News Finding: They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team).
Paper Finding: Participation itself, of course, may entail supportiveness.
News Context: High performers and productive people don't do it alone. They understand that they can achieve more and do it quicker with the help of a mentor, coach, or adviser (or advisory team). If you wanted to get better at tennis, you would probably hire an instructor who would help you improve your serve or backhand volley.
Paper Context: It may be that supportiveness, as discussed in studies by Latham and Saari (1979b) , Ivancevich (1974, who called it "reinforcement") , is more crucial than participation in achieving goal acceptance. Participation itself, of course, may entail supportiveness. Further, it is possible that the motivational effects of participation are not as important in gaining performance improvement as are its cognitive effects.