Lola and some Ford GT40.\"", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the scene where he helps restore Radiator Springs to its 1950s heyday, he is painted much like a 1950's Chevrolet Corvette C1, once again hinting at his Corvette lineage.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ His number was originally set to be 57, Lasseter's birth year, but was changed to 95, the release year of Pixar's first film \"Toy Story\".", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ During the initial research for the first film, John Lasseter met with General Motors designers to discuss the new Corvette design but subsequent changes to the storyline left both Lightning McQueen and rivals Chick Hicks (\"Cars\") and Bobby Swift, Brick Yardley, Cal Weathers and Jackson Storm (\"Cars 3\") as generic.", "Lightning McQueen __knowledge__ In order to create a cocky but likable character for McQueen, Pixar looked at sports figures like boxer Muhammad Ali, basketball player Charles Barkley, and football quarterback Joe Namath, as well as rap and rock singer Kid Rock.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Pixar (), also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios, is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group, part of the Lucasfilm computer division, before its spin-out as a corporation in 1986, with funding by Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs, who became the majority shareholder.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion, a transaction that resulted in Jobs becoming Disney's largest single shareholder at the time.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Pixar is best known for CGI-animated feature films created with RenderMan, Pixar's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface, used to generate high-quality images.", "Finding Nemo __knowledge__ Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Finding Nemo __knowledge__ Written and directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Lee Unkrich, the film stars the voices of Albert Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, Alexander Gould, and Willem Dafoe.", "Finding Nemo __knowledge__ It tells the story of the overprotective ocellaris clownfish named Marlin who, along with a regal blue tang named Dory, searches for his abducted son Nemo all the way to Sydney Harbour.", "Finding Nemo __knowledge__ Along the way, Marlin learns to take risks and comes to terms with Nemo taking care of himself.", "Finding Nemo __knowledge__ \"Finding Nemo\" was released on May 30, 2003, and has received universal critical acclaim since.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ Walt Disney Animation Studios (WDAS), also referred to as Disney Animation, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, is an American animation studio that creates animated feature films, short films, and television specials for The Walt Disney Company.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ Founded on October 16, 1923, it is a division of The Walt Disney Studios.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ The studio has produced 56 feature films, from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937) to \"Moana\" (2016).", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ It was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in 1923 and incorporated as Walt Disney Productions in 1929.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ The studio was exclusively dedicated to producing short films until it expanded into feature production in 1934.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated buddy comedy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ The directorial debut of John Lasseter, \"Toy Story\" was the first feature-length computer-animated film and the first feature film produced by Pixar.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ Taking place in a world where anthropomorphic toys pretend to be lifeless whenever humans are present, the film's plot focuses on the relationship between Woody, an old-fashioned pullstring cowboy doll (voiced by Tom Hanks), and Buzz Lightyear, an astronaut action figure (voiced by Tim Allen), as they evolve from rivals competing for the affections of Andy, their owner, to friends who work together to be reunited with Andy as his family prepares to move to a new home.", "List of Pixar films __knowledge__ This is a list of films from Pixar, an American CGI film production company based in Emeryville, California, United States.", "List of Pixar films __knowledge__ As of , Pixar has released 19 feature films, which were all released under the Walt Disney Pictures banner.", "List of Pixar films __knowledge__ The company produced its first feature-length film, \"Toy Story\", in 1995.", "List of Pixar films __knowledge__ Their second production, \"A Bug's Life\", was released in 1998, followed by their first sequel, \"Toy Story 2\", in 1999.", "List of Pixar films __knowledge__ With the exception of \"Cars 2\" (2011), fifteen of the following sixteen features were all critically successful.", "List of Pixar films __knowledge__ Pixar had two releases in a single year twice: \"Inside Out\" and \"The Good Dinosaur\" in 2015 and \"Cars 3\" and \"Coco\" in 2017.", "Cars (film) __knowledge__ Cars is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy-adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Cars (film) __knowledge__ Directed and co-written by John Lasseter, it is Pixar's final independently-produced motion picture before its purchase by Disney in May 2006.", "Cars (film) __knowledge__ Set in a world populated entirely by anthropomorphic cars and other vehicles, the film stars the voices of Owen Wilson, Paul Newman (in his final acting role), Bonnie Hunt, Larry the Cable Guy, Tony Shalhoub, Cheech Marin, Michael Wallis, George Carlin, Paul Dooley, Jenifer Lewis, Guido Quaroni, Michael Keaton, Katherine Helmond and John Ratzenberger.", "Ratatouille (film) __knowledge__ Ratatouille (; ) is a 2007 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar and released by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution.", "Ratatouille (film) __knowledge__ It is the eighth film produced by Pixar and was co-written and directed by Brad Bird, who took over from Jan Pinkava in 2005.", "Ratatouille (film) __knowledge__ The title refers to a French dish, \"ratatouille\", which is served at the end of the film and is also a play on words about the species of the main character.", "Ratatouille (film) __knowledge__ The film stars the voices of Patton Oswalt as Remy, an anthropomorphic rat who is interested in cooking; Lou Romano as Linguini, a young garbage boy who befriends Remy; Ian Holm as Skinner, the head chef of Auguste Gusteau's restaurant; Janeane Garofalo as Colette, a rôtisseur at Gusteau's restaurant; Peter O'Toole as Anton Ego, a restaurant critic; Brian Dennehy as Django, Remy's father and leader of his clan; Peter Sohn as Emile, Remy's older brother; and Brad Garrett as Auguste Gusteau, a recently deceased chef." ] ]

[ 1, 58, 33 ]

[ "I was just watching Cars with my kid, I really like the character Lightning McQueen. Are you familiar with it?", "Sort of, it was produced by Pixar studios so it's not too violent or anything, but it's fun to watch.", "It's basically a world of anthropomorphic cars and other vehicles, and they have races and a rivalry develops. Owen wilson and Larry the Cable Guy do some of the voices." ]

[ "Lightning McQueen", "Lightning McQueen", "Lightning McQueen" ]

[ "Tuesday", "So according to the International standard ISO, they week starts on Monday?", "Do all the names of the days of the week derive from old english?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tuesday __knowledge__ Tuesday is a day of the week occurring after Monday and before Wednesday.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ According to international standard ISO 8601, it is the second day of the week.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ According to some commonly used calendars, however, especially in the United States, it is the third day of the week.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ The English name is derived from Old English \"Tiwesdæg\" and Middle English \"Tewesday,\" meaning \"Tīw's Day\", the day of Tiw or Týr, the god of single combat, victory and heroic glory in Norse mythology.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ Tiw was equated with Mars in the interpretatio germanica, and the name of the day is a translation of Latin \"dies Martis\".", "Tuesday __knowledge__ The name \"Tuesday\" derives from the Old English \"Tiwesdæg\" and literally means \"Tiw's Day\".", "Tuesday __knowledge__ Tiw is the Old English form of the Proto-Germanic god \"*Tîwaz\", or Týr in Old Norse.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ \"*Tîwaz\" derives from the Proto-Indo-European base \"*dei-\", \"*deyā-\", \"*dīdyā-\", meaning 'to shine', whence comes also such words as \"deity\".", "Tuesday __knowledge__ The Latin name \"dies Martis\" (\"day of Mars\") is equivalent to the Greek ἡμέρα Ἄρεως.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ In most languages with Latin origins (Italian, French, Spanish, Catalan, Romanian, Galician, Sardinian, Corsican, but not Portuguese), the day is named after Mars, the Ancient Greek Ares Ἄρης .", "Tuesday __knowledge__ In some Slavic languages the word Tuesday originated from Old Church Slavonic word \"въторъ\" meaning \"\"the second\"\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tuesday __knowledge__ Tuesday is a day of the week occurring after Monday and before Wednesday.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ According to international standard ISO 8601, it is the second day of the week.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ According to some commonly used calendars, however, especially in the United States, it is the third day of the week.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ The English name is derived from Old English \"Tiwesdæg\" and Middle English \"Tewesday,\" meaning \"Tīw's Day\", the day of Tiw or Týr, the god of single combat, victory and heroic glory in Norse mythology.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ Tiw was equated with Mars in the interpretatio germanica, and the name of the day is a translation of Latin \"dies Martis\".", "Tuesday __knowledge__ The name \"Tuesday\" derives from the Old English \"Tiwesdæg\" and literally means \"Tiw's Day\".", "Tuesday __knowledge__ Tiw is the Old English form of the Proto-Germanic god \"*Tîwaz\", or Týr in Old Norse.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ \"*Tîwaz\" derives from the Proto-Indo-European base \"*dei-\", \"*deyā-\", \"*dīdyā-\", meaning 'to shine', whence comes also such words as \"deity\".", "Tuesday __knowledge__ The Latin name \"dies Martis\" (\"day of Mars\") is equivalent to the Greek ἡμέρα Ἄρεως.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ In most languages with Latin origins (Italian, French, Spanish, Catalan, Romanian, Galician, Sardinian, Corsican, but not Portuguese), the day is named after Mars, the Ancient Greek Ares Ἄρης .", "Tuesday __knowledge__ In some Slavic languages the word Tuesday originated from Old Church Slavonic word \"въторъ\" meaning \"\"the second\"\".", "MP3 __knowledge__ MP3 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III) is an audio coding format for digital audio.", "MP3 __knowledge__ Originally defined as the third audio format of the MPEG-1 standard, it was retained and further extended—defining additional bit rates and support for more audio channels—as the third audio format of the subsequent MPEG-2 standard.", "MP3 __knowledge__ A third version, known as MPEG 2.5—extended to better support lower bit rates—is commonly implemented, but is not a recognized standard.", "MP3 __knowledge__ MP3 (or mp3) as a file format commonly designates files containing an elementary stream of MPEG-1 audio and video encoded data, without other complexities of the MP3 standard.", "ISO standards for trailer connectors __knowledge__ A number of ISO standards cover trailer connectors, the electrical connectors between vehicles and the trailers they tow that provide a means of control for the trailers.", "ISO standards for trailer connectors __knowledge__ These are listed below, with notes on significant deviations from them that can cause problems.", "ISO standards for trailer connectors __knowledge__ In Europe, both 7-pin (ISO 1724) and 13-pin (ISO 11446) are common.", "ISO standards for trailer connectors __knowledge__ The reason that the 13-pin exists is that the 7-pin is not able to provide all expected services.", "ISO standards for trailer connectors __knowledge__ These connectors are designed for 12V, but exceptions may exist where both 6V and 24V exists.", "ISO standards for trailer connectors __knowledge__ Vehicles and trailers with 6V can use the 7-pin or 5-pin connector, but these are rare today.", "Film speed __knowledge__ Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light, determined by sensitometry and measured on various numerical scales, the most recent being the ISO system.", "Film speed __knowledge__ A closely related ISO system is used to describe the relationship between exposure and output image lightness in digital cameras.", "Film speed __knowledge__ Relatively insensitive film, with a correspondingly lower speed index, requires more exposure to light to produce the same image density as a more sensitive film, and is thus commonly termed a \"slow film\".", "Film speed __knowledge__ Highly sensitive films are correspondingly termed \"fast films\".", "Film speed __knowledge__ In both digital and film photography, the reduction of exposure corresponding to use of higher sensitivities generally leads to reduced image quality (via coarser film grain or higher image noise of other types).", "Standardization of Office Open XML __knowledge__ The Office Open XML file formats were standardised between December 2006 and November 2008, first by the Ecma International consortium (where they became ECMA-376), and subsequently, after a contentious standardization process, by the ISO/IEC's Joint Technical Committee 1 (where they became ISO/IEC 29500:2008).", "Standardization of Office Open XML __knowledge__ More than a year after being asked by the European Union to standardize their Office 2003 XML formats, Microsoft submitted 2,000 pages of documentation for a new file format to the Ecma International consortium for it to be made into an open standard.", "Standardization of Office Open XML __knowledge__ Ecma formed in December 2005 a technical committee (TC45) in order to produce and maintain a \"formal standard for office productivity applications that is fully compatible with the Office Open XML Formats, submitted by Microsoft\".", "International Standard Book Number __knowledge__ The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique numeric commercial book identifier.", "International Standard Book Number __knowledge__ An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a book.", "International Standard Book Number __knowledge__ For example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN.", "International Standard Book Number __knowledge__ The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, and 10 digits long if assigned before 2007.", "International Standard Book Number __knowledge__ The method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country.", "International Standard Book Number __knowledge__ The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) created in 1966.", "ISO week date __knowledge__ The ISO week date system is effectively a leap week calendar system that is part of the ISO 8601 date and time standard issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) since 1988 (last revised in 2004) and, before that, it was defined in ISO (R) 2015 since 1971.", "ISO week date __knowledge__ It is used (mainly) in government and business for fiscal years, as well as in timekeeping.", "ISO week date __knowledge__ This was previously known as \"Industrial date coding\".", "ISO week date __knowledge__ The system specifies a \"week year\" atop the Gregorian calendar by defining a notation for ordinal weeks of the year.", "ISO week date __knowledge__ The Gregorian leap cycle, which has 97 leap days spread across 400 years, contains a whole number of weeks ().", "ISO 8601 __knowledge__ ISO 8601 \"Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation of dates and times\" is an international standard covering the exchange of date- and time-related data.", "ISO 8601 __knowledge__ It was issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and was first published in 1988.", "ISO 8601 __knowledge__ The purpose of this standard is to provide an unambiguous and well-defined method of representing dates and times, so as to avoid misinterpretation of numeric representations of dates and times, particularly when data are transferred between countries with different conventions for writing numeric dates and times.", "Sunday __knowledge__ Sunday is the day of the week after Saturday but before Monday.", "Sunday __knowledge__ Sunday is a day of rest in most Western countries, as a part of the weekend.", "Sunday __knowledge__ For most observant Christians, Sunday is observed as a day of worship and rest, holding it as the Lord's Day and the day of Christ's resurrection.", "Sunday __knowledge__ In the United States, Canada, and Japan, as well as some Muslim countries and Israel, Sunday is the first work day of the week.", "Sunday __knowledge__ According to the Hebrew calendars and traditional Christian calendars, Sunday is the first day of the week.", "Sunday __knowledge__ However, according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 8601, Sunday is the seventh and last day of the week." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tuesday __knowledge__ Tuesday is a day of the week occurring after Monday and before Wednesday.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ According to international standard ISO 8601, it is the second day of the week.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ According to some commonly used calendars, however, especially in the United States, it is the third day of the week.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ The English name is derived from Old English \"Tiwesdæg\" and Middle English \"Tewesday,\" meaning \"Tīw's Day\", the day of Tiw or Týr, the god of single combat, victory and heroic glory in Norse mythology.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ Tiw was equated with Mars in the interpretatio germanica, and the name of the day is a translation of Latin \"dies Martis\".", "Tuesday __knowledge__ The name \"Tuesday\" derives from the Old English \"Tiwesdæg\" and literally means \"Tiw's Day\".", "Tuesday __knowledge__ Tiw is the Old English form of the Proto-Germanic god \"*Tîwaz\", or Týr in Old Norse.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ \"*Tîwaz\" derives from the Proto-Indo-European base \"*dei-\", \"*deyā-\", \"*dīdyā-\", meaning 'to shine', whence comes also such words as \"deity\".", "Tuesday __knowledge__ The Latin name \"dies Martis\" (\"day of Mars\") is equivalent to the Greek ἡμέρα Ἄρεως.", "Tuesday __knowledge__ In most languages with Latin origins (Italian, French, Spanish, Catalan, Romanian, Galician, Sardinian, Corsican, but not Portuguese), the day is named after Mars, the Ancient Greek Ares Ἄρης .", "Tuesday __knowledge__ In some Slavic languages the word Tuesday originated from Old Church Slavonic word \"въторъ\" meaning \"\"the second\"\".", "Anglo-Saxon paganism __knowledge__ Anglo-Saxon paganism, sometimes termed Anglo-Saxon heathenism, Anglo-Saxon pre-Christian religion, or Anglo-Saxon traditional religion, refers to the religious beliefs and practices followed by the Anglo-Saxons between the 5th and 8th centuries AD, during the initial period of Early Medieval England.", "Anglo-Saxon paganism __knowledge__ A variant of the Germanic paganism found across much of north-western Europe, it encompassed a heterogeneous variety of disparate beliefs and cultic practices, with much regional variation.", "Anglo-Saxon paganism __knowledge__ Developing from the earlier Iron Age religion of continental northern Europe, it was introduced to Britain following the Anglo-Saxon migration in the mid 5th century, and remained the dominant belief system in England until the Christianisation of its kingdoms between the 7th and 8th centuries, with some aspects gradually blending into folklore.", "Old English literature __knowledge__ Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature, encompasses literature written in Old English, in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066.", "Old English literature __knowledge__ \"Cædmon's Hymn\", composed in the 7th century, according to Bede, is often considered the oldest extant poem in English, whereas the later poem, \"The Grave\" is one of the final poems written in Old English, and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English.", "Old English literature __knowledge__ The \"Peterborough Chronicle\" can also be considered a late-period text, continuing into the 12th century.", "Old English literature __knowledge__ The poem \"Beowulf\", which often begins the traditional canon of English literature, is the most famous work of Old English literature.", "Odin __knowledge__ In Germanic mythology, Odin (from Old Norse \"Óðinn\") is a widely revered god.", "Odin __knowledge__ In Norse mythology, from which stems most of the information about the god, Odin is associated with wisdom, healing, death, royalty, the gallows, knowledge, battle, sorcery, poetry, frenzy, and the runic alphabet, and is the husband of the goddess Frigg.", "Odin __knowledge__ In wider Germanic mythology and paganism, Odin was known in Old English as Wōden, in Old Saxon as Wōdan, and in Old High German as Wuotan or Wōtan, all stemming from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic theonym *wōđanaz.", "Odin __knowledge__ Odin is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples, from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania through the tribal expansions of the Migration Period and the Viking Age.", "Phonological history of Old English __knowledge__ The phonological system of the Old English language underwent many changes during the period of its existence.", "Phonological history of Old English __knowledge__ These included a number of vowel shifts, and the palatalization of velar consonants in many positions.", "Phonological history of Old English __knowledge__ For historical developments prior to the Old English period, see Proto-Germanic language.", "Phonological history of Old English __knowledge__ Various conventions are used below for describing Old English words, reconstructed parent forms of various sorts and reconstructed Proto-West-Germanic (PWG), Proto-Germanic (PG) and Proto-Indo-European (PIE) forms: The following table indicates the correspondence between spelling and pronunciation transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet.", "Old English __knowledge__ Old English (), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.", "Old English __knowledge__ It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers probably in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century.", "Old English __knowledge__ After the Norman conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, as the language of the upper classes by Anglo-Norman, a relative of French.", "Old English __knowledge__ This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era, as during this period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into a phase known now as Middle English.", "Middle English __knowledge__ Middle English (ME) is collectively the varieties of the English language spoken after the Norman Conquest (1066) until the late 15th century; scholarly opinion varies but the Oxford English Dictionary specifies the period of 1150 to 1500.", "Middle English __knowledge__ This stage of the development of the English language roughly followed the High to the Late Middle Ages.", "Middle English __knowledge__ Middle English developed out of Late Old English, seeing many dramatic changes in its grammar, pronunciation and orthography.", "Middle English __knowledge__ Writing customs during Middle English times varied widely, but by the end of the period, about 1470, aided by the invention of the printing press, a standard based on the London dialect (Chancery Standard) had become established.", "Anglo-Saxons __knowledge__ The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century.", "Anglo-Saxons __knowledge__ They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language.", "Anglo-Saxons __knowledge__ Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest.", "Anglo-Saxons __knowledge__ The early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds.", "Mars (mythology) __knowledge__ In ancient Roman religion and myth, Mars (, ) was the god of war and also an agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early Rome.", "Mars (mythology) __knowledge__ He was second in importance only to Jupiter and he was the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the Roman army.", "Mars (mythology) __knowledge__ Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him (Latin \"Martius\"), and in October, which began the season for military campaigning and ended the season for farming.", "Mars (mythology) __knowledge__ Under the influence of Greek culture, Mars was identified with the Greek god Ares, whose myths were reinterpreted in Roman literature and art under the name of Mars.", "Týr __knowledge__ Týr (; Old Norse: \"Týr\" ) is a Germanic god associated with law and heroic glory in Norse mythology, portrayed as one-handed.", "Týr __knowledge__ Corresponding names in other Germanic languages are Gothic Teiws, Old English Tīw and Old High German Ziu and Cyo, all from Proto-Germanic .", "Týr __knowledge__ The Latinised name is rendered as Tius or Tio and also formally as Mars Thincsus.", "Týr __knowledge__ In the late Icelandic Eddas, Týr is portrayed, alternately, as the son of Odin (Prose Edda) or of Hymir (Poetic Edda), while the origins of his name and his possible relationship to Tuisto (see Tacitus' \"Germania\") suggest he was once considered the father of the gods and head of the pantheon, since his name is ultimately cognate to that of \"*Dyeus\" (cf.", "Godalming Hundred __knowledge__ Godalming was an ancient hundred in the south west of the county of Surrey, England.", "Godalming Hundred __knowledge__ It corresponds to the central third of the current borough of Waverley and some parts of the current borough of Guildford.", "Godalming Hundred __knowledge__ Broadly speaking it extended from Guildown in the north to the border with Sussex in the south.", "Godalming Hundred __knowledge__ Local people maintain the notion of the hundred, sometimes colloquially referred to as \"Godhelmia\", mainly because of the predominance of north/south routes of communication through the area that have existed since ancient times.", "Godalming Hundred __knowledge__ As recently as 1995 there were proposals (from Surrey County Council) to recreate a local government unit based on the old hundred borders.", "Tactical Imagery-Intelligence Wing __knowledge__ Tactical Imagery-Intelligence Wing (TIW) is a 1 Group \"Force Element\", based at RAF Marham.", "Tactical Imagery-Intelligence Wing __knowledge__ TIW is responsible for the processing and exploitation of fast-jet electro-optical imagery, on deployed operations, exercises and routine training.", "Tactical Imagery-Intelligence Wing __knowledge__ Fast-jet imagery has been analysed from the Raptor pod on the Tornado GR4 and the Digital Joint Reconnaissance Pod on the Jaguar, Harrier and Tornado GR4.", "Tactical Imagery-Intelligence Wing __knowledge__ TIW is also responsible for providing specialist training of all Imagery Analysts within 1 Group.", "Tactical Imagery-Intelligence Wing __knowledge__ TIW formed in April 2002 from II (AC), XIII and 39 (1 PRU) Sqn RICs (Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre).", "Tactical Imagery-Intelligence Wing __knowledge__ No." ] ]

[ 2, 6, 4 ]

[ "many people think of tuesday as the third day of the week but according to international standard ISO, it is the second day of the week!", "yes. also the name tuesday derives from the old english \"tiwesdæg\" and that means \"tiw's day\"", "im not sure about other days but youre probably wondering what tiw is, tiws day was the day of tiw or tyr. tiw is the god of single combat, victory and heoric glory in norse mythology." ]

[ "Tuesday", "Tuesday", "Tuesday" ]

[ "Rancid (band)", "Rancid is pretty good. I like the ska punk and pop punk myself. Like The Offspring or Greenday. You ever listen to them?", "Yeah. I remember listening to the Pistols and Black Flag as well as Rancid. It was a bit before my time but thats what iTunes is for, right? :D" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid is an American punk rock band formed in Berkeley, California in 1991.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Founded by 1980s punk veterans Tim Armstrong, and Matt Freeman, who previously played in the highly influential ska punk band Operation Ivy, Rancid is often credited (along with Green Day and The Offspring) for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States and bringing punk rock into the mainstream during the mid-1990s.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Over their -year career, Rancid remained signed to an independent record label and retained much of its original fan-base, most of which was connected to its underground roots.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid has had two lineup changes since its inception.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Their current lineup consists of Armstrong on guitar and vocals, Freeman on bass and vocals, Lars Frederiksen on guitar and vocals, and Branden Steineckert on drums.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ The band was formed by Armstrong, Freeman, and former drummer Brett Reed, who left the band in 2006 and was replaced by Steineckert.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Frederiksen joined Rancid in 1993 when the band was searching for a second guitar player.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ To date, Rancid has released nine studio albums, one split album, one compilation, two extended plays, and a series of live online-only albums, and has been featured on a number of compilation albums." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid is an American punk rock band formed in Berkeley, California in 1991.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Founded by 1980s punk veterans Tim Armstrong, and Matt Freeman, who previously played in the highly influential ska punk band Operation Ivy, Rancid is often credited (along with Green Day and The Offspring) for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States and bringing punk rock into the mainstream during the mid-1990s.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Over their -year career, Rancid remained signed to an independent record label and retained much of its original fan-base, most of which was connected to its underground roots.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid has had two lineup changes since its inception.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Their current lineup consists of Armstrong on guitar and vocals, Freeman on bass and vocals, Lars Frederiksen on guitar and vocals, and Branden Steineckert on drums.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ The band was formed by Armstrong, Freeman, and former drummer Brett Reed, who left the band in 2006 and was replaced by Steineckert.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Frederiksen joined Rancid in 1993 when the band was searching for a second guitar player.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ To date, Rancid has released nine studio albums, one split album, one compilation, two extended plays, and a series of live online-only albums, and has been featured on a number of compilation albums.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Pop punk __knowledge__ Pop punk (also known as punk-pop) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music.", "Pop punk __knowledge__ It typically combines fast tempos, loud and distorted electric guitars, and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies, vocal styles, and lyrical themes.", "Pop punk __knowledge__ Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop.", "Pop punk __knowledge__ By the mid-1980s, several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new, faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty, the Nip Drivers, T.S.O.L., Social Distortion, and the Descendents.", "Pop punk __knowledge__ Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s.", "Punk rock subgenres __knowledge__ A number of overlapping punk rock subgenres have developed since the emergence of punk rock (often shortened to \"punk\") in the mid-1970s.", "Punk rock subgenres __knowledge__ Even though punk genres at times are difficult to segregate, they usually show differing characteristics in overall structures, instrumental and vocal styles, and tempo.", "Punk rock subgenres __knowledge__ However, sometimes a particular trait is common in several genres, and thus punk genres are normally grouped by a combination of traits.", "Punk rock subgenres __knowledge__ Afro-punk (sometimes spelled AfroPunk) refers to the participation of African Americans in the punk and alternative music cultures.", "Punk rock subgenres __knowledge__ Afro-punks make up a minority in the North American punk scene.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ The history of the punk subculture involves the history of punk rock, the history of various punk ideologies, punk fashion, punk visual art, punk literature, dance, and punk film.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ Since emerging in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia in the mid-1970s, the punk subculture has spread around the globe and evolved into a number of different forms.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ The history of punk plays an important part in the history of subcultures in the 20th century.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ Several precursors to the punk subculture had varying degrees of influence on that culture.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ A number of philosophical and artistic movements were influences on and precursors to the punk movement.", "Ska __knowledge__ Ska (; Jamaican: ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.", "Ska __knowledge__ Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues.", "Ska __knowledge__ It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the off-beat.", "Ska __knowledge__ Ska developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when Prince Buster, Clement \"Coxsone\" Dodd, and Duke Reid formed sound systems to play American rhythm and blues and then began recording their own songs.", "Ska __knowledge__ Some suggest ska dates to earlier times, however.", "Ska __knowledge__ In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with British mods.", "Ska punk __knowledge__ Ska punk (also spelled ska-punk) is a fusion genre that combines ska music and punk rock music.", "Ska punk __knowledge__ (sometimes spelled skacore) is a subgenre of ska punk that blends ska with hardcore punk.", "Ska punk __knowledge__ Early ska punk combined both 2 Tone and ska with hardcore punk.", "Ska punk __knowledge__ Ska punk often features wind instruments and especially horns such as saxophones, trombones and trumpets, making the genre distinct from other forms of punk rock.", "Ska punk __knowledge__ It is similar to traditional Jamaican ska, but faster and heavier.", "Ska punk __knowledge__ Before ska punk started, many ska bands and punk rock bands performed on the same bills together and appealed to the same audiences.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Alternative rock __knowledge__ Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a style of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s.", "Alternative rock __knowledge__ In this instance, the word \"alternative\" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream rock music.", "Alternative rock __knowledge__ The term's original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or simply the independent, DIY ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music.", "Alternative rock __knowledge__ At times, \"alternative\" has been used as a catch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, that is seen to be descended from punk rock (including some examples of punk itself, as well as new wave, and post-punk)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid is an American punk rock band formed in Berkeley, California in 1991.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Founded by 1980s punk veterans Tim Armstrong, and Matt Freeman, who previously played in the highly influential ska punk band Operation Ivy, Rancid is often credited (along with Green Day and The Offspring) for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States and bringing punk rock into the mainstream during the mid-1990s.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Over their -year career, Rancid remained signed to an independent record label and retained much of its original fan-base, most of which was connected to its underground roots.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Rancid has had two lineup changes since its inception.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Their current lineup consists of Armstrong on guitar and vocals, Freeman on bass and vocals, Lars Frederiksen on guitar and vocals, and Branden Steineckert on drums.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ The band was formed by Armstrong, Freeman, and former drummer Brett Reed, who left the band in 2006 and was replaced by Steineckert.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ Frederiksen joined Rancid in 1993 when the band was searching for a second guitar player.", "Rancid (band) __knowledge__ To date, Rancid has released nine studio albums, one split album, one compilation, two extended plays, and a series of live online-only albums, and has been featured on a number of compilation albums.", "List of Black Flag band members __knowledge__ Black Flag is an American hardcore punk band formed in 1976 in Hermosa Beach, California by Greg Ginn, the band's guitarist, primary songwriter, and sole constant member.", "List of Black Flag band members __knowledge__ During Black Flag's ten-year existence, the band went through sixteen distinct lineups involving seventeen different musicians.", "List of Black Flag band members __knowledge__ Aside from Ginn, the longest-lasting members were singer Henry Rollins (5 years), bassist Chuck Dukowski (4½ years), and drummer Roberto \"Robo\" Valverde (3 years).", "List of Black Flag band members __knowledge__ The 1983–1985 lineup of Ginn, Rollins, bassist Kira Roessler, and drummer Bill Stevenson recording four albums and three EPs together in a sixteen-month period.", "Black Flag (band) __knowledge__ Black Flag was an American punk rock band formed in 1976 in Hermosa Beach, California.", "Black Flag (band) __knowledge__ Initially called Panic, the band was established by Greg Ginn, the guitarist, primary songwriter, and sole continuous member through multiple personnel changes in the band.", "Black Flag (band) __knowledge__ They are widely considered to be one of the first hardcore punk bands as well as one of the pioneers of After breaking up in 1986, Black Flag reunited in 2003 and again in 2013.", "Black Flag (band) __knowledge__ Black Flag's sound mixed the raw simplicity of the Ramones with atonal guitar solos and, in later years, frequent tempo shifts.", "Black Flag (band) __knowledge__ The lyrics were written mostly by Ginn, and like other punk bands of the late 1970s and early 1980s, Black Flag voiced an anti-authoritarian and nonconformist message, in songs punctuated with descriptions of social isolation, neurosis, poverty, and paranoia.", "Phi Sigma Epsilon __knowledge__ Phi Sigma Epsilon (ΦΣΕ) was a North American social fraternity that operated for 75 years (20 February 1910 – 14 August 1985) until its merger with the Phi Sigma Kappa (ΦΣΚ) fraternity.", "Phi Sigma Epsilon __knowledge__ The vast majority of Phi Sigma Epsilon chapters participated in the merger.", "Phi Sigma Epsilon __knowledge__ Phi Sigma Kappa incorporated many of the symbols of Phi Sigma Epsilon into its own, changing its crest, and expanding its Cardinal Principals, symbolism, rituals and historical canon to embrace the milestones of Phi Sigma Epsilon's development.", "Phi Sigma Epsilon __knowledge__ These changes were soon fully adopted by all chapters of the improved, and much larger fraternity, retaining the older name, Phi Sigma Kappa.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk rock (or \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.", "Punk rock __knowledge__ Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels and other informal channels.", "Phi Sigma Kappa __knowledge__ Phi Sigma Kappa (ΦΣΚ), colloquially known as Phi Sig or PSK, is a men's social and academic fraternity with approximately 90 active chapters and colonies in North America.", "Phi Sigma Kappa __knowledge__ Most of its first two dozen chapters were granted to schools in New England and Pennsylvania, therefore its early development was strongly Eastern in character, eventually operating chapters at six of the eight Ivy League schools as well as more egalitarian state schools.", "Phi Sigma Kappa __knowledge__ It later expanded to the South and West.", "Phi Sigma Kappa __knowledge__ According to its Constitution, Phi Sigma Kappa is devoted to the promotion of its three Cardinal Principles: the \"Promotion of Brotherhood\", the \"Stimulation of Scholarship\", and the \"Development of Character\".", "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag __knowledge__ Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft.", "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag __knowledge__ It is the sixth major installment in the \"Assassin's Creed\" series.", "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag __knowledge__ Its historical time frame precedes that of \"Assassin's Creed III\" (2012), though its modern-day sequences succeed \"III\"s own.", "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag __knowledge__ \"Black Flag\" was first released for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Nintendo Wii U in October 2013 and a month later for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows.", "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag __knowledge__ The plot is set in a fictional history of real world events and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins, who fight for peace with free will, and the Templars, who desire peace through control.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ Hardcore punk (often abbreviated to hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ Its roots can be traced to earlier punk scenes in San Francisco and Southern California which arose as a reaction against the still predominant hippie cultural climate of the time.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ It was also inspired by New York punk rock and early proto-punk.", "Hardcore punk __knowledge__ New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ The history of the punk subculture involves the history of punk rock, the history of various punk ideologies, punk fashion, punk visual art, punk literature, dance, and punk film.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ Since emerging in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia in the mid-1970s, the punk subculture has spread around the globe and evolved into a number of different forms.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ The history of punk plays an important part in the history of subcultures in the 20th century.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ Several precursors to the punk subculture had varying degrees of influence on that culture.", "History of the punk subculture __knowledge__ A number of philosophical and artistic movements were influences on and precursors to the punk movement.", "Pop punk __knowledge__ Pop punk (also known as punk-pop) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music.", "Pop punk __knowledge__ It typically combines fast tempos, loud and distorted electric guitars, and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies, vocal styles, and lyrical themes.", "Pop punk __knowledge__ Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop.", "Pop punk __knowledge__ By the mid-1980s, several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new, faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty, the Nip Drivers, T.S.O.L., Social Distortion, and the Descendents.", "Pop punk __knowledge__ Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s.", "Trouble Maker (album) __knowledge__ Trouble Maker is the ninth studio album by the American punk rock band Rancid, released on June 9, 2017.", "Trouble Maker (album) __knowledge__ Like many of Rancid's albums, \"Trouble Maker\" was produced by Epitaph founder and Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz, and marks the band's first album since their 1993 self-titled debut to feature the original Rancid logo on the cover.", "Trouble Maker (album) __knowledge__ The band recorded the album between December 2015 and January 2017 at Big Bad Sound, Sunset Sound, and Red Star.", "Trouble Maker (album) __knowledge__ \"Trouble Maker\" received mixed reviews upon its release.", "Trouble Maker (album) __knowledge__ AllMusic writer Tim Sendra rated the album two-and-a-half stars out of five and called it \"exactly what a Rancid fan would expect a Rancid album to sound like, which is both a blessing and a curse.\"", "Last Hours __knowledge__ Last Hours (known as Rancid News prior to 2005) is an anti-authoritarian publishing collective.", "Last Hours __knowledge__ From 2003 to 2008 it produced a fanzine, initially called \"Rancid News\" until issue 9, changing its name to \"Last Hours\" from issue 10 till the final issue, 17, in May 2008.", "Last Hours __knowledge__ All 17 issues were edited by Edd Baldry before he stood down as editor.", "Last Hours __knowledge__ Since 2008 \"Last Hours\" has become a publishing collective, launching a website, and releasing two books in the autumn of 2009, Excessive Force and Diary of a miscreant At its inception Rancid News was a punk zine, which began circulation in April 2003 with interviews from AFI, One Minute Silence, and Johnny Truant, alongside articles, columns and reviews.", "BKL singularity __knowledge__ A Belinsky-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) singularity is a model of the dynamic evolution of the Universe near the initial singularity, described by an anisotropic, homogeneous, chaotic solution to Einstein's field equations of gravitation.", "BKL singularity __knowledge__ According to this model, the Universe is oscillating around a gravitational singularity in which time and space become equal to zero.", "BKL singularity __knowledge__ This singularity is physically real in the sense that it is a necessary property of the solution, and will appear also in the exact solution of those equations.", "BKL singularity __knowledge__ The singularity is not artificially created by the assumptions and simplifications made by the other special solutions such as the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker, quasi-isotropic, and Kasner solutions." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 8 ]

[ "Do you like Rancid? They're one of my favorite punk rock bands.", "I'm more of a Rancid fan. The 1980s were good for punk rock.", "Of course! I Own all nine Rancid albums on iTunes." ]

[ "Rancid (band)", "Rancid (band)", "Rancid (band)" ]

[ "Red hair", "That's cool! What countries do you think have the most naturally red-headed people?", "I've noticed that natural redheads usually have freckles. Do you think that is accurate?", "Why do you think people are envious on those with red hair?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "1550–1600 in Western European fashion __knowledge__ Fashion in the period 1550–1600 in Western European clothing was characterized by increased opulence.", "1550–1600 in Western European fashion __knowledge__ Contrasting fabrics, slashes, embroidery, applied trims, and other forms of surface ornamentation remained prominent.", "1550–1600 in Western European fashion __knowledge__ The wide silhouette, conical for women with breadth at the hips and broadly square for men with width at the shoulders had reached its peak in the 1530s, and by mid-century a tall, narrow line with a V-shaped waist was back in fashion.", "1550–1600 in Western European fashion __knowledge__ Sleeves and women's skirts then began to widen again, with emphasis at the shoulder that would continue into the next century.", "1550–1600 in Western European fashion __knowledge__ The characteristic garment of the period was the ruff, which began as a modest ruffle attached to the neckband of a shirt or smock and grew into a separate garment of fine linen, trimmed with lace, cutwork or embroidery, and shaped into crisp, precise folds with starch and heated irons.", "List of Twelve Kingdoms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the novel series \"The Twelve Kingdoms\" and its anime adaptation.", "List of Twelve Kingdoms characters __knowledge__ The following characters reside in the Kingdom of Kei: is a sixteen-year-old honors student in Japan who lives an ordinary life and is the main protagonist of the series.", "List of Twelve Kingdoms characters __knowledge__ Her primary worries are her naturally red hair (it was speculated by some students and a teacher that Youko might've dyed her hair red) and an inexplicable recurring dream that haunts her.", "List of Twelve Kingdoms characters __knowledge__ When a man named Keiki suddenly appears at her school, he bows at her feet, swearing loyalty to her and offering protection.", "List of Twelve Kingdoms characters __knowledge__ The school is attacked by a giant bird and she reluctantly accepts his oath.", "Chinese sun and moon mirrors __knowledge__ The yángsuì 陽燧 or sun-mirror was an ancient Chinese burning-mirror that concentrates sunlight to ignite tinder and the fāngzhū 方諸 or moon-mirror was a device that collects nighttime dew by condensation.", "Chinese sun and moon mirrors __knowledge__ These two bronze implements are literary metaphors for yin and yang, associating the \"\"yang\"-mirror\" \"yangsui\" with the sun (a.k.a.", "Chinese sun and moon mirrors __knowledge__ \"tàiyáng\" 太陽 \"great \"yang\"\"), fire, dry, and round, and the \"\"yin\"-mirror\" \"fangshu\" with the moon (\"tàiyīn\" 太陰 \"great \"yin\"\"), water, wet, and square.", "Chinese sun and moon mirrors __knowledge__ There are numerous Chinese names for the fire-producing \"yángsuì\" 陽燧 \"sun-mirror\" and water-producing \"fāngzhū\" 方諸 \"moon-mirror\".", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "List of Ratchet & Clank characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Ratchet & Clank video game series.", "List of Ratchet & Clank characters __knowledge__ \"Ratchet & Clank\" is a series of platform video games developed by Insomniac Games and High Impact Games.", "List of Ratchet & Clank characters __knowledge__ The series features a large cast of characters voiced by veteran voice actors.", "List of Ratchet & Clank characters __knowledge__ The series centers on the exploits of Ratchet (a bobcat-like creature known as a Lombax that is very handy with tools) and Clank (a diminutive sentient robot that befriends Ratchet) as they save the galaxy from several evil forces.", "List of Ratchet & Clank characters __knowledge__ Ratchet (voiced by Mikey Kelley in the first game, James Arnold Taylor in later appearances) is the main protagonist of the \"Ratchet & Clank\" series of video games.", "Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War __knowledge__ There are allegations that war crimes were committed by the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers) during the Sri Lankan Civil War, particularly during the final months of the Eelam War IV phase in 2009.", "Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War __knowledge__ The alleged war crimes include attacks on civilians and civilian buildings by both sides; executions of combatants and prisoners by both sides; enforced disappearances by the Sri Lankan military and paramilitary groups backed by them; acute shortages of food, medicine, and clean water for civilians trapped in the war zone; and child recruitment by the Tamil Tigers.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ MC1R is one of the key proteins involved in regulating mammalian skin and hair color.", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ It is located on the plasma membrane of specialized cells known as melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin through the process of melanogenesis.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series.", "List of Angel's Friends characters __knowledge__ The \"Angel's Friends\" comic and cartoon series features a cast of characters designed by Giada Perissinotto (comic) and Igor Chimisso (cartoon).", "List of Angel's Friends characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional town, where four teenage Angels and four teenage Devils, are attending the Golden School to learn the art of being Guardian Angels and Guardian Devils, guarding and tempting the human beings, called Earthly ones.", "List of Angel's Friends characters __knowledge__ Angels come from Angie Town and are ruled by the High Spheres, while Devils are from Sulfur City and are ruled by Low Spheres.", "List of Angel's Friends characters __knowledge__ The Angels, called \"Angel's Friends\", are led by the main character, Raf, and are composed of her three friends Uri, Miki and Sweet, while the Devils, called \"Devil's Enemies\", are led by Sulfus and are composed by his friends Kabale, Cabiria and Gas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ Redhead Day (\"Roodharigendag\" in Dutch) is the name of a Dutch summer festival that takes place each first weekend of September in the city of Breda, in the Netherlands.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ The two-day festival is a gathering of people with natural red hair, but is also focused on art related to the colour red.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ Activities during the festival are lectures, workshops and demonstrations which are aimed specifically at red-haired people.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ The festival attracts attendance from fifty countries and is free of charge due to sponsorship of the local government.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ To be classified a 'Redhead', each participant must not have altered their original, natural hair colour in any way.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ Freckles is a 1904 novel written by the American writer and naturalist Gene Stratton-Porter.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ It is primarily set in the Limberlost Swamp area of Indiana, with brief scenes set in Chicago.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ The title character also appears briefly in Porter's \"A Girl of the Limberlost\".", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ The novel is marked by its frequent, detailed, and loving descriptions of the flora and fauna of the wilderness through the eyes of its innocent protagonist.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ The hero is an adult orphan, just under twenty years of age, with bright red hair and a freckled complexion.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ His right hand is missing at the wrist, and has been since before he can remember.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ The redhead (\"Aythya americana\") is a medium-sized diving duck.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ The scientific name is derived from Greek \"aithuia\" an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin \"americana\", of America.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ The redhead is long with an wingspan.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ It belongs to the genus Aythya, together with 11 other described species.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ The redhead and the common pochard form a sister group which together is sister to the canvasback.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ The redhead goes by many names, including the red-headed duck and the red-headed pochard.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ This waterfowl is easily distinguished from other ducks by the male’s copper coloured head and bright blue bill during the breeding season.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: A Jekyll and Hyde-type who fought Captain Marvel Jr. Based on the Nazi Dictator Adolf Hitler.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Führer of Nazi Germany, he was a member of the Monster Society of Evil.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ He ordered the creation of Captain Nazi, and caused many plots against America and its superheroes.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Like his real-life counterpart, he probably committed suicide with his wife when the Allies were advancing to Berlin.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Only appearing in \"Marvel Family\" #27.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Created by a scientist who thinks if everyone in the world was like him there would be no war.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Freckles and his Friends was an American comic strip set in the peaceful small town of Shadyside where young Freckles McGoosey and his friends lived.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Although the long-running strip, created by Merrill Blosser, is remembered for its continuing storyline involving a group of teenagers, it originally featured a child at the age of six or seven in gag-a-day situations.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Illustrated by Blosser and later by Henry Formhals (1908-1981), \"Freckles and His Friends\" was ghostwritten by Fred Fox (1903-1981).", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ A gagwriter for Groucho Marx and Judy Canova, Fox scripted for radio, television and films.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Widely syndicated by Newspaper Enterprise Association, \"Freckles and His Friends\" had a long run through much of the 20th Century.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ Genetic studies on Jews are part of the population genetics discipline and are used to better understand the chronology of migration provided by research in other fields, such as history, archaeology, linguistics, and paleontology.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ These studies investigate the origins of various Jewish populations today.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ In particular, they investigate whether there is a common genetic heritage among various Jewish populations.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry and up to 75% Levantine genes.", "Afro-Brazilians __knowledge__ Afro-Brazilians (; ) is a term used in the 21st century by some in Brazil to refer to Brazilian people with African ancestry.", "Afro-Brazilians __knowledge__ The term does not have widespread use in Brazil, where social constructs and classifications have been based on appearance.", "Afro-Brazilians __knowledge__ People with noticeable African features and skin color are generally referred to (and they identify) as \"negro\" or \"preto\" (\"black\").", "Afro-Brazilians __knowledge__ Many members of another group of people, multiracial Brazilians, or \"pardos\", also have a range of degree of African ancestry.", "Afro-Brazilians __knowledge__ Preto and pardo are among five color categories used by the Brazilian Census, along with \"branco\" (\"white\"), \"amarelo\" (\"yellow\", East Asian) and \"indígena\" (Amerindian).", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ White Brazilians ( ) refers to Brazilian citizens of European or Levantine descent.", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ According to the 2010 Census, they totaled 91,051,646 people, and made up 47.73% of the Brazilian population.", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ The main ancestry of white Brazilians is Portuguese, followed by Italian, Spanish, German, and other German-speaking nationalities (Austrian, Swiss, Luxembourger and Volga German) Slavic (Polish, Ukrainian, Russian etc), Levantine, Dutch, French and Baltic.", "White Brazilians __knowledge__ The white Brazilian population is spread throughout the national territory, but its highest percentage is found in the three southernmost states, where 79.8% of the population has European or Caucasian phenotype, whereas the Southeast region has the largest absolute numbers.", "White Latin Americans __knowledge__ White Latin Americans or European Latin Americans are Latin Americans who are considered white, typically due to European, or in some cases Levantine, descent.", "White Latin Americans __knowledge__ Latin American countries have often encouraged miscegenation, and even a small amount of European ancestry could entail significant upwards social mobility.", "White Latin Americans __knowledge__ People descended from European settlers who arrived in the Americas during the colonial and post-independence periods can be found throughout Latin America.", "White Latin Americans __knowledge__ Most of the earliest settlers were Spanish and Portuguese; after independence, the most numerous immigrants have been Spanish and Italians, followed by Germans, Levantine Semites, Poles, Irish, British, French, Russians, Belgians, Dutch, Scandinavians, Ukrainians, Hungarians, Croats, Swiss, Greeks, and other Europeans.", "White people __knowledge__ White people is a racial classification specifier, used for people of Caucasian ancestry, with the exact implications dependent on context.", "White people __knowledge__ The usage of \"white people\" or a \"white race\" for a large group of (mainly European) populations, defined besides other characteristics by their light skin and contrasting with \"black people\", Native Americans, \"colored\" or \"persons of color\" originated in the 17th century.", "White people __knowledge__ It was only during the 18th century, that this floating category was transformed in a quasi-scientific system of race and skin color relations.", "White people __knowledge__ The concept of a homogeneous white race did not achieve universal acceptance in Europe.", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of \"two or more races\".", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially (cf.", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ the one-drop rule).", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, self-identified as multiracial.", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number.", "Multiracial Americans __knowledge__ Historical reasons, including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans, often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity, generally that of the culture in which they were raised.", "Race and ethnicity in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazilian society is made up of a confluence of people of several different origins, from the original Native Brazilians, with the influence of Portuguese colonizers, Black African, and European, Arab, and Japanese immigration.", "Race and ethnicity in Brazil __knowledge__ Other significant groups include Koreans, Chinese, Paraguayans, and Bolivians.", "Race and ethnicity in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil has seen greater racial equality over time.", "Race and ethnicity in Brazil __knowledge__ According to a recent review study, \"There has been major, albeit uneven, progress in these terms since slavery, which has unfortunately not wholly translated into equality of income: only in 2010 did the black-to-white income ratio eclipsed its 1960 level, although it appears to be at an all-time high." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ Toyah Ann Willcox (born 18 May 1958) is an English singer and actress.", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ In a career spanning more than thirty years, Willcox has had 8 Top 40 singles, released over 20 albums, written two books, appeared in over forty stage plays and ten feature films, and voiced and presented numerous television shows.", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ Between 1977 and 1983 she fronted the band Toyah, before embarking on a solo career in the mid-1980s.", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ Her biggest hits include \"It's a Mystery\", \"Thunder in the Mountains\" and \"I Want to Be Free\".", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ Willcox was born in Kings Heath, Birmingham.", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ Her father Beric Willcox ran a successful joinery business and owned three factories.", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ MC1R is one of the key proteins involved in regulating mammalian skin and hair color.", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ It is located on the plasma membrane of specialized cells known as melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin through the process of melanogenesis.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "List of The Clique series characters __knowledge__ Lisi Harrison's young adult novel series, The Clique revolves around the lives of five girls: Massie Block, Alicia Rivera, Dylan Marvil, Claire Lyons, and Kristen Gregory.", "List of The Clique series characters __knowledge__ Together they collectively make up The Pretty Committee, an Alpha clique at the fictional, all-girls middle school, Octavian Country Day.", "List of The Clique series characters __knowledge__ Claire Lyons is a misfit girl from Orlando, Florida who shops at GAP and tries to fit into the Pretty Committee.", "List of The Clique series characters __knowledge__ Massie is the head of the group, while Claire, a newcomer to the area, is initially considered an outcast due to her financial and fashion status.", "List of The Clique series characters __knowledge__ As the series progresses, she slowly develops a friendship with Massie, and eventually becomes a member of the group.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ \"Ginger Kids\" is the eleventh episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\".", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ The 136th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 9, 2005.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ It caused controversy after its ironic premise was misunderstood by people who acted violently against redheads.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ In the episode, Cartman suffers from a mysterious and sudden onset of Gingervitus.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ Sick and tired of being ridiculed for his red hair, light skin and freckles, he rallies all the ginger kids everywhere to fight against discrimination and rise up and become the master race they are intended to be.", "Bird vision __knowledge__ Vision is the most important sense for birds, since good eyesight is essential for safe flight, and this group has a number of adaptations which give visual acuity superior to that of other vertebrate groups; a pigeon has been described as \"two eyes with wings\".", "Bird vision __knowledge__ The avian eye resembles that of a reptile, with ciliary muscles that can change the shape of the lens rapidly and to a greater extent than in the mammals.", "Bird vision __knowledge__ Birds have the largest eyes relative to their size in the animal kingdom, and movement is consequently limited within the eye's bony socket.", "Bird vision __knowledge__ In addition to the two eyelids usually found in vertebrates, it is protected by a third transparent movable membrane.", "Fluorescent lamp __knowledge__ A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light.", "Fluorescent lamp __knowledge__ An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow.", "Fluorescent lamp __knowledge__ A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently than incandescent lamps.", "Fluorescent lamp __knowledge__ The typical luminous efficacy of fluorescent lighting systems is 50–100 lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of incandescent bulbs with comparable light output.", "Fluorescent lamp __knowledge__ Fluorescent lamp fixtures are more costly than incandescent lamps because they require a ballast to regulate the current through the lamp, but the lower energy cost typically offsets the higher initial cost.", "Ultraviolet communication in butterflies __knowledge__ Butterflies, or members of the Papilionoidea superfamily, use two ultraviolet signals, UV reflectance or absorbance as a communication system.", "Ultraviolet communication in butterflies __knowledge__ The ultraviolet region is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum between 10 nm and 400 nm in wavelength.", "Ultraviolet communication in butterflies __knowledge__ Sensitivity to this region provides butterflies several benefits such as nectar guides for nectar, but it also provides a private communication channel unavailable to predators.", "Ultraviolet communication in butterflies __knowledge__ With this secure line, butterflies are able to facilitate mating behavior and sex recognition.", "Ultraviolet communication in butterflies __knowledge__ The ultraviolet communication system has two roles, a sender and a receiver.", "Ultraviolet communication in butterflies __knowledge__ Butterflies send ultraviolet signals using UV reflectance or UV absorption.", "Color vision __knowledge__ Color vision is the ability of an organism or machine to distinguish objects based on the wavelengths (or frequencies) of the light they reflect, emit, or transmit.", "Color vision __knowledge__ Colors can be measured and quantified in various ways; indeed, a person's perception of colors is a subjective process whereby the brain responds to the stimuli that are produced when incoming light reacts with the several types of cone cells in the eye.", "Color vision __knowledge__ In essence, different people see the same illuminated object or light source in different ways.", "Color vision __knowledge__ Isaac Newton discovered that white light, after being split into its component colours when passed through a dispersive prism, could, by passing them through a different prism, be recombined to make white light.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Spleak __knowledge__ Spleak is an IM platform where users could publish and rate content.", "Spleak __knowledge__ It exists in the form of six bots covering as many subject areas: CelebSpleak, SportSpleak, VoteSpleak, TVSpleak, GameSpleak, and StyleSpleak.", "Spleak __knowledge__ Users can add a \"multi-Spleak\" (which contains all of the different Spleak bots in one) to their IM buddy lists on MSN (spleak@hotmail.com) and AIM (buddy name: spleak), or add the separate bots on MSN (celeb@spleak.com, sport@spleak.com, vote@spleak.com, tv@spleak.com, game@spleak.com, and style@spleak.com) or AIM (buddy name: celebspleak, sportspleak, votespleak, tvspleak, gamespleak, and stylespleak)." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6, 7 ]

[ "I love red hair, just died mine! Real red hair only occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Usually in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Yes! In fact, red heads usually have lighter eye colours and sensitivity to ultraviolet light! ", "I do not know but I do know they have been said to be often portrayed as fiery-tempered lol" ]

[ "Red hair", "Red hair", "Red hair", "Red hair" ]

[ "Tomato\nI really don't like Tomatoes. I do like pizza though. ", "Oh really. I did not know that. What is included in the nightshade family? ", "Solancaea, is that French? ", "Wow, I wouldn't have guessed that those are all in the same family. ", "How far back do Tomatoes date? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks.", "Tomato __knowledge__ While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables as an ingredient or side dish for savory meals.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plants typically grow to in height and have a weak stem that sprawls.", "Tomato __knowledge__ It is a perennial in its native habitat, and cultivated as an annual.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box or pizza package is a folding box made of cardboard in which hot pizzas are stored in for takeaway.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The \"pizza box\" also makes home delivery and takeaway substantially easier.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box has to be highly resistant, cheap, stackable, thermally insulated to regulate humidity and suitable for food transportation.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ In addition, it provides space for advertising.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza packages differ from those of frozen pizzas, which contain the frozen product in heat-sealed plastic foils as is the case with much frozen food.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ Containers to deliver freshly baked pizzas have existed at least since the 19th century, when Neapolitan pizza bakers put their products in multi-layered metallic containers known as \"stufe\" (singular \"stufa\", \"oven\") and then sent them to the street sellers.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks.", "Tomato __knowledge__ While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables as an ingredient or side dish for savory meals.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plants typically grow to in height and have a weak stem that sprawls.", "Tomato __knowledge__ It is a perennial in its native habitat, and cultivated as an annual.", "Nightshade (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Nightshade is a fictional character, a comic book superheroine published by DC Comics.", "Nightshade (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Created by David Kaler and Steve Ditko, the character first appeared in \"Captain Atom\" v1 #82 (September 1966) originally published by Charlton Comics.", "Nightshade (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Nightshade was first introduced in \"Captain Atom\" #82, as a partner for Captain Atom.", "Nightshade (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Her real name is Eve Eden and her father is a U.S. senator.", "Nightshade (DC Comics) __knowledge__ She is blonde and wears a black wig as Nightshade.", "Nightshade (DC Comics) __knowledge__ She was romantically involved with Captain Atom for a brief time.", "Nightshade (DC Comics) __knowledge__ She appeared several times in Captain Atom stories, before getting her own backup series in the last three published issues (#87-89).", "Solanum diphyllum __knowledge__ Solanum diphyllum, commonly known as the twoleaf nightshade, is a species of nightshade native to the Americas.", "Solanum diphyllum __knowledge__ It is cultivated as an ornamental plant for its clusters of dark green round fruits that turn a bright yellow when ripe.", "Solanum diphyllum __knowledge__ Twoleaf nightshades are classified under the subgenus \"Minon\".", "Solanum diphyllum __knowledge__ It belongs to tribe Solaneae, subfamily Solanoideae, under the very large and diverse nightshade family (Solanaceae).", "Solanum diphyllum __knowledge__ They were first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 book \"Species Plantarum\".", "Solanum diphyllum __knowledge__ The forest nightshade (\"Solanum nudum\") was originally illegitimately named \"Solanum diphyllum\" by the Spanish botanists Martín Sessé y Lacasta and José Mariano Mociño in 1894, despite the name already being used.", "Atropa belladonna __knowledge__ Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which includes tomatoes, potatoes, and aubergine.", "Atropa belladonna __knowledge__ It is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia.", "Atropa belladonna __knowledge__ Its distribution extends from Great Britain in the west to western Ukraine and the Iranian province of Gilan in the east.", "Atropa belladonna __knowledge__ It is also naturalised and/or introduced in some parts of Canada and the United States.", "Atropa belladonna __knowledge__ The foliage and berries are extremely toxic when ingested, containing tropane alkaloids.", "Atropa belladonna __knowledge__ These toxins include atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine, which cause delirium and hallucinations, and are also used as pharmaceutical anticholinergics.", "African nightshade __knowledge__ African nightshades are several species of plants in the section \"Solanum\" of the genus \"Solanum\", that are commonly consumed as leafy vegetables and herbs.", "African nightshade __knowledge__ African nightshades are grown in both high and lowland areas in West and East Africa, particularly in Nigeria and Cameroon.", "African nightshade __knowledge__ There is a large variation in diversity of the African nightshades, which have many nutritional and medicinal benefits, even though the family of nightshade is commonly known as comprising dangerous weeds or poisonous plants.", "African nightshade __knowledge__ Species known as African nightshade include \"Solanum scabrum\", \"Solanum villosum\", \"Solanum nigrum\", and \"Solanum americanum\".", "Solanine __knowledge__ Solanine is a glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade family within the genus \"Solanum\", such as the potato (\"Solanum tuberosum\"), the tomato (\"Solanum lycopersicum\"), and the eggplant (\"Solanum melongena\").", "Solanine __knowledge__ It can occur naturally in any part of the plant, including the leaves, fruit, and tubers.", "Solanine __knowledge__ Solanine has pesticidal properties, and it is one of the plant's natural defenses.", "Solanine __knowledge__ Solanine was first isolated in 1820 from the berries of the European black nightshade (\"Solanum nigrum\"), after which it was named.", "Solanine __knowledge__ It belongs to the chemical family of saponins.", "Solanine __knowledge__ Solanine poisoning is primarily displayed by gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.", "Circaea __knowledge__ The genus Circaea contains 7–10 species of flowering plants, known as enchanter's nightshade, in the willowherb family Onagraceae.", "Circaea __knowledge__ They are woodland plants occurring throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.", "Circaea __knowledge__ Two species are widespread, Broad-leaved Enchanter's Nightshade (\"Circaea lutetiana\") and Alpine Enchanter's Nightshade (\"Circaea alpina\").", "Circaea __knowledge__ In addition, there is an intermediate hybrid between these two, and several local species or subspecies, with between eight and 14 forms recognised by different authorities.", "Circaea __knowledge__ The hybrid is sterile, persisting only by vegetative reproduction and not producing seeds.", "Systemin __knowledge__ Systemin is a plant peptide hormone involved in the wound response in the Solanaceae family.", "Systemin __knowledge__ It was the first plant hormone that was proven to be a peptide having been isolated from tomato leaves in 1991 by a group led by Clarence A. Ryan.", "Systemin __knowledge__ Since then other peptides, with similar functions have been identified in tomato and outside of the Solanaceae.", "Systemin __knowledge__ Hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptides were found in tobacco in 2001 and AtPEPs (Arabidopsis thaliana Plant Elicitor Peptides) were found in \"Arabidopsis thaliana\" in 2006.", "Systemin __knowledge__ Their precursors are found both in the cytoplasm and cell walls of plant cells, upon insect damage, the precursors are processed to produce one or more mature peptides.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks.", "Tomato __knowledge__ While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables as an ingredient or side dish for savory meals.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plants typically grow to in height and have a weak stem that sprawls.", "Tomato __knowledge__ It is a perennial in its native habitat, and cultivated as an annual.", "Education in Taoyuan City __knowledge__ Education in Taoyuan City, Republic of China, below tertiary level, is through an established school system that consists of elementary schools, junior high schools, and senior high schools.", "Education in Taoyuan City __knowledge__ It is managed by the Education Department of the Taoyuan City Government.", "Education in Taoyuan City __knowledge__ The director is Ming-Wen Chang.", "Education in Taoyuan City __knowledge__ In the four-year period 2003–2007, 85 billion NT dollars were spent on education.", "Education in Taoyuan City __knowledge__ Below is a list of schools in Taoyuan City, listed by level of school.", "Education in Taoyuan City __knowledge__ Ba-De Junior High School is a Junior High School in Bade District.", "Education in Taoyuan City __knowledge__ It educates around 1,750 students in grades 7–9.", "Education in Taoyuan City __knowledge__ Bade Junior High is 8 km away from Taoyuan City and 6 km to Yingge District, New Taipei City in the north, 8 km, from Zhongli District in the south, and 6 km to Daxi District in the west.", "Supermetric __knowledge__ Supersymmetry gauge theory including supergravity is mainly developed as a Yang - Mills gauge theory with spontaneous breakdown of supersymmetries.", "Supermetric __knowledge__ There are various superextensions of pseudo-orthogonal Lie algebras and the Poincaré Lie algebra.", "Supermetric __knowledge__ The nonlinear realization of some Lie superalgebras have been studied.", "Supermetric __knowledge__ However, supergravity introduced in SUSY gauge theory has no geometric feature as a supermetric.", "Supermetric __knowledge__ In gauge theory on a principal bundle formula_1 with a structure group formula_2, spontaneous symmetry breaking is characterized as a reduction of formula_2 to some closed subgroup formula_4.", "2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2015–16 season was Chelsea's 102nd competitive season, 27th consecutive season in the top flight of English football, 24th consecutive season in the Premier League, and 110th year in existence as a football club.", "2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season __knowledge__ They entered this season as reigning champions after winning the league for a fifth time the previous season, and also participated in the FA Cup, League Cup, Community Shield and the UEFA Champions League.", "2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season __knowledge__ The season covers the period from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016.", "2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season __knowledge__ Left-winger Gaël Kakuta leaves the Blues to join La Liga side Sevilla, for a fee of £2.5 million.", "2015–16 Chelsea F.C. season __knowledge__ Goalkeeper Petr Čech leaves the club to join London rivals Arsenal on a three-year deal.", "1927–28 Challenge Cup __knowledge__ The 1927–28 Challenge Cup was the 28th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "1927–28 Challenge Cup __knowledge__ In the single first round replay Halifax beat Hunslet 16–2 on 15 February.", "1927–28 Challenge Cup __knowledge__ In the two replays Huddersfield beat Dewsbury 16–8 on 29 February and Hull FC beat 16–0 on 1 March.", "1927–28 Challenge Cup __knowledge__ Having played out a scoreless game Batley and Hull FC repeated the score in a replay on 20 March and the tie went to a second replay which Hull won 6–2 on neutral territory, Headingley, on 26 March.", "1927–28 Challenge Cup __knowledge__ Swinton beat Warrington 5–3 in the final played at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 14 April 1928.", "1927–28 Challenge Cup __knowledge__ The game generated receipts of £3159 1s 11d and the attendance of 33,909 set a new record for a game at Central Park.", "Henry Richard __knowledge__ Rev.", "Henry Richard __knowledge__ Henry Richard MP (3 April 1812 – 20 August 1888), \"the Apostle of Peace\", was a Congregational minister and Welsh Member of Parliament, 1868-88.", "Henry Richard __knowledge__ The son of the Rev.", "Henry Richard __knowledge__ Ebenezer Richard (1781–1837), a Calvinistic Methodist minister, Henry Richard is chiefly known as an advocate of peace and international arbitration, having been secretary of the Peace Society for forty years (1848–84).", "Henry Richard __knowledge__ He is less widely known for his other interests, for example his anti-slavery work.", "Henry Richard __knowledge__ Born in 1812 in Tregaron, Ceredigion, and educated initially at Llangeitho grammar school, Henry Richard attended college at Highbury, near London, to obtain qualifications for the ministry.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, (28 September 1852 – 22 May 1925), known as Sir John French from 1901 to 1916, and as The Viscount French between 1916 and 1922, was a senior British Army officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Born in Kent to an Anglo-Irish family, he saw brief service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, before becoming a cavalry officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ He achieved rapid promotion and distinguished himself on the Gordon Relief Expedition.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ French had a considerable reputation as a womaniser throughout his life and his career nearly ended when he was cited in the divorce of a brother officer whilst in India in the early 1890s.", "Military history of France during World War II __knowledge__ The military history of France during World War II covers three periods.", "Military history of France during World War II __knowledge__ From 1939 until 1940, which witnessed a war against Germany by the French Third Republic.", "Military history of France during World War II __knowledge__ The period from 1940 until 1945, which saw competition between Vichy France and the Free French Forces under General Charles de Gaulle for control of the overseas empire.", "Military history of France during World War II __knowledge__ And 1944, witnessing the landings of the Allies in France (Normandy, Provence), expelling the German Army and putting an end to Vichy Regime.", "Military history of France during World War II __knowledge__ France and Britain declared war on Germany when it invaded Poland in September 1939.", "Military history of France during World War II __knowledge__ After the Phoney War from 1939 to 1940, within seven weeks, the Germans invaded and defeated France and forced the British off the continent.", "Solanaceae __knowledge__ The Solanaceae, or nightshades, are an economically important family of flowering plants.", "Solanaceae __knowledge__ The family ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of important agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals.", "Solanaceae __knowledge__ Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many, including tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell/chili peppers, and tobacco are widely used.", "Solanaceae __knowledge__ The family belongs to the order Solanales, in the asterid group and class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons).", "Solanaceae __knowledge__ The Solanaceae consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology.", "Systemin __knowledge__ Systemin is a plant peptide hormone involved in the wound response in the Solanaceae family.", "Systemin __knowledge__ It was the first plant hormone that was proven to be a peptide having been isolated from tomato leaves in 1991 by a group led by Clarence A. Ryan.", "Systemin __knowledge__ Since then other peptides, with similar functions have been identified in tomato and outside of the Solanaceae.", "Systemin __knowledge__ Hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptides were found in tobacco in 2001 and AtPEPs (Arabidopsis thaliana Plant Elicitor Peptides) were found in \"Arabidopsis thaliana\" in 2006.", "Systemin __knowledge__ Their precursors are found both in the cytoplasm and cell walls of plant cells, upon insect damage, the precursors are processed to produce one or more mature peptides.", "Phthorimaea operculella __knowledge__ Phthorimaea operculella, also known as the Potato Tuber moth or Tobacco Splitworm, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae.", "Phthorimaea operculella __knowledge__ It is an oligophagous insect that feeds on the plant family Solanaceae and is especially known for being a major pest of potato crops.", "Phthorimaea operculella __knowledge__ Currently farmers utilize insecticides, parasites, and sprinkler irrigation in order to prevent \"P. operculella\" from infesting their croplands.", "Phthorimaea operculella __knowledge__ The Potato Tuber moth also has a rare oviposition process where the ovipositor contains sensors that pick up on chemical signals given off by the host plant.", "Phthorimaea operculella __knowledge__ Therefore, the adult female moth only needs to be within the vicinity of a host plant to lay her eggs.", "Fabiana imbricata __knowledge__ Fabiana imbricata (pichi) is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae, native to dry upland slopes in Chile and Argentina.", "Fabiana imbricata __knowledge__ Growing to tall and wide, it is a frost-hardy, heath-like evergreen mound-forming shrub.", "Fabiana imbricata __knowledge__ It has needle-like leaves and small white, tubular flowers in early summer.", "Fabiana imbricata __knowledge__ The upright form \"F. imbricata\" f. \"violacea\", bearing masses of pale violet flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "Fabiana imbricata __knowledge__ Fabiana imbricata is the type species for the genus Fabiana.", "Fabiana imbricata __knowledge__ F. imbricata foliage, specifically has been traditionally employed as a diueretic and digestive and has been proven to have a dose-dependent gastroprotective effect, in studies evaluating the main sesquiterpene of the foliage.", "Schizanthus __knowledge__ Schizanthus , also called butterfly flower, fringeflower, poor-man's-orchid, is a genus of plants in the Solanaceae (nightshade) family.", "Schizanthus __knowledge__ They are annual or biennial herbaceous plants, with attractive flowers and they belong to the Schizanthoideae subfamily of the solanaceae.", "Schizanthus __knowledge__ The genus includes species native to Chile and Argentina, many species are adventitious in other parts of the world such as New Zealand and the United States.", "Schizanthus __knowledge__ Annual or biennial, glandulous-pubescent herbaceous plants, with alternate, pinnatilobate or bipinnatisect leaves and attractive flowers, arranged at the end of stems.", "Mandragora (genus) __knowledge__ Mandragora is a plant genus belonging to the nightshade family (Solanaceae).", "Mandragora (genus) __knowledge__ Members of the genus are known as mandrakes.", "Mandragora (genus) __knowledge__ There are between three and five species in the genus.", "Mandragora (genus) __knowledge__ The one or two species found around the Mediterranean constitute the mandrake of ancient writers such as Dioscorides.", "Mandragora (genus) __knowledge__ Two or three further species are found eastwards into China.", "Mandragora (genus) __knowledge__ All are perennial herbaceous plants, with large tap-roots and leaves in the form of a rosette.", "Mandragora (genus) __knowledge__ Individual flowers are bell-shaped, whitish through to violet, and are followed by yellow or orange berries.", "Mandragora (genus) __knowledge__ Like many members of the Solanaceae, species of \"Mandragora\" contain highly biologically active alkaloids that make the plants poisonous.", "Potato leafroll virus __knowledge__ Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is a member of the genus \"Polerovirus\" and family Luteoviridae.", "Potato leafroll virus __knowledge__ The phloem limited positive sense RNA virus infects potatoes and other members of the family Solanaceae.", "Potato leafroll virus __knowledge__ PLRV was first described by Quanjer \"et al.\"", "Potato leafroll virus __knowledge__ in 1916.", "Potato leafroll virus __knowledge__ PLRV is transmitted by aphids, primarily the green peach aphid, \"Myzus persicae\".", "Potato leafroll virus __knowledge__ PLRV is one of the most important potato viruses worldwide but particularly devastating in countries with limited resources and management.", "Potato leafroll virus __knowledge__ It can be responsible for individual plant yield losses of over 50%.", "Potato leafroll virus __knowledge__ One estimate suggests that PLRV is responsible for an annual global yield loss of 20 million tons." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks.", "Tomato __knowledge__ While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables as an ingredient or side dish for savory meals.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plants typically grow to in height and have a weak stem that sprawls.", "Tomato __knowledge__ It is a perennial in its native habitat, and cultivated as an annual.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "Eggplant __knowledge__ Eggplant (\"Solanum melongena\"), or aubergine, is a species of nightshade, grown for its edible fruit.", "Eggplant __knowledge__ Eggplant is the common name in North America, Australia and New Zealand, but British English uses the French word \"aubergine\".", "Eggplant __knowledge__ It is known in South Asia and South Africa as \"brinjal\".", "Eggplant __knowledge__ The fruit is widely used in cooking.", "Eggplant __knowledge__ As a member of the genus \"Solanum\", it is related to the tomato and the potato.", "Eggplant __knowledge__ It was originally domesticated from the wild nightshade species, the thorn or bitter apple, \"S. incanum\", probably with two independent domestications, one in South Asia and one in East Asia.", "Eggplant __knowledge__ The eggplant is a delicate, tropical perennial often cultivated as a tender or half-hardy annual in temperate climates.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Moussaka __knowledge__ Moussaka (, or ) is an eggplant- (aubergine) or potato-based dish, often including ground meat, in the Levant, Middle East, and Balkans, with many local and regional variations.", "Moussaka __knowledge__ Many versions have a top layer made of milk-based sauce thickened with egg (custard) or flour (béchamel sauce).", "Moussaka __knowledge__ In Greece, the dish is layered and typically served hot.", "Moussaka __knowledge__ In Turkey, it is sautéed and served in the style of a casserole, and consumed warm or at room temperature.", "Moussaka __knowledge__ In the Arab world it is usually eaten cold.", "Moussaka __knowledge__ The English name for moussaka comes from Greek ' (), which derived from Arabic ' (), meaning \"chilled\".", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ Many cuisines feature eggplant salads and appetizers.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ \"Baba ghanoush\" (Arabic بابا غنوج \"bābā ghanūj\") is a popular Levantine dish of eggplant (aubergine) mashed and mixed with various seasonings.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ Frequently the eggplant is baked or broiled over an open flame before peeling, so that the pulp is soft and has a smoky taste.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ Baba ghanoush is usually eaten as a dip with pita bread, and is sometimes added to other dishes.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ It is usually of an earthy light brown color.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ In Ethiopia, this dish is commonly known as \"blagadoush\".", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ Similar to baba ghanoush is another Levantine dish \"mutabbal\" (متبل lit.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ 'spiced'), which also includes mashed cooked aubergines and tahini, and mixed with salt, pepper, olive oil, and anar seeds.", "Potato __knowledge__ The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.", "Potato __knowledge__ \"Potato\" may be applied to both the plant and the edible tuber.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potato has become a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply.", "Potato __knowledge__ It is the world's fourth-largest food crop, following maize, wheat, and rice.", "Potato __knowledge__ The green leaves and green skins of tubers exposed to the light are toxic.", "Potato __knowledge__ In the Andes, where the species is indigenous, some other closely related species are cultivated.", "Potato __knowledge__ Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tomato __knowledge__ The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit of the plant \"Solanum lycopersicum\", commonly known as a tomato plant.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plant belongs to the nightshade family, \"Solanaceae\".", "Tomato __knowledge__ The species originated in western South America.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Nahuatl (Aztec language) word \"tomatl\" gave rise to the Spanish word \"tomate\", from which the English word tomato derived.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Its use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Peru and Ecuador.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The Spanish discovered the tomato from their contact with the Aztec peoples during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, then brought it to Europe, and, from there, to other parts of the European colonized world during the 16th century.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks.", "Tomato __knowledge__ While tomatoes are botanically berry-type fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables as an ingredient or side dish for savory meals.", "Tomato __knowledge__ Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year.", "Tomato __knowledge__ The plants typically grow to in height and have a weak stem that sprawls.", "Tomato __knowledge__ It is a perennial in its native habitat, and cultivated as an annual.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "1896 Indiana State Sycamores football team __knowledge__ The 1896 Indiana State Sycamores football team represented Indiana State University in the 1896 college football season.", "1896 Indiana State Sycamores football team __knowledge__ This was the inaugural team for the university and played one game, versus Terre Haute High School; later Terre Haute William Wiley High.", "1896 Indiana State Sycamores football team __knowledge__ Few to no records remain, though it is known the Sycamores lost to the High Schoolers.", "1896 Indiana State Sycamores football team __knowledge__ The coach is unknown and the only player known is Lotus Coffman, future college president.", "1896 Indiana State Sycamores football team __knowledge__ The Sycamores would ultimately face Terre Haute High a total of seven times between 1896-1902, achieving a record of 1-2-3 (.417) and one unknown outcome.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ In the history of art, prehistoric art is all art produced in preliterate, prehistorical cultures beginning somewhere in very late geological history, and generally continuing until that culture either develops writing or other methods of record-keeping, or makes significant contact with another culture that has, and that makes some record of major historical events.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ At this point ancient art begins, for the older literate cultures.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ The end-date for what is covered by the term thus varies greatly between different parts of the world.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ The earliest human artifacts showing evidence of workmanship with an artistic purpose are the subject of some debate.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Dusty Donovan __knowledge__ Dustin \"Dusty\" Donovan is a fictional character on CBS's daytime drama \"As the World Turns.\"", "Dusty Donovan __knowledge__ He was recently portrayed by Grayson McCouch from February 18, 2003 to January 18, 2008.", "Dusty Donovan __knowledge__ McCouch returned to the role on September 24, 2008.", "Dusty Donovan __knowledge__ Born Dustin Donovan, he was the son of Nicole Berryesa Donovan and her lover Gunnar St. Clair, but was legally raised by Burke Donovan as Nicole died giving birth to him.", "Dusty Donovan __knowledge__ In 1983, a rebellious teen, Dusty arrived in Oakdale with his stepfather, horse trainer Burke Donovan.", "Dusty Donovan __knowledge__ He quickly became involved with Lily Snyder, daughter of rich and wealthy Lucinda Walsh.", "Dusty Donovan __knowledge__ Though Lucinda wasn't thrilled with this relationship, she preferred Dusty over the new stableboy, Holden Snyder, who also had a crush on Lily.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Shot grouping __knowledge__ In shooting sports, a shot grouping, or simply grouping, is the pattern of projectile impacts on a target from multiple shots taken in one shooting session.", "Shot grouping __knowledge__ The tightness of the grouping (the proximity of all the shots to each other) is a measure of the precision of a weapon, and a measure of the shooter's consistency and skill.", "Shot grouping __knowledge__ On the other hand, the grouping displacement (the distance between the calculated group center and the intended point of aim) is a measure of accuracy.", "Shot grouping __knowledge__ Tightness of shot groupings are calculated by measuring the distance between bullet holes on the target (center-to-center) in length measurements such as millimeters or inches.", "South America __knowledge__ South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere.", "South America __knowledge__ It may also be considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is how it is viewed in the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions of the Americas.", "South America __knowledge__ The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).", "South America __knowledge__ It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest.", "Urheimat __knowledge__ Urheimat (; ; from a German compound of \"ur-\" \"original\" and \"Heimat\" \"home, homeland\") is a term in historical linguistics, which denotes the area where the proto-language of a language family was spoken.", "Urheimat __knowledge__ A proto-language, reconstructed or known, is a parent language of a group of genetically related languages.", "Urheimat __knowledge__ Depending on the age of the language family under consideration, its homeland may be known with near-certainty (in the case of historical or near-historical migrations) or it may be very uncertain (in the case of deep prehistory).", "Urheimat __knowledge__ The reconstruction of a prehistorical homeland makes use of a variety of disciplines, including archaeology and archaeogenetics.", "Geography of South Dakota __knowledge__ South Dakota is a state located in the north-central United States.", "Geography of South Dakota __knowledge__ It is usually considered to be in the Midwestern region of the country.", "Geography of South Dakota __knowledge__ The state can generally be divided into three geographic regions: eastern South Dakota, western South Dakota, and the Black Hills.", "Geography of South Dakota __knowledge__ Eastern South Dakota is lower in elevation and higher in precipitation than the western part of the state, and the Black Hills are a low, isolated mountain group in the southwestern corner of the state.", "Geography of South Dakota __knowledge__ Smaller sub-regions in the state include the Coteau des Prairies, Coteau du Missouri, James River Valley, the Dissected Till Plains, and the Badlands.", "Military history of South America __knowledge__ The military history of South America can be divided into two major periods - pre- and post-Columbian - divided by the entrance of European forces to the region.", "Military history of South America __knowledge__ The sudden introduction of steel, gunpowder weapons and horses into the Americas would revolutionize warfare.", "Military history of South America __knowledge__ Within the post-Columbian period, the events of the early 19th century, when almost all of South America was marked by wars of independence, also forms a natural historical juncture.", "Military history of South America __knowledge__ Throughout its history, South America has had distinct military features: it has been geographically separated from many major military powers by large oceans; its unique terrain has imposed major logistical challenges, and privileged naval lines of communications.", "Andean Volcanic Belt __knowledge__ The Andean Volcanic Belt is a major volcanic belt along the Andean cordillera in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.", "Andean Volcanic Belt __knowledge__ It formed as a result of subduction of the Nazca Plate and Antarctic Plate underneath the South American Plate.", "Andean Volcanic Belt __knowledge__ The belt is subdivided into four main volcanic zones that are separated from each other by volcanic gaps.", "Andean Volcanic Belt __knowledge__ The volcanoes of the belt are diverse in terms of activity style, products and morphology.", "Andean Volcanic Belt __knowledge__ While some differences can be explained by which volcanic zone a volcano belongs to, there are significant differences within volcanic zones and even between neighboring volcanoes.", "Economy of Peru __knowledge__ Peru is classified as \"upper middle income\" by the World Bank and is the 39th largest in the world by total GDP.", "Economy of Peru __knowledge__ Peru is one of the world's fastest-growing economies with a 2012 GDP growth rate of 6.3%.", "Economy of Peru __knowledge__ It currently has a high human development index of 0.741 and per capita GDP above $12,000 by PPP.", "Economy of Peru __knowledge__ Neo-classical economists would interpret Peru's sound economic performance as a combination of: However, Post-Keynesian economists would argue that what neo-classical economics considers to be \"prudent\" fiscal spending is nothing more than a means to restrict government spending in order to make Peru dependent on export income and thus encourage it to open the Peruvian economy to free trade to the benefit of other western countries." ] ]

[ 2, 2, 54, 3, 4 ]

[ "Many people thought originally the tomato poisoness. I t is one of the nightshade family.", "Everything in the family \"Solanaceae\"", "No, Greek I believe. It includes tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant and tobacco!", "No it is a wide grouping and I believe it originated in Western South America.", "I know it was around in Aztec times. It was called \"tomati\"" ]

[ "Tomato", "Tomato", "Tomato", "Tomato", "Tomato" ]

[ "Shopping addiction", "Oh my. What do you like to shop for?", "I love to read, too! But I have never read graphic novels. Do you get the actual physical copies, or do you get like Kindle editions?", "I love the feel and smell of real books, but I also see the convenience of Kindle. Does your shopping addiction interfere with your life?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Shopping addiction is defined as the deficiency of impulse control which appears as the eagerness for constantly making new purchases of unnecessary or superfluous things.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ It is a concept similar to \"compulsive buying disorder\" and \"oniomania\", although these terms usually have a more clinical approach, related to a psychological individual disorder of impulse control.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ The phrase “shopping addiction” usually has a more psychosocial perspective .", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ or it is placed among drug-free addictions like the addiction to gambling, Internet, or video-games.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ There are three kinds of behavioural manifestations of shopping addiction, with different repercussions.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ These can be displayed together or independently and in more or less intense ways.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Nevertheless, they are closely related and appear joined in people who seriously suffer from this disorder.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ First is the attraction towards the consumer stimulus, which is the addiction to purchasing as a leisure activity.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ This is about the uncontrolled and excessive draw to use shopping as a leisure activity, usually in an exclusive and overwhelming way.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ While activities such as window-shopping, visiting shops or spending time in commercial centres is a common and socially accepted desire activity, an addict is differentiated as one in whom this excessive attraction to purchase interferes with the normal development of life and damages their relationships with others, becoming an obsessive and uncontrolled activity." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Shopping addiction is defined as the deficiency of impulse control which appears as the eagerness for constantly making new purchases of unnecessary or superfluous things.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ It is a concept similar to \"compulsive buying disorder\" and \"oniomania\", although these terms usually have a more clinical approach, related to a psychological individual disorder of impulse control.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ The phrase “shopping addiction” usually has a more psychosocial perspective .", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ or it is placed among drug-free addictions like the addiction to gambling, Internet, or video-games.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ There are three kinds of behavioural manifestations of shopping addiction, with different repercussions.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ These can be displayed together or independently and in more or less intense ways.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Nevertheless, they are closely related and appear joined in people who seriously suffer from this disorder.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ First is the attraction towards the consumer stimulus, which is the addiction to purchasing as a leisure activity.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ This is about the uncontrolled and excessive draw to use shopping as a leisure activity, usually in an exclusive and overwhelming way.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ While activities such as window-shopping, visiting shops or spending time in commercial centres is a common and socially accepted desire activity, an addict is differentiated as one in whom this excessive attraction to purchase interferes with the normal development of life and damages their relationships with others, becoming an obsessive and uncontrolled activity.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ There is also a four-episode OVA sequel.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ \"Anime Midstream\", Inc. announced in December, 2008, that it acquired the license for and planned to release the anime series Matchless Raijin-Oh in the U.S. sometime in 2009 as their first anime release.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The company began selling the first volume of the series direct from their website, as well as several other online retailers as of late December, 2009.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The first volume contained episodes 1-5.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The second volume, containing episodes 6-10, was released in September 2010, and translated the title beginning with this volume (and current printings of the first volume are now also marketed under that title).", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Duel Monsters\", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ The manga series has spawned a franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as \"Duel Monsters\", where each player uses cards to \"duel\" each other in a mock battle of fantasy \"monsters\".", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ This forms the basis for the real life \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid.", "David Oh __knowledge__ David H. Oh is a member of the City Council of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was elected in November 2011 and re-elected in November 2015, and was the first Asian-American elected to public office in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He is the only U.S. military veteran currently serving on the city council.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was born in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He has lived on the same block in Southwest Philadelphia since 1963.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh's father, the late Rev.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Ki Hang Oh, founded Philadelphia’s first Korean-American church in 1953 and served as its Pastor until his death in 2006.", "David Oh __knowledge__ In 1958, Oh’s cousin, In Ho Oh, a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania, was murdered by a group of teenage boys while mailing a letter to his parents.", "Go-ongers __knowledge__ The are the fictional eponymous protagonists of the Japanese Super Sentai series \"Engine Sentai Go-onger\".", "Go-ongers __knowledge__ To become a Go-onger, each member was chosen by fictional sentient vehicles known as Engines to battle the evil Barbaric Machine Clan Ong'er also stands for those Kenyans who believe everything they are fed by the 37 dimwits.", "Go-ongers __knowledge__ The main team based out of the RV known as , named after Saki's family dog, the Go-onger team is composed of the core three and two back-up members who support the main team.", "Go-ongers __knowledge__ Each of the Go-ongers has his/her own role call phrase and a nickname (emblazoned on their \"civilian\" clothing) before the group says , saying \"Checker Flag\" whenever they win thus finishing the episode usually still wearing their suits without theIr helmets.", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Internet addiction disorder, more commonly called problematic Internet use (PIU), refers to excessive Internet use that interferes with daily life.", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Addiction is defined by Webster Dictionary as a \"compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal; broadly: persistent compulsive use of a substance known by the user to be harmful\".", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Problematic Internet use is also called compulsive Internet use (CIU), Internet overuse, problematic computer use, or pathological computer use (PCU), problematic Internet use (PIU), or Internet addiction disorder (IAD)).", "Impulsivity __knowledge__ In psychology, impulsivity (or impulsiveness) is a tendency to act on a whim, displaying behavior characterized by little or no forethought, reflection, or consideration of the consequences.", "Impulsivity __knowledge__ Impulsive actions are typically \"poorly conceived, prematurely expressed, unduly risky, or inappropriate to the situation that often result in undesirable consequences,\" which imperil long-term goals and strategies for success.", "Impulsivity __knowledge__ Impulsivity can be classified as a multifactorial construct.", "Impulsivity __knowledge__ A functional variety of impulsivity has also been suggested, which involves action without much forethought in appropriate situations that can and does result in desirable consequences.", "Kleptomania __knowledge__ Kleptomania or klopemania is the inability to refrain from the urge for stealing items and is usually done for reasons other than personal use or financial gain.", "Kleptomania __knowledge__ First described in 1816, kleptomania is classified in psychiatry as an impulse control disorder.", "Kleptomania __knowledge__ Some of the main characteristics of the disorder suggest that kleptomania could be an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder.", "Kleptomania __knowledge__ The disorder is frequently under-diagnosed and is regularly associated with other psychiatric disorders, particularly anxiety and eating disorders, and alcohol and substance abuse.", "Kleptomania __knowledge__ Patients with kleptomania are typically treated with therapies in other areas due to the comorbid grievances rather than issues directly related to kleptomania.", "Addiction __knowledge__ Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.", "Addiction __knowledge__ Despite the involvement of a number of psychosocial factors, a biological process – one which is induced by repeated exposure to an addictive stimulus – is the core pathology that drives the development and maintenance of an addiction.", "Addiction __knowledge__ The two properties that characterize all addictive stimuli are that they are reinforcing (i.e., they increase the likelihood that a person will seek repeated exposure to them) and intrinsically rewarding (i.e., they are perceived as being inherently positive, desirable, and pleasurable).", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS) is a brief screening tool for assessing the severity of shopping addiction.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The Bergen Scale is named after the city of Bergen, Norway, the location of the University of Bergen where lead author Cecilie Andreassen is a professor of Clinical Psychology.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS) consists of 28 statements.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The participant is asked to rate how strongly each of the statements relates to their thoughts and behavior in the last 12 months.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ Each item is rated on a 5 point continuum of agreement: completely disagree, disagree, neither disagree nor agree, agree, completely agree.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Rebecca Jane 'Becky' Brandon (née Bloomwood) is a fictional character and the main protagonist from the Shopaholic series of novels by British author, Sophie Kinsella.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Becky grew up in Oxshott, Surrey with her Mum and Dad.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ After attending Bristol University, she moved to London.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ She first lived with her best friend Susan \"Suze\" Cleath-Stuart before she eventually moved to New York City.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Prior to moving to New York, she worked as a personal finance expert on a breakfast television program called 'Morning Coffee'.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Becky met her future husband, Luke Brandon, CEO of Brandon Communications (a Public Relations firm) during a press conference while she was working as a financial journalist for 'Successful Saving' magazine." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Shopping addiction is defined as the deficiency of impulse control which appears as the eagerness for constantly making new purchases of unnecessary or superfluous things.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ It is a concept similar to \"compulsive buying disorder\" and \"oniomania\", although these terms usually have a more clinical approach, related to a psychological individual disorder of impulse control.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ The phrase “shopping addiction” usually has a more psychosocial perspective .", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ or it is placed among drug-free addictions like the addiction to gambling, Internet, or video-games.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ There are three kinds of behavioural manifestations of shopping addiction, with different repercussions.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ These can be displayed together or independently and in more or less intense ways.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Nevertheless, they are closely related and appear joined in people who seriously suffer from this disorder.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ First is the attraction towards the consumer stimulus, which is the addiction to purchasing as a leisure activity.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ This is about the uncontrolled and excessive draw to use shopping as a leisure activity, usually in an exclusive and overwhelming way.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ While activities such as window-shopping, visiting shops or spending time in commercial centres is a common and socially accepted desire activity, an addict is differentiated as one in whom this excessive attraction to purchase interferes with the normal development of life and damages their relationships with others, becoming an obsessive and uncontrolled activity.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The hardware platform, developed by Amazon subsidiary Lab126, began as a single device and now comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays, Android-based tablets with color LCD screens and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ All Kindle devices integrate with Kindle Store content, and as of December 2017, the store has nearly 5.9 million e-books available in the United States.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Self-publishing is the publication of any book, album or other media by its author without the involvement of an established publisher.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Unlike the traditional publishing model in which control of the publication is shared with a publisher, the author controls the entire process in a self-publishing effort including the design of the cover and the interior, price, distribution, marketing, and public relations.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ The authors can do all of these activities by themselves or they may outsource these tasks.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Self-publishing is not limited to physical books, but includes pamphlets and brochures, as well as digital media such as e-books and websites.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ Dutch comics are comics made in the Netherlands.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ In Dutch the most common designation for the whole art form is \"strip\" (though the old-fashioned expression \"beeldverhaal\" – \"picture story\" – remains utilized on occasion, particularly in formal texts and treatises on the subject matter), while the word \"comic\" is used for the (usually) soft cover American style comic book format, typically containing translated US superhero material.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ This use of the in colloquial Dutch adopted English word for that format can cause confusion in English language texts.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ Since the Netherlands share the same language with Flanders, many Belgian comics and Franco-Belgian comics have also been published there, the latter in translation.", "Jack Reacher (book series) __knowledge__ Jack Reacher is a fictional protagonist of a series of novels, novellas and short stories by British author Lee Child.", "Jack Reacher (book series) __knowledge__ A former major in the United States Army Military Police Corps, Reacher roams the United States taking odd jobs and investigating suspicious and frequently dangerous situations.", "Jack Reacher (book series) __knowledge__ The Reacher novels are written either in the first-person or third-person.", "Jack Reacher (book series) __knowledge__ The schedule for the Reacher series, previously one-per-year, was increased in 2010 with the release of both \"61 Hours\" and \"Worth Dying For\".", "Jack Reacher (book series) __knowledge__ Most of the novels are set in the United States, in locales ranging from major metropolitan areas like New York City and Los Angeles to small towns in the Midwestern and Southern United States.", "List of Heroes characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Heroes\", the \"Heroes\" graphic novels, and the \"Heroes\" webisodes.", "List of Heroes characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed by recent appearances (\"Reborn\") and title credit order (alphabetically).", "List of Heroes characters __knowledge__ In its inaugural season, \"Heroes\" featured an ensemble cast of fourteen main characters.", "List of Heroes characters __knowledge__ During the first season, the NBC \"Heroes\" cast page listed ten characters among the cast; Leonard Roberts arrived later, and Jack Coleman was promoted to series regular as of the eleventh episode.", "List of Heroes characters __knowledge__ For the second season of the show, Santiago Cabrera, Tawny Cypress, and Leonard Roberts left the main cast.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ Franco-Belgian comics (; ) are comics that are created for French-Belgian (Wallonia) and/or French readership.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ These countries have a long tradition in comics and comic books, where they are known as \"BD\"s, an abbreviation of \"bandes dessinées\" (literally \"drawn strips\") in French and \"stripverhalen\" (literally \"strip stories\") or simply \"strips\" in Dutch.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ In Europe, the French language is spoken natively not only in France but also by about 40% of the population of Belgium, 16% of the population of Luxembourg, and about 20% of the population of Switzerland.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ The shared language creates an artistic and commercial market where national identity is often blurred.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Online shopping __knowledge__ Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ Consumers find a product of interest by visiting the website of the retailer directly or by searching among alternative vendors using a shopping search engine, which displays the same product's availability and pricing at different e-retailers.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ As of 2016, customers can shop online using a range of different computers and devices, including desktop computers, laptops, tablet computers and smartphones.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ An online shop evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a regular \"bricks-and-mortar\" retailer or shopping center; the process is called business-to-consumer (B2C) online shopping.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Graphic novel __knowledge__ A graphic novel is a book made up of comics content.", "Graphic novel __knowledge__ Although the word \"novel\" normally refers to long fictional works, the term \"graphic novel\" is applied broadly and includes fiction, non-fiction, and anthologized work.", "Graphic novel __knowledge__ It is distinguished from the term \"comic book\", which is generally used for comics periodicals.", "Graphic novel __knowledge__ Fan historian Richard Kyle coined the term \"graphic novel\" in an essay in the November 1964 issue of the comics fanzine \"Capa-Alpha\".", "Graphic novel __knowledge__ The term gained popularity in the comics community after the publication of Will Eisner's \"A Contract with God\" (1978) and the start of Marvel's Graphic Novel line (1982) and became familiar to the public in the late 1980s after the commercial successes of the first volume of Art Spiegelman's \"Maus\" in 1986 and the collected editions of Frank Miller's \"The Dark Knight Returns\" in 1986 and Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' \"Watchmen\" in 1987.", "Southland Tales: The Prequel Saga __knowledge__ Southland Tales: The Prequel Saga is a collection of graphic novels written in conjunction with the film \"Southland Tales\".", "Southland Tales: The Prequel Saga __knowledge__ The graphic novels featured are the first half of the \"Southland Tales\" story, of which the film tells the final part.", "Southland Tales: The Prequel Saga __knowledge__ The novels were written by Richard Kelly, who also wrote and directed the film, and illustrated by Brett Weldele.", "Southland Tales: The Prequel Saga __knowledge__ The collection was published by Graphitti Designs.", "Southland Tales: The Prequel Saga __knowledge__ \"Southland Tales\" was initially planned to be a nine-part \"interactive experience\", with the first six parts published in six 100-page graphic novels that would be released in a six-month period up to the film's release in 2007.", "Vertigo (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Vertigo is an imprint of the American comic book publisher DC Comics.", "Vertigo (DC Comics) __knowledge__ It was created in 1993 to publish stories with more graphic or adult content that could not fit within the restrictions of the Comics Code Authority, thus allowing more creative freedom than DC's main imprint.", "Vertigo (DC Comics) __knowledge__ These comics were free to contain explicit violence, substance and drug abuse, sexuality, nudity, profanity, and other controversial subjects, similar to the content of R-rated films.", "Vertigo (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Although its initial publications were primarily in the horror and fantasy genres, it has also published works dealing with crime, social commentary, speculative fiction, biography, and other genres.", "Bibliotherapy __knowledge__ Bibliotherapy or therapeutic storytelling is an expressive therapy that involves storytelling or the reading of specific texts with the purpose of healing.", "Bibliotherapy __knowledge__ It uses an individual's relationship to the content of books and poetry and other written words as therapy.", "Bibliotherapy __knowledge__ Bibliotherapy is often combined with writing therapy.", "Bibliotherapy __knowledge__ It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression.", "Bibliotherapy __knowledge__ These results have been shown to be long-lasting.", "Bibliotherapy __knowledge__ Bibliotherapy is an old concept in library science.", "Bibliotherapy __knowledge__ According to the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, in his monumental work \"Bibliotheca historica\", there was a phrase above the entrance to the royal chamber where books were stored by King Ramses II of Egypt." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Shopping addiction is defined as the deficiency of impulse control which appears as the eagerness for constantly making new purchases of unnecessary or superfluous things.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ It is a concept similar to \"compulsive buying disorder\" and \"oniomania\", although these terms usually have a more clinical approach, related to a psychological individual disorder of impulse control.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ The phrase “shopping addiction” usually has a more psychosocial perspective .", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ or it is placed among drug-free addictions like the addiction to gambling, Internet, or video-games.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ There are three kinds of behavioural manifestations of shopping addiction, with different repercussions.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ These can be displayed together or independently and in more or less intense ways.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ Nevertheless, they are closely related and appear joined in people who seriously suffer from this disorder.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ First is the attraction towards the consumer stimulus, which is the addiction to purchasing as a leisure activity.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ This is about the uncontrolled and excessive draw to use shopping as a leisure activity, usually in an exclusive and overwhelming way.", "Shopping addiction __knowledge__ While activities such as window-shopping, visiting shops or spending time in commercial centres is a common and socially accepted desire activity, an addict is differentiated as one in whom this excessive attraction to purchase interferes with the normal development of life and damages their relationships with others, becoming an obsessive and uncontrolled activity.", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Internet addiction disorder, more commonly called problematic Internet use (PIU), refers to excessive Internet use that interferes with daily life.", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Addiction is defined by Webster Dictionary as a \"compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal; broadly: persistent compulsive use of a substance known by the user to be harmful\".", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Problematic Internet use is also called compulsive Internet use (CIU), Internet overuse, problematic computer use, or pathological computer use (PCU), problematic Internet use (PIU), or Internet addiction disorder (IAD)).", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ The hardware platform, developed by Amazon subsidiary Lab126, began as a single device and now comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays, Android-based tablets with color LCD screens and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms.", "Amazon Kindle __knowledge__ All Kindle devices integrate with Kindle Store content, and as of December 2017, the store has nearly 5.9 million e-books available in the United States.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity.", "Retail __knowledge__ Over the centuries, retail shops were transformed from little more than \"rude booths\" to the sophisticated shopping malls of the modern era.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retailing involves the process of selling consumer goods or Services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain.", "Retail __knowledge__ Some of the earliest retailers were itinerant peddlers.", "Retail __knowledge__ The term \"retailer\" is typically applied where a service provider fills the small orders of a large number of individuals, who are end-users, rather than large orders of a small number of wholesale, corporate or government clientele.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Rebecca Jane 'Becky' Brandon (née Bloomwood) is a fictional character and the main protagonist from the Shopaholic series of novels by British author, Sophie Kinsella.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Becky grew up in Oxshott, Surrey with her Mum and Dad.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ After attending Bristol University, she moved to London.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ She first lived with her best friend Susan \"Suze\" Cleath-Stuart before she eventually moved to New York City.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Prior to moving to New York, she worked as a personal finance expert on a breakfast television program called 'Morning Coffee'.", "Becky Bloomwood __knowledge__ Becky met her future husband, Luke Brandon, CEO of Brandon Communications (a Public Relations firm) during a press conference while she was working as a financial journalist for 'Successful Saving' magazine.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS) is a brief screening tool for assessing the severity of shopping addiction.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The Bergen Scale is named after the city of Bergen, Norway, the location of the University of Bergen where lead author Cecilie Andreassen is a professor of Clinical Psychology.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS) consists of 28 statements.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ The participant is asked to rate how strongly each of the statements relates to their thoughts and behavior in the last 12 months.", "Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale __knowledge__ Each item is rated on a 5 point continuum of agreement: completely disagree, disagree, neither disagree nor agree, agree, completely agree.", "Addiction __knowledge__ Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.", "Addiction __knowledge__ Despite the involvement of a number of psychosocial factors, a biological process – one which is induced by repeated exposure to an addictive stimulus – is the core pathology that drives the development and maintenance of an addiction.", "Addiction __knowledge__ The two properties that characterize all addictive stimuli are that they are reinforcing (i.e., they increase the likelihood that a person will seek repeated exposure to them) and intrinsically rewarding (i.e., they are perceived as being inherently positive, desirable, and pleasurable).", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Self-publishing is the publication of any book, album or other media by its author without the involvement of an established publisher.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Unlike the traditional publishing model in which control of the publication is shared with a publisher, the author controls the entire process in a self-publishing effort including the design of the cover and the interior, price, distribution, marketing, and public relations.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ The authors can do all of these activities by themselves or they may outsource these tasks.", "Self-publishing __knowledge__ Self-publishing is not limited to physical books, but includes pamphlets and brochures, as well as digital media such as e-books and websites.", "Kindle Direct Publishing __knowledge__ Kindle Direct Publishing is Amazon.com's e-book publishing unit launched in November 2007, concurrently with the first Amazon Kindle device.", "Kindle Direct Publishing __knowledge__ Amazon launched Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP), originally called Digital Text Platform, to be used by authors and publishers to independently publish their books directly to Kindle and Kindle Apps worldwide.", "Kindle Direct Publishing __knowledge__ Authors can upload documents in several formats for delivery via Whispernet and charge between $0.99 and $200.00 for their works.", "Kindle Direct Publishing __knowledge__ These documents may be written in 34 languages.", "Kindle Direct Publishing __knowledge__ In 2016, Amazon also added a paperback option which uses print-on-demand technology with the goal of offering digital and print to self-publishers.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ The following is a comparison of e-book formats used to create and publish e-books.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ The EPUB format is the most widely supported vendor-independent XML-based (as opposed to PDF) e-book format; that is, it is supported by the largest number of e-Readers, including Amazon Kindle Fire (but not standard Kindle).", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ See table below for details.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ Formats available include, but are not limited to: The digital book format originally used by Sony Corporation.", "Comparison of e-book formats __knowledge__ It is a proprietary format, but some reader software for general-purpose computers, particularly under GNU/Linux (for example, Calibre's internal viewer), have the capability to read it.", "Sandaime J Soul Brothers __knowledge__ , officially known as Sandaime J Soul Brothers from Exile Tribe, are the third generation unit of the J Soul Brothers, a J-pop vocal and dance group formed by Exile leader Hiro.", "Sandaime J Soul Brothers __knowledge__ Sandaime J Soul Brothers are managed by Hiro's talent agency LDH, and are a part of the supergroup, Exile Tribe.", "Sandaime J Soul Brothers __knowledge__ Formed exclusively by Exile's \"Vocal Battle Audition\" in 2010, Sandaime J Soul Brothers released their first single \"Best Friend's Girl\" in November 2010, which peaked at number three on the Oricon Singles Chart.", "Sandaime J Soul Brothers __knowledge__ Their self-titled debut album \"J Soul Brothers\", released in 2011, also peaked at number three.", "Sandaime J Soul Brothers __knowledge__ In 2013, they achieved their first number-one record with their third album \"Miracle\".", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ This is a list of products and services offered by American corporation Amazon.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ Amazon product lines include several media (books, DVDs, music CDs, videotapes, and software), apparel, baby products, consumer electronics, beauty products, gourmet food, groceries, health and personal-care items, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, jewelry and watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, sporting goods, tools, automotive items and toys & games.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ The company launched amazon.com Auctions, a web auctions service, in March 1999.", "List of Amazon products and services __knowledge__ However, it failed to chip away at the large market share of the industry pioneer, eBay.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\"." ] ]

[ 0, 10, 11, 4 ]

[ "Let me tell you about my shopping addiction. It's like I have no impulse control at all!", "Mostly graphic novels. It starts off as window-shopping online, but then things get added to my cart, and then I check out with over $100 in books!", "I get the physical copies. I never got into the Kindle or other e-readers, except for regular books.", "It does when at the end of the month and I'm running out of money, but at least it's made me aware of other potential addictions I might have, such as internet and video game addictions." ]

[ "Shopping addiction", "Shopping addiction", "Shopping addiction", "Shopping addiction" ]

[ "Pepsi\ni like pepsi. There's nothing more refreshing. I drink it more than water.", "What? That's so weird. Who's Brad?", "Do you know where he came up with the name \"Pepsi\"? It sounds a little odd if you think about it.", "I have no idea! \"Skinny Brad\"?", "Hm... maybe Brad liked his patios, and wanted to just spread the word. Do you know what other ingredients are used in Pepsi?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink produced and manufactured by PepsiCo.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Originally created and developed in 1893 by Caleb Bradham and introduced as Brad's Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898, and then as Pepsi in 1961.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The drink Pepsi was first introduced as \"Brad's Drink\" in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his drugstore where the drink was sold.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ It was renamed Pepsi-Cola in 1898 after the root of the word \"dyspepsia\" and the kola nuts used in the recipe.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was appealing and would aid in digestion and boost energy.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as \"A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race.\"", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The advertising theme \"Delicious and Healthful\" was then used over the next two decades.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ Diet Pepsi and Diet Pepsi Classic Formula Blend are no-calorie carbonated cola soft drinks produced by PepsiCo, introduced in 1964 as a variant of Pepsi-Cola with no sugar.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ First test marketed in 1963 under the name Patio Diet Cola, it was re-branded as \"Diet Pepsi\" the following year, becoming the first diet cola to be distributed on a national scale in the United States.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ In the 1960s and 1970s its competition consisted of Tab, produced by The Coca-Cola Company, and Diet Rite soda, produced by Royal Crown.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ Diet Coke was a later entrant to the diet cola market; though shortly after entering production in 1982 it became the primary competing diet cola to Diet Pepsi.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe is the icon and logo for Pepsi, called as such because of the swirling \"red, white, & blue\" design in a sphere-like shape.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ It is considered one of the world's most recognizable corporate trademarks.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe originated in the 1940s as a logo and icon for Pepsi.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The colors of the Pepsi Globe are red, white and blue.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ This is one of the most recognizable logos not only in the United States, but also around the world.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe has undergone several changes throughout its inception in the 1940s with the most recent pivot taking place in 2009.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ This change was the most intense in terms of the amount of money and time that went into the branding, marketing, and visual culture involved in the underlying message for the logo.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ Pepsi Max (also known as Pepsi Black in some countries) is a low-calorie, sugar-free cola, marketed by PepsiCo as an alternative to their drinks Pepsi and Diet Pepsi.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ It is sold primarily in European and Asian markets.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ A drink with the same name but different formulation (containing ginseng and higher quantities of caffeine) was sold in the United States until it was renamed \"Pepsi Zero Sugar\" in late 2016.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ Pepsi Max debuted in Australia, United Kingdom and Italy in April 1993.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ The rollout was expanded to Ireland the following September, and to France, Greece, Spain, Portugal the Netherlands the following December.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ A soft drink (see terminology for other names) is a drink that typically contains carbonated water (although lemonade, among others, is usually not carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural or artificial flavoring.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ The sweetener may be sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, sugar substitutes (in the case of diet drinks), or some combination of these.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ Soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives, and other ingredients.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ Soft drinks are called \"soft\" in contrast with \"hard\" alcoholic beverages.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ Small amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic.", "New Coke __knowledge__ New Coke was the unofficial name for the reformulation of Coca-Cola introduced in April 1985 by the Coca-Cola Company to replace the original formula of its flagship soft drink, Coca-Cola (also called Coke).", "New Coke __knowledge__ New Coke originally had no separate name of its own but was simply known as \"the new taste of Coca-Cola\" until 1992, when it was renamed Coke Ⅱ. Coca-Cola's market share had been losing ground to diet soft drinks and non-cola beverages for many years.", "New Coke __knowledge__ Consumers who were purchasing regular colas seemed to prefer the sweeter taste of rival Pepsi-Cola, as Coca-Cola learned in conducting blind taste tests.", "PepsiCo __knowledge__ PepsiCo, Inc. is an American multinational food, snack, and beverage corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York.", "PepsiCo __knowledge__ PepsiCo has interests in the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products.", "PepsiCo __knowledge__ PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Inc. PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to a broader range of food and beverage brands, the largest of which included an acquisition of Tropicana Products in 1998 and the Quaker Oats Company in 2001, which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink produced and manufactured by PepsiCo.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Originally created and developed in 1893 by Caleb Bradham and introduced as Brad's Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898, and then as Pepsi in 1961.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The drink Pepsi was first introduced as \"Brad's Drink\" in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his drugstore where the drink was sold.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ It was renamed Pepsi-Cola in 1898 after the root of the word \"dyspepsia\" and the kola nuts used in the recipe.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was appealing and would aid in digestion and boost energy.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as \"A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race.\"", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The advertising theme \"Delicious and Healthful\" was then used over the next two decades.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Weird Tales is an American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine founded by J. C. Henneberger and J. M. Lansinger in March 1923.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first editor, Edwin Baird, printed early work by H. P. Lovecraft, Seabury Quinn, and Clark Ashton Smith, all of whom would go on to be popular writers, but within a year the magazine was in financial trouble.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ Henneberger sold his interest in the publisher, Rural Publishing Corporation, to Lansinger and refinanced \"Weird Tales\", with Farnsworth Wright as the new editor.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The first issue under Wright's control was dated November 1924.", "Weird Tales __knowledge__ The magazine was more successful under Wright, and despite occasional financial setbacks it prospered over the next fifteen years.", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ Bradley \"Brad\" Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\".", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 31 October 1989.", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ The character was initially played by Benjamin Mitchell, before Scott Michaelson took over the role two years later.", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ Brad was re-introduced alongside his sister, Gaby (Rachel Blakely), during a period of roller coaster ratings for the show.", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ Michaelson revealed that as soon as he learnt he had won the role of Brad, he went surfing five days in a row, as he knew he was going to be busy over the upcoming months.", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ Michaelson signed a new twelve-month contract with \"Neighbours\" in October 1992 and a year later, he announced he would be leaving the soap.", "Lauren Carpenter __knowledge__ Lauren Turner (also Carpenter) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Kate Kendall.", "Lauren Carpenter __knowledge__ The role was originally played by Sarah Vandenbergh, and she made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 16 February 1993.", "Lauren Carpenter __knowledge__ Lauren was introduced as the \"vivacious\" daughter of Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver).", "Lauren Carpenter __knowledge__ Vandenbergh described her as being happy, headstrong and into horses.", "Lauren Carpenter __knowledge__ She also thought that just by looking at the character you knew she was a girl next door type.", "Lauren Carpenter __knowledge__ Lauren's major storylines during her first stint in the show saw her have an affair with Brad Willis (Scott Michaelson), join a religious cult and begin a casual relationship with Wayne Duncan (Jonathon Sammy-Lee).", ""Weird Al" Yankovic __knowledge__ Alfred Matthew \"Weird Al\" Yankovic ( ; born October 23, 1959) is an American singer, songwriter, parodist, record producer, satirist, actor, voice actor, music video director, film producer, and author.", ""Weird Al" Yankovic __knowledge__ He is known for his humorous songs that make light of popular culture and often parody specific songs by contemporary musical acts, original songs that are style pastiches of the work of other acts, and polka medleys of several popular songs, featuring his favored instrument, the accordion.", ""Weird Al" Yankovic __knowledge__ Since his first-aired comedy song in 1976, he has sold more than 12 million albums (), recorded more than 150 parody and original songs, and has performed more than 1,000 live shows.", "Robert E. Howard __knowledge__ Robert Ervin Howard (January 22, 1906 – June 11, 1936) was an American author who wrote pulp fiction in a diverse range of genres.", "Robert E. Howard __knowledge__ He is well known for his character Conan the Barbarian and is regarded as the father of the sword and sorcery subgenre.", "Robert E. Howard __knowledge__ Howard was born and raised in Texas.", "Robert E. Howard __knowledge__ He spent most of his life in the town of Cross Plains, with some time spent in nearby Brownwood.", "Robert E. Howard __knowledge__ A bookish and intellectual child, he was also a fan of boxing and spent some time in his late teens bodybuilding, eventually taking up amateur boxing.", "Robert E. Howard __knowledge__ From the age of nine he dreamed of becoming a writer of adventure fiction but did not have real success until he was 23.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ Terese Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Rebekah Elmaloglou.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ The actress was cast in the role after attending an audition in late 2012.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ Before she began filming her first scenes in early February 2013, Elmaloglou had to ask the producers to change the pronunciation of her character's name.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ Elmaloglou's character and her family were created and introduced to \"Neighbours\", as part of an ongoing overhaul of the show's cast and renewed focus on family units within the show.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 14 May 2013.", "Crash Test Dummies __knowledge__ The Crash Test Dummies are a Canadian rock band from Winnipeg, Manitoba.", "Crash Test Dummies __knowledge__ The band is most identifiable through Brad Roberts (vocals, guitar) and his distinctive bass-baritone voice.", "Crash Test Dummies __knowledge__ The band members have fluctuated over the years, but its best known line-up consisted of Roberts, Ellen Reid (co-vocals, keyboards), Brad's brother Dan Roberts (bass guitar, backing vocals), Benjamin Darvill (harmonica, mandolin), and Mitch Dorge (drums, percussion).", "Crash Test Dummies __knowledge__ The band is best known internationally for their 1993 single \"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm\" and best known in Canada for the 1991 single Superman's Song.", "Crash Test Dummies __knowledge__ After a multi-year hiatus, the band returned in 2015 with a tour and the new charity single \"Promised Land\" which was a collaboration with Marc Mysterio following up his remix of \"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "K-Pop Star Hunt __knowledge__ K-POP Star Hunt was a regional competition that captured the popularity of Korean popular music (K-Pop) in Asia, and gave the Asian viewers a once in a lifetime opportunity to become a K-Pop star.", "K-Pop Star Hunt __knowledge__ K-pop Star Hunt was organized by CJ E&M and Fox International.", "K-Pop Star Hunt __knowledge__ The show was broadcast in southeast Asia by the main channel, Channel M (previously known as tvN Asia) and also other channels such as Star World Asia, Channel [V] and Mnet in South Korea.", "K-Pop Star Hunt __knowledge__ K-pop Star Hunt Seasons 1 and 2 has worked with Cube Entertainment in searching for the next K-pop star.", "K-Pop Star Hunt __knowledge__ FNC Entertainment took over as the star hunter in Season 3.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink produced and manufactured by PepsiCo.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Originally created and developed in 1893 by Caleb Bradham and introduced as Brad's Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898, and then as Pepsi in 1961.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The drink Pepsi was first introduced as \"Brad's Drink\" in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his drugstore where the drink was sold.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ It was renamed Pepsi-Cola in 1898 after the root of the word \"dyspepsia\" and the kola nuts used in the recipe.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was appealing and would aid in digestion and boost energy.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as \"A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race.\"", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The advertising theme \"Delicious and Healthful\" was then used over the next two decades.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe is the icon and logo for Pepsi, called as such because of the swirling \"red, white, & blue\" design in a sphere-like shape.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ It is considered one of the world's most recognizable corporate trademarks.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe originated in the 1940s as a logo and icon for Pepsi.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The colors of the Pepsi Globe are red, white and blue.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ This is one of the most recognizable logos not only in the United States, but also around the world.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe has undergone several changes throughout its inception in the 1940s with the most recent pivot taking place in 2009.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ This change was the most intense in terms of the amount of money and time that went into the branding, marketing, and visual culture involved in the underlying message for the logo.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Allahabad Address __knowledge__ The Allahabad Address () is a speech by Pakistani scholar Sir Muhammad Iqbal, one of the best-known in Pakistan history.", "Allahabad Address __knowledge__ It was delivered by Iqbal during the 25th annual session of the All-India Muslim League, on the afternoon of Monday, 29 December 1930, at Allahabad, British India.", "Allahabad Address __knowledge__ In this address Iqbal outlined a vision of an independent state for Muslim-majority provinces in northwestern India, thus becoming the first politician to articulate what would become known as the \"Two-nation theory\"—that Muslims are a distinct nation and thus deserve political independence from other regions and communities of India.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ Pepsi Max (also known as Pepsi Black in some countries) is a low-calorie, sugar-free cola, marketed by PepsiCo as an alternative to their drinks Pepsi and Diet Pepsi.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ It is sold primarily in European and Asian markets.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ A drink with the same name but different formulation (containing ginseng and higher quantities of caffeine) was sold in the United States until it was renamed \"Pepsi Zero Sugar\" in late 2016.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ Pepsi Max debuted in Australia, United Kingdom and Italy in April 1993.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ The rollout was expanded to Ireland the following September, and to France, Greece, Spain, Portugal the Netherlands the following December.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Pepsi Zero Sugar (known as Diet Pepsi Max until early 2009 and Pepsi Max until August 2016), is a zero-calorie, sugar-free, carbohydrate-free, ginseng-infused cola sweetened with aspartame, marketed by PepsiCo.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ It has nearly twice the caffeine of Pepsi's other cola beverages.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Pepsi used airtime during Super Bowl XLII to advertise the beverage; the commercial featured the song \"What Is Love\" by Haddaway, and showed people sleeping in inappropriate places and at inappropriate times, while bobbing their heads to the rhythm of the song.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Pepsi Max's current slogan in the US is \"Maximum taste.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Zero calories.\"", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Prayer\" is a song by American singer Madonna, from her fourth studio album of the same name.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ Sire Records released it as the album's lead single on March 3, 1989.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, the track denoted a more artistic and personal approach to songwriting for Madonna, who believed that she needed to cater more to her adult audience.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ The song is about a passionate young girl in love with God, who becomes the only male figure in her life.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Prayer\" is a pop rock song and incorporates gospel music.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ It features background vocals from a choir and also a rock guitar.", "Caleb Bradham __knowledge__ Caleb Davis Bradham (May 27, 1867 – February 19, 1934) was an American pharmacist, best known as the inventor of Pepsi.", "Caleb Bradham __knowledge__ Caleb Davis Bradham was born May 27, 1867 to George Washington and Julia McCann Bradham in Chinquapin, North Carolina.", "Caleb Bradham __knowledge__ Bradham was of English and Scotch-Irish descent.", "Caleb Bradham __knowledge__ He graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he was a member of the Philanthropic Society, and attended the University of Maryland School of Medicine.", "Caleb Bradham __knowledge__ Circa 1890, he dropped out of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, owing to his father's business going bankrupt.", "Caleb Bradham __knowledge__ After returning to North Carolina, he was a public school teacher for about a year, and soon thereafter opened a drug store in New Bern named the \"Bradham Drug Company\" that, like many other drug stores of the time, also housed a soda fountain.", "New Coke __knowledge__ New Coke was the unofficial name for the reformulation of Coca-Cola introduced in April 1985 by the Coca-Cola Company to replace the original formula of its flagship soft drink, Coca-Cola (also called Coke).", "New Coke __knowledge__ New Coke originally had no separate name of its own but was simply known as \"the new taste of Coca-Cola\" until 1992, when it was renamed Coke Ⅱ. Coca-Cola's market share had been losing ground to diet soft drinks and non-cola beverages for many years.", "New Coke __knowledge__ Consumers who were purchasing regular colas seemed to prefer the sweeter taste of rival Pepsi-Cola, as Coca-Cola learned in conducting blind taste tests.", "Bayard Wootten __knowledge__ Mary Bayard Morgan Wootten (1875–1959) was an American photographer She named Pepsi Cola and created its iconic logo for her neighbor Caleb Bradham who invented the drink.", "Bayard Wootten __knowledge__ Wootten was the first woman to make a photograph from an airplane in 1914, in her home town of New Bern North Carolina.", "Bayard Wootten __knowledge__ Wootten was the first woman in the National Guard, making the rank of, Adjutant General and Chief of publicity.", "Bayard Wootten __knowledge__ Her uncle was North Carolina Congressman, Hap Barden.", "Bayard Wootten __knowledge__ Wootten utilized Barden's power by providing images she made of a deteriorating Camp Bragg.", "Bayard Wootten __knowledge__ Her images of soldiers living in squalor, saved Camp Bragg from closure.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients, which were kola nuts (a source of caffeine) and coca leaves.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published.", "PepsiCo __knowledge__ PepsiCo, Inc. is an American multinational food, snack, and beverage corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York.", "PepsiCo __knowledge__ PepsiCo has interests in the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products.", "PepsiCo __knowledge__ PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Inc. PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to a broader range of food and beverage brands, the largest of which included an acquisition of Tropicana Products in 1998 and the Quaker Oats Company in 2001, which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink produced and manufactured by PepsiCo.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Originally created and developed in 1893 by Caleb Bradham and introduced as Brad's Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898, and then as Pepsi in 1961.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The drink Pepsi was first introduced as \"Brad's Drink\" in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his drugstore where the drink was sold.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ It was renamed Pepsi-Cola in 1898 after the root of the word \"dyspepsia\" and the kola nuts used in the recipe.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was appealing and would aid in digestion and boost energy.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as \"A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race.\"", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The advertising theme \"Delicious and Healthful\" was then used over the next two decades.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905.", "Skinny Puppy __knowledge__ Skinny Puppy is a Canadian industrial music group formed in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1982.", "Skinny Puppy __knowledge__ The group is widely considered to be one of the founders of the electro-industrial genre.", "Skinny Puppy __knowledge__ Initially envisioned as an experimental side project by cEvin Key (Kevin Crompton) while he was in the new wave band Images in Vogue, Skinny Puppy evolved into a full-time project with the addition of vocalist Nivek Ogre (Kevin Ogilvie).", "Skinny Puppy __knowledge__ Over the course of a dozen studio albums and many live tours, Key and Ogre have been the only constant members.", "Skinny Puppy __knowledge__ Other members have included Dwayne Goettel (1986–1995), Dave \"Rave\" Ogilvie (long-time associate, producer, and \"unofficial\" fourth member until 1995), Mark Walk (2003–present), and a number of guests, including Bill Leeb (1985–1986, under the pseudonym Wilhelm Schroeder), Al Jourgensen (1989), and many others.", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ Bradley \"Brad\" Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\".", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 31 October 1989.", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ The character was initially played by Benjamin Mitchell, before Scott Michaelson took over the role two years later.", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ Brad was re-introduced alongside his sister, Gaby (Rachel Blakely), during a period of roller coaster ratings for the show.", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ Michaelson revealed that as soon as he learnt he had won the role of Brad, he went surfing five days in a row, as he knew he was going to be busy over the upcoming months.", "Brad Willis (Neighbours) __knowledge__ Michaelson signed a new twelve-month contract with \"Neighbours\" in October 1992 and a year later, he announced he would be leaving the soap.", "Nivek Ogre __knowledge__ Nivek Ogre (born Kevin Graham Ogilvie December 5, 1962) is a Canadian musician, performance artist and actor best known as a founding member of the industrial music group Skinny Puppy.", "Nivek Ogre __knowledge__ Since that band featured another Kevin (Crompton, a.k.a.", "Nivek Ogre __knowledge__ cEvin Key) and was produced by another Ogilvie (Dave, a.k.a.", "Nivek Ogre __knowledge__ Rave), Ogre's alias was practical as well as theatrical.", "Nivek Ogre __knowledge__ Since 1982, he has served as Skinny Puppy's primary lyricist and vocalist, occasionally providing instrumentation and samples.", "Nivek Ogre __knowledge__ Ogre's charismatic personality, guttural vocals and use of costumes, props, and fake blood on stage helped to expand Skinny Puppy's fanbase and has inspired numerous other musicians.", "Slim-fit pants __knowledge__ Slim-fit pants or skinny jeans (when made of denim) have a snug fit through the legs and end in a small leg opening that can be anywhere from 9\" to 20\" in circumference, depending on size.", "Slim-fit pants __knowledge__ Other names for this style include drainpipes, stovepipes, tight pants, cigarette pants, skinny jeans, pencil pants, skinny pants, gas pipes, and skinnies.", "Slim-fit pants __knowledge__ Skinny jeans taper completely at the bottom of the leg, whereas drainpipe jeans are skinny but then the lower leg is straight instead of tapering and so they are often slightly baggier at the bottom of the leg than skinny jeans.", "Slim-fit pants __knowledge__ In some styles, zippers are needed at the bottom of the leg to facilitate pulling them over the feet.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ Terese Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Rebekah Elmaloglou.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ The actress was cast in the role after attending an audition in late 2012.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ Before she began filming her first scenes in early February 2013, Elmaloglou had to ask the producers to change the pronunciation of her character's name.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ Elmaloglou's character and her family were created and introduced to \"Neighbours\", as part of an ongoing overhaul of the show's cast and renewed focus on family units within the show.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 14 May 2013.", "Too Dark Park __knowledge__ Too Dark Park is the sixth studio album by the industrial music group Skinny Puppy.", "Too Dark Park __knowledge__ The album cover features the debut appearance of the band's \"SP\" logo.", "Too Dark Park __knowledge__ The cover art was created by Vancouver based artist Jim Cummins.", "Too Dark Park __knowledge__ The artwork for this album and its associated singles was inspired by cosmic horror stories such as the Cthulhu Mythos.", "Too Dark Park __knowledge__ The album was recorded \"spontaneously\" at Mushroom Studios and mixed at Little Mountain Sound Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia.", "Too Dark Park __knowledge__ Though guitar is used throughout, the album takes a step back from the Ministry-inspired direction of the band's previous release, favoring instead a more chaotic, electronic sound.", "Skinny Dip (novel) __knowledge__ Skinny Dip is a caper novel by Carl Hiaasen first published in 2004.", "Skinny Dip (novel) __knowledge__ Set in South Florida in the course of April, 2003, it is about a woman, Joey Perrone, who takes revenge on her cheating husband after he has tried to murder her.", "Skinny Dip (novel) __knowledge__ It is also one of Hiaasen’s more topical novels, since the plot also revolves around the ongoing restoration of the Everglades to a natural habitat.", "Skinny Dip (novel) __knowledge__ A \"skinny-dipper\" is someone who swims in the nude, thus showing all their skin.", "Skinny Dip (novel) __knowledge__ \"Skinny Dip\" refers to the fact that when Joey Perrone is thrown overboard the impact when hitting the surface of the water tears off all her clothes so that on the following morning her rescuer finds her not only completely exhausted but also stark naked.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients, which were kola nuts (a source of caffeine) and coca leaves.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ Diet Pepsi and Diet Pepsi Classic Formula Blend are no-calorie carbonated cola soft drinks produced by PepsiCo, introduced in 1964 as a variant of Pepsi-Cola with no sugar.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ First test marketed in 1963 under the name Patio Diet Cola, it was re-branded as \"Diet Pepsi\" the following year, becoming the first diet cola to be distributed on a national scale in the United States.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ In the 1960s and 1970s its competition consisted of Tab, produced by The Coca-Cola Company, and Diet Rite soda, produced by Royal Crown.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ Diet Coke was a later entrant to the diet cola market; though shortly after entering production in 1982 it became the primary competing diet cola to Diet Pepsi.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe is the icon and logo for Pepsi, called as such because of the swirling \"red, white, & blue\" design in a sphere-like shape.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ It is considered one of the world's most recognizable corporate trademarks.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe originated in the 1940s as a logo and icon for Pepsi.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The colors of the Pepsi Globe are red, white and blue.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ This is one of the most recognizable logos not only in the United States, but also around the world.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe has undergone several changes throughout its inception in the 1940s with the most recent pivot taking place in 2009.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ This change was the most intense in terms of the amount of money and time that went into the branding, marketing, and visual culture involved in the underlying message for the logo.", "Kola nut __knowledge__ The kola nut is the fruit of the kola tree, a genus (\"Cola\") of trees that are native to the tropical rainforests of Africa.", "Kola nut __knowledge__ The caffeine-containing fruit of the tree is used as a flavoring ingredient in beverages, and is the origin of the term \"cola\".", "Kola nut __knowledge__ The kola nut is a caffeine-containing nut of evergreen trees of the genus \"Cola\", primarily of the species \"Cola acuminata\" and \"Cola nitida\".", "Kola nut __knowledge__ \"Cola acuminata\", an evergreen tree about 20 metres in height, has long, ovoid leaves pointed at both the ends with a leathery texture.", "Kola nut __knowledge__ The trees have yellow flowers with purple spots, and star-shaped fruit.", "PepsiCo __knowledge__ PepsiCo, Inc. is an American multinational food, snack, and beverage corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York.", "PepsiCo __knowledge__ PepsiCo has interests in the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products.", "PepsiCo __knowledge__ PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Inc. PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to a broader range of food and beverage brands, the largest of which included an acquisition of Tropicana Products in 1998 and the Quaker Oats Company in 2001, which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Pepsi Zero Sugar (known as Diet Pepsi Max until early 2009 and Pepsi Max until August 2016), is a zero-calorie, sugar-free, carbohydrate-free, ginseng-infused cola sweetened with aspartame, marketed by PepsiCo.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ It has nearly twice the caffeine of Pepsi's other cola beverages.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Pepsi used airtime during Super Bowl XLII to advertise the beverage; the commercial featured the song \"What Is Love\" by Haddaway, and showed people sleeping in inappropriate places and at inappropriate times, while bobbing their heads to the rhythm of the song.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Pepsi Max's current slogan in the US is \"Maximum taste.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Zero calories.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink produced and manufactured by PepsiCo.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Originally created and developed in 1893 by Caleb Bradham and introduced as Brad's Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898, and then as Pepsi in 1961.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The drink Pepsi was first introduced as \"Brad's Drink\" in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his drugstore where the drink was sold.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ It was renamed Pepsi-Cola in 1898 after the root of the word \"dyspepsia\" and the kola nuts used in the recipe.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was appealing and would aid in digestion and boost energy.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as \"A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race.\"", "Pepsi __knowledge__ The advertising theme \"Delicious and Healthful\" was then used over the next two decades.", "Pepsi __knowledge__ In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Pepsi Zero Sugar (known as Diet Pepsi Max until early 2009 and Pepsi Max until August 2016), is a zero-calorie, sugar-free, carbohydrate-free, ginseng-infused cola sweetened with aspartame, marketed by PepsiCo.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ It has nearly twice the caffeine of Pepsi's other cola beverages.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Pepsi used airtime during Super Bowl XLII to advertise the beverage; the commercial featured the song \"What Is Love\" by Haddaway, and showed people sleeping in inappropriate places and at inappropriate times, while bobbing their heads to the rhythm of the song.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Pepsi Max's current slogan in the US is \"Maximum taste.", "Pepsi Zero Sugar __knowledge__ Zero calories.\"", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ Diet Pepsi and Diet Pepsi Classic Formula Blend are no-calorie carbonated cola soft drinks produced by PepsiCo, introduced in 1964 as a variant of Pepsi-Cola with no sugar.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ First test marketed in 1963 under the name Patio Diet Cola, it was re-branded as \"Diet Pepsi\" the following year, becoming the first diet cola to be distributed on a national scale in the United States.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ In the 1960s and 1970s its competition consisted of Tab, produced by The Coca-Cola Company, and Diet Rite soda, produced by Royal Crown.", "Diet Pepsi __knowledge__ Diet Coke was a later entrant to the diet cola market; though shortly after entering production in 1982 it became the primary competing diet cola to Diet Pepsi.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe is the icon and logo for Pepsi, called as such because of the swirling \"red, white, & blue\" design in a sphere-like shape.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ It is considered one of the world's most recognizable corporate trademarks.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe originated in the 1940s as a logo and icon for Pepsi.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The colors of the Pepsi Globe are red, white and blue.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ This is one of the most recognizable logos not only in the United States, but also around the world.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ The Pepsi Globe has undergone several changes throughout its inception in the 1940s with the most recent pivot taking place in 2009.", "Pepsi Globe __knowledge__ This change was the most intense in terms of the amount of money and time that went into the branding, marketing, and visual culture involved in the underlying message for the logo.", "New Coke __knowledge__ New Coke was the unofficial name for the reformulation of Coca-Cola introduced in April 1985 by the Coca-Cola Company to replace the original formula of its flagship soft drink, Coca-Cola (also called Coke).", "New Coke __knowledge__ New Coke originally had no separate name of its own but was simply known as \"the new taste of Coca-Cola\" until 1992, when it was renamed Coke Ⅱ. Coca-Cola's market share had been losing ground to diet soft drinks and non-cola beverages for many years.", "New Coke __knowledge__ Consumers who were purchasing regular colas seemed to prefer the sweeter taste of rival Pepsi-Cola, as Coca-Cola learned in conducting blind taste tests.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ Pepsi Max (also known as Pepsi Black in some countries) is a low-calorie, sugar-free cola, marketed by PepsiCo as an alternative to their drinks Pepsi and Diet Pepsi.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ It is sold primarily in European and Asian markets.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ A drink with the same name but different formulation (containing ginseng and higher quantities of caffeine) was sold in the United States until it was renamed \"Pepsi Zero Sugar\" in late 2016.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ Pepsi Max debuted in Australia, United Kingdom and Italy in April 1993.", "Pepsi Max __knowledge__ The rollout was expanded to Ireland the following September, and to France, Greece, Spain, Portugal the Netherlands the following December.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Patio (soda) __knowledge__ Patio Diet Cola was a brand of diet soda introduced by Pepsi in 1963.", "Patio (soda) __knowledge__ It was created in response to Diet Rite Cola.", "Patio (soda) __knowledge__ Fitness promoter Debbie Drake was Patio Diet Cola's spokesperson; the drink was also marketed as a soda alternative for diabetics.", "Patio (soda) __knowledge__ In 1964, Patio released orange, grape, and root beer flavors.", "Patio (soda) __knowledge__ This flavor line was not meant to compete with brands like Orange Crush, but rather fill out the line.", "Patio (soda) __knowledge__ Patio sodas were available in the cold-bottle market: grocery and mom-and-pop stores.", "Patio (soda) __knowledge__ Advertising for Patio was comparatively scarce; at the time, bottlers were regionally franchised, and related advertising was necessarily local.", "Diet drink __knowledge__ Diet (alternatively marketed as sugar-free, zero-calorie or low-calorie) drinks are sugar-free, artificially sweetened versions of fizzy beverages with virtually no calories.", "Diet drink __knowledge__ They are generally marketed toward health-conscious people, diabetics, athletes, and other people who want to lose weight, improve physical fitness, or reduce their sugar intake.", "Diet drink __knowledge__ The beginning of the diet drink or refreshment era was in 1952, when Kirsch Bottling in Brooklyn, New York launched a sugar-free ginger ale called No-Cal.", "Diet drink __knowledge__ It was designed for diabetics, not dieters, and distribution remained local.", "Diet drink __knowledge__ Royal Crown Cola placed an announcement in an Atlanta newspaper in 1958 announcing a diet product, Diet Rite.", "Donald M. Kendall __knowledge__ Donald Mcintosh \"Don\" Kendall (born March 16, 1921) is a former businessman and political adviser.", "Donald M. Kendall __knowledge__ He is a former CEO of Pepsi Cola (which merged with Herman Lay's Frito Lay, Inc. to become PepsiCo in 1965) and served as CEO of PepsiCo from 1971 to 1986.", "Donald M. Kendall __knowledge__ He was born in Clallam County, Washington, where his family owned a dairy farm, in 1921.", "Donald M. Kendall __knowledge__ In 1942 he joined the US Navy.", "Donald M. Kendall __knowledge__ As a bomber pilot he assisted in the Landings at Manila Bay, Mindoro and Leyte Gulf.", "Donald M. Kendall __knowledge__ He was awarded 3 Air Medals and a Distinguished Flying Cross.", "Donald M. Kendall __knowledge__ Kendall attended Western Kentucky State College.", "Donald M. Kendall __knowledge__ He is the recipient of an Honorary Doctorate of Law Degree from Stetson University, DeLand, Florida; an Honorary Doctorate of Law Degree from Babson College, Wellesley, Massachusetts; and a Doctor of Law from Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington.", "Diet Coke __knowledge__ Diet Coke (called Coca-Cola Light in some countries) is a sugar-free soft drink produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company.", "Diet Coke __knowledge__ It contains artificial sweeteners.", "Diet Coke __knowledge__ Unveiled on July 8, 1982 and introduced in the United States on August 9, it was the first new brand since 1886 to use the Coca-Cola trademark.", "Diet Coke __knowledge__ The product quickly overtook the company's existing diet cola, Tab, in sales.", "Diet Coke __knowledge__ When Tab was released in 1963, the Coca-Cola Company refused to release a diet soda with the Coca-Cola name, fearing that its flagship brand might suffer.", "Diet Coke __knowledge__ Its rival Pepsi had no such qualms, and after the long-term success of its sugar-free Diet Pepsi (launched in 1964) became clear, Coca-Cola decided to launch a competing sugar-free brand under the Coca-Cola name, which could be marketed more easily than Tab.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients, which were kola nuts (a source of caffeine) and coca leaves.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published." ] ]

[ 2, 2, 4, 55, 11 ]

[ "I love it too! It was created in 1893 and called \"Brad's Drink\" of all things lol ", "Well the guys name who invented it was named Caleb Bradham so I'm assuming it was a play on his last name. IT changed to Pepsi-Cola in 1898 then just Pepsi in 1961.", "I was wondering that too but come to find out it's names after the root of the word \"dyspepsia\" and the kola nuts used in the recipe. Wanna know a real weird name? Guess what they used to call Diet Pepsi!", "\"Patio Diet Cola\" lol How weird is that? I don't even know where that name came from!", "According to their advertising theme in the beginning it's full of \"Delicious and Healthful\" ingredients lol we know now that's not true at all even though it is delicious!" ]

[ "Pepsi", "Pepsi", "Pepsi", "Pepsi", "Pepsi" ]

[ "Ice hockey", "Oh really? Aren't you afraid of getting hurt?", "Yes, and it can get violent can't it?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Princess and I __knowledge__ Princess and I is a 2012 Philippine teen television drama starring Kathryn Bernardo, Enrique Gil and Daniel Padilla together with an ensemble cast, it aired on ABS-CBN's \"Primetime Bida\" evening block and worldwide on The Filipino Channel.", "Princess and I __knowledge__ The show aired from April 16, 2012 to February 1, 2013.", "Princess and I __knowledge__ Princess Areeyah \"Mikay\" Wangchuck (Kathryn Bernardo) grew up with her adoptive family.", "Princess and I __knowledge__ She is close to her father Dinoy Maghirang (Dominic Ochoa), mother and two sisters.", "Princess and I __knowledge__ Unbeknownst to all of them, she is the only daughter of King Anand Wangchuck (Albert Martinez) and Queen Isabel Wangchuck (Precious Lara Quigaman) and is the long-lost crown princess of the fictional Kingdom of Yangdon (based on real world Bhutan).", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Limp Bizkit __knowledge__ Limp Bizkit is an American rap rock band from Jacksonville, Florida, formed in 1995.", "Limp Bizkit __knowledge__ Their lineup consists of Fred Durst (lead vocals), Sam Rivers (bass, backing vocals), John Otto (drums, percussion), and Wes Borland (guitars, backing vocals).", "Limp Bizkit __knowledge__ Their music is marked by Durst's angry vocal delivery and Borland's sonic experimentation.", "Limp Bizkit __knowledge__ Borland's elaborate visual appearance, which includes face and body paint, masks and uniforms, also plays a large role in the band's elaborate live shows.", "Limp Bizkit __knowledge__ The band has been nominated for three Grammy Awards, have sold 40 million records worldwide and won several other awards.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Roller in-line hockey is a team sport played on a wood, asphalt, cement or sport tile surface, in which players use a hockey stick to shoot a hard plastic hockey puck into their opponent's goal to score points.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is considered a contact sport but body checking is prohibited.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions to that with the NRHL which involves fighting.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Inline hockey teams are composed of up to four lines of players including two forwards and two defensemen on each line.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ There are five players including the goalie from each team on the rink at a time.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is the goalie's job to prevent the other team's players from scoring.", "Contact sport __knowledge__ Contact sports are sports that emphasize or require physical contact between players.", "Contact sport __knowledge__ Some sports, such as mixed martial arts, are scored on impacting an opponent, while others, including rugby football, require tackling of players.", "Contact sport __knowledge__ These sports are often known as full-contact, as the sport cannot be undertaken without contact.", "Contact sport __knowledge__ Other sports have contact, but such events are illegal under the rules of the game or are accidental and do not form part of the sport.", "Contact sport __knowledge__ The contact in contact sports can also include impact via a piece of sporting equipment, such as being struck by a hockey stick or football.", "Concussions in sport __knowledge__ Concussions, a type of traumatic brain injury, are a frequent concern for those playing sports, from children and teenagers to professional athletes.", "Concussions in sport __knowledge__ Repeated concussions are a known cause of various neurological disorders, most notably chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which in professional athletes has led to premature retirement, erratic behavior and even suicide.", "Concussions in sport __knowledge__ Because concussions cannot be seen on X-rays or CT scans, attempts to prevent concussions have been difficult.", "Concussions in sport __knowledge__ A concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic forces.", "Concussions in sport __knowledge__ Concussion may be caused either by a direct blow to the head, face, neck or elsewhere on the body with an \"impulsive\" force transmitted to the head.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The United Kingdom has given birth to a range of major international sports including: association football, rugby (union and league), cricket, netball, darts, golf, tennis, table tennis, badminton, squash, bowls, modern rowing, hockey, boxing, snooker, billiards, and curling.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ This has meant that in the infancy of many sports, England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland formed among the earliest separate governing bodies, national teams and domestic league competitions.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ After 1922 some sports formed separate bodies for Northern Ireland though some continued to be organised on an all-Ireland basis.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In a small number of sports, these teams are supplemented by high-profile events featuring a combined team representing one or more nations.", "Roller hockey __knowledge__ Roller hockey is a form of hockey played on a dry surface using wheeled skates.", "Roller hockey __knowledge__ Most professional-inline hockey games take place on an indoor or outdoor sport court (a type of plastic interlinking tiles used to create a skating surface).", "Roller hockey __knowledge__ Otherwise, any dry surface can be used to host a game, typically a roller rink, macadam, or cement.", "Roller hockey __knowledge__ The term \"Roller Hockey\" is often used interchangeably to refer to three variant forms chiefly differentiated by the equipment used.", "Roller hockey __knowledge__ There is traditional \"Roller hockey\" (Quad hockey, Rink hockey), played with quad skates and a ball (without contact), \"Inline hockey\", played with inline skates and puck (without contact) and \"Skater hockey\", played with quad skates or inline skates and plastic ball (with contact like ice hockey)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "LGBT rights in Jamaica __knowledge__ Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Jamaica, particularly men, face legal and social issues not experienced by non-LGBT people.", "LGBT rights in Jamaica __knowledge__ Sodomy and/or buggery are punishable by life imprisonment.", "LGBT rights in Jamaica __knowledge__ On the other hand, sexual behaviour between women is legal.", "LGBT rights in Jamaica __knowledge__ Jamaica has been described by some human rights groups as the most homophobic country in the world because of the high level of violent crime directed at LGBT people.", "LGBT rights in Jamaica __knowledge__ The United States Department of State said that in 2012, \"homophobia was widespread in the country\".", "LGBT rights in Jamaica __knowledge__ The government of Jamaica said in 2012 that it \"is committed to the equal and fair treatment of its citizens, and affirms that any individual whose rights are alleged to have been infringed has a right to seek redress.\"", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ The series centers on Tori Vega, a student of Hollywood Arts High School, who gets into wacky screwball situations on a daily basis.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ Tori Vega (Victoria Justice) is the younger sister of Trina Vega and attends Hollywood Arts, a performing arts high school, along with her sister.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ When Trina experiences an allergic reaction to a Chinese herb before a big showcase at school, Tori is volunteered by Andre to take her place since she knew the piece meant to be played.", "List of Victorious characters __knowledge__ Tori performs \"Make it Shine\" (the \"Victorious\" theme song) and everyone is impressed with her performance, including the principal, who offers her enrollment to the school.", "Lincoln Heights (TV series) __knowledge__ Lincoln Heights is an American family drama television series about Eddie Sutton, a Mission Vista police officer who moves his family back to his old neighborhood, Lincoln Heights, to start a new life and to help out his old neighborhood.", "Lincoln Heights (TV series) __knowledge__ It is a dangerous place to raise a family, and through the many trials the family goes through, they soon learn that settling in is not as easy as it seems.", "Lincoln Heights (TV series) __knowledge__ While Officer Sutton struggles to cope with everyday life as a street cop in Los Angeles, his kids try to fit in at their new schools and with their new neighbors.", "Lincoln Heights (TV series) __knowledge__ The show premiered January 8, 2007 on the ABC Family network with 13 episodes ordered for the first season.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "List of EastEnders characters (1988) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters first appearing in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 1988, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (1988) __knowledge__ Sufia Karim is played by Rani Singh.", "List of EastEnders characters (1988) __knowledge__ Sufia makes her first appearance in Walford in 1988, when she moves to Walford with her husband Ashraf (Aftab Sachak) and their children Shireen (Nisha Kapur) and Sohail (Ronnie Jhutti).", "List of EastEnders characters (1988) __knowledge__ In 1989 she discovers that Ashraf is having an affair with a woman named Stella (Cindy O'Callaghan).", "List of EastEnders characters (1988) __knowledge__ This affair is eventually exposed to the community, leading to the family leaving Walford for Bristol in June 1990.", "List of EastEnders characters (1988) __knowledge__ Kenny Beale is played by Michael Attwell.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Roller in-line hockey is a team sport played on a wood, asphalt, cement or sport tile surface, in which players use a hockey stick to shoot a hard plastic hockey puck into their opponent's goal to score points.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is considered a contact sport but body checking is prohibited.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions to that with the NRHL which involves fighting.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Inline hockey teams are composed of up to four lines of players including two forwards and two defensemen on each line.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ There are five players including the goalie from each team on the rink at a time.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is the goalie's job to prevent the other team's players from scoring.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Wayne Douglas Gretzky (; born January 26, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and former head coach.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ He played twenty seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for four teams from 1979 to 1999.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"The Great One\", he has been called \"the greatest hockey player ever\" by many sportswriters, players, and the league itself.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ Gretzky is the leading scorer in NHL history, with more goals and assists than any other player.", "Wayne Gretzky __knowledge__ He garnered more assists than any other player scored total points, and is the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season – a feat he accomplished four times.", "Summit Series __knowledge__ The Summit Series, or Super Series (in Russian \"Суперсерия СССР — Канада\"; \"Superseriya SSSR — Canada\"), known at the time simply as the Canada–USSR Series, was an eight-game series of ice hockey between the Soviet Union and Canada, held in September 1972.", "Summit Series __knowledge__ It was the first competition between the Soviet national team and a Canadian team represented by professional players of the National Hockey League (NHL), known as \"Team Canada\".", "Summit Series __knowledge__ It was the first international ice hockey competition for Canada after Canada had withdrawn from international ice hockey competitions in a dispute with the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Based on the number of participating athletes, bandy is the world's second most popular winter sport after ice hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is also the number two winter sport in tickets sold per day of competitions at the sport's world championship compared to the other winter sports.", "Bandy __knowledge__ The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a common background with association football, ice hockey and field hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Like football, the game is normally played in halves of 45 minutes each, there are eleven players on each team, and the bandy field is about the same size as a football pitch.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ The Miracle on Manchester is the nickname given to a National Hockey League (NHL) playoff game between the Los Angeles Kings and Edmonton Oilers that took place on April 10, 1982 in the league's 65th season.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ The game, the third in a best-of-five postseason series, was played at The Forum, the Kings' home arena at the time, which was situated on Manchester Boulevard (hence the nickname) in the Los Angeles suburb of Inglewood.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ The Kings completed the largest comeback in NHL playoff history, going from being down 5-0 to win the game 6-5 in overtime.", "Miracle on Manchester __knowledge__ Combined with upset wins in Games 1 and 5, the Kings eliminated the heavily favored Wayne Gretzky-led Oilers in a 3-2 series victory to reach the second round.", "Underwater hockey __knowledge__ Underwater Hockey (UWH), also known as Octopush (mainly in the United Kingdom) is a globally played limited-contact sport in which two teams compete to manoeuvre a puck across the bottom of a swimming pool into the opposing team's goal by propelling it with a hockey stick (bat).", "Underwater hockey __knowledge__ It originated in England in 1954 when Alice Cleverley, the founder of the newly formed Southsea Sub-Aqua Club, invented the game she called Octopush as a means of keeping the club's members interested and active over the cold winter months when open-water diving lost its appeal.", "Underwater hockey __knowledge__ Underwater Hockey is now played worldwide, with the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques, abbreviated CMAS, as the world governing body." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "I have been getting into the contact sport ice hockey. ", "I havent played hockey yet. I just enjoy watching for now. The sport is uaully played in a rink between two teams. They are both trying shoot a rubber puck into the opponents goal. ", "Most contacts sport can be. Ice hockey is very fast paced and physical." ]

[ "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey" ]

[ "The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\nDid you ever watch the Little Mermaid? I thought it was a good movie", "Why is it referred to as that?", "Oh okay, yeah they really got better with Toy story, monsters inc and finding nemo too", "They are almost 100 years old, that is crazy to think about, matching trends for that long" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ Based on the Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen, \"The Little Mermaid\" tells the story of a beautiful mermaid princess who dreams of becoming human.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ Written, produced, and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with music by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman (who also served as a co-producer), the film features the voices of Jodi Benson, Christopher Daniel Barnes, Pat Carroll, Samuel E. Wright, Jason Marin, Kenneth Mars, Buddy Hackett, and René Auberjonois.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ The 28th Disney animated feature film, \"The Little Mermaid\" was released to theaters on November 17, 1989 to largely positive reviews, garnering $84 million at the domestic box office during its initial release, and $211 million in total lifetime gross worldwide.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ After the success of the 1988 Disney/Amblin film \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", \"The Little Mermaid\" is given credit for breathing life back into the art of Disney animated feature films after a string of critical or commercial failures produced by Disney that dated back to the early 1970s.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ It also marked the start of the era known as the Disney Renaissance.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ The Little Mermaid is a Disney media franchise.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ The success of the 1989 American animated feature film \"The Little Mermaid\" led to a direct-to-video sequel, a prequel film, a spin-off television series, a musical, several video games, theme park attractions, and other merchandise.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ A live action remake of the film is in development.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ \"The Little Mermaid\" paved the way for what would become the Disney Renaissance, with the original film becoming the first film of that era.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ \"The Little Mermaid\" is the original film of the franchise.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ It was produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, and was released to theaters on November 15, 1989 by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Part of Your World __knowledge__ \"Part of Your World\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures' 28th animated feature film \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989).", "Part of Your World __knowledge__ Performed by American actress and singer Jodi Benson in the titular role as Ariel, a mermaid princess, \"Part of Your World\" is a power ballad in which the main character expresses her strong desire to become human; its lyrics use placeholder names in lieu of several human-related terms that would be unfamiliar to a mermaid.", "Part of Your World __knowledge__ The film's theme song, \"Part of Your World\" is reprised by Ariel after she rescues Eric, a human prince with whom she has fallen in love, from drowning.", "Ursula (Disney) __knowledge__ Ursula is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 28th animated feature film \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989).", "Ursula (Disney) __knowledge__ Voiced by American actress Pat Carroll, Ursula is a villainous sea witch who tricks a mermaid princess named Ariel into trading her voice for a pair of human legs, at first appearing to be providing the character with an opportunity to become human by temporarily transforming her into one so that she may earn the love of Prince Eric within three days.", "Ursula (Disney) __knowledge__ However, Ursula is, in fact, determined to sabotage Ariel's chances at any expense so that she can ultimately replace the mermaid's father King Triton as ruler over Atlantica.", "Ariel (Disney) __knowledge__ Ariel is a fictional character and the title character of Walt Disney Pictures' 28th animated film \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989).", "Ariel (Disney) __knowledge__ She subsequently appears in the film's prequel television series (1992—1994), direct-to-video sequel \"\" (2000), and direct-to-video prequel \"\" (2008).", "Ariel (Disney) __knowledge__ Ariel is voiced by Jodi Benson in all official animated appearances and merchandise.", "Ariel (Disney) __knowledge__ She is fourth in the Disney Princess lineup, the first nonhuman princess, and the only princess to become a mother to her own child.", "Ariel (Disney) __knowledge__ Ariel has a distinctive appearance, with her long, flowing, bright red hair, blue eyes, green mermaid tail and purple seashell bikini top.", "The Little Mermaid __knowledge__ \"The Little Mermaid\" () is a fairy tale written by the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen about a young mermaid who is willing to give up her life in the sea and her identity as a mermaid to gain a human soul.", "The Little Mermaid __knowledge__ The tale was first published in 1837 and has been adapted to various media, including musical theatre and an animated film.", "The Little Mermaid __knowledge__ The Little Mermaid dwells in an underwater kingdom with her widowed father (the sea king or Mer-King), her dowager grandmother, and her five older sisters, each of whom had been born one year apart.", "The Little Mermaid __knowledge__ When a mermaid turns fifteen, she is permitted to swim to the surface for the first time to glimpse the world above, and when the sisters become old enough, each of them visits the upper world one at a time every year.", "Mermaid __knowledge__ A mermaid is a legendary aquatic creature with the head and upper body of a female human and the tail of a fish.", "Mermaid __knowledge__ Mermaids appear in the folklore of many cultures worldwide, including the Near East, Europe, Africa and Asia.", "Mermaid __knowledge__ The first stories appeared in ancient Assyria, in which the goddess Atargatis transformed herself into a mermaid out of shame for accidentally killing her human lover.", "Mermaid __knowledge__ Mermaids are sometimes associated with perilous events such as floods, storms, shipwrecks and drownings.", "Mermaid __knowledge__ In other folk traditions (or sometimes within the same tradition), they can be benevolent or beneficent, bestowing boons or falling in love with humans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ Based on the Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen, \"The Little Mermaid\" tells the story of a beautiful mermaid princess who dreams of becoming human.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ Written, produced, and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with music by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman (who also served as a co-producer), the film features the voices of Jodi Benson, Christopher Daniel Barnes, Pat Carroll, Samuel E. Wright, Jason Marin, Kenneth Mars, Buddy Hackett, and René Auberjonois.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ The 28th Disney animated feature film, \"The Little Mermaid\" was released to theaters on November 17, 1989 to largely positive reviews, garnering $84 million at the domestic box office during its initial release, and $211 million in total lifetime gross worldwide.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ After the success of the 1988 Disney/Amblin film \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", \"The Little Mermaid\" is given credit for breathing life back into the art of Disney animated feature films after a string of critical or commercial failures produced by Disney that dated back to the early 1970s.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ It also marked the start of the era known as the Disney Renaissance.", "Impeachment investigations of United States federal judges __knowledge__ There have been numerous attempts to impeach federal judges in the United States; a few have been successful in either forcing resignation or removing the judge.", "Impeachment investigations of United States federal judges __knowledge__ there have been sixty-one federal judges or Supreme Court Justices investigated for impeachment.", "Impeachment investigations of United States federal judges __knowledge__ On May 10, 1796, the House received a report from the Attorney General on the conduct of George Turner a judge in the Northwest Territory, which included demands for bribes, and the wanton levy of fines without trial.", "Impeachment investigations of United States federal judges __knowledge__ The report was referred to a select committee for further action.", "Impeachment investigations of United States federal judges __knowledge__ On February 16, 1797, Judge Turner requested that a hearing on any potential charges be conducted while he was in town.", "List of bills related to international child abduction by US Congress __knowledge__ Sponsor: Rep Smith, Christopher H. [NJ-4] (introduced 2/4/2009) Cosponsors (57) Committees: House Foreign Affairs Latest Major Action: 3/11/2009 Passed/agreed to in House.", "List of bills related to international child abduction by US Congress __knowledge__ Status: On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 418 - 0 (Roll no.", "List of bills related to international child abduction by US Congress __knowledge__ 120).", "List of bills related to international child abduction by US Congress __knowledge__ Sponsor: Rep Moran, James P. [VA-8] (introduced 5/5/2010) Cosponsors (34) Committees: House Foreign Affairs Latest Major Action: 9/29/2010 Passed/agreed to in House.", "List of bills related to international child abduction by US Congress __knowledge__ Status: On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 416 - 1 (Roll no.", "Referred pain __knowledge__ Referred pain, also called reflective pain, is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus.", "Referred pain __knowledge__ An example is the case of angina pectoris brought on by a myocardial infarction (heart attack), where pain is often felt in the neck, shoulders, and back rather than in the thorax (chest), the site of the injury.", "Referred pain __knowledge__ The International Association for the Study of Pain has not officially defined the term; hence several authors have defined the term differently.", "Referred pain __knowledge__ Radiating pain is slightly different from referred pain; for example, the pain related to a myocardial infarction could either be referred or radiating pain from the chest.", "Referred itch __knowledge__ Referred itch is the phenomenon in which a stimulus applied in one region of the body is felt as an itch or irritation in a different part of the body.", "Referred itch __knowledge__ The syndrome is relatively harmless, though it can be irritating, and healthy individuals can express symptoms.", "Referred itch __knowledge__ Stimuli range from a firm pressure applied to the skin – a scratch – to irritation or pulling on a hair follicle on the skin.", "Referred itch __knowledge__ The referred sensation itself should not be painful; it is more of an irritating prickle leading to the compulsion to scratch the area.", "Referred itch __knowledge__ The stimulus and referred itch are ipsilateral (the stimulus and the referred itch occur on the same side of the body).", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Pliosaurus __knowledge__ Pliosaurus (meaning 'more lizard') is an extinct genus of thalassophonean pliosaurid known from the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian stages (Late Jurassic) of Europe and South America.", "Pliosaurus __knowledge__ Their diet would have included fish, cephalopods, and marine reptiles.", "Pliosaurus __knowledge__ This genus has contained many species in the past but recent reviews found only six to be valid, while the validity of two additional species awaits a petition to the ICZN.", "Pliosaurus __knowledge__ \"Pliosaurus\" currently consists of the type species \"P. brachydeirus\", and also \"P. brachyspondylus\", \"P. carpenteri\", \"P. funkei\", \"P. kevani\", \"P. macromerus\", \"P. rossicus\" and \"P. westburyensis\", as well as the invalid \"P. portentificus\".", "Impeachment investigations of United States federal officials __knowledge__ Numerous federal officials in the United States have been threatened with impeachment and removal from office.", "Impeachment investigations of United States federal officials __knowledge__ Most investigations did not end in convictions, but caused great controversy nonetheless.", "Impeachment investigations of United States federal officials __knowledge__ While there have been demands for the impeachment of most presidents, only two—Andrew Johnson and William J. Clinton—have actually been impeached, and both were acquitted by the United States Senate and not removed from office.", "Impeachment investigations of United States federal officials __knowledge__ Removal requires an impeachment vote from the House of Representatives and a conviction from the Senate.", "Impeachment investigations of United States federal officials __knowledge__ Impeachment proceedings against Richard Nixon made it out of committee, but he resigned before the actual debate on the floor of the House began.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ The 53rd Disney animated feature film, the film is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ \"Frozen\" underwent several story treatments for years before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck.", "Disney Renaissance __knowledge__ In the history of The Walt Disney Company, the Disney Renaissance refers to the era from 1989 to 1999 during which Walt Disney Feature Animation (renamed Walt Disney Animation Studios in 2006) experienced a creative resurgence in producing successful animated films based on well-known stories, which restored public and critical interest in The Walt Disney Company as a whole.", "Disney Renaissance __knowledge__ During this era, the studio produced and released ten animated films: \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989), \"The Rescuers Down Under\" (1990), \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991), \"Aladdin\" (1992), \"The Lion King\" (1994), \"Pocahontas\" (1995), \"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\" (1996), \"Hercules\" (1997), \"Mulan\" (1998) and \"Tarzan\" (1999).", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ The Little Mermaid is a Disney media franchise.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ The success of the 1989 American animated feature film \"The Little Mermaid\" led to a direct-to-video sequel, a prequel film, a spin-off television series, a musical, several video games, theme park attractions, and other merchandise.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ A live action remake of the film is in development.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ \"The Little Mermaid\" paved the way for what would become the Disney Renaissance, with the original film becoming the first film of that era.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ \"The Little Mermaid\" is the original film of the franchise.", "The Little Mermaid (franchise) __knowledge__ It was produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, and was released to theaters on November 15, 1989 by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Part of Your World __knowledge__ \"Part of Your World\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures' 28th animated feature film \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989).", "Part of Your World __knowledge__ Performed by American actress and singer Jodi Benson in the titular role as Ariel, a mermaid princess, \"Part of Your World\" is a power ballad in which the main character expresses her strong desire to become human; its lyrics use placeholder names in lieu of several human-related terms that would be unfamiliar to a mermaid.", "Part of Your World __knowledge__ The film's theme song, \"Part of Your World\" is reprised by Ariel after she rescues Eric, a human prince with whom she has fallen in love, from drowning.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ The golden age of American animation was a period in the history of U.S. animation that began with the advent of sound cartoons in 1928 and continued until around 1969 when theatrical animated shorts began losing to the new medium of television animation.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ Many popular characters emerged from this period, including Mickey Mouse, Bugs Bunny, Donald Duck, Daffy Duck, Goofy, Popeye, Tom and Jerry, Porky Pig, Betty Boop, Woody Woodpecker, Droopy, and the first animated adaptation of Superman, among others.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ Feature length animation also began during this period, most notably with Walt Disney's first films: \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", \"Pinocchio\", \"Fantasia\", \"Dumbo\" and \"Bambi\".", "An American Tail __knowledge__ An American Tail is a 1986 American animated musical adventure family comedy-drama film directed by Don Bluth and produced by Sullivan Bluth Studios and Amblin Entertainment.", "An American Tail __knowledge__ It tells the story of Fievel Mousekewitz and his family as they emigrate from the Imperial Russian territory of Ukraine to the United States for freedom.", "An American Tail __knowledge__ However, he gets lost and must find a way to reunite with them.", "An American Tail __knowledge__ It was released on November 21, 1986, to reviews that ranged from positive to mixed and was a box office hit, making it the highest-grossing non-Disney animated film at the time.", "An American Tail __knowledge__ Its success, along with that of \"The Land Before Time\" and Disney's \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", and Bluth's departure from their partnership, prompted Steven Spielberg to establish his own animation studio, Amblimation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ Based on the Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen, \"The Little Mermaid\" tells the story of a beautiful mermaid princess who dreams of becoming human.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ Written, produced, and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with music by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman (who also served as a co-producer), the film features the voices of Jodi Benson, Christopher Daniel Barnes, Pat Carroll, Samuel E. Wright, Jason Marin, Kenneth Mars, Buddy Hackett, and René Auberjonois.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ The 28th Disney animated feature film, \"The Little Mermaid\" was released to theaters on November 17, 1989 to largely positive reviews, garnering $84 million at the domestic box office during its initial release, and $211 million in total lifetime gross worldwide.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ After the success of the 1988 Disney/Amblin film \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", \"The Little Mermaid\" is given credit for breathing life back into the art of Disney animated feature films after a string of critical or commercial failures produced by Disney that dated back to the early 1970s.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ It also marked the start of the era known as the Disney Renaissance.", "Finding Nemo __knowledge__ Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Finding Nemo __knowledge__ Written and directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Lee Unkrich, the film stars the voices of Albert Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, Alexander Gould, and Willem Dafoe.", "Finding Nemo __knowledge__ It tells the story of the overprotective ocellaris clownfish named Marlin who, along with a regal blue tang named Dory, searches for his abducted son Nemo all the way to Sydney Harbour.", "Finding Nemo __knowledge__ Along the way, Marlin learns to take risks and comes to terms with Nemo taking care of himself.", "Finding Nemo __knowledge__ \"Finding Nemo\" was released on May 30, 2003, and has received universal critical acclaim since.", "Monsters, Inc. __knowledge__ Monsters, Inc. is a 2001 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Monsters, Inc. __knowledge__ Featuring the voices of John Goodman, Billy Crystal, Steve Buscemi, James Coburn, and Jennifer Tilly, the film was directed by Pete Docter in his directorial debut, and executive produced by John Lasseter and Andrew Stanton.", "Monsters, Inc. __knowledge__ The film centers on two monsters employed at the titular energy-producing factory Monsters, Inc. – top scarer James P. \"Sulley\" Sullivan and his one-eyed partner and best friend Mike Wazowski.", "Monsters, Inc. __knowledge__ In the film, employees at Monsters, Inc. generate their city's power by scaring children, but they themselves are afraid that the children are toxic to them, and when one child enters the factory, Sulley and Mike must return her home before it is too late.", "Finding Dory __knowledge__ Finding Dory is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated comedy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Finding Dory __knowledge__ Directed by Andrew Stanton with co-direction by Angus MacLane, the screenplay was written by Stanton and Victoria Strouse.", "Finding Dory __knowledge__ The film is a sequel/spinoff to 2003's \"Finding Nemo\" and features the returning voices of Ellen DeGeneres and Albert Brooks, with Hayden Rolence (replacing Alexander Gould), Ed O'Neill, Kaitlin Olson, Ty Burrell, Diane Keaton and Eugene Levy joining the cast.", "Finding Dory __knowledge__ The film focuses on the amnesiac fish Dory, who journeys to be reunited with her parents.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Pixar (), also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios, is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group, part of the Lucasfilm computer division, before its spin-out as a corporation in 1986, with funding by Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs, who became the majority shareholder.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion, a transaction that resulted in Jobs becoming Disney's largest single shareholder at the time.", "Pixar __knowledge__ Pixar is best known for CGI-animated feature films created with RenderMan, Pixar's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface, used to generate high-quality images.", "Toy Story 3 __knowledge__ Toy Story 3 is a 2010 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.", "Toy Story 3 __knowledge__ It is the third installment in Pixar's \"Toy Story\" series, and the sequel to 1999's \"Toy Story 2\".", "Toy Story 3 __knowledge__ It was directed by Lee Unkrich, the editor of the first two films and the co-director of \"Toy Story 2\", written by Michael Arndt, while Unkrich wrote the story along with John Lasseter and Andrew Stanton, respectively director and co-writer of the first two films.", "Toy Story 3 __knowledge__ The plot focuses on the toys Woody, Buzz Lightyear, and their friends dealing with an uncertain future as their owner, Andy, prepares to leave for college.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated buddy comedy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ The directorial debut of John Lasseter, \"Toy Story\" was the first feature-length computer-animated film and the first feature film produced by Pixar.", "Toy Story __knowledge__ Taking place in a world where anthropomorphic toys pretend to be lifeless whenever humans are present, the film's plot focuses on the relationship between Woody, an old-fashioned pullstring cowboy doll (voiced by Tom Hanks), and Buzz Lightyear, an astronaut action figure (voiced by Tim Allen), as they evolve from rivals competing for the affections of Andy, their owner, to friends who work together to be reunited with Andy as his family prepares to move to a new home.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are \"mixed\" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ The process usually takes place on a dub stage.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks – dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, music – the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as \"additional dialogue replacement\", \"automated dialogue recording\", and \"looping\", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ Walt Disney Animation Studios (WDAS), also referred to as Disney Animation, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, is an American animation studio that creates animated feature films, short films, and television specials for The Walt Disney Company.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ Founded on October 16, 1923, it is a division of The Walt Disney Studios.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ The studio has produced 56 feature films, from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937) to \"Moana\" (2016).", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ It was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in 1923 and incorporated as Walt Disney Productions in 1929.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ The studio was exclusively dedicated to producing short films until it expanded into feature production in 1934.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ The golden age of American animation was a period in the history of U.S. animation that began with the advent of sound cartoons in 1928 and continued until around 1969 when theatrical animated shorts began losing to the new medium of television animation.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ Many popular characters emerged from this period, including Mickey Mouse, Bugs Bunny, Donald Duck, Daffy Duck, Goofy, Popeye, Tom and Jerry, Porky Pig, Betty Boop, Woody Woodpecker, Droopy, and the first animated adaptation of Superman, among others.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ Feature length animation also began during this period, most notably with Walt Disney's first films: \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", \"Pinocchio\", \"Fantasia\", \"Dumbo\" and \"Bambi\".", "List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ The Walt Disney Company has owned and operated several animation studios since the company's founding on October 16, 1923, by Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio; the current Walt Disney Animation Studios in Burbank, California is the company's flagship feature animation studio and claims heritage from this original studio.", "List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ Adding to the growth of the company and its motion picture studio division The Walt Disney Studios, several other animation studios were added through acquisitions and through openings of satellite studios outside the United States.", "List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ These expanded the company's animation output into television, direct-to-video, and digital releases, in addition to its primary feature animation releases.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ It is the world's second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue, after Comcast.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ Disney was founded on October 16, 1923 – by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney – as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, and established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ The company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ The 53rd Disney animated feature film, the film is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naïve snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.", "Frozen (2013 film) __knowledge__ \"Frozen\" underwent several story treatments for years before being commissioned in 2011, with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee, who also co-directed with Chris Buck.", "Shrek __knowledge__ Shrek is a 2001 American computer-animated fantasy film loosely based on William Steig's 1990 fairy tale picture book of the same name and directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson in their directorial debut.", "Shrek __knowledge__ It stars the voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, and John Lithgow, and somewhat serves as a parody of other films adapted from numerous fairy tales, mainly animated Disney films.", "Shrek __knowledge__ The film focuses on an ogre named Shrek who finds his swamp overrun by fairy tale creatures who have been banished there by order of the evil Lord Farquaad.", "Shrek __knowledge__ In order to get his swamp back, Shrek makes a deal with Farquaad to bring him a queen in exchange for the deed for his swamp." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ Based on the Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen, \"The Little Mermaid\" tells the story of a beautiful mermaid princess who dreams of becoming human.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ Written, produced, and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with music by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman (who also served as a co-producer), the film features the voices of Jodi Benson, Christopher Daniel Barnes, Pat Carroll, Samuel E. Wright, Jason Marin, Kenneth Mars, Buddy Hackett, and René Auberjonois.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ The 28th Disney animated feature film, \"The Little Mermaid\" was released to theaters on November 17, 1989 to largely positive reviews, garnering $84 million at the domestic box office during its initial release, and $211 million in total lifetime gross worldwide.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ After the success of the 1988 Disney/Amblin film \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", \"The Little Mermaid\" is given credit for breathing life back into the art of Disney animated feature films after a string of critical or commercial failures produced by Disney that dated back to the early 1970s.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) __knowledge__ It also marked the start of the era known as the Disney Renaissance.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ \"Crazy in Love\" is a song by American singer Beyoncé featuring American rapper Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's debut solo studio album \"Dangerously in Love\" (2003).", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Both artists wrote and composed the song in collaboration with Rich Harrison and Eugene Record; the former also produced it with Beyoncé.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Using samples from The Chi-Lites's 1970 song \"Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)\", \"Crazy in Love\" is a contemporary R&B and pop love song that incorporates elements of hip hop, soul, and 1970s-style funk music.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Its lyrics describe a romantic obsession that causes the protagonist to act out of character.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Crazy in Love\" as the lead single from \"Dangerously in Love\" on May 18, 2003.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\".", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by twelve lead actors.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ In the programme, \"the Doctor\" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of \"regeneration\", a biological function of the Time Lord race that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance with recovery following a potentially fatal injury.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: \"Čhetáŋ Kiŋyáŋ\" in Standard Lakota Orthography; a/k/a Moses Flying Hawk; March 1854 – December 24, 1931) was an Oglala Lakota warrior, historian, educator and philosopher.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota people through the 19th and early 20th centuries, as he fought to deflect the worst effects of white rule; educate his people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Chief Flying Hawk was a combatant in Red Cloud's War and in nearly all of the fights with the U.S. Army during the Great Sioux War of 1876.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ He fought alongside his first cousin Crazy Horse and his brothers Kicking Bear and Black Fox II in the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, and was present at the death of Crazy Horse in 1877 and the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ Crazy Horse (Lakota: in Standard Lakota Orthography, IPA:, literally \"His-Horse-Is-Crazy\"; 1840 – September 5, 1877) was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota in the 19th century.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ He took up arms against the United States federal government to fight against encroachment by white American settlers on Indian territory and to preserve the traditional way of life of the Lakota people.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ His participation in several famous battles of the American Indian Wars on the northern Great Plains, among them the Fetterman massacre in 1866, in which he acted as a decoy, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, in which he led a war party to victory, earned him great respect from both his enemies and his own people.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The Shining is a 1980 horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on Stephen King's 1977 novel \"The Shining\".", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ \"The Shining\" is about Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson), an aspiring writer and recovering alcoholic, who accepts a position as the off-season caretaker of the isolated historic Overlook Hotel in the Colorado Rockies.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ Wintering over with Jack is his wife Wendy Torrance (Shelley Duvall) and young son Danny Torrance (Danny Lloyd), who possesses \"the shining\", an array of psychic abilities that allow Danny to see the hotel's horrific past.", "History of flooding in Canada __knowledge__ The history of flooding in Canada includes floods caused by snowmelt runoff or freshet flooding, storm-rainfall and \"flash flooding\", ice jams during ice formation and spring break-up, natural dams, coastal flooding on ocean or lake coasts from storm surges, hurricanes and tsunamis.", "History of flooding in Canada __knowledge__ Urban flooding can be caused by stormwater runoff, riverine flooding and structural failure when engineered flood management structures, including dams and levees, prove inadequate to manage the quantities and force of flood waters.", "History of flooding in Canada __knowledge__ Floods can also occur when groundwater levels rise entering buildings cracks in foundation, floors and basements..", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ Walt Disney Animation Studios (WDAS), also referred to as Disney Animation, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, is an American animation studio that creates animated feature films, short films, and television specials for The Walt Disney Company.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ Founded on October 16, 1923, it is a division of The Walt Disney Studios.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ The studio has produced 56 feature films, from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937) to \"Moana\" (2016).", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ It was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in 1923 and incorporated as Walt Disney Productions in 1929.", "Walt Disney Animation Studios __knowledge__ The studio was exclusively dedicated to producing short films until it expanded into feature production in 1934.", "Walt Disney Studios (Burbank) __knowledge__ The Walt Disney Studios, in Burbank, California, United States, serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company media conglomerate.", "Walt Disney Studios (Burbank) __knowledge__ Besides housing offices for the company's many divisions, the Walt Disney Studios' 51-acre (20.6 ha) studio lot also contains several sound stages, a backlot, and other production facilities for Walt Disney Studios' motion picture production.", "Walt Disney Studios (Burbank) __knowledge__ The Studios are one of two major film studios that do not currently offer backlot tours to the general public, the other being 20th Century Fox.", "Walt Disney Studios (Burbank) __knowledge__ For several years, Adventures by Disney has offered tours of the studio, but only as an integral component of their six-day, five-night, Southern California tour package.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ It is the world's second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue, after Comcast.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ Disney was founded on October 16, 1923 – by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney – as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, and established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks.", "The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ The company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions.", "Walt Disney Studios (division) __knowledge__ The Walt Disney Studios is an American film studio, one of the four major businesses of The Walt Disney Company and the main component of its Studio Entertainment segment.", "Walt Disney Studios (division) __knowledge__ The studio, best known for its multi-faceted film division, which is one of Hollywood's major film studios, is based at the eponymous Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California.", "Walt Disney Studios (division) __knowledge__ The Studios generated an estimated income of $2.703 billion during the 2016 fiscal year.", "Walt Disney Studios (division) __knowledge__ The studio entertainment business alone (live-action and animated motion pictures, direct-to-video content, musical recordings and live stage plays) brought in $5.83 billion in 2012.", "List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ The Walt Disney Company has owned and operated several animation studios since the company's founding on October 16, 1923, by Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio; the current Walt Disney Animation Studios in Burbank, California is the company's flagship feature animation studio and claims heritage from this original studio.", "List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ Adding to the growth of the company and its motion picture studio division The Walt Disney Studios, several other animation studios were added through acquisitions and through openings of satellite studios outside the United States.", "List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company __knowledge__ These expanded the company's animation output into television, direct-to-video, and digital releases, in addition to its primary feature animation releases.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, officially Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and informally known as Disney Parks, is one of The Walt Disney Company's four major business segments and a subsidiary.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ The company is responsible for the conception, building, and managing of its theme parks and vacation resorts, as well as a variety of family-oriented leisure enterprises.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ It was founded in 1971, following the opening of Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World in Florida.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ Originally, the company was known as Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division and later as Walt Disney Attractions.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ The chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts is Bob Chapek, formerly president of Disney Consumer Products.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ The golden age of American animation was a period in the history of U.S. animation that began with the advent of sound cartoons in 1928 and continued until around 1969 when theatrical animated shorts began losing to the new medium of television animation.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ Many popular characters emerged from this period, including Mickey Mouse, Bugs Bunny, Donald Duck, Daffy Duck, Goofy, Popeye, Tom and Jerry, Porky Pig, Betty Boop, Woody Woodpecker, Droopy, and the first animated adaptation of Superman, among others.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ Feature length animation also began during this period, most notably with Walt Disney's first films: \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", \"Pinocchio\", \"Fantasia\", \"Dumbo\" and \"Bambi\"." ] ]

[ 6, 0, 42, 40 ]

[ "I sure have! that movie marked the beginning of the era known as the Disney Renaissance. Such a wonderful time for them. ", "Probably because that was when Disney began focusing more on animated films and some of their finest animated movies came out from that time until the early 2000's. ", "Indeed, it all began back on October 16, 1923, with Walt Disney Studios", "Yep and I know that when the studio was making the little mermaid , they dedicated alot of time to producing short films until it eventually expanded into feature production in 1934." ]

[ "The Little Mermaid (1989 film)", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film)", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film)", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film)" ]

[ "Taylor Swift", "Yeah, I like Taylor as well. She has really catchy songs!", "Which famous song was that? I forget." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards.", "Daphnis et Chloé __knowledge__ Daphnis et Chloé is a ballet in one act with three parts (scenes) by Maurice Ravel described as a \"symphonie chorégraphique\" (choreographic symphony).", "Daphnis et Chloé __knowledge__ The scenario was adapted by Michel Fokine from a romance by the Greek writer Longus thought to date from around the 2nd century AD.", "Daphnis et Chloé __knowledge__ Scott Goddard published a contemporary commentary that discussed the changes to the story that Fokine made to prepare a workable ballet scenario.", "Daphnis et Chloé __knowledge__ The story concerns the love between the goatherd Daphnis and the shepherdess Chloé.", "Daphnis et Chloé __knowledge__ Ravel began work on the score in 1909 after a commission from Sergei Diaghilev.", "Daphnis et Chloé __knowledge__ It was premiered at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris by his Ballets Russes on 8 June 1912.", "High Lane (film) __knowledge__ High Lane (Original French title: Vertige) is a 2009 French horror film directed by Abel Ferry.", "High Lane (film) __knowledge__ A group of friends on vacation decide to venture onto a trail high up in the mountains that has been closed for repairs.", "High Lane (film) __knowledge__ The climb proves more perilous than expected, especially as they soon realize that they are not alone.", "High Lane (film) __knowledge__ Young adults Fred (Nicolas Giraud), his girlfriend Karine and their friends Chloé (Fanny Valette), a nurse grappling with guilt after accidentally killing a young patient; Guillaume (Raphaël Lenglet), who harbors feelings for Chloé; and Loïc (Johan Libéreau), Chloé's unpopular boyfriend, travel to Croatia to climb and hike.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ Radiosurgery is the seventh studio album by American rock band New Found Glory.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ It was first released on September 30, 2011 in Australia, before its wider release on October 4 through independent label Epitaph Records.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ It is the band's final studio album to feature founding guitarist Steve Klein.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ To follow up predecessor \"Not Without a Fight\" (2009), the band began writing new material during their stint on the 2010 Honda Civic Tour.", "Radiosurgery (album) __knowledge__ After self-producing a set of demos and contacting long-term record producer Neal Avron, the band went on to record the album in Avron's home recording studio over a period of three months in 2011.", "Inch'Allah (2012 film) __knowledge__ Inch'Allah is a Canadian drama film, released in 2012.", "Inch'Allah (2012 film) __knowledge__ Written and directed by Anaïs Barbeau-Lavalette, the film stars Évelyne Brochu as Chloé, a Canadian medical doctor with the Red Crescent.", "Inch'Allah (2012 film) __knowledge__ Splitting her time between her clinic in Ramallah, West Bank and Jerusalem, Chloé finds her loyalties torn as she witnesses the effects of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on her friends, colleagues and patients on both sides of the border.", "Inch'Allah (2012 film) __knowledge__ At the 1st Canadian Screen Awards, \"Inch'Allah\" received five nominations, including Best Motion Picture.", "Inch'Allah (2012 film) __knowledge__ The exposition opens with a bomb attack at a street cafe in Israel.", "Catchiness __knowledge__ Catchiness is how easy it is for one to remember a song, tune or phrase.", "Catchiness __knowledge__ It is often taken into account when writing songs, catchphrases, advertising slogans, jingles etc.", "Catchiness __knowledge__ Alternatively, it can be defined as how difficult it is for one to forget it.", "Catchiness __knowledge__ Songs that embody high levels of remembrance or catchiness are literally known as \"catchy songs\" or \"earworms\".", "Catchiness __knowledge__ While it is hard to scientifically explain what makes a song catchy, there are many documented techniques that recur throughout catchy music, such as repetition, hooks and alliteration.", "Catchiness __knowledge__ \"Selling Sounds: The Commercial Revolution in American Music\" says that \"although there was no definition for what made a song catchy, all the songwriting guides agreed that simplicity and familiarity were vital\".", "Livingston Taylor __knowledge__ Livingston Taylor (born November 21, 1950) is an American singer-songwriter and folk musician.", "Livingston Taylor __knowledge__ Born in Boston, Massachusetts, and raised in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, he is the brother of singer-songwriter James Taylor, singer-songwriter Kate Taylor, musician Alex Taylor (d. 1993), and innkeeper and singer Hugh Taylor.", "Livingston Taylor __knowledge__ With a career reaching the fifty year mark in 2017, Taylor is most notable for his Billboard hits “I Will Be In Love With You”, “First Time Love”, and “I’ll Come Running”.", "Livingston Taylor __knowledge__ He continues to perform over 75 shows a year, nationally and internationally, having shared the stage with performers such as Linda Ronstadt, Jimmy Buffett, and Jethro Tull.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Taylor Swift is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 24, 2006, by Big Machine Records.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift was 16 years old at the time of the album's release and wrote its songs during her freshman year of high school.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift has writing credits on all of the album's songs, including those co-written with Liz Rose.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift experimented with several producers, ultimately choosing Nathan Chapman, who had produced her demo album.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Musically, the album is country music styled, and lyrically it speaks of romantic relationships, a couple of which Swift wrote from observing relationships before being in one.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Fearless is the second studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ The album was released on November 11, 2008, by Big Machine Records.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ As with her first album, \"Taylor Swift\", Swift wrote or co-wrote all thirteen tracks on \"Fearless\".", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Most of the songs were written as the singer promoted her first album as the opening act for numerous country artists.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Due to the unavailability of collaborators on the road, eight songs were written by Swift.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Other songs were co-written with Liz Rose, Hillary Lindsey, Colbie Caillat, and John Rich.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Swift also made her debut as a record producer, co-producing all songs on the album with Nathan Chapman.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, originally titled Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, is a Christmas EP by American singer Taylor Swift.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The EP was first released on October 14, 2007 by Big Machine Records exclusively to Target stores in the United States and online.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The release was originally a limited release for the 2007 holiday season, but was re-released to iTunes and Amazon.com on December 2, 2008 and again in October 2009 to Target stores.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ \"The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection\" features cover versions of Christmas songs and two original tracks written by Swift, \"Christmases When You Were Mine\" and \"Christmas Must Be Something More\", all of which have a country pop sound.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ \"Love Story\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ She also co-produced the track with Nathan Chapman.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 12, 2008 by Big Machine Records, as the lead single from Swift's second studio album \"Fearless\" (2008).", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The song was written about a love interest of Swift's who was not popular among Swift's family and friends.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ Because of the scenario, Swift related to the plot of William Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\" (1597) and used it as a source of inspiration to compose the song.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ However, she replaced \"Romeo and Juliet\"s original tragic conclusion with a happy ending.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ \"Our Song\" is a country song performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Swift and produced by Nathan Chapman.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 9, 2007 by Big Machine Records as the third single from Swift's eponymous debut album, \"Taylor Swift\" (2006).", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ Swift solely composed \"Our Song\" for the talent show of her freshman year in high school, about a boyfriend who she did not have a song with.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was included on \"Taylor Swift\" as she recalled its popularity with her classmates.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The uptempo track is musically driven mainly by banjo and lyrically describes a young couple who use the events in their lives in place of a regular song.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ \"Picture to Burn\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ It was co-written by Swift and Liz Rose, and produced by Nathan Chapman.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ It was released on February 3, 2008 by Big Machine Records as the fourth single from Swift's eponymous studio album, \"Taylor Swift\" (2006).", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ It was inspired by the narcissistic and cocky nature of her former high school classmate and ex-boyfriend Jordan Alford with whom Swift never established a formal relationship.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ In retrospect, Swift has stated that she has evolved on a personal level and as a songwriter, claiming she processed emotions differently since \"Picture to Burn\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards.", "List of compositions and works by Liliuokalani __knowledge__ Liliuokalani (1838–1917), Queen of the Hawaiian Islands, was one of Hawaii's most accomplished composers and musicians.", "List of compositions and works by Liliuokalani __knowledge__ She composed over 165 songs and chants.", "List of compositions and works by Liliuokalani __knowledge__ One of her most notable musical compositions is the popular song \"Aloha Oe\".", "List of compositions and works by Liliuokalani __knowledge__ (Farewell to Thee), Liliuokalani's most famous work about two lovers bidding farewell (The Song of the Hawaiian Nation), was the third of Hawaii's 4 national anthems.", "List of compositions and works by Liliuokalani __knowledge__ Lili'uokalani wrote this song at the request of King Kamehameha V in 1866, well before she was Queen.", "List of compositions and works by Liliuokalani __knowledge__ Nohea I Muolaulani, translated as \"Handsome One of Mu'olaulani\" sometimes as \"Handsome at Mu'olaulani\", and also referred to simply as \"Mu'olaulani\", dates to May 1885.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Buddy Williams (5 September 1918 – 12 December 1986), born as Harry Taylor and also known as Harold Williams, was a pioneering Australian country musician, singer and songwriter, known as \"The Yodelling Jackaroo\".", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams was the first Australian to record country music in Australia, three years after the New Zealander Tex Morton made his first recording in Australia.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams recorded his own songs about life and times in the Australian bush.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ It was with Williams that the Bush Ballad was first born.", "Buddy Williams (country musician) __knowledge__ Williams' recording of \"Give A Little Credit To Dad\", complete with trademark yodel, was added to the Sounds of Australia project by the National Film and Sound Archive in Canberra.", "Don't Forget About Us __knowledge__ \"Don't Forget About Us\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey.", "Don't Forget About Us __knowledge__ It was written by Carey, Jermaine Dupri, Bryan-Michael Cox and Johntá Austin, and released as the fifth single on October 1, 2005, for the re-issue of her tenth studio album, \"The Emancipation of Mimi\" (2005).", "Don't Forget About Us __knowledge__ Co-produced by the former three, the song is influenced by R&B and hip hop soul music genres, and lyrically chronicles the emotions felt by the protagonist after the loss of their relationship.", "Don't Forget About Us __knowledge__ Carey explained that the true meaning of the song is to be interpreted by the listener, therefore not disclosing its entire meaning publicly.", "Forgive 'n Forget __knowledge__ Forgive 'n Forget (foaled 1977) was a British-bred racehorse who developed into a top-class steeplechaser.", "Forgive 'n Forget __knowledge__ He was held up and invariably travelled comfortably in his races but sometimes lacked fluency at his obstacles.", "Forgive 'n Forget __knowledge__ His biggest success came when winning the 1985 running of the Cheltenham Gold Cup.", "Forgive 'n Forget __knowledge__ He would later lose his life in the 1988 running of the same event.", "Forgive 'n Forget __knowledge__ Forgive 'n Forget was foaled in 1974 and went through the sales ring twice at Ballsbridge in Ireland.", "Forgive 'n Forget __knowledge__ He was bought for 1,700 guineas as a foal and later sold on for 4,300 guineas as a three year old.", "Forgive 'n Forget __knowledge__ His sire, Precipice Wood, won the 1970 Ascot Gold Cup and developed into a successful national hunt sire.", "Takeover (song) __knowledge__ \"Takeover\" is a track recorded by Jay Z for his 2001 album \"The Blueprint\".", "Takeover (song) __knowledge__ The song is a diss track aimed at rappers Nas and Prodigy of Mobb Deep.", "Takeover (song) __knowledge__ This song was the first official LP diss track to publicize directly the hip hop Jay Z vs. Nas feud (although there exists several other rap records prior to this featuring disses from both Nas and Jay Z toward each other).", "Takeover (song) __knowledge__ It samples the song \"Five to One\" by The Doors and \"Sound of da Police\" by KRS-One.", "Takeover (song) __knowledge__ The first line in this song is taken from Jay Z's verse in \"Celebration\" off of the \"Streets Is Watching\" soundtrack.", "Takeover (song) __knowledge__ The song also samples David Bowie's \"Fame\".", "Don't Forget (song) __knowledge__ \"Don't Forget\" is a song performed by American singer Demi Lovato, from her debut album of the same name.", "Don't Forget (song) __knowledge__ It was written by Lovato and the Jonas Brothers, who co-produced the song with John Fields.", "Don't Forget (song) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's third and final single on March 16, 2009, through Hollywood Records.", "Don't Forget (song) __knowledge__ The inspiration of the song came from Lovato falling in love with someone who later left her.", "Don't Forget (song) __knowledge__ According to Lovato, it is one of the songs on the album that she most relates to.", "Don't Forget (song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Don't Forget\" is a midtempo glam rock ballad that features Lovato singing with breathy falsetto vocals.", "Don't Forget (song) __knowledge__ An accompanying music video was released in March 2009.", "Forget Domani __knowledge__ \"Forget Domani\" is a song introduced in the 1964 film \"The Yellow Rolls-Royce\" being a composition by Riz Ortolani, who scored the film, and lyricist Norman Newell.", "Forget Domani __knowledge__ The song's theme of forgetting \"domani\" — Italian for \"tomorrow\" — is relevant to each of the three segments that comprise the storyline of \"The Yellow Rolls-Royce\" as each deals with lovers whose trysts involve a disregard for consequences, and the tune of the chorus of \"Forget Domani\" is incorporated in the theme song that plays underneath the film's opening credits.", "Forget Domani __knowledge__ Otherwise, \"Forget Domani\" is heard only in the film's second segment set in Italy circa 1940 and focused on the dalliance between the gun moll (Shirley MacLaine) of an American gangster (George C. Scott) with a local tourist photographer (Alain Delon).", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ Chinese Democracy is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band Guns N' Roses.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ It was released on November 23, 2008, by Geffen Records.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ The album was the band's first studio album since \"\"The Spaghetti Incident?\"\"", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ in November 1993, and their first album of original studio material since the simultaneous releases of \"Use Your Illusion I\" and \"II\" in September 1991.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ Although it debuted at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), \"Chinese Democracy\" domestically undersold expectations.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ It received generally favorable reviews from music critics.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ The album was released on May 19, 2009, under Aftermath Entertainment, Shady Records, and Interscope Records.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ It was his first album of original material since \"Encore\" (2004), following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2007 to 2009 at several recording studios, and Dr. Dre, Mark Batson, and Eminem handled production.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ Conceptually, \"Relapse\" concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation, rapping after a non-fictional relapse, and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego.", "Backstreet Boys __knowledge__ The Backstreet Boys (often abbreviated as BSB) are an American vocal group, formed in Orlando, Florida in 1993.", "Backstreet Boys __knowledge__ The group consists of AJ McLean, Howie D., Nick Carter, Kevin Richardson, and Brian Littrell.", "Backstreet Boys __knowledge__ The group rose to fame with their debut international album, \"Backstreet Boys\" (1996).", "Backstreet Boys __knowledge__ In the following year they released their second international album \"Backstreet's Back\" (1997), and their U.S. debut album which continued the group's success worldwide.", "Backstreet Boys __knowledge__ They rose to superstardom with their third studio album \"Millennium\" (1999) and its follow-up album, \"Black & Blue\" (2000).", "Backstreet Boys __knowledge__ After a two-year hiatus, they regrouped and released a comeback album \"Never Gone\" (2005).", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Megadeth is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassist David Ellefson formed the band in 1983 shortly after Mustaine's dismissal from Metallica.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ A pioneer of the American thrash metal scene, Megadeth is credited as one of the genre's \"big four,\" along with Metallica, Anthrax, and Slayer, responsible for thrash metal's development and popularization.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Megadeth plays in a technical style, featuring complex arrangements and fast rhythm sections.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Themes of death, war, politics, and religion are prominent in the song lyrics.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ In 1985, the band released its debut album, \"Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Petra is a music group regarded as a pioneer of the Christian rock and contemporary Christian music genres.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Formed in 1972, the band took its name from the Greek word for \"rock\".", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Though it disbanded formally in 2006, incarnations have played reunion shows in the years since and released an album in November 2010.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ In 2013, it reformed with a new drummer, Cristian Borneo, and recorded a new song titled \"Holy is Your Name\", before going back on tour.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ With a style initially similar to The Eagles and Lynyrd Skynyrd, Petra's sound evolved into a more energetic, driving rock sound in the early 1980s akin to Foreigner, Styx and Journey.", "KMFDM __knowledge__ KMFDM (originally Kein Mehrheit Für Die Mitleid, loosely translated by the band as \"no pity for the majority\") is a German industrial band from Hamburg led by multi-instrumentalist Sascha Konietzko, who founded the group in 1984 as a performance art project.", "KMFDM __knowledge__ The group's earliest incarnation included German drummer En Esch and British vocalist Raymond Watts, the latter of whom left and rejoined the group several times over its history.", "KMFDM __knowledge__ The trio recorded the band's earliest albums in Germany before Konietzko and Esch moved to the United States, where they found much greater success with seminal industrial record label Wax Trax!." ] ]

[ 1, 46, 5 ]

[ "My favorite singer is Taylor Swift. ", "She sure does. It all started with her first album back in 2006.", "Oh...her album. It was self titled. \"Taylor Swift\"" ]

[ "Taylor Swift", "Taylor Swift", "Taylor Swift" ]

[ "Snowboarding\nHave you ever been snowboarding before?", "The first person to have tried it must have been very brave then! I tried skateboarding when I was younger, chipped a tooth!", "Lots of practice too. So it's a fairly new sport if it was discovered in the 1960's then?", "I wonder what happened in 2007 to make it surge in popularity like that?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Snowboarding is a recreational activity and Olympic and Paralympic sport that involves descending a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to a rider's feet.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding, sledding, surfing and skiing.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ It was developed in the United States in the 1960s, became a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and first featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Modern snowboarding began in 1965 when Sherman Poppen, an engineer in Muskegon, Michigan, invented a toy for his daughters by fastening two skis together and attaching a rope to one end so he would have some control as they stood on the board and glided downhill.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Dubbed the \"snurfer\" (combining snow and surfer) by his wife Nancy, the toy proved so popular among his daughters' friends that Poppen licensed the idea to a manufacturer, Brunswick Corporation, that sold about a million snurfers over the next decade.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ And, in 1966 alone over half a million snurfers were sold.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ In February 1968, Poppen organized the first snurfing competition at a Michigan ski resort that attracted enthusiasts from all over the country.", "U.S. Snowboarding __knowledge__ U.S. Snowboarding, the snowboarding arm of the United States Ski and Snowboard Association (USSA), is committed to the progression of snowboarding by providing athletic programs, services, and competitions for male and female athletes of all ages, coast-to-coast.", "U.S. Snowboarding __knowledge__ The ultimate goal for U.S. Snowboarding is clear: American riders on the Olympic podium.", "U.S. Snowboarding __knowledge__ U.S. Snowboarding is the most successful international snowboarding program over the last 10 years and the most successful USSA Olympic program.", "U.S. Snowboarding __knowledge__ Since the inclusion of snowboarding as a medal sport in 1998, U.S. Snowboarding has accounted for 14 Olympic medals, including the historic sweep of the podium in men’s halfpipe in 2002 and a best in the world performance of seven medals in 2006.", "Terje Håkonsen __knowledge__ Terje Håkonsen (born 11 October 1974 in Vinje, Norway) is a Norwegian professional snowboarder.", "Terje Håkonsen __knowledge__ He is considered one of the most influential snowboarders in the history of the sport.", "Terje Håkonsen __knowledge__ In the book \"The way of the snowboarder\", Rob Reed wrote that \"Haakonsen took the young sport of snowboarding and revolutionized nearly every aspect of it\".", "Terje Håkonsen __knowledge__ Håkonsen dominated freestyle competitions during the 1990s.", "Terje Håkonsen __knowledge__ He won the International Snowboarding Federation (ISF) World Championship in halfpipe three times: 1993, 1995 and 1997.", "Terje Håkonsen __knowledge__ He won the European Championship in halfpipe each and every time he participated (1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1997).", "Snowboard __knowledge__ Snowboards are boards where both feet are secured to the same board, which are wider than skis, with the ability to glide on snow.", "Snowboard __knowledge__ Snowboards widths are between 6 to 12 inches or 15 to 30 centimeters.", "Snowboard __knowledge__ Snowboards are differentiated from monoskis by the stance of the user.", "Snowboard __knowledge__ In monoskiing, the user stands with feet inline with direction of travel (facing tip of monoski/downhill) (parallel to long axis of board), whereas in snowboarding, users stand with feet transverse (more or less) to the longitude of the board.", "Snowboard __knowledge__ Users of such equipment may be referred to as \"snowboarder\"s. \"Commercial snowboards\" generally require extra equipment such as bindings and special boots which help secure both feet of a snowboarder, who generally rides in an upright position.", "1080° Snowboarding __knowledge__ 1080° Snowboarding is a snowboard racing video game developed by Nintendo EAD and published by Nintendo.", "1080° Snowboarding __knowledge__ It was released in 1998 for the Nintendo 64, and was re-released in 2008 for the Wii's Virtual Console.", "1080° Snowboarding __knowledge__ In the game, the player controls one of five snowboarders from a third-person perspective, using a combination of buttons to jump and perform tricks over eight levels.", "1080° Snowboarding __knowledge__ \"1080°\" was announced on 21 November 1997 and developed over nine months; it garnered critical acclaim and won an Interactive Achievement Award from the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences.", "1080° Snowboarding __knowledge__ \"1080°\" sold over a million units, and a second installment, \"1080° Avalanche\", was released for the Nintendo GameCube on 28 November 2003.", "Freeriding __knowledge__ Freeriding is a style of snowboarding performed on natural, un-groomed terrain, without a set course, goals or rules.", "Freeriding __knowledge__ It evolved throughout the sport's formative early years as a contrary response to the highly regimented style of ski competition prevalent at the time.", "Freeriding __knowledge__ Snowboarders primarily refer to freeriding as backcountry, sidecountry, or off-piste snowboarding, and sometimes big mountain or extreme riding.", "Freeriding __knowledge__ Freeriding incorporates various aspects of snowboarding into a style that adapts to the variations and challenges of natural, off-piste terrain, and eschews man-made features such as jumps, rails, half-pipes, or groomed snow.", "Supreme Snowboarding __knowledge__ Supreme Snowboarding (known as Boarder Zone in the United States), is a snowboarding video game created by Housemarque for Microsoft Windows in 1999.", "Supreme Snowboarding __knowledge__ It was one of the first snowboarding games for Windows to take full advantage of 3D graphics cards that were becoming the norm in the late 1990s, and eventually became an internationally bestselling game.", "Supreme Snowboarding __knowledge__ Over 1.5 million units were sold worldwide, allowing \"Supreme Snowboarding\" to become the first hit title in Finnish game development.", "Supreme Snowboarding __knowledge__ The game received positive critical reception, as well as acclaim for having one of the best visuals of its time, though its lack of content and replay value was sometimes criticized." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Snowboarding is a recreational activity and Olympic and Paralympic sport that involves descending a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to a rider's feet.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding, sledding, surfing and skiing.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ It was developed in the United States in the 1960s, became a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and first featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Modern snowboarding began in 1965 when Sherman Poppen, an engineer in Muskegon, Michigan, invented a toy for his daughters by fastening two skis together and attaching a rope to one end so he would have some control as they stood on the board and glided downhill.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Dubbed the \"snurfer\" (combining snow and surfer) by his wife Nancy, the toy proved so popular among his daughters' friends that Poppen licensed the idea to a manufacturer, Brunswick Corporation, that sold about a million snurfers over the next decade.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ And, in 1966 alone over half a million snurfers were sold.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ In February 1968, Poppen organized the first snurfing competition at a Michigan ski resort that attracted enthusiasts from all over the country.", "Manny Santiago __knowledge__ Emanuel \"Manny\" Santiago (born September 10, 1985), nicknamed \"Manny Slays All\", is a professional skateboarder from Puerto Rico.", "Manny Santiago __knowledge__ Santiago is the first and only Puerto Rican skateboarder to be in the Street League Skateboarding (SLS) “premier competitive series”.", "Manny Santiago __knowledge__ In 2013, Santiago won two consecutive stops in the first ever \"Select Series\" at Street League Skateboarding (SLS) Brazil and Barcelona.", "Manny Santiago __knowledge__ As an amateur, Santiago won 1st place for Best Trick at the Black Box Crossroads Contest amongst professional skateboarders like Nyjah Huston, Chris Cole, Torey Pudwill, and Ryan Sheckler.", "Manny Santiago __knowledge__ In 2012, he became the first Puerto Rican street skateboarder to place in the top three in the X Games after coming in 3rd place at the finals in Barcelona.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Lewis Kristian Marnell (3 December 1982 – 18 January 2013) was a professional skateboarder from Melbourne, Australia who was Slam Magazine's 2008 \"Skater of the Year\".", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Marnell died in January 2013, following complications related to type 1 (juvenile) diabetes, a condition that was diagnosed when he was 10 years old.", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Numerous tributes were published following Marnell's death and his longtime skateboard deck sponsor, Almost Skateboards, continues to use the hashtag \"#LewisMarnellForever\"—on 15 and 29 July 2014, the company published the hashtag with 2006 video footage of Marnell skateboarding in Japan.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ John Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder, entrepreneur, inventor, and public speaker who practices freestyle and street skateboarding.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ He is widely considered the most influential street skater in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ As a result, he has been called the \"Godfather of Street Skateboarding.\"", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ Rodney Mullen won his first world skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 35 out of 36 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Daewon David Song (born February 17, 1975) is a Korean-born American professional skateboarder, recognized for his skillful technical street skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ He is a co-owner of Almost Skateboards, along with Rodney Mullen, and also skates for the company alongside other sponsored team riders.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song was named the 2006 \"Skater of the Year\" by \"Thrasher\" magazine, an award that is widely considered to be one of the most significant honors in skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song, a Korean American, was born in Seoul, South Korea, and grew up in Gardena, California, following a year spent with his grandmother in Hawaii, US.", "Shogo Kubo __knowledge__ Shogo Kubo (September 19, 1959 - June 24, 2014) was a skateboarding pioneer and one of the original members of the Z-Boys crew that formed in Venice, California in 1975.", "Shogo Kubo __knowledge__ Born in Kagoshima City, Japan, Kubo first tried skateboarding when he was six years old on a very rudimentary toy skateboard, and after falling he did not try it again until seeing someone skateboarding outside his judo class when he was 12.", "Shogo Kubo __knowledge__ Kubo moved to the United States at a relatively young age without any knowledge of the English language.", "Shogo Kubo __knowledge__ For his inability to speak English, he was teased and thought of as \"slow\".", "Shogo Kubo __knowledge__ When he moved to the United States, he took an interest in surfing.", "Alexander D. Henderson (businessman) __knowledge__ Alexander Dawson Henderson (February 28, 1865 – January 5, 1925) was an American business executive and philanthropist.", "Alexander D. Henderson (businessman) __knowledge__ He was vice president, treasurer and founding investor of the California Perfume Company (CPC), which later became Avon Products.", "Alexander D. Henderson (businessman) __knowledge__ Henderson was born February 28, 1865, in Brooklyn, New York.", "Alexander D. Henderson (businessman) __knowledge__ He was the sixth child of Captain Joseph Henderson and Angelina Annetta Weaver.", "Alexander D. Henderson (businessman) __knowledge__ On February 17, 1892, Reverend John Hampstone, of the Emmanuel Baptist Church in Brooklyn, married Henderson and Ella Margaret Brown.", "Alexander D. Henderson (businessman) __knowledge__ His wife was listed as a prominent resident in the New York Social Blue Book as Mrs. A.D. Henderson, Nyack Tpke, Suffern, N. Y.", "Sledding __knowledge__ Sledding, sledging or sleighing is a worldwide winter activity, generally carried out in a prone or seated position on a vehicle generically known as a sled (English language), a sledge (Old English), or a sleigh.", "Sledding __knowledge__ It is the basis of three Olympic sports: luge, skeleton and bobsledding.", "Sledding __knowledge__ The practical use of sleds is ancient and widespread.", "Sledding __knowledge__ They were developed in areas with consistent winter snow cover, as vehicles to transport materials and/or people, far more efficiently than wheeled vehicles could in icy and snowy conditions.", "Sledding __knowledge__ Early designs included hand-pulled sizes as well as larger dog, horse, or ox drawn versions.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Paz, also known as The Paz Show or Paz the Penguin, is an animated television series that debuted on February 24, 2003 on Discovery Kids and TLC in the United States.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ It also aired on Treehouse TV in Canada, and on ITV in the United Kingdom.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The show was produced by Telescreen BV, Egmont Imagination, King Rollo Films, Open Mind Productions, and Discovery Kids.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The series was based on a series of books written and illustrated by Mary Murphy.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ 1.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ THE RIGHT MOVES: Pig teaches a dance class with surprising results.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Sometimes mistakes are the best part!", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ At first, Pig worries that she is a bad dance teacher.", "Snowboard __knowledge__ Snowboards are boards where both feet are secured to the same board, which are wider than skis, with the ability to glide on snow.", "Snowboard __knowledge__ Snowboards widths are between 6 to 12 inches or 15 to 30 centimeters.", "Snowboard __knowledge__ Snowboards are differentiated from monoskis by the stance of the user.", "Snowboard __knowledge__ In monoskiing, the user stands with feet inline with direction of travel (facing tip of monoski/downhill) (parallel to long axis of board), whereas in snowboarding, users stand with feet transverse (more or less) to the longitude of the board.", "Snowboard __knowledge__ Users of such equipment may be referred to as \"snowboarder\"s. \"Commercial snowboards\" generally require extra equipment such as bindings and special boots which help secure both feet of a snowboarder, who generally rides in an upright position.", "Avon Products __knowledge__ Avon Products, Inc, known as Avon, founded by David H. McConnell in 1886 is a direct selling company in beauty, household, and personal care categories.", "Avon Products __knowledge__ Avon had annual sales of $5.7 billion worldwide in 2016.", "Avon Products __knowledge__ It is the fifth-largest beauty company and, with 6.4 million representatives, is the second largest direct selling enterprise in the world (after Amway).", "Avon Products __knowledge__ Avon Products is a multi-level marketing company.", "Avon Products __knowledge__ The company's CEO is Sherilyn S. McCoy, who was appointed to the position in April 2012.", "Avon Products __knowledge__ The former CEO, Andrea Jung, became the executive chairman of the board.", "Avon Products __knowledge__ Recently, Avon has struggled with the global sales falling for five straight years and North American revenues falling 18% in 2014." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Snowboarding is a recreational activity and Olympic and Paralympic sport that involves descending a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to a rider's feet.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding, sledding, surfing and skiing.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ It was developed in the United States in the 1960s, became a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and first featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Modern snowboarding began in 1965 when Sherman Poppen, an engineer in Muskegon, Michigan, invented a toy for his daughters by fastening two skis together and attaching a rope to one end so he would have some control as they stood on the board and glided downhill.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Dubbed the \"snurfer\" (combining snow and surfer) by his wife Nancy, the toy proved so popular among his daughters' friends that Poppen licensed the idea to a manufacturer, Brunswick Corporation, that sold about a million snurfers over the next decade.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ And, in 1966 alone over half a million snurfers were sold.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ In February 1968, Poppen organized the first snurfing competition at a Michigan ski resort that attracted enthusiasts from all over the country.", "Sport in Guernsey __knowledge__ Guernsey participates in its own right in the Commonwealth Games.", "Sport in Guernsey __knowledge__ Guernsey participates in the bi-annual Island Games, which it hosted in 1987 and 2003.", "Sport in Guernsey __knowledge__ In sporting events in which Guernsey does not have international representation, when the British Home Nations are competing separately, islanders that do have high athletic skill may choose to compete for any of the Home Nations – there are, however, restrictions on subsequent transfers to represent another Home Nation.", "Sport in Guernsey __knowledge__ The football player Matt Le Tissier for example, tried out for the Scotland national football team but ended up playing for England.", "History of netball __knowledge__ The history of netball can be traced to the early development of basketball.", "History of netball __knowledge__ A year after basketball was invented in 1891, the sport was modified for women to accommodate social conventions regarding their participation in sport, giving rise to women's basketball.", "History of netball __knowledge__ Variations of women's basketball arose across the United States and in England.", "History of netball __knowledge__ At a physical training college in England, the rules of women's basketball were modified over several years to form an entirely new sport: \"net ball\".", "History of netball __knowledge__ The first codified rules of netball were published at the start of the twentieth century, and from there the new sport spread throughout the British Empire.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Football in Poland __knowledge__ Football is the most popular sport in Poland.", "Football in Poland __knowledge__ Over 400,000 Poles play football regularly, with millions more playing occasionally.", "Football in Poland __knowledge__ The first professional clubs were founded in the early 1900s, and the Polish national football team played its first international match in 1921.", "Football in Poland __knowledge__ There are hundreds of professional and amateur football teams in Poland; which are organized into the national 1st league, 2nd level, 2 regional 3rd levels, 8 regional 4th levels, 19 regional 5th leagues and a variety of other lower level leagues.", "Football in Poland __knowledge__ Additionally, there are the Polish Cup and Polish Supercup competitions.", "Football in Poland __knowledge__ The history of football in Poland started in the late 19th century with the rising popularity of the new sport.", "Honda Ridgeline __knowledge__ The Honda Ridgeline is a sport utility truck (SUT) by American Honda Motor Company, Inc. and is categorized by some as a lifestyle pickup.", "Honda Ridgeline __knowledge__ The Ridgeline is one of only two trucks currently produced by the Honda Motor Company, the second being the Honda Acty mini-truck.", "Honda Ridgeline __knowledge__ The Honda Ridgeline is built using a unibody frame with a transverse-mounted engine, four-wheel independent suspension, flat cabin floor, flat truck bed, dual-action tailgate, an In-Bed Trunk, all-wheel drive —as well as front-wheel drive for select 2017/2018 US models—, and is only offered in a crew-cab/short-box configuration.", "Honda Ridgeline __knowledge__ The first Honda Ridgeline went on sale in March 2005 as a 2006 model year vehicle.", "Kickboxing __knowledge__ Kickboxing is a group of stand-up combat sports based on kicking and punching, historically developed from Karate but the modern kickboxing is mixed by taekwondo and boxing.", "Kickboxing __knowledge__ Kickboxing is practiced for self-defense, general fitness, or as a contact sport.", "Kickboxing __knowledge__ Japanese kickboxing originated in the 1960s, with competitions held since then.", "Kickboxing __knowledge__ American kickboxing originated in the 1970s and was brought to prominence in September 1974, when the Professional Karate Association (PKA) held the first World Championships.", "Kickboxing __knowledge__ Historically, kickboxing can be considered a hybrid martial art formed from the combination of elements of various traditional styles.", "Tērvete __knowledge__ Tērvete (liv.", "Tērvete __knowledge__ Terwenden) is a village in Tērvete municipality, Latvia.", "Tērvete __knowledge__ Famous for the historic hillfort built for the kings of Western Zemgale in the Middle Ages.", "Tērvete __knowledge__ According to popular legend the Semigallian king Nameisis made a ring called the \"namejs\" so he could be identified by his family.", "Tērvete __knowledge__ But his enemies got hold of this information and sought the ring to kill the king (during a war) to have victories.", "Tērvete __knowledge__ The villagers also created these rings in order to protect the King.", "Tērvete __knowledge__ And for this reason Namejs is a popular ring for Latvians.", "Tērvete __knowledge__ In 1287, the Semigallian castle was destroyed by the Livonian Order.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ Olympic sports are sports contested in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The 2016 Summer Olympics included 28 sports, with five additional sports due to be added to the 2020 Summer Olympics.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The 2014 Winter Olympics included seven sports.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The number and kinds of events may change slightly from one Olympiad to another.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ Each Olympic sport is represented by an international governing body, namely an International Federation (IF).", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ The International Olympic Committee (IOC) establishes a hierarchy of sports, disciplines, and events.", "Olympic sports __knowledge__ According to this hierarchy, the Olympic sports can be subdivided into multiple disciplines, which are often assumed to be distinct sports.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD.", "U.S. Snowboarding __knowledge__ U.S. Snowboarding, the snowboarding arm of the United States Ski and Snowboard Association (USSA), is committed to the progression of snowboarding by providing athletic programs, services, and competitions for male and female athletes of all ages, coast-to-coast.", "U.S. Snowboarding __knowledge__ The ultimate goal for U.S. Snowboarding is clear: American riders on the Olympic podium.", "U.S. Snowboarding __knowledge__ U.S. Snowboarding is the most successful international snowboarding program over the last 10 years and the most successful USSA Olympic program.", "U.S. Snowboarding __knowledge__ Since the inclusion of snowboarding as a medal sport in 1998, U.S. Snowboarding has accounted for 14 Olympic medals, including the historic sweep of the podium in men’s halfpipe in 2002 and a best in the world performance of seven medals in 2006.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Football is a popular sport in some of the Indian states.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won all the Kabaddi World Cups to date.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ The country has won eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ However, cricket is the most popular sport in India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Several games originated in India including chess, snooker and other regional games.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won medals in badminton, kabaddi, hockey and many other sports and disciplines.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Recently, different forms of martial arts have also gained a lot of prominence in India.", "Avery Brundage __knowledge__ Avery Brundage (; September 28, 1887 – May 8, 1975) was the fifth president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), serving from 1952 to 1972.", "Avery Brundage __knowledge__ The only American to attain that position, Brundage is remembered as a zealous advocate of amateurism and for his involvement with the 1936 and 1972 Summer Olympics, both held in Germany.", "Avery Brundage __knowledge__ Brundage was born in Detroit in 1887 to a working-class family.", "Avery Brundage __knowledge__ When he was five years old, his father moved his family to Chicago and subsequently abandoned his wife and children.", "Avery Brundage __knowledge__ Raised mostly by relatives, he attended the University of Illinois to study engineering and became a track star.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Snowboarding is a recreational activity and Olympic and Paralympic sport that involves descending a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to a rider's feet.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding, sledding, surfing and skiing.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ It was developed in the United States in the 1960s, became a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and first featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Modern snowboarding began in 1965 when Sherman Poppen, an engineer in Muskegon, Michigan, invented a toy for his daughters by fastening two skis together and attaching a rope to one end so he would have some control as they stood on the board and glided downhill.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Dubbed the \"snurfer\" (combining snow and surfer) by his wife Nancy, the toy proved so popular among his daughters' friends that Poppen licensed the idea to a manufacturer, Brunswick Corporation, that sold about a million snurfers over the next decade.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ And, in 1966 alone over half a million snurfers were sold.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ In February 1968, Poppen organized the first snurfing competition at a Michigan ski resort that attracted enthusiasts from all over the country.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Japanese anime series \"Bakugan Battle Brawlers\".", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Daniel \"Dan\" Kuso (known in the Japanese version as is the main human protagonist in the series, who, is 12 years old in the first season, 15 in New Vestroia, 16 in Gundalian Invaders, and 17 in Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In the beginning he is ranked #121, and by episode 39, he is ranked #1, and has become ranked #4 or under in episode 6 of Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In \"New Vestroia\", Dan returns to New Vestroia to help Drago save the world from the invading Vestals.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Despite having just been introduced to the new Brawling system, Dan manages to get the hang of it before he battles his way into the Resistance by tying with Ace.", "Iraq War troop surge of 2007 __knowledge__ In the context of the Iraq War, the surge refers to United States President George W. Bush's 2007 increase in the number of American troops in order to provide security to Baghdad and Al Anbar Province.", "Iraq War troop surge of 2007 __knowledge__ The surge was developed under the working title \"The New Way Forward\" and was announced in January 2007 by Bush during a television speech.", "Iraq War troop surge of 2007 __knowledge__ Bush ordered the deployment of more than 20,000 soldiers into Iraq (five additional brigades), and sent the majority of them into Baghdad.", "Iraq War troop surge of 2007 __knowledge__ He also extended the tour of most of the Army troops in country and some of the Marines already in the Anbar Province area.", "Culture of South Korea __knowledge__ The contemporary culture of South Korea developed from the traditional culture of Korea which was prevalent in the early Korean nomadic tribes.", "Culture of South Korea __knowledge__ By maintaining thousands of years of ancient Korean with influence from ancient Chinese culture South Korea split on its own path of cultural development away from North Korean culture since the division of Korea in 1948.", "Culture of South Korea __knowledge__ The industrialization, urbanization and westernization of South Korea, especially Seoul, have brought many changes to the way Korean people live.", "Culture of South Korea __knowledge__ Changing economics and lifestyles have led to a concentration of population in major cities (and depopulation of the rural countryside), with multi-generational households separating into nuclear family living arrangements.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man (Simon Williams) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Created by writer Stan Lee and artists Don Heck and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in \"The Avengers\" #9 (October 1964).", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ The character was initially introduced as a rival to Tony Stark and after being imbued with \"ionic\" energy, became a supervillain who fought the Avengers.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ After a series of events, Simon Williams was reborn as a superhero joining the team he originally fought against.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ In 2012, Wonder Man was ranked 38th in IGN's list of \"The Top 50 Avengers\".", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man debuted in the superhero-team title \"The Avengers\" #9 (cover-dated Oct. 1964), but appeared to die in that issue.", "José Mari García __knowledge__ José María García Lafuente (born 10 February 1971), commonly known as José Mari, is a retired Spanish professional footballer who played as a midfielder.", "José Mari García __knowledge__ He scored a combined eight La Liga goals during ten seasons, whilst appearing in 158 matches with Osasuna, Barcelona, Betis and Athletic Bilbao during that timeframe.", "José Mari García __knowledge__ Born in Logroño, La Rioja, José Mari was trained in the youth system of CA Osasuna and began his senior career with the reserves in Segunda División B, his first match taking place towards the end of 1988–89.", "José Mari García __knowledge__ He spent another two seasons at that level, but also made his La Liga debut for the first team under manager Pedro María Zabalza, coming on as a late substitute in a 3–0 home win against Real Betis just prior to his 20th birthday.", "José Mari (footballer, born 1987) __knowledge__ José María Martín Bejarano-Serrano (born 6 December 1987), commonly known as José Mari, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Cádiz CF as a defensive midfielder.", "José Mari (footballer, born 1987) __knowledge__ He spent most of his career in the lower leagues of his country, competing in La Liga with Zaragoza and Levante, and also played a season with the Colorado Rapids in the United States.", "José Mari (footballer, born 1987) __knowledge__ Born in Rota, Cádiz, Andalusia, José Mari played amateur football until the age of nearly 22, representing Unión Deportiva Roteña and Atlético Sanluqueño CF.", "José Mari (footballer, born 1987) __knowledge__ In the 2009 summer he joined Real Murcia Imperial in Segunda División B, being relegated in his first and only season.", "José Mari __knowledge__ José María Romero Poyón (born 10 December 1978), known as José Mari, is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a forward.", "José Mari __knowledge__ Over the course of 11 seasons he amassed La Liga totals of 270 games and 49 goals, mainly with Atlético Madrid – for which he signed at the age of 18 from Sevilla, going on to score 34 times in 144 appearances – and Villarreal (four years apiece).", "José Mari __knowledge__ He also played professionally in Italy for Milan.", "José Mari __knowledge__ José Mari was born in Seville, Andalusia.", "José Mari __knowledge__ After growing through the ranks of local Sevilla FC (first appearing with the main side aged just 18, in a 0–2 defeat at Rayo Vallecano on 5 March 1997, and making 21 La Liga appearances with seven goals during that season, as his team was finally relegated), he moved to Atlético Madrid.", "José María Isaac Béjar __knowledge__ José María Isaac Béjar (born 19 September 1985), commonly known as José Mari, is a Spanish footballer who plays as a left back.", "José María Isaac Béjar __knowledge__ Born in Mérida, Badajoz, Extremadura, José Mari made his senior debuts with CD Alhaurino in the 2004–05 campaign, in Tercera División.", "José María Isaac Béjar __knowledge__ On 21 August 2005 he moved to Málaga CF, being immediately loaned to UD Melilla in Segunda División B. José Mari returned to the Andalusians in June 2006, and was assigned to the reserves also in the third level.", "José María Isaac Béjar __knowledge__ He played his first match as a professional on 27 August, starting and being booked in a 1–0 away win against Hércules CF for the Segunda División championship.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ On February 10, 2007, Barack Obama, then junior United States Senator from Illinois, announced his candidacy for the presidency of the United States in Springfield, Illinois.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ On June 3, 2008, he secured enough delegates to become the presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party for the 2008 presidential election.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ He was the first African-American in American History to be nominated by a major party.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ On November 4, 2008, Obama won the presidential election to become the 44th President of the United States, succeeding George W. Bush.", "Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ Obama announced his candidacy at the Old State Capitol building, where Abraham Lincoln delivered his \"House Divided\" speech in 1858.", "Cantera __knowledge__ Cantera, literally meaning \"quarry\" in Spanish, is a term used in Spain to refer to youth academies and farm teams organized by sports clubs.", "Cantera __knowledge__ It is also used to refer to the geographical area that clubs recruit players from.", "Cantera __knowledge__ The term is widely used in football but is also applied to other sports, such as basketball.", "Cantera __knowledge__ This article, however, is about the football \"canteras\".", "Cantera __knowledge__ Notable canteras include those of Athletic Bilbao, Real Sociedad, Real Madrid, Barcelona, Atlético Madrid, Espanyol, Sporting de Gijón, Celta de Vigo and Valencia.", "Cantera __knowledge__ Since 1912, Athletic Bilbao have employed a \"cantera policy\", which has come to be defined in an official (although not legally binding) signing policy whereby they will only recruit players with some link to the Basque Country.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

[ "No, it looks too scary for me. Snowboarding came about by watching skateboarding, sledding, and skiiing.", "Snowboarding came about in the 1960's here in the US.It became an Olympic sport later on. Seems like something you need practice to do.", "Yes it did. It became real popular in 2007 but it has declined since then.", "Everything fizzles out eventually. Modern snowboarding started when a man named Poppen invented a toy for his kids, putting two skis together and attaching a rope." ]

[ "Snowboarding", "Snowboarding", "Snowboarding", "Snowboarding" ]

[ "Divorce", "Really?", "What happened? Why did they have to divorce?", "Oh no. I really feel sorry" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ \"You Really Got Me\" is a song written by Ray Davies for English rock band the Kinks.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ The song, originally performed in a more blues-oriented style, was inspired by artists such as Lead Belly and Big Bill Broonzy.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ Two versions of the song were recorded, with the second performance being used for the final single.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ Although it was rumoured that future Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page had performed the song's guitar solo, the myth has since been proven false.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ \"You Really Got Me\" was built around power chords (perfect fifths and octaves) and heavily influenced later rock musicians, particularly in the genres of heavy metal and punk rock.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ \"Doesn't Really Matter\" is a song recorded by American singer Janet Jackson for to the 2000 film \"\".", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ The song was released as a single in May 21, 2000, after an unfinished version leaked to radio.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ \"Doesn't Really Matter\" is a contemporary R&B and electropop song which speaks about loving a person for who they are and disregarding their physical appearance.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ It was based on an incomplete poem Jackson had written, which was later applied to her character in the film.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ The song was a contrast from the bleak tone of prior album \"The Velvet Rope\" (1997), returning to a brighter and more contemporary sound.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ \"Nothing Really Matters\" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her seventh studio album, \"Ray of Light\" (1998).", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ It was written by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, and was produced by the singer with William Orbit and Marius De Vries.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ The song was released as the fifth and final single from the album on March 2, 1999 by Maverick Records and Warner Bros. Records.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ An EDM track on which Madonna experiments with different musical genres, \"Nothing Really Matters\" includes ambient music and electronic noise frequencies that were added by De Vries.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ Lyrically, the recording delves on the singer's first daughter Lourdes Leon, having also themes of selfishness, affection, and motherhood.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ The Really Useful Group Ltd. (RUG) is an international company set up in 1977 by Andrew Lloyd Webber.", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ It is involved in theatre, film, television, video and concert productions, merchandising, magazine publishing, records and music publishing.", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ The name is inspired by a phrase from the children's book series \"The Railway Series\" in which Thomas the Tank Engine and other locomotives are referred to as \"Really Useful Engines\".", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ The company was set up in 1977 when Lloyd Webber, frustrated with the terms of his contract with the impresario Robert Stigwood, decided to take greater control over the management of his creative works.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ The Really, Really Free Market (RRFM) movement is a horizontally organized collective of individuals who form a temporary market based on an alternative gift economy.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ RRFM events are often hosted by people unaffiliated with any large organization and are encouraged to sprout up by anyone, at anytime, anywhere.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ The RRFM movement aims to counteract capitalism in a proactive way by creating a positive example to challenge the myths of scarcity and competition.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ The name Really Really Free Market is itself a play on words: it is a reinterpretation and re-envisioning of the term Free Market which generally refers to an economy of consumerism governed by supply and demand.", "Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops __knowledge__ The Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, popularly referred to as the Synod on the Family, took place from 4 to 25 October 2015 with the theme of \"the vocation and mission of the family in the Church and in the contemporary world.\"", "Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops __knowledge__ It was \"reflect[ing] further on the points discussed\" at the 2014 Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops \"so as to formulate appropriate pastoral guidelines\" for the pastoral care of the person and the family.", "Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops __knowledge__ The 2014 assembly of the Synod, called to define the \"status quaestionis\" (current situation) and to collect the participants' experiences and proposals, can be understood as a preparation for the 2015 assembly, but they are meant to \"form a single organic unity.\"", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 1990 to 1999.", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ Brook Lynn Ashton is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\".", "List of General Hospital characters (1990s) __knowledge__ On the series, she is the daughter of Ned Ashton and Lois Cerullo, and was named after her mother's hometown of Brooklyn.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ Amoris laetitia (English: \"The Joy of Love\") is a post-synodal apostolic exhortation by Pope Francis addressing the pastoral care of families.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ Dated 19 March 2016, it was released on 8 April 2016.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ It follows the Synods on the Family held in 2014 and 2015.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ The exhortation covers a wide range of topics related to marriage and family life as well as the contemporary challenges faced by families throughout the world.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ It encourages both pastors and members of the laity to accompany and care for families and others in situations of particular need.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ \"Amoris laetitia\" also includes an extended reflection on the meaning of love in the day-to-day reality of family life.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Gabrielle Union __knowledge__ Gabrielle Monique Union-Wade (born October 29, 1972) is an American actress.", "Gabrielle Union __knowledge__ She began her career in the 1990s, appearing on television sitcoms, before landing supporting roles in teen comedy films \"She's All That\" and \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (1999).", "Gabrielle Union __knowledge__ Her breakthrough role was in the 2000 teen comedy film \"Bring It On\", after which she was female lead in the short-lived CBS medical drama series \"City of Angels\" later that year.", "Gabrielle Union __knowledge__ Union is best known for her performances in the romantic comedy films \"The Brothers\" (2001), \"Deliver Us from Eva\" (2003), \"Daddy's Little Girls\" (2007), \"Think Like a Man\" (2012) and \"Think Like a Man Too\" (2014)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ This article is a general overview of divorce laws around the world.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ Every nation in the world allows its residents to divorce under some conditions except the Philippines (though Muslims in the Philippines have the right to divorce) and the Vatican City, an ecclesiastical sovereign city-state, which has no procedure for divorce.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ In these two countries, laws only allow annulment of marriages.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ In Muslim societies, legislation concerning divorce varies from country to country.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ Different Muslim scholars can have slightly differing interpretations of divorce in Islam, (e.g.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ concerning triple talaq).", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ Like marriage, divorce in the United States is under the jurisdiction of state governments, not the federal government.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ Divorce or \"dissolution of marriage\" is a legal process in which a judge or other authority dissolves the bonds of matrimony existing between two persons, thus restoring them to the status of being single and permitting them to marry other individuals.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ The legal process for divorce may also involve issues of spousal support, child custody, child support, distribution of property and division of debt, though these matters are usually only ancillary or consequential to the dissolution of the marriage.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ No-fault divorce is a divorce in which the dissolution of a marriage does not require a showing of wrongdoing by either party.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ Laws providing for no-fault divorce allow a family court to grant a divorce in response to a petition by either party of the marriage without requiring the petitioner to provide evidence that the defendant has committed a breach of the marital contract.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ The first modern no-fault divorce law was enacted in Russia in December 1917 following the October Revolution of the same year.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ Regarding marriage as a bourgeois institution, the new government transferred divorce jurisdiction from the Russian Orthodox Church to the state courts, which could grant it on application of either spouse.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Grounds for divorce are regulations specifying the circumstances under which a person will be granted a divorce.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Each state in the United States has its own set of grounds.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ A person must state the reason they want a divorce at a divorce trial and be able to prove that this reason is well-founded.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ Several states require that the couple must live apart for several months before being granted a divorce.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ However, living apart is not accepted as grounds for a divorce in many states.", "Grounds for divorce (United States) __knowledge__ The United States allows a person to end a marriage by filing for a divorce on the grounds of either fault or no fault.", "Divorce in South Africa __knowledge__ Divorce (or the dissolution of marriage) in South African law refers to the termination of a marital union, the canceling of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and the dissolving of the bonds of matrimony between a married couple.", "Divorce in South Africa __knowledge__ Divorce is unlike annulment, which declares the marriage null and void.", "Divorce in South Africa __knowledge__ Divorce requires the sanction of a court in a legal process.", "Divorce in South Africa __knowledge__ The legal process of divorce may also involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child support, distribution of property and division of debt.", "Divorce in South Africa __knowledge__ Prior to the coming into operation of the Divorce Act in South Africa on 1 July 1979, a decree of divorce could be granted by the court either on one of the two common-law grounds, adultery or malicious desertion, or on one of the two grounds introduced in 1935 by the Divorce Laws Amendment Act: incurable insanity for not less than seven years, or imprisonment of the defendant spouse for at least five years after such spouse has been declared to be a habitual criminal.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ The men's rights movement in India is composed of various men's rights organisations in India.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ Proponents of the movement support the introduction of gender-neutral legislation and repeal of laws that they consider are biased against men.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ The movement notes several issues with the bias against men in India.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ Men's rights activists claim that anti-dowry laws in India are frequently being misused to harass and extort husbands, and attributed this to the high suicide rate among married men in India, which is almost twice that of women.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ They claim that the divorce and child custody laws are biased against men.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ International child abduction in Japan refers to the illegal international abduction or removal of children from their country of habitual residence by an acquaintance or family member to Japan or their retention in Japan in contravention to the law of another country.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ Most cases involve a Japanese mother taking her children to Japan in defiance of visitation or joint custody orders issued by Western courts.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ The issue is a growing problem as the number of international marriages increases.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ Barring exceptional circumstances, the effects of child abduction are generally detrimental to the welfare of children.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ The fathers' rights movement has evolved in many countries.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ This article provides details about the fathers' rights movement in specific countries.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ Fathers' rights groups began in Australia in the 1970s with the founding of organizations such as the Lone Fathers Association.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ Other well-known groups include Equality for Fathers, Dads Against Discrimination, Dads in Distress, Fathers Without Rights, The Men's Confraternity and the Shared Parenting Council.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ As with other fathers' rights activists, Australian organizations focus on issues of erosion of the family unit, custody, access, child support, domestic violence (including false allegations, and violence against men), child abuse, maintenance, the reintroduction of fault into divorce proceedings, biased and adversarial court systems and secrecy issues.", "Child support __knowledge__ In family law and public policy, child support (or child maintenance) is an ongoing, periodic payment made by a parent for the financial benefit of a child (or parent, caregiver, guardian, or state) following the end of a marriage or other relationship.", "Child support __knowledge__ Child maintenance is paid directly or indirectly by an \"obligor\" to an \"obligee\" for the care and support of children of a relationship that has been terminated, or in some cases never existed.", "Child support __knowledge__ Often the obligor is a non-custodial parent.", "Child support __knowledge__ The obligee is typically a custodial parent, a caregiver, a guardian, or the state.", "Child support __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, a custodial parent may pay child support to a non-custodial parent.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ The fathers' rights movement is a movement whose members are primarily interested in issues related to family law, including child custody and child support that affect fathers and their children.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ Many of its members are fathers who desire to share the parenting of their children equally with their children's mother—either after divorce or as unwed fathers—and the children of the terminated marriage.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ The movement includes men as well as women, often the second wives of divorced fathers or other family members of men who have had some engagement with family law.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ Most of the members of the fathers' rights movement had little prior interest in the law or politics.", "Alimony __knowledge__ Alimony (also called aliment (Scotland), maintenance (England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, Canada), spousal support (U.S., Canada) and spousal maintenance (Australia)) is a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to their spouse before or after marital separation or divorce.", "Alimony __knowledge__ The obligation arises from the divorce law or family law of each country.", "Alimony __knowledge__ The term alimony comes from the Latin word \"alimōnia\" (\"nourishment, sustenance\", from \"alere,\" \"to nourish\"), from which also alimentary (of, or relating to food, nutrition, or digestion) and the Scots law concept of aliment, and was a rule of sustenance to assure the wife's lodging, food, clothing, and other necessities after divorce." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "List of Emmerdale characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of minor characters that first appeared in the British soap opera \"Emmerdale\" in 2011, by order of first appearance.", "List of Emmerdale characters (2011) __knowledge__ Flynn Buchanan, played by Ryan Prescott, made his first on-screen appearance on 31 January 2011.", "List of Emmerdale characters (2011) __knowledge__ Flynn was introduced as a love interest for Aaron Livesy.", "List of Emmerdale characters (2011) __knowledge__ The character and casting was announced in January 2011.", "List of Emmerdale characters (2011) __knowledge__ Prescott landed the role of Flynn shortly after graduating from a performing arts degree.", "List of Emmerdale characters (2011) __knowledge__ He began filming his first scenes in late November 2010.", "List of Emmerdale characters (2011) __knowledge__ Prescott told \"The Champion\" that he had been recognised from being in \"Emmerdale\".", "List of Emmerdale characters (2011) __knowledge__ He said \"The storyline in \"Emmerdale\" was so big already that it's brought a lot of publicity, I signed my first couple of autographs the other day which was weird.\"", "Walter Hill __knowledge__ Walter Hill (born January 10, 1942) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.", "Walter Hill __knowledge__ He is widely known for his action films and revival of the Western genre.", "Walter Hill __knowledge__ He has directed such films as \"The Warriors\", \"Hard Times\", \"The Driver\", \"Southern Comfort\", \"48 Hrs.\"", "Walter Hill __knowledge__ and its sequel \"Another 48 Hrs.", "Walter Hill __knowledge__ \", \"Red Heat\", \"Last Man Standing\", \"Undisputed\", and \"Bullet to the Head\", as well as writing the Steve McQueen crime drama \"The Getaway\".", "Walter Hill __knowledge__ He has also directed several episodes of television series such as \"Tales from the Crypt\" and \"Deadwood\" and produced the \"Alien\" films.", "Walter Hill __knowledge__ Hill said in an interview that \"every film I've done has been a Western\", and elaborated in another that \"the Western is ultimately a stripped down moral universe that is, whatever the dramatic problems are, beyond the normal avenues of social control and social alleviation of the problem, and I like to do that even within contemporary stories\".", "Tony Hutchinson __knowledge__ Anthony \"Tony\" Hutchinson is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks;\" he is played by Nick Pickard.", "Tony Hutchinson __knowledge__ Tony first appeared on-screen on 23 October 1995, the first episode of the series, and is the only original character to still be on the show to the present day.", "Tony Hutchinson __knowledge__ The character was created by Phil Redmond as one of several main characters for the soap opera.", "Tony Hutchinson __knowledge__ Tony has since been part of various storylines including marriages to Mandy Richardson (Sarah Jayne Dunn), her stepsister Cindy Cunningham (Stephanie Waring) and Diane O'Connor (Alex Fletcher), an affair with married woman Helen Cunningham (Kathryn George), the death of his daughter to sudden infant death syndrome, the discovery of his long-lost son, Harry Thompson (Parry Glasspool), sleeping with underage Theresa McQueen (Jorgie Porter), his battle with testicular cancer, an affair with his stepdaughter, Sinead (Stephanie Davis) and coping with Harry's sexuality and relationship with Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson).", "A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation __knowledge__ A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation is a work that was written by St. Thomas More while imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1534.", "A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation __knowledge__ Thomas More was imprisoned by King Henry VIII for refusing to swear to the Act of Succession (1534).", "A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation __knowledge__ He had been given writing materials in the early months of his imprisonment.", "A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation __knowledge__ The Dialogue is set in the Kingdom of Hungary in 1528, between the invasions of Suleiman the Magnificent.", "A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation __knowledge__ It is a fictional dialogue between Vincent and his uncle, Anthony.", "A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation __knowledge__ The book begins with Vincent paying a visit to his uncle.", "A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation __knowledge__ He is terrified by the invasions of the Ottomans and seeks comfort from Anthony.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "Release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi __knowledge__ The release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi from prison on compassionate grounds was a decision by Scottish Justice Secretary Kenny MacAskill.", "Release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi __knowledge__ Megrahi was convicted on 31 January 2001 by a special Scottish Court in the Netherlands of the bomb attack on Pan Am Flight 103 on 21 December 1988 (the \"Lockerbie bombing\").", "Release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi __knowledge__ On 20 August 2009, having served 8½ years of a life sentence, his release was authorised by MacAskill.", "Release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi __knowledge__ The decision attracted significant news coverage, engendering widespread celebration in Libya, a largely hostile reaction in the United States and a more equally divided reaction in Britain.", "Justice Denied (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit) __knowledge__ \"Justice Denied\" is the seventeenth episode of the of the long-running NBC legal drama, \"\" and the 289th episode overall.", "Justice Denied (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit) __knowledge__ It originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 11, 2012.", "Justice Denied (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit) __knowledge__ The episode follows Detective Olivia Benson, who discovers that she may have put an innocent man in prison for a crime eight years ago that he did not commit, placing her job and her relationship with Executive ADA David Haden (Harry Connick, Jr.) on the line.", "Justice Denied (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit) __knowledge__ The episode was written by Stuart Feldman (teleplay and story) and show runner/executive producer Warren Leight (story), and directed by freshman \"Law & Order: SVU\" director Michael Slovis.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, (28 September 1852 – 22 May 1925), known as Sir John French from 1901 to 1916, and as The Viscount French between 1916 and 1922, was a senior British Army officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Born in Kent to an Anglo-Irish family, he saw brief service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, before becoming a cavalry officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ He achieved rapid promotion and distinguished himself on the Gordon Relief Expedition.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ French had a considerable reputation as a womaniser throughout his life and his career nearly ended when he was cited in the divorce of a brother officer whilst in India in the early 1890s.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ Although wolf attacks do occur, their frequency varies with geographical location and historical period.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ Gray wolf attacks are rare because wolves are often subsequently killed, or even extirpated in reaction by human beings.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ As a result, wolves today tend to live mostly far from people or have developed the tendency and ability to avoid them.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ The country with the most extensive historical records is France, where nearly 7,600 fatal attacks were documented from 1200–1920.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ In modern times, they occur most often in India and neighboring countries.", "Wolf attacks on humans __knowledge__ There are few historical records or modern cases of wolf attacks in North America.", "Personality clash __knowledge__ A personality clash occurs when two (or more) people find themselves in conflict not over a particular issue or incident, but due to a fundamental incompatibility in their personalities, their approaches to things, or their style of life.", "Personality clash __knowledge__ A personality clash may occur in work-related, family-related, or social situations.", "Personality clash __knowledge__ Carl Jung saw the polarity of extraversion and introversion as a major potential cause of personality conflicts in everyday life, as well as underlying many past intellectual and philosophical disputes.", "Personality clash __knowledge__ He also opposed thinking and feeling types, intuitive and sensation types, as potential sources of misunderstanding between people; while other typologies can and have been developed since.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ The following video games are noted for their negative reception.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ They include games that won ironic and humorous awards (such as Golden Mullet Awards), games that have been named to lists of the \"worst\" games published by major video gaming publications or websites, games that have received low review scores from such publications (often determined by low aggregate scores on sites such as Metacritic), and games that have been recognized to be poorly received by players.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ Some of the older or rarer games have gained attention more recently through videos produced by popular YouTube personalities, such as \"Angry Video Game Nerd\".", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "The Clash __knowledge__ The Clash were an English rock band formed in London in 1976 as part of the original wave of British punk rock.", "The Clash __knowledge__ Along with punk rock, the Clash also have played music genres such as experimental rock, and new wave and their music often also incorporated elements of reggae, dub, funk, ska and rockabilly.", "The Clash __knowledge__ For most of their recording career the Clash consisted of Joe Strummer (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Mick Jones (lead guitar, lead vocals), Paul Simonon (bass guitar, vocals) and Nicky \"Topper\" Headon (drums, percussion).", "The Clash __knowledge__ Headon left the group in 1982, and internal friction led to Jones' departure the following year." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5, 3 ]

[ "My parents divorced when I was little. It was ugly, but they felt the need to terminate their marriage.", "Yes, really. They had to go to court to determine alimony, child custody and child support. It was a long process.", "They fought a lot. I think they just had a bad personality clash. My mom also felt like she lacked independence. ", "Well, the good news was that they both found happiness with someone else and they were able to marry another person. My step parents are great!" ]

[ "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce" ]

[ "Orphan", "i know :( I wish i could adopt all of them. my husband and i actually want to adopt a child in a couple of years", "extremely sad! ", "that's good to hear! Do you know what do we need to do to adopt a child?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Orphan __knowledge__ An orphan (from the \"\") is someone whose parents are dead, unknown, or have permanently abandoned him or her.", "Orphan __knowledge__ In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan.", "Orphan __knowledge__ When referring to animals, only the mother's condition is usually relevant (i.e.", "Orphan __knowledge__ if the female parent has gone, the offspring is an orphan, regardless of the father's condition).", "Orphan __knowledge__ Various groups use different definitions to identify orphans.", "Orphan __knowledge__ One legal definition used in the United States is a minor bereft through \"death or disappearance of, abandonment or desertion by, or separation or loss from, both parents\".", "Orphan __knowledge__ In the common use, an orphan does not have any surviving parent to care for him or her.", "Orphan __knowledge__ However, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), and other groups label any child that has lost one parent as an orphan.", "Orphan __knowledge__ In this approach, a \"maternal orphan\" is a child whose mother has died, a \"paternal orphan\" is a child whose father has died, and a \"double orphan\" is a child who has lost both parents.", "Orphan __knowledge__ This contrasts with the older use of \"half-orphan\" to describe children that had lost only one parent.", "Orphan __knowledge__ Orphans are relatively rare in developed countries, because most children can expect both of their parents to survive their childhood." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Orphan __knowledge__ An orphan (from the \"\") is someone whose parents are dead, unknown, or have permanently abandoned him or her.", "Orphan __knowledge__ In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan.", "Orphan __knowledge__ When referring to animals, only the mother's condition is usually relevant (i.e.", "Orphan __knowledge__ if the female parent has gone, the offspring is an orphan, regardless of the father's condition).", "Orphan __knowledge__ Various groups use different definitions to identify orphans.", "Orphan __knowledge__ One legal definition used in the United States is a minor bereft through \"death or disappearance of, abandonment or desertion by, or separation or loss from, both parents\".", "Orphan __knowledge__ In the common use, an orphan does not have any surviving parent to care for him or her.", "Orphan __knowledge__ However, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), and other groups label any child that has lost one parent as an orphan.", "Orphan __knowledge__ In this approach, a \"maternal orphan\" is a child whose mother has died, a \"paternal orphan\" is a child whose father has died, and a \"double orphan\" is a child who has lost both parents.", "Orphan __knowledge__ This contrasts with the older use of \"half-orphan\" to describe children that had lost only one parent.", "Orphan __knowledge__ Orphans are relatively rare in developed countries, because most children can expect both of their parents to survive their childhood.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ \"This article on refers to Adoption within the Philippine context.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ For the general term, see Adoption.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Adoption in the Philippines is a process of granting social, emotional and legal family and kinship membership to an individual from the Philippines, usually a child.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ It involves a transfer of parental rights and obligations and provides family membership.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) defines adoption as a \"socio-legal process of giving a permanent family to a child whose parents have voluntarily or involuntarily given up their parental rights.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Philippine Republic Act 8552, also known as the Domestic Adoption Act of 1998, recognizes that children should grow up with their biological parents; however, should the efforts of biological parents to raise their child be insufficient, other members of the extended family may take on the responsibility of parenthood for the child.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 2000 to 2009.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Sage Alcazar is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, General Hospital.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Eileen Boylan in 2003, and then by Katie Stuart in 2004.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ The international adoption of South Korean children was triggered by casualties of the Korean War after 1953.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ The initiative was taken by religious organizations in the United States, Australia, and many Western European nations, and eventually developed into various apparatus that sustained adoption as a socially integrated system.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ A 1988 article which was originally in The Progressive and reprinted in Pound Pup Legacy said that fewer than one percent of Korean adoptees adopted now are Amerasian, but most of the Korean adoptees for the decade after the Korean War were Amerasians who were fathered by American soldiers.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "LGBT rights in Israel __knowledge__ Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Israel are the most advanced in the Middle East, and one of the most advanced in Asia.", "LGBT rights in Israel __knowledge__ Although same-sex sexual activity was legalized in 1988, the former law against sodomy had not been enforced since a court decision of 1963.", "LGBT rights in Israel __knowledge__ Israel became the first in Asia to recognize unregistered cohabitation between same-sex couples, making it the first country in Asia to recognize any same-sex union.", "LGBT rights in Israel __knowledge__ Although same-sex marriages are not performed in the country, Israel recognizes same-sex marriages performed elsewhere.", "LGBT rights in Israel __knowledge__ Discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation was prohibited in 1992.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of supporting characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ is a fictional character in the anime \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ OVA In the OVA, Katsuhito, also known as , fled Jurai over 700 years ago to \"retire\" on Earth.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ He was once the greatest swordsman on Jurai.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Currently Katsuhito is a Shinto priest who is not only training Tenchi to be a Shinto priest but also training him in Jurai swordsmanship.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Yōshō had a marriage arranged with half-sister Ayeka, but left.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ At the time, not all Juraians liked the idea of mixed blood heritages (he is part human, on his mother's side) and he used Ryōko's attack as an excuse to slip away to Earth.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ An orphanage is a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans—children whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to take care of them.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ Biological parents, and sometimes biological grandparents, are legally responsible for supporting children, but in the absence of these, no named godparent, or other relatives willing to care for the children, they become a ward of the state, and orphanages are one way of providing for their care, housing and education.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ It is frequently used to describe institutions abroad, where it is a more accurate term, since the word orphan has a different definition in international adoption.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters __knowledge__ The children's novel series \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" features a large cast of characters created by Lemony Snicket.", "List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters __knowledge__ The series follows the turbulent lives of the Baudelaire orphans after their parents, Bertrand and Beatrice, are killed in an arsonous structure fire.", "List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters __knowledge__ The author of the series is Lemony Snicket (the \"nom de plume\" of Daniel Handler), who plays a major role in the plot himself.", "List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters __knowledge__ Although the series is given no distinct location, other real persons appear in the narrative as well, including the series' illustrator, Brett Helquist, and Daniel Handler himself.", "List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters __knowledge__ Count Olaf is the main antagonist and one of the primary characters of the series, making an appearance in each installment, alongside the Baudelaire children.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "Chiquititas __knowledge__ Chiquititas (literally translated as \"Little Girls\", known in English as Tiny Angels) is a children's musical Argentine telenovela, created and produced by Cris Morena.", "Chiquititas __knowledge__ It starred Morena's daughter Romina Yan, and Agustina Cherri.", "Chiquititas __knowledge__ The series focuses on a group of orphans living in a manor, known as Rincón de Luz.", "Chiquititas __knowledge__ Their lives are gradually touched and changed by Belén, a sweet-hearted, dedicated young woman.", "Chiquititas __knowledge__ The story explores their experiences and coming-of-age dramas such as discovering first love, deceptions, sadness, loneliness and friendship, as they form a family altogether.", "Chiquititas __knowledge__ In the fifth season, the show was rebooted with a new setting, new characters and a new story.", "Konami 80's Arcade Gallery __knowledge__ While many compilations on home consoles predate \"Konami 80's Arcade Gallery\", it is one of the earliest examples of an arcade reissue of classic games, being preceded only by the \"Namco Classics Collection\" series.", "Konami 80's Arcade Gallery __knowledge__ The collection was developed for the System 573 arcade system - hardware based on the Sony PlayStation architecture.", "Konami 80's Arcade Gallery __knowledge__ This made the collection easy to convert to the PlayStation home console.", "Konami 80's Arcade Gallery __knowledge__ A look into the software's readme files reveals notes that the original ROM data was used to obtain assets for the reprogrammed games.", "Konami 80's Arcade Gallery __knowledge__ While the arcade version had an attract mode for certain games, it was replaced with a movie that was created specifically for the home version." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Orphan __knowledge__ An orphan (from the \"\") is someone whose parents are dead, unknown, or have permanently abandoned him or her.", "Orphan __knowledge__ In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan.", "Orphan __knowledge__ When referring to animals, only the mother's condition is usually relevant (i.e.", "Orphan __knowledge__ if the female parent has gone, the offspring is an orphan, regardless of the father's condition).", "Orphan __knowledge__ Various groups use different definitions to identify orphans.", "Orphan __knowledge__ One legal definition used in the United States is a minor bereft through \"death or disappearance of, abandonment or desertion by, or separation or loss from, both parents\".", "Orphan __knowledge__ In the common use, an orphan does not have any surviving parent to care for him or her.", "Orphan __knowledge__ However, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), and other groups label any child that has lost one parent as an orphan.", "Orphan __knowledge__ In this approach, a \"maternal orphan\" is a child whose mother has died, a \"paternal orphan\" is a child whose father has died, and a \"double orphan\" is a child who has lost both parents.", "Orphan __knowledge__ This contrasts with the older use of \"half-orphan\" to describe children that had lost only one parent.", "Orphan __knowledge__ Orphans are relatively rare in developed countries, because most children can expect both of their parents to survive their childhood.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ Hip Hip Hurray is an Indian television series created and directed by Nupur Asthana that first aired on Zee TV channel from 21 August 1998 to 25 May 2001.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ The story is based on the lives of 12th grade students at the DeNobili High School and their adventures, their fears and hopes, and their relationships and interactions.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ Besides that, the story also focuses on issues pertinent for the younger generation such as dating, drugs, careers, health, exams, and causes, in a light-hearted manner.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ The first season of the series more focused on the stars where they were in school flitting through life with joys and sorrows of life as students.", "I Love Money (season 4) __knowledge__ I Love Money 4 or I Love Money (season 4) is the fourth season of the VH1 reality television series \"I Love Money\", created by \"Surreal Life\" executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin.", "I Love Money (season 4) __knowledge__ The fourth season's 18 contestants were drawn from \"I Love New York\", \"Rock of Love\", \"Real Chance of Love\", \"Daisy of Love\", \"Megan Wants a Millionaire\", and \"For the Love of Ray J\" to compete in physical and mental challenges, aiming for a $250,000 grand prize.", "I Love Money (season 4) __knowledge__ Production began in late August 2009 and wrapped September 2009, and premiered on 16 September 2010.", "I Love Money (season 4) __knowledge__ The show was reportedly edited in order to focus on the competitions, as VH1 noted they \"had a new programming filter in place\" in the wake of the Ryan Jenkins off-camera tragedy.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ The Special Activities Division (SAD) is a division of the United States Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ Within SAD there are two separate groups: SAD/SOG for tactical paramilitary operations and SAD/PAG for covert political action.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ SAD's name changed to Special Activities Center as a result of the modernization and reorganization of the CIA in 2016.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ The Special Operations Group (SOG) is the department within SAD responsible for operations that include high-threat military or covert operations which the US government does not wish to be overtly associated.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ As such, unit members, called Paramilitary Operations Officers and Specialized Skills Officers, do not typically carry any objects or clothing, e.g., military uniforms, that would associate them with the United States government.", "Ahmed Rushdi __knowledge__ Ahmed Rushdi, SI, PP (; April 24, 1934 – April 11, 1983) was a versatile Pakistani playback singer and was \"an important contributor to the golden age of Pakistani film music.", "Ahmed Rushdi __knowledge__ Rushdi is acclaimed as one of the greatest singers of South Asia and could sing high tenor notes with ease.", "Ahmed Rushdi __knowledge__ He is best known for his distinctive voice, with complex and dark emotional expressions.", "Ahmed Rushdi __knowledge__ Born in Hyderabad Deccan, he migrated to Pakistan and became a leading singer in the Pakistan film industry.", "Ahmed Rushdi __knowledge__ He is considered as one of the most versatile vocalists of South Asia and was capable of singing variety of songs.", "Ahmed Rushdi __knowledge__ He is also considered to be the first regular pop singer of south asia and credited as having sung the \"first-ever South asian\" pop song, \"\"Ko-Ko-Korina\" in the film \"Armaan\".\"", "Novi Sad __knowledge__ Novi Sad (, ; ; , the city has a population of 250,439, while the urban area of Novi Sad (with the adjacent urban settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica) has 277,522 inhabitants.", "Novi Sad __knowledge__ The population of the administrative area of the city stands at 341,625 people.", "Novi Sad __knowledge__ Novi Sad was founded in 1694, when Serb merchants formed a colony across the Danube from the Petrovaradin fortress, a Habsburg strategic military post.", "Novi Sad __knowledge__ In the 18th and 19th centuries, it became an important trading and manufacturing centre, as well as a centre of Serbian culture of that period, earning the nickname of the \"Serbian Athens\".", "Winter Clothes Day __knowledge__ The Winter Clothes Day, Tomb-sweeping Day and Hungry Ghost Festival are the days for people to offer sacrifice to their ancestors in China.", "Winter Clothes Day __knowledge__ The Winter Clothes Day falls on the first day of Lunar October.", "Winter Clothes Day __knowledge__ October first of the lunar calendar has come into winter, thus people feel cold, which makes them miss the dead.", "Winter Clothes Day __knowledge__ To protect their ancestors against the cold in the netherworld, people send clothes to them, which’s why it is called the Winter Clothes Day.", "Winter Clothes Day __knowledge__ On October first, Chinese people burn clothes made of colorful papers in front of graves to their ancestors to keep them warm.", "Winter Clothes Day __knowledge__ At the same time, the day marks the arrival of the dead of winter.", "18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period __knowledge__ 18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period (隋唐十八条好汉) are 18 legendary and fictional heroes living in Sui Dynasty and early Tang Dynasty.", "18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period __knowledge__ The concept of 18 Warriors was first mentioned in the traditional historical novel \"Shuo Tang\".", "18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period __knowledge__ The ranking of those 18 warriors was based on their skills in Martial Arts as well as their physical strength.", "18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period __knowledge__ Some of them somehow have historical archetypes such as Qin Shubao and Shan Xiongxin while others are created by authors of folk stories such as Luo Cheng and Yuwen Chengdu.", "18 Warriors of Sui-Tang Period __knowledge__ The ranking itself is disputed, largely because of the fact that the novel \"Shuo Tang\" only defined 13 out of all 18 warriors.", "Orphan Train __knowledge__ The Orphan Train Movement was a supervised welfare program that transported orphaned and homeless children from crowded Eastern cities of the United States to foster homes located largely in rural areas of the Midwest.", "Orphan Train __knowledge__ The orphan trains operated between 1854 and 1929, relocating about 200,000 orphaned, abandoned, or homeless children.", "Orphan Train __knowledge__ Three charitable institutions, Children's Village (founded 1851 by 24 philanthropists), the Children's Aid Society (established 1853 by Charles Loring Brace) and later, the New York Foundling Hospital, endeavored to help these children.", "Orphan Train __knowledge__ The institutions were supported by wealthy donors and operated by professional staff.", "Orphan drug __knowledge__ An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease.", "Orphan drug __knowledge__ The assignment of orphan status to a disease and to any drugs developed to treat it is a matter of public policy in many countries, and has resulted in medical breakthroughs that may not have otherwise been achieved due to the economics of drug research and development.", "Orphan drug __knowledge__ In the case of the rarest diseases that afflict fewer than 10,000 people, biotech companies who own the only approved drugs to treat those diseases \"can charge pretty much whatever they want\".", "New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, Bristol __knowledge__ The New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, commonly known as the Muller Homes, were an orphanage in the district of Ashley Down, in the north of Bristol.", "New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, Bristol __knowledge__ They were built between 1849 and 1870 by the Prussian evangelist George Müller to show the world that God not only heard, but answered, prayer.", "New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, Bristol __knowledge__ The five Houses held 2,050 children at any one time and some 17,000 passed through their doors before the buildings were sold to Bristol City Council in 1958.", "New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, Bristol __knowledge__ The work of George Müller and his wife with orphans began in 1836 with the preparation of their own home at 6 Wilson Street, Bristol for the accommodation of thirty girls.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ An orphanage is a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans—children whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to take care of them.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ Biological parents, and sometimes biological grandparents, are legally responsible for supporting children, but in the absence of these, no named godparent, or other relatives willing to care for the children, they become a ward of the state, and orphanages are one way of providing for their care, housing and education.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ It is frequently used to describe institutions abroad, where it is a more accurate term, since the word orphan has a different definition in international adoption.", "Porter-Leath __knowledge__ Porter-Leath, formerly known as the Children's Bureau, is a non-profit organization based in Memphis, Tennessee that serves children and families in the area.", "Porter-Leath __knowledge__ Porter-Leath was founded in 1850 as an orphanage and has since grown to six program service areas.", "Porter-Leath __knowledge__ The agency retains the early nature of its mission by providing foster care and has also expanded to early childhood education.", "Porter-Leath __knowledge__ The agency remains in its 1852 location on the of land donated by Mrs. Sarah Leath.", "Porter-Leath __knowledge__ The original orphanage building remains in use as administrative office space.", "Porter-Leath __knowledge__ The three buildings built before 1900 are on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Annie (musical) __knowledge__ Annie is a Broadway musical based upon the popular Harold Gray comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\", with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin, and book by Thomas Meehan.", "Annie (musical) __knowledge__ The original Broadway production opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin Theatre (now the Neil Simon Theatre).", "Annie (musical) __knowledge__ It spawned numerous productions in many countries, as well as national tours, and won the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "Annie (musical) __knowledge__ The musical's songs \"Tomorrow\" and \"It's the Hard Knock Life\" are among its most popular musical numbers.", "Annie (musical) __knowledge__ In 1933, eleven-year-old Annie is in the Municipal Girls Orphanage, along with Molly (age 6), Kate (age 7), Tessie (age 10), Pepper (age 12), July and Duffy (both 13).", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Orphan __knowledge__ An orphan (from the \"\") is someone whose parents are dead, unknown, or have permanently abandoned him or her.", "Orphan __knowledge__ In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan.", "Orphan __knowledge__ When referring to animals, only the mother's condition is usually relevant (i.e.", "Orphan __knowledge__ if the female parent has gone, the offspring is an orphan, regardless of the father's condition).", "Orphan __knowledge__ Various groups use different definitions to identify orphans.", "Orphan __knowledge__ One legal definition used in the United States is a minor bereft through \"death or disappearance of, abandonment or desertion by, or separation or loss from, both parents\".", "Orphan __knowledge__ In the common use, an orphan does not have any surviving parent to care for him or her.", "Orphan __knowledge__ However, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), and other groups label any child that has lost one parent as an orphan.", "Orphan __knowledge__ In this approach, a \"maternal orphan\" is a child whose mother has died, a \"paternal orphan\" is a child whose father has died, and a \"double orphan\" is a child who has lost both parents.", "Orphan __knowledge__ This contrasts with the older use of \"half-orphan\" to describe children that had lost only one parent.", "Orphan __knowledge__ Orphans are relatively rare in developed countries, because most children can expect both of their parents to survive their childhood.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ \"This article on refers to Adoption within the Philippine context.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ For the general term, see Adoption.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Adoption in the Philippines is a process of granting social, emotional and legal family and kinship membership to an individual from the Philippines, usually a child.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ It involves a transfer of parental rights and obligations and provides family membership.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) defines adoption as a \"socio-legal process of giving a permanent family to a child whose parents have voluntarily or involuntarily given up their parental rights.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Philippine Republic Act 8552, also known as the Domestic Adoption Act of 1998, recognizes that children should grow up with their biological parents; however, should the efforts of biological parents to raise their child be insufficient, other members of the extended family may take on the responsibility of parenthood for the child.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ James O'Halloran, KC (c.1820 – June 1, 1913) was a Quebec lawyer and political figure.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ He was born about 1820 (some sources say 1821) near Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland and came to Canada with his family in 1828.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ He studied at the University of Vermont and served in the U.S. Army during the war with Mexico.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ He returned to Lower Canada in 1849, was admitted to the bar in 1852 and set up practice in Cowansville.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Missisquoi as a member of the parti rouge; he was reelected in 1863.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ He opposed Confederation.", "James O'Halloran __knowledge__ O'Halloran was named Queen's Counsel on February 12, 1864.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ Va'etchanan ( — Hebrew for \"and I pleaded,\" the first word in the parashah) is the 45th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah tells how Moses asked to see the Land of Israel, made arguments to obey the law, recounted setting up the Cities of Refuge, recited the Ten Commandments and the \"Shema\", and gave instructions for the Israelites' conquest of the Land.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 7,343 Hebrew letters, 1,878 Hebrew words, 122 verses, and can occupy about 249 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ The international adoption of South Korean children was triggered by casualties of the Korean War after 1953.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ The initiative was taken by religious organizations in the United States, Australia, and many Western European nations, and eventually developed into various apparatus that sustained adoption as a socially integrated system.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ A 1988 article which was originally in The Progressive and reprinted in Pound Pup Legacy said that fewer than one percent of Korean adoptees adopted now are Amerasian, but most of the Korean adoptees for the decade after the Korean War were Amerasians who were fathered by American soldiers.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality in the United States has increased significantly since the 1970s after several decades of stability, meaning the share of the nation's income received by higher income households has increased.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ This trend is evident with income measured both before taxes (market income) as well as after taxes and transfer payments.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality has fluctuated considerably since measurements began around 1915, moving in an arc between peaks in the 1920s and 2000s, with a 30-year period of relatively lower inequality between 1950–1980.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Measured for all households, U.S. income inequality is comparable to other developed countries before taxes and transfers, but is among the highest after taxes and transfers, meaning the U.S. shifts relatively less income from higher income households to lower income households.", "Circumcision __knowledge__ Male circumcision is the removal of the foreskin from the human penis.", "Circumcision __knowledge__ In the most common procedure, the foreskin is opened, adhesions are removed, and the foreskin is separated from the glans.", "Circumcision __knowledge__ After that, a circumcision device may be placed and then the foreskin is cut off.", "Circumcision __knowledge__ Topical or locally injected anesthesia is used to reduce pain and physiologic stress.", "Circumcision __knowledge__ For adults and children, general anesthesia is an option and the procedure may be performed without a specialized circumcision device.", "Circumcision __knowledge__ The procedure is most often an elective surgery performed on babies and children for religious or cultural reasons.", "Good News Club __knowledge__ Good News Club is a weekly interdenominational Christian program for 5-to-12-year-old children featuring a Bible lesson, songs, memory verses, and games.", "Good News Club __knowledge__ It is the leading ministry of Child Evangelism Fellowship (CEF), which creates the curriculum, translates it into different languages for use around the world, and trains instructors to teach it.", "Good News Club __knowledge__ The foundation has reported that in 2011 there were 3,560 Good News Clubs in public schools across the United States and more than 42,000 clubs worldwide.", "Good News Club __knowledge__ The Good News Club was the plaintiff in Good News Club v. Milford Central School, \"533 U.S. 98 (2001)\", which held that the club was entitled to the same access as other groups, like the Boy Scouts, to provide after-school programs designed to promote \"moral and character development\" to Milford School's elementary children.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ Infant mortality refers to deaths of young children, typically those less than one year of age.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ It is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ The Under-Five Mortality Rate is also an important statistic, considering the Infant Mortality Rate focuses only on children under one year of age.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ Premature birth is the biggest contributor to the IMR.", "Infant mortality __knowledge__ Other leading causes of infant mortality are birth asphyxia, pneumonia, term birth complications such as abnormal presentation of the foetus umbilical cord prolapse, or prolonged labor, neonatal infection, diarrhea, malaria, measles and malnutrition.", "Child poverty __knowledge__ Child poverty refers to the state of children living in poverty.", "Child poverty __knowledge__ This applies to children that come from poor families or orphans being raised with limited, or in some cases absent, state resources.", "Child poverty __knowledge__ Children that fail to meet the minimum acceptable standard of the nation where that child lives are said to be poor.", "Child poverty __knowledge__ In developing countries, these standards are lower and when combined with the increased number of orphans the effects are more extreme The definition of children in most countries is 'people under the age of eighteen', while biologically the transition from childhood to adulthood is said to occur with the onset of puberty." ] ]

[ 1, 7, 11, 15 ]

[ "i feel so bad for orphans! IT must be so heartbreaking to lose parents or be abandoned", "that's so sweet of you! it's so sad that orphan does not have any parents to care for him or her", "good news is that orphans are relatively rare in developed countries because most children can expect both parents to survive their childhood", "i know adoption involves a transfer of parental rights. a lot depends on where you want to adopt a child from. What country?" ]

[ "Orphan", "Orphan", "Orphan", "Orphan" ]

[ "Taylor Swift\nI love Taylor Swift. Are you familiar with her music?", "Yes she is very talented. Do you know what her first breakthrough song was?", "I don't think I know that song. I know she has won a lot of awards. Are you familiar with those?", "Yes! What is her top selling album or single?", "She is very accomplished and I know she writes her own songs and produces her own shows as well." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Taylor Swift is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 24, 2006, by Big Machine Records.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift was 16 years old at the time of the album's release and wrote its songs during her freshman year of high school.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift has writing credits on all of the album's songs, including those co-written with Liz Rose.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift experimented with several producers, ultimately choosing Nathan Chapman, who had produced her demo album.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Musically, the album is country music styled, and lyrically it speaks of romantic relationships, a couple of which Swift wrote from observing relationships before being in one.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Fearless is the second studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ The album was released on November 11, 2008, by Big Machine Records.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ As with her first album, \"Taylor Swift\", Swift wrote or co-wrote all thirteen tracks on \"Fearless\".", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Most of the songs were written as the singer promoted her first album as the opening act for numerous country artists.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Due to the unavailability of collaborators on the road, eight songs were written by Swift.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Other songs were co-written with Liz Rose, Hillary Lindsey, Colbie Caillat, and John Rich.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Swift also made her debut as a record producer, co-producing all songs on the album with Nathan Chapman.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ \"Love Story\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ She also co-produced the track with Nathan Chapman.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 12, 2008 by Big Machine Records, as the lead single from Swift's second studio album \"Fearless\" (2008).", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The song was written about a love interest of Swift's who was not popular among Swift's family and friends.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ Because of the scenario, Swift related to the plot of William Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\" (1597) and used it as a source of inspiration to compose the song.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ However, she replaced \"Romeo and Juliet\"s original tragic conclusion with a happy ending.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ \"Picture to Burn\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ It was co-written by Swift and Liz Rose, and produced by Nathan Chapman.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ It was released on February 3, 2008 by Big Machine Records as the fourth single from Swift's eponymous studio album, \"Taylor Swift\" (2006).", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ It was inspired by the narcissistic and cocky nature of her former high school classmate and ex-boyfriend Jordan Alford with whom Swift never established a formal relationship.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ In retrospect, Swift has stated that she has evolved on a personal level and as a songwriter, claiming she processed emotions differently since \"Picture to Burn\".", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, originally titled Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, is a Christmas EP by American singer Taylor Swift.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The EP was first released on October 14, 2007 by Big Machine Records exclusively to Target stores in the United States and online.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The release was originally a limited release for the 2007 holiday season, but was re-released to iTunes and Amazon.com on December 2, 2008 and again in October 2009 to Target stores.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ \"The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection\" features cover versions of Christmas songs and two original tracks written by Swift, \"Christmases When You Were Mine\" and \"Christmas Must Be Something More\", all of which have a country pop sound.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ \"Our Song\" is a country song performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Swift and produced by Nathan Chapman.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 9, 2007 by Big Machine Records as the third single from Swift's eponymous debut album, \"Taylor Swift\" (2006).", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ Swift solely composed \"Our Song\" for the talent show of her freshman year in high school, about a boyfriend who she did not have a song with.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was included on \"Taylor Swift\" as she recalled its popularity with her classmates.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The uptempo track is musically driven mainly by banjo and lyrically describes a young couple who use the events in their lives in place of a regular song." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Adele __knowledge__ Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (; born 5 May 1988) is a British singer and songwriter.", "Adele __knowledge__ After graduating from the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in 2006, Adele was given a recording contract by XL Recordings after a friend posted her demo on Myspace the same year.", "Adele __knowledge__ In 2007, she received the Brit Awards \"Critics' Choice\" award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll.", "Adele __knowledge__ Her debut album, \"19\", was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success.", "Adele __knowledge__ It is certified seven times platinum in the UK, and three times platinum in the US.", "Adele __knowledge__ The album contains her first song, \"Hometown Glory\", written when she was 16, which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Monika Christodoulou __knowledge__ Monika Christodoulou (Greek: Μόνικα Χριστοδούλου, born May 26, 1985 in Athens, Greece) also known by her stage name Monika, is a Greek singer-songwriter.", "Monika Christodoulou __knowledge__ She sings and plays multiple instruments including the piano, guitar, saxophone, accordion, and drums.", "Monika Christodoulou __knowledge__ Monika's debut album \"Avatar\" was released in 2008 and her second album \"Exit\" followed in 2010.", "Monika Christodoulou __knowledge__ Both albums achieved platinum status in her native Greece and were met with critical acclaim.", "Monika Christodoulou __knowledge__ Her third album, \"Secret in the Dark\", was the first to be given an international release, in 2015.", "Monika Christodoulou __knowledge__ It was recorded in New York in collaboration with musicians from the Dap-Kings, and sees Christodoulou moving away from the folk, singer-songwriter style of her earlier albums towards a disco and funk sound.", "Atlantic Records __knowledge__ Atlantic Recording Corporation (simply known as Atlantic Records) is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson.", "Atlantic Records __knowledge__ Over its first 20 years of operation, Atlantic Records earned a reputation as one of the most important American recording labels, specializing in jazz, R&B and soul recordings by African-American musicians including Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, Wilson Pickett, Sam and Dave, Ruth Brown and Otis Redding, a position greatly enhanced by its distribution deal with Stax Records.", "Atlantic Records __knowledge__ In 1967, Atlantic Records became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, now the Warner Music Group, and expanded into rock and pop music with releases by bands such as Led Zeppelin and Yes.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ \"Say Yes\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Michelle Williams, taken from her fourth studio album \"Journey to Freedom\" (2014).", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ It features Williams' former Destiny's Child groupmates Beyoncé and Kelly Rowland.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Williams, Carmen Reece, Al Sherrod Lambert and Harmony Samuels who also produced it.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ E1 Music released \"Say Yes\" as the album's third single on June 2, 2014.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ \"Say Yes\" marks the third time the trio collaborated as solo artists following the disbandment of their group in 2006.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Say Yes\" is an uptempo gospel and pop song, which takes influence from dance music.", "The Yes Album __knowledge__ The Yes Album is the third album by the English progressive rock band Yes, released on 19 February 1971 by Atlantic Records.", "The Yes Album __knowledge__ It is their first album with guitarist Steve Howe, who replaced Peter Banks in 1970, and their last in the 1970s to feature keyboardist Tony Kaye.", "The Yes Album __knowledge__ The album was the first by the group not to feature any cover versions of songs.", "The Yes Album __knowledge__ The band spent mid-1970 writing and rehearsing new material at a farmhouse at Romansleigh, Devon, and the new songs were recorded at Advision Studios in London in the autumn.", "The Yes Album __knowledge__ While the album retained close harmony singing, Kaye's Hammond organ and Chris Squire's melodic bass, as heard on earlier releases, the new material also covered further styles including jazz piano, funk and acoustic music, with all band members contributing ideas, and tracks were extended in length to allow music to develop.", "New South Wales Swifts __knowledge__ The New South Wales Swifts is an Australian netball team based in Sydney which competes in the Suncorp Super Netball league.", "New South Wales Swifts __knowledge__ The team previously competed in the trans-Tasman ANZ Championship.", "New South Wales Swifts __knowledge__ The Swifts were formed in 2007 as an amalgamation of two teams from the Commonwealth Bank Trophy (CBT) – the Sydney Swifts and the Hunter Jaegers.", "New South Wales Swifts __knowledge__ During their first three years in the ANZ Championship, the Swifts had mixed fortunes, winning the inaugural championship in 2008, finishing second-last in 2009, followed by a minor premiership in 2010.", "New South Wales Swifts __knowledge__ In 2011 they qualified for the finals stages, finishing fourth.", "Swifts, Darling Point __knowledge__ Swifts (also known as The Swifts) is a late-Victorian castellated Gothic Revival mansion located in the suburb of Darling Point, Sydney.", "Swifts, Darling Point __knowledge__ Swifts is a rare survivor of a group of similar grand private residences sited on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour.", "Swifts, Darling Point __knowledge__ It is described by the Australian Heritage Council as “perhaps the grandest house remaining in Sydney”.", "Swifts, Darling Point __knowledge__ It has federal and state heritage listings.", "Swifts, Darling Point __knowledge__ Designed by G. A. Morrell, Swifts was built in 1875–82 by Sir Robert Lucas Lucas-Tooth, the distinguished Australian brewer.", "Swifts, Darling Point __knowledge__ In the 1880s, Sir Robert Lucas-Tooth had the house significantly remodelled in the style and likeness of his family home, Great Swifts Manor in Cranbrook, Kent.", "Common swift __knowledge__ The common swift (\"Apus apus\") is a medium-sized bird, superficially similar to the barn swallow or house martin but somewhat larger, though not stemming from those passerine species, being in the order Apodiformes.", "Common swift __knowledge__ The resemblances between the groups are due to convergent evolution, reflecting similar contextual development.", "Common swift __knowledge__ The swifts' nearest relatives are thought to be the New World hummingbirds and the Southeast Asian treeswifts.", "Common swift __knowledge__ Its scientific name \"Apus\" is Latin for a swift, thought by the ancients to be a type of swallow with no feet (from Ancient Greek α, \"a\", \"without\", and πούς, \"pous\", \"foot\").", "Swifts Creek __knowledge__ Swifts Creek is a town in the Tambo Valley of East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.", "Swifts Creek __knowledge__ The town is on the Great Alpine Road between Omeo and Ensay, east of the state capital Melbourne and above sea level.", "Swifts Creek __knowledge__ The area was originally settled by Europeans in the gold rushes of the mid-1800s.", "Swifts Creek __knowledge__ At the , Swifts Creek and the surrounding area had a population of 419, with a median age of 47.", "Swifts Creek __knowledge__ The Aboriginal name for the site of Swifts Creek was \"Bun Jirrah Gingee Munjie\", which translates as 'big kangaroos go to that place'.", "Swifts Creek __knowledge__ True to this name, mobs of large eastern grey kangaroos still frequent the town, especially at night when they are often seen feeding by the roadside, and on the local football ground and primary school oval.", "Pacific swift __knowledge__ The Pacific swift (\"Apus pacificus\") is a bird which breeds in eastern Asia.", "Pacific swift __knowledge__ This swift is strongly migratory, spending the northern hemisphere's winter in Southeast Asia and Australia.", "Pacific swift __knowledge__ The general shape and blackish plumage recall its relative, the common swift, from which it is distinguished by a white rump band and heavily marked underparts.", "Pacific swift __knowledge__ The sexes are identical in appearance, although young birds can be identified by pale fringes to the wing feathers that are absent in adults.", "Pacific swift __knowledge__ This swift's main call is a screech typical of its family.", "Pacific swift __knowledge__ It is one of a group of closely related Asian swifts formerly regarded as one species.", "School Health Education Study __knowledge__ The School Health Education Study (SHES) was a crucial event in transforming health education as practiced in American public schools.", "School Health Education Study __knowledge__ It has been called, \"the most significant school health education initiative of the 1960s\" and was largely responsible for establishing the value of comprehensive health education rather than separate disease-specific units and in introducing the concept-based approach to education in general.", "School Health Education Study __knowledge__ Most health curricula developed since have followed the model set by the SHES in its School Health Curriculum Project.", "School Health Education Study __knowledge__ In 1960 millionaire distiller and philanthropist Samuel Bronfman asked Dr. Granville Larimore, then Deputy Commissioner of the New York State Department of Health and a member of the Joint Committee on Health Problems in Education of the American Medical Association (AMA) and the National Education Association (NEA), to suggest several projects in health or education that should receive funding but were being neglected by governmental and private funders.", "Sera Chöding Hermitage __knowledge__ Sera Chöding Hermitage (\"Se ra chos sdings ri khrod\"), affiliated with Sera Monastery, is situated in Lhasa prefecture of Tibetan Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China.", "Sera Chöding Hermitage __knowledge__ It is located close to the Sera Monastery and faces south.", "Sera Chöding Hermitage __knowledge__ The hermitage has a yellow house, which was originally built by the Tibetan Guru Tsongkhapa who spent many years there, spread over several occasions.", "Sera Chöding Hermitage __knowledge__ It was his favourite meditating place and he wrote his great work, the “Great Commentary on the Prajñāmūla (\"Rtsa shes Dīk chen\"), while in residence.", "Sera Chöding Hermitage __knowledge__ He also taught there.", "Sera Chöding Hermitage __knowledge__ It is also known as the hermitage where Tsongkhapa entrusted his Tantric teachings to Rje shes rab seng ge (1383–1445), the founder of the Tantric Colleges." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Chris Cornell (born Christopher John Boyle; July 20, 1964 – May 18, 2017) was an American musician, singer, and songwriter.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ He was best known as the lead vocalist for the rock bands Soundgarden and Audioslave.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Cornell was also known for his numerous solo works and soundtrack contributions since 1991, and as the founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog, the one-off tribute band dedicated to his late friend Andrew Wood.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Cornell is considered one of the chief architects of the 1990s grunge movement, and is well known for his extensive catalog as a songwriter, his nearly four-octave vocal range, and his powerful vocal belting technique.", "Kevin Mitchell (musician) __knowledge__ Kevin Edward Mitchell, also known by the stage name of Bob Evans (born 1 October 1977), is an Australian singer-songwriter; Mitchell uses the moniker for his primary solo project.", "Kevin Mitchell (musician) __knowledge__ He is also the founding lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Jebediah, which was formed in 1994 and features his older brother Brett Mitchell, who joined on drums before the group's first performance.", "Kevin Mitchell (musician) __knowledge__ Jebediah released five studio albums between 1997 and 2011, the first three of which entered the top ten on the ARIA Albums Chart.", "Kevin Mitchell (musician) __knowledge__ Mitchell commenced performing as a folk pop artist under the name \"Bob Evans\" in 1999 to showcase \"quieter\" songs that were influenced by music that was different from the primary sound of Jebediah, and he deliberately chose a stage name that would distinguish him from his band.", "Think Tank (Blur album) __knowledge__ Think Tank is the seventh studio album by the English rock band Blur, released in May 2003.", "Think Tank (Blur album) __knowledge__ Continuing the jam-based studio constructions of the group's previous album, \"13\" (1999), the album expanded on the use of sampled rhythm loops and brooding, heavy electronic sounds.", "Think Tank (Blur album) __knowledge__ There are also heavy influences from dance music, hip hop, dub, jazz, and African music, an indication of songwriter Damon Albarn's expanding musical interests.", "Think Tank (Blur album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions started in November 2001, taking place in London, Morocco and Devon, and finished a year later.", "Think Tank (Blur album) __knowledge__ The album's primary producer was Ben Hillier with additional production by Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim), and William Orbit.", "Damita Jo (album) __knowledge__ Damita Jo is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson.", "Damita Jo (album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 30, 2004, by Virgin Records.", "Damita Jo (album) __knowledge__ The album takes its title from Jackson's middle name.", "Damita Jo (album) __knowledge__ Its music incorporates rock, electro, house, and hip hop styles, in addition to dance-pop and R&B.", "Damita Jo (album) __knowledge__ Its concept is based on Jackson's alternate personalities; exploring themes involving intimacy, monogamy, love, and dance.", "Damita Jo (album) __knowledge__ Its production is derived from producers including Dallas Austin, Cathy Dennis, Scott Storch, BAG & Arnthor, Rich Harrison, Télépopmusik, Just Blaze, and Kanye West; in addition to Jackson and Jam & Lewis.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \"American Idol\", in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" and \"Before He Cheats\", it became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 14 years.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist.", "Red (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Red is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Red (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ It was released on October 22, 2012, by Big Machine Records, as the follow-up to her third studio album, \"Speak Now\".", "Red (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ The album title was inspired by the \"semi-toxic relationships\" that Swift experienced during the process of conceiving this album, which Swift described the emotions she felt as \"red emotions\" due to their intense and tumultuous nature.", "Red (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ \"Red\" touches on Swift's signature themes of love and heartbreak, however, from a more mature perspective while exploring other themes such as fame and the pressure of being in the limelight.", "Wasting Light __knowledge__ Wasting Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters.", "Wasting Light __knowledge__ It was released on April 12, 2011 on RCA Records, and is the first album to feature rhythm guitarist Pat Smear since \"The Colour and the Shape\" (1997), making the band a five piece with the album.", "Wasting Light __knowledge__ Wishing to capture the essence of the group's earlier work and avoid the artificiality of digital recording, frontman Dave Grohl arranged for the band to record in his garage in Encino, California using only analog equipment.", "Wasting Light __knowledge__ The sessions were supervised by producer Butch Vig, with whom Grohl had worked on Nirvana's \"Nevermind\".", "Ray of Light __knowledge__ Ray of Light is the seventh studio album by American singer Madonna.", "Ray of Light __knowledge__ It was released on February 22, 1998 by Maverick and Warner Bros. Records.", "Ray of Light __knowledge__ After giving birth to her first child, Madonna started working on the album with producers Babyface and Patrick Leonard.", "Ray of Light __knowledge__ Following failed sessions with them, Madonna pursued a new musical direction with English producer William Orbit.", "Ray of Light __knowledge__ The recording took place over four months and experienced problems with Orbit's hardware arrangement, which would break down, and recording would have to be delayed until they could be repaired.", "Ray of Light __knowledge__ A departure from her previous work, \"Ray of Light\" is an electronica, dance and techno-pop album which incorporates multiple genres, including ambient, trip hop and house music.", "Greatest Hits: Decade Number 1 __knowledge__ Greatest Hits: Decade #1 is the first greatest hits album by American singer Carrie Underwood, released on December 9, 2014, by Arista Nashville.", "Greatest Hits: Decade Number 1 __knowledge__ A two-disc set, the release contains every single from Underwood's first four studio albums: \"Some Hearts\" (2005), \"Carnival Ride\" (2007), \"Play On\" (2009), and \"Blown Away\" (2012), except \"Some Hearts\" from its album of the same name.", "Greatest Hits: Decade Number 1 __knowledge__ Two newly recorded songs were included: \"Something in the Water\" and \"Little Toy Guns\".", "Greatest Hits: Decade Number 1 __knowledge__ The album also contains four additional tracks.", "Greatest Hits: Decade Number 1 __knowledge__ The compilation debuted at number four on the \"Billboard\" 200 and at number one on the Top Country Albums charts, and set several records upon release, including having the biggest sales debut for a hits collection in any genre of music in more than six years and the biggest first-week sales for a female hits album in any genre in over nine years.", "Speak Now __knowledge__ Speak Now is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Speak Now __knowledge__ It was released on October 25, 2010, by Big Machine Records.", "Speak Now __knowledge__ Production for the album took place during 2009 to 2010 at several recording studios, and was handled by Swift and Nathan Chapman.", "Speak Now __knowledge__ Written entirely by Swift as the follow-up to \"Fearless\", \"Speak Now\" expands on the country pop style of her previous work, and features lyrical themes including love, romance and heartbreak.", "Speak Now __knowledge__ \"Speak Now\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised Swift's songwriting and themes.", "Speak Now __knowledge__ It received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Country Album, making it her second consecutive nomination in the category, following her 2010 victory for \"Fearless\".", "Minutes to Midnight (Linkin Park album) __knowledge__ Minutes to Midnight is the third studio album by American rock band Linkin Park, released on May 14, 2007, through Warner Bros. Records.", "Minutes to Midnight (Linkin Park album) __knowledge__ The album was produced by Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin.", "Minutes to Midnight (Linkin Park album) __knowledge__ \"Minutes to Midnight\" was the band's follow-up album to \"Meteora\" (2003) and features a shift in the group's musical direction.", "Minutes to Midnight (Linkin Park album) __knowledge__ For the band, the album marks a beginning of deviation from their signature nu metal sound.", "Minutes to Midnight (Linkin Park album) __knowledge__ \"Minutes to Midnight\" takes its title from the Doomsday Clock.", "Minutes to Midnight (Linkin Park album) __knowledge__ Linkin Park started work on their third studio album in 2003, taking a break to tour in support of \"Meteora\" in 2004.", "Minutes to Midnight (Linkin Park album) __knowledge__ In this time period, the band formed numerous side projects; Mike Shinoda formed his hip hop side project Fort Minor, while Chester Bennington formed Dead by Sunrise, causing the album to be shelved temporarily." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards.", "John Williamson (singer) __knowledge__ John Robert Williamson AM (born 1 November 1945 in Kerang, Victoria) is an Australian country music and folk music singer-songwriter.", "John Williamson (singer) __knowledge__ Williamson has released over forty albums, ten videos, five DVDs, and two lyric books.", "John Williamson (singer) __knowledge__ His top 10 albums on the ARIA Charts are \"Mallee Boy\" (1986), \"Boomerang Cafe\" (1988), \"Warragul\" (No.", "John Williamson (singer) __knowledge__ 1, 1989), \"Pipe Dream\" (1997), \"The Way It Is\" (1999), \"True Blue Two\" (compilation, 2003) and \"Hillbilly Road\" (2008).", "John Williamson (singer) __knowledge__ On Australia Day (26 January) 1992 Williamson was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) with the citation: \"for service to Australian country music and in stimulating awareness of conservation issues\".", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Europe __knowledge__ The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in Europe is actively supported by the European Union and several European government have set public subsidies and other non-financial incentives to promote widespread adoption.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Europe __knowledge__ , about 943,600 plug-in electric passenger cars and vans have been registered in Europe, the second largest stock after China.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Europe __knowledge__ , European sales of plug-in cars and vans are led by Norway with over 200,000 units registered, followed by France with almost 158,000, and the UK with over 137,000 units.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Europe __knowledge__ Cumulative sales of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles in Europe passed the 500,000 unit milestone in May 2016.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ The fleet of plug-in electric vehicles in Norway is the largest per capita in the world, with Oslo recognized as the EV capital of the world.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ , the market concentration was 21.5 registered plug-in cars per 1,000 people, 14.2 times higher than the U.S., then the world's largest country market.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ Norway's fleet of electric cars is one of the cleanest in the world because 98% of the electricity generated in the country comes from hydropower.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over one in every 100 passenger cars on the road was a plug-in electric; the segment's market penetration passed 3% in December 2015, and ended 2016 with 5% of all passenger cars on Norwegian roads being a plug-in.", "My Christmas __knowledge__ My Christmas is the thirteenth studio album and first Christmas album released by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli.", "My Christmas __knowledge__ The album is a compilation of seasonal holiday favorites, mainly in English, with a few selections in Italian, German, and French, produced by multiple Grammy Award winner David Foster, containing duets with Mary J. Blige, Natalie Cole, Reba McEntire, Katherine Jenkins, The Mormon Tabernacle Choir, and The Muppets.", "My Christmas __knowledge__ It also includes \"God Bless Us Everyone\", the only original song of the album, which Bocelli recorded for the closing of the 2009 film, \"A Christmas Carol\".", "My Christmas __knowledge__ A Spanish version of the album, called Mi Navidad, was released November 23, 2009, and a PBS Christmas special of the album, filmed in the Kodak Theatre, was released on DVD December 8, 2010, after airing on PBS stations nationwide.", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ The Mitsubishi Outlander is a compact crossover manufactured by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi.", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ It was originally known as the Mitsubishi Airtrek when it was introduced in Japan in 2001, and was based on the Mitsubishi ASX concept vehicle exhibited at the 2001 North American International Auto Show.", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ It was sold at Mitsubishi Japan dealership chain called \"Car Plaza\".", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ The ASX (Active Sports Crossover) represented Mitsubishi's approach to the industry wide SUV trend for retaining the all-season and off-road abilities offered by a high ground clearance and four-wheel drive, while still offering car-like levels of emissions, economy and size.", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ 25 is the third studio album by English singer Adele.", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ It was released on 20 November 2015, through XL Recordings nearly five years after the release and international success of her second studio album \"21\".", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ Titled as a reflection of her life and frame of mind at 25 years old, \"25\" is a \"make-up record\".", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ The album's lyrical content features themes of Adele \"yearning for her old self, her nostalgia\", and \"melancholia about the passage of time\" according to an interview with the singer by \"Rolling Stone\", as well as themes of motherhood and regret.", "25 (Adele album) __knowledge__ In contrast to Adele's previous works, the production of \"25\" incorporated the use of electronic elements and creative rhythmic patterns, with elements of 1980s R&B and organs.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The Tesla Model S is a full-sized all-electric five-door, luxury liftback, produced by Tesla, Inc., and introduced on June 22, 2012.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ It scored a perfect 5.0 NHTSA automobile safety rating.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The EPA official range for the 2017 Model S 100D, which is equipped with a battery pack, is , higher than any other electric car.", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ The EPA rated the 2017 90D Model S's energy consumption at 200.9 watt-hours per kilometer (32.33 kWh/100 mi or 20.09 kWh/100 km) for a combined fuel economy of 104 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent ( or ).", "Tesla Model S __knowledge__ In 2016, Tesla updated the design of the Model S to closely match that of the Model X. , the following versions are available: 75D, 100D and P100D.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Taylor Swift is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 24, 2006, by Big Machine Records.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift was 16 years old at the time of the album's release and wrote its songs during her freshman year of high school.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift has writing credits on all of the album's songs, including those co-written with Liz Rose.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift experimented with several producers, ultimately choosing Nathan Chapman, who had produced her demo album.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Musically, the album is country music styled, and lyrically it speaks of romantic relationships, a couple of which Swift wrote from observing relationships before being in one.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Fearless is the second studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ The album was released on November 11, 2008, by Big Machine Records.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ As with her first album, \"Taylor Swift\", Swift wrote or co-wrote all thirteen tracks on \"Fearless\".", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Most of the songs were written as the singer promoted her first album as the opening act for numerous country artists.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Due to the unavailability of collaborators on the road, eight songs were written by Swift.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Other songs were co-written with Liz Rose, Hillary Lindsey, Colbie Caillat, and John Rich.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Swift also made her debut as a record producer, co-producing all songs on the album with Nathan Chapman.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ \"Our Song\" is a country song performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Swift and produced by Nathan Chapman.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 9, 2007 by Big Machine Records as the third single from Swift's eponymous debut album, \"Taylor Swift\" (2006).", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ Swift solely composed \"Our Song\" for the talent show of her freshman year in high school, about a boyfriend who she did not have a song with.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was included on \"Taylor Swift\" as she recalled its popularity with her classmates.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The uptempo track is musically driven mainly by banjo and lyrically describes a young couple who use the events in their lives in place of a regular song.", "2009 MTV Video Music Awards __knowledge__ The 2009 MTV Video Music Awards took place on September 13, 2009, at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, honoring the best music videos from June 19, 2008, to June 29, 2009.", "2009 MTV Video Music Awards __knowledge__ Comedian Russell Brand hosted the event for the second time in a row.", "2009 MTV Video Music Awards __knowledge__ The awards were held a few months after Michael Jackson died.", "2009 MTV Video Music Awards __knowledge__ The VMAs dedicated the night to Jackson with an opening performance featuring a music video montage medley with dancers performing Jackson's choreography and concluding with a special appearance by Janet Jackson performing her duet \"Scream\" alongside footage of her brother.", "2009 MTV Video Music Awards __knowledge__ Madonna opened the show with a speech about Jackson.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, originally titled Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, is a Christmas EP by American singer Taylor Swift.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The EP was first released on October 14, 2007 by Big Machine Records exclusively to Target stores in the United States and online.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The release was originally a limited release for the 2007 holiday season, but was re-released to iTunes and Amazon.com on December 2, 2008 and again in October 2009 to Target stores.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ \"The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection\" features cover versions of Christmas songs and two original tracks written by Swift, \"Christmases When You Were Mine\" and \"Christmas Must Be Something More\", all of which have a country pop sound.", "Lucia de Berk __knowledge__ Lucia de Berk (born September 22, 1961 in The Hague, Netherlands), often called Lucia de B., is a Dutch licensed paediatric nurse, who was the subject of a miscarriage of justice.", "Lucia de Berk __knowledge__ In 2003, she was sentenced to life imprisonment (for which no parole is possible under Dutch law) for four murders and three attempted murders of patients in her care.", "Lucia de Berk __knowledge__ In 2004, after an appeal, she was convicted of seven murders and three attempts.", "Lucia de Berk __knowledge__ Her conviction was controversial in the media and amongst scientists, and was questioned by investigative reporter Peter R. de Vries.", "Lucia de Berk __knowledge__ In October 2008, the case was reopened by the Supreme Court of the Netherlands, as new facts had been uncovered that undermined the previous verdicts." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer, musician, and actor.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\" or simply \"the King\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African American music to a wider audience.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Characters of Shakespear's Plays is an 1817 book of criticism of Shakespeare's plays, written by early nineteenth century English essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Composed in reaction to the neoclassical approach to Shakespeare's plays typified by Samuel Johnson, it was among the first English-language studies of Shakespeare's plays to follow the manner of German critic August Wilhelm Schlegel, and, with the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, paved the way for the increased appreciation of Shakespeare's genius that was characteristic of later nineteenth-century criticism.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ It was also the first book to cover all of Shakespeare's plays, intended as a guide for the general reader.", "A Lot like Love __knowledge__ A Lot Like Love is a 2005 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Nigel Cole and starring Ashton Kutcher and Amanda Peet.", "A Lot like Love __knowledge__ The screenplay by Colin Patrick Lynch focuses on two individuals whose relationship slowly evolves from lust to friendship to romance over the course of seven years.", "A Lot like Love __knowledge__ Constructed as a series of chapters that take place at a turning point in each character's life, the story moves from seven years in the past to three years to two and finally arrives in the present day.", "A Lot like Love __knowledge__ Emily Friehl (Amanda Peet) and Oliver Martin's (Ashton Kutcher) first encounter is on a flight from Los Angeles to New York City.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ \"Love Story\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ She also co-produced the track with Nathan Chapman.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 12, 2008 by Big Machine Records, as the lead single from Swift's second studio album \"Fearless\" (2008).", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The song was written about a love interest of Swift's who was not popular among Swift's family and friends.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ Because of the scenario, Swift related to the plot of William Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\" (1597) and used it as a source of inspiration to compose the song.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ However, she replaced \"Romeo and Juliet\"s original tragic conclusion with a happy ending.", "Loud Like Love __knowledge__ Loud Like Love is the seventh studio album by English alternative rock band Placebo, recorded between 2012 and 2013 and released on 16 September 2013.", "Loud Like Love __knowledge__ The album reached number 13 in the UK Albums Chart, and received a mixed response from critics.", "Loud Like Love __knowledge__ Three singles were released from the album: \"Too Many Friends\", \"Loud Like Love\" and \"A Million Little Pieces\".", "Loud Like Love __knowledge__ During the \"Battle for the Sun\" tour, band members Brian Molko and Stefan Olsdal both stated on various occasions that they were working on material for the next studio album.", "Loud Like Love __knowledge__ In November 2011, the band announced via their Facebook page and official website that they will be returning to the studio in 2012 to record their seventh studio album.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Fearless is the second studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ The album was released on November 11, 2008, by Big Machine Records.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ As with her first album, \"Taylor Swift\", Swift wrote or co-wrote all thirteen tracks on \"Fearless\".", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Most of the songs were written as the singer promoted her first album as the opening act for numerous country artists.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Due to the unavailability of collaborators on the road, eight songs were written by Swift.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Other songs were co-written with Liz Rose, Hillary Lindsey, Colbie Caillat, and John Rich.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Swift also made her debut as a record producer, co-producing all songs on the album with Nathan Chapman.", "When God Writes Your Love Story __knowledge__ When God Writes Your Love Story: The Ultimate Approach to Guy/Girl Relationships is a 1999 book by Eric and Leslie Ludy, an American married couple.", "When God Writes Your Love Story __knowledge__ After becoming a bestseller on the Christian book market, the book was republished in 2004 and then revised and expanded in 2009.", "When God Writes Your Love Story __knowledge__ It tells the story of the authors' first meeting, courtship, and marriage.", "When God Writes Your Love Story __knowledge__ The authors advise single people not to be physically or emotionally intimate with others, but to wait for the spouse that God has planned for them.", "When God Writes Your Love Story __knowledge__ The first edition was packaged with a CD single by the Ludys: \"Faithfully\", a song they had written specifically to accompany the book.", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Sit!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Stay!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Wait!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Down!/Love Story is an extended play by Japanese recording artist Namie Amuro from her tenth studio album and debut bilingual album \"Uncontrolled\" (2012).", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ The EP contains the songs \"Sit!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Stay!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Wait!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Down!\"", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ and \"Love Story\" from the parent album and two new tracks \"Higher\" and \"Arigatou\".", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ The EP was produced by Michico, T. Kura, Miriam Nervo, Olivia Nervo, T-SK, Tesung Kim and Nao'ymt, and is divided into two dance-pop songs and two pop ballads.", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ \"Sit!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Stay!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Wait!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Down!/Love Story\" was released on December 7, 2011 through Avex Trax and received positive reviews from most music critics; many highlighted Amuro's vocals and the b-side \"Higher\", while some felt the rest of the songs were boring and outdated." ] ]

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[ "I like some of Tayor swifts songs, shes a good singer", "One of her biggest first songs was Our Song and put her in the spotlight", "Taylor swift won quite a few awards in her day, she is super popular", "She had a lot of success with songs like Love Story and You belong with me", "Yep Taylor swift will probably be a big singer for a long time to come" ]

[ "Taylor Swift", "Taylor Swift", "Taylor Swift", "Taylor Swift", "Taylor Swift" ]